SANDVIK 3R12
TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS
DATASHEET
Sandvik 3R12 is an austenitic stainless chromium-nickel steel with a low carbon content.
STANDARDS
– ASTM TP304L, TP304
– UNS S30403, S30400
– EN Number 1.4306, 1.4301
– W.Nr. 1.4306*, 1.4301*
– DIN X 2 CrNi 19 11*, X 5 CrNi 18 10*
– SS 2352*, 2333*
– AFNOR Z 2 CN 18.10*
– BS 304S31*, 304S11*
– JIS SUS304L, SUS304LTB, SUS304TP
Product standards
– ASTM A213, A269 and A312
– JIS G3459
– JIS G3463
– EN 10216-5
– BS 3605, 3606*
Datasheet updated 11/19/2015 8:48:55 AM (supersedes all previous editions)
– DIN 17456, 17458*
– NFA 49-117, 49-217
– SS 14 23 52, 14 23 33*
* Obsolete. Replaced by EN.
Approval
JIS approval for Stainless Steel Tubes
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (NOMINAL) %
C Si Mn P S Cr Ni
≤0.030 0.5 1.3 ≤0.030 ≤0.015 18.5 10
Subject to agreement, material with extra low Co content can be supplied.
FORMS OF SUPPLY
Seamless tube and pipe in Sandvik 3R12 is supplied in dimensions up to 260 mm (10.2 in.) outside diameter in
the solution-annealed and white-pickled condition or solution annealed by a bright-annealing process. U-bent
tubes can be supplied on request.
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
For tube and pipe with wall thickness greater than 10 mm (0.4 in.) the proof strength may fall short of the stated
value by about 10 MPa (1.4 ksi).
Metric units, at 20°C
Proof strength Tensile strength Elong. Hardness
R p0.2a) R p1.0a) Rm Ab) A2" HRB
MPa MPa MPa % %
≥210 ≥240 515-680 ≥45 ≥35 ≤90
Imperial units, at 68°F
Proof strength Tensile strength Elong. Hardness
R p0.2a) R p1.0a) Rm Ab) A2" HRB
ksi ksi ksi % %
≥30 ≥35 75-99 ≥44 ≥35 ≤90
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
a) Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 correspond to 0.2% offset and 1.0% offset yield strength, respectively.
b) Based on L0 = 5.65 √S0 where L0 is the original gauge length and S0 the original cross-section area.
Impact strength
Due to its austenitic microstructure, Sandvik 3R12 has very good impact strength, both at room temperature and
at cryogenic temperatures.
Tests have demonstrated that the grade fulfils the requirements according to the European standards EN
13445-2 (UFPV-2) ( (min. 60 J (44 ft-lb) at -270 oC (-455 oF)) and EN 10216-5 (min. 60 J (44 ft-lb) at -196 oC
(-320oF).
At high temperatures - metric units
Temperature Proof strength
R p0.2 R p1.0
°C MPa MPa
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50 ≥190 ≥215
100 ≥165 ≥190
150 ≥150 ≥175
200 ≥140 ≥165
250 ≥130 ≥155
300 ≥125 ≥150
350 ≥120 ≥145
400 ≥115 ≥140
450 ≥110 ≥135
500 ≥105 ≥130
550 ≥100 ≥125
At high temperatures - imperial units
Temperature Proof strength
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R p0.2 R p1.0
°F ksi ksi
200 ≥24 ≥28
400 ≥20 ≥24
600 ≥18 ≥22
800 ≥16 ≥20
1000 ≥15 ≥18
Creep-rupture strength (ISO-values)
Temperature 10 000 h 100 000 h
°C °F MPa ksi MPa ksi
550 1020 ≈195 ≈28.3 ≈115 ≈16.6
575 1065 ≈147 ≈21.3 ≈93 ≈13.5
600 1110 ≈122 ≈17.6 ≈74 ≈10.7
625 1155 ≈100 ≈14.5 ≈58 ≈8.4
650 1200 ≈79 ≈11.5 ≈45 ≈6.5
675 1245 ≈64 ≈9.2 ≈33 ≈4.8
700 1290 ≈48 ≈7.0 ≈23 ≈3.3
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density: 7.9 g/cm3, 0.29 lb/in3
Thermal conductivity
Temperature, °C W/m °C Temperature, °F Btu/ft h °F
20 15 68 8.5
100 16 200 9.5
200 18 400 10.5
300 20 600 12
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400 22 800 13
500 23 1000 14
600 25 1200 15
700 26 1300 15
Specific heat capacity
Temperature, °C J/kg °C Temperature, °F Btu/lb °F
20 475 68 0.11
100 500 200 0.12
200 530 400 0.13
300 560 600 0.13
400 580 800 0.14
500 600 1000 0.14
600 615 1200 0.15
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Specific heat capacity
Temperature, °C J/kg °C Temperature, °F Btu/lb °F
700 625 1300 0.15
Thermal expansion1 )
Temperature, °C Per °C Temperature, °F Per °F
30-100 16.5 86-200 9
30-200 17 86-400 9.5
30-300 17.5 86-600 10
30-400 18 86-800 10
30-500 18.5 86-1000 10
30-600 18.5 86-1200 10.5
30-700 19 86-1400 10.5
1) Mean values in temperature ranges (x10-6)
Modulus of elasticity1 )
Temperature, °C MPa Temperature, °F ksi
20 200 68 29.0
100 194 200 28.2
200 186 400 26.9
300 179 600 25.8
400 172 800 24.7
500 165 1000 23.5
1) Modulus of elasticity, (x103)
CORROSION RESISTANCE
General corrosion
Sandvik 3R12 has good resistance in
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– Organic acids at moderate temperatures
– Salt solutions, e.g. sulphates, sulphides and sulphites
– Caustic solutions at moderate temperatures
Sandvik 3R12 has better resistance than normal type ASTM TP304 to oxidizing agents, such as nitric acid. Figure
2 shows isocorrosion in nitric acid for Sandvik 3R12.
