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Per Dev Handout

The document discusses how adolescents can cope with challenges according to Freud, Adler, and Jung. Freud believed coping involves balancing the id, ego, and superego. Adler argued coping stems from overcoming feelings of inferiority through social interest and positive relationships. Jung posited coping with challenges involves embracing one's personal unconscious to achieve self-realization and individuation.

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Maxene Joi Pigtain
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86 views4 pages

Per Dev Handout

The document discusses how adolescents can cope with challenges according to Freud, Adler, and Jung. Freud believed coping involves balancing the id, ego, and superego. Adler argued coping stems from overcoming feelings of inferiority through social interest and positive relationships. Jung posited coping with challenges involves embracing one's personal unconscious to achieve self-realization and individuation.

Uploaded by

Maxene Joi Pigtain
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence

How should an adolescent cope with the challenges and demands of adolescence stage?

I. How does one cope with the challenges in life according to Sigmund Freud?

 Freud believed that the mind is an energy system which is divided into three
levels: conscious, subconscious or preconscious and unconscious.
 Conscious level- present information
 Preconscious level (Subconscious)- retrievable information
 Unconscious level- hidden or repressed information
 The unconscious holds the vast majority of thoughts.
 E.g. slip of tongue- an evidence that a person has unconscious
 The act of repressing one’s thoughts, urges and instincts is a way to protect
oneself from anxiety
 Human behaviour results from the interaction of three provinces of the Mind: id,
ego and superego,
 Id (It)- Pleasure Man
 Ego (I)- Decision Maker
 Superego (over-I)- Moral Man
 A person with mature and healthy personality has a strong ego.

Defense Mechanism

 Defense mechanisms are coping strategies to avoid unpleasant feelings like


fear and guilt.
 Defense mechanisms are forms of denial that teach us not to be true to our
feelings and deceive ourselves that we can endure pain.
 Freud’ theory suggests that an individual is capable to cope with the challenges of
life by having balance in making decisions and handling challenges.

II. …according to Alfred Adler?

 People strive either for success or superiority.


 The feeling of inferiority motivates to strive for success or personal superiority.
 Positive: Striving for success seeks success for all of humanity.
 Those people who are motivated to strive for success have a high “social interest”.
 Social interest was term for “community feeling” or “a feeling of oneness with
humanity”.
 Lack of social interest is a result of pampered (dependent) and neglected
(isolated) style of life.
 With these two issues, a person is hampered to deal with challenges.
 Adler came up with safeguarding tendencies that protect against anxiety, of which
excuses and aggression are two common types (Feist et al., 2013).
 Adler believed that people create a pattern of behaviour to protect their
exaggerated sense of self-esteem and public disgrace.
 Safeguarding tendencies thus are the ways to get rid of the feeling of inferiority.
 “Excuses, aggression, and withdrawal are three common safeguarding tendencies,
each designed to protect a person's present style of life and to maintain a fictional,
elevated feeling of self-importance (Adler, 1964)”.1
 Safeguarding tendencies are somehow related to Freud’s defense mechanism. The
difference is that Freud’s defense mechanisms are part of the unconscious while
Adler’s safeguarding tendencies are on the conscious.
 The inferior feeling gives a person a crucial situation in dealing with challenges in
life. However, Adler believes that a sense of inferiority can be managed by
recognizing how other people encourage us to be strong in dealing with our
problems.
 Adler’s theory suggests that an individual can cope with the challenges in life by
having an altruistic attitude and establishing a good social relationship.

III. …according to Carl Jung?

 Carl Jung believed that a person conceived “built-in” characteristics inherited


from the past generations, and the environment plays a role on activating them.
 He theorized that it is the “personal unconscious” that rules one’s being.
 Personal unconscious- repressed experiences of an individual.
 Embracing personal unconscious leads to individuation or self-realization.
 Self-realization or individuation- a process of becoming whole and integrated
individual (self-actualization).
 Collective (transpersonal) unconscious – refers to the shared characteristics of
people inherited from the past generations, and these manifest in the archetypes.
 Archetypes – ancient images that originate from repeated experiences of man’s
early ancestors.

Archetype Description
Persona The revealed self
Shadow The concealed qualities
Anima The “feminine side” of men
Animus The “masculine side” of women
Self The conscious part of the self

 Jung’s theory suggests that an individual can overcome challenges in life by


becoming true to oneself.

1
https://www.flandershealth.us/personality-2/safeguarding-tendencies.html
Works Cited
Llaneza-Ramos, Maria Lourdes. Personal Development: A Journey to Self-Awakening. Quezon
City: C&E Publishing House, 2017.

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