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Figure 2. Diagram showing isocorosion in nitric acid for Sandvik
3R12 at the corrosion rates of 0.1 mm/year (4mpy) and 0.3 mm/year
(12 mpy).
Intergranular corrosion
Sandvik 3R12 has a low carbon content and therefore better resistance to intergranular corrosion than steels of
type ASTM TP304.
The TTC-diagram, Figure 3, which shows the result of testing for 24 h in boiling Strauss solution (12% sulphuric
acid, 6% copper sulphate) confirms the superior resistance of Sandvik 3R12. This is an advantage in complicated
welding operations.
Datasheet updated 11/19/2015 8:48:55 AM (supersedes all previous editions)
The good resistance against intergranular attack of Sandvik 3R12 is also demonstrated in the Huey test (boiling in
65% nitric acid for 5x48 h). A maximum corrosion rate of 0.40 mm/year in the annealed condition and 0.60
mm/year in the sensitized (675°C (1275oF)) condition can be met.
Sandvik 3R12 with its controlled and low impurity level, shows better results than ordinary ASTM TP304L or
TP321.
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Figure 3. TTC-diagram for Sandvik 3R12 (AISI 304L) and AISI 304.
Pitting and crevice corrosion
The steel may be sensitive to pitting and crevice corrosion even in solutions of relatively low chloride content.
Molybdenum-alloyed steels have better resistance improves with increasing molybdenum content.
Stress corrosion cracking
Austenitic steels are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). This may occur at temperatures above
about 60°C (140°F) if the steel is subjected to tensile stresses and at the same time comes into contact with
certain solutions, particularly those containing chlorides. Such service conditions should therefore be avoided.
Conditions when plants are shut down must also be considered, as the condensates which are then formed can
develop conditions that leads to both stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and pitting.
In applications demanding high resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) we recommend the duplex
(austenitic-ferritic) steel Sandvik SAF 2304.
Gas corrosion
Datasheet updated 11/19/2015 8:48:55 AM (supersedes all previous editions)
Sandvik 3R12 can be used in:
– Air up to 850°C (1560°F)
– Steam up to 750°C (1380°F)
– Synthesis gas (ammonia synthesis) up to about 550°C (1020°F).
Creep behaviour should also be taken into account when using the Sandvik 3R12 in the creep range.
In flue gases containing sulphur, the corrosion resistance is reduced. In such environments the steel can be
used at temperatures up to 600-750°C (1110-1380°F) depending on service conditions. Factors to consider are
whether the atmosphere is oxidizing or reducing, i.e. the oxygen content, and whether impurities such as sodium
and vanadium are present.
HEAT TREATMENT
Tubes in Sandvik 3R12 are normally delivered in heat treated condition. If additional heat treatment is needed
after further processing the following is recommended.
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Stress relieving
850-950°C (1560-1740°F), cooling in air.
Solution annealing
1000-1100°C (1830-2010°F), rapid cooling in air or water.
WELDING
The weldability of Sandvik 3R12 is good. Suitable welding methods are manual metal-arc welding with covered
electrodes and gas-shielded arc welding with the TIG and MIG methods as first choice. Preheating and post-weld
heat treatment are not normally necessary.
Since the material has low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion, welding must be carried out with a
low heat input and with welding plans well thought out in advance so that the deformation of the welded joint can
be kept under control. If, despite these precautions, it is foreseen that the residual stresses might impair the
function of the weldment, we recommend that the entire structure be stress relieved. See under 'Heat
treatment'.
As filler material for gas-shielded arc welding we recommend wire electrodes and rods Sandvik 19.9.L or Sandvik
19.9.LSi. In manual metal-arc welding covered electrodes Sandvik 19.9.LR or Sandvik 19.9.LRHD are
recommended. If flux cored arc welding is preferred, electrodes Sandvik 19.9.LT or Sandvik 19.9.LVT should be
used.
BENDING
Annealing after cold bending is not normally necessary, but this point must be decided with regard to the degree
of bending and the operating conditions. Heat treatment, if any, should take the form of stress relieving or
solution annealing, see under 'Heat treatment'.
Hot bending is carried out at 1100-850°C (2010-1560°F) and should be followed by solution annealing.
APPLICATIONS
Sandvik 3R12 is used for a wide range of industrial applications. Typical examples are: heat exchangers,
condensers, pipelines, cooling and heating coils in the chemical, petrochemical, fertilizer, pulp and paper and
nuclear power industries, as well as in the production of pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages.
Datasheet updated 11/19/2015 8:48:55 AM (supersedes all previous editions)
Disclaimer: Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed
only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without
notice. This datasheet is only valid for Sandvik materials.
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