Vishal Bhagia (V24) INTRAFN WEEKLY EXERCISES
EXERCISE I
TRUE or FALSE. If the statement is correct write TRUE on your answer sheet. If the
statement incorrect write FALSE on your answer sheet. EXPLAIN WHY ANSWER IS
TRUE OR FALSE.
1. Kung ang hangganan sa produksyon ng bansang A sa payak na modelo ni Ricardo ay
ipinakikita ng Y = 400 0.75 X at ang relatibong presyo sa bilihang bilihang
internasyonal ay (Px/Py)w = 0.85, ang bansang A ay lubusang magpapakadalubhasa
sa produktong X.
If the production possibilities frontier of country A in simple Ricardian model is
shown by Y = 400 0.75 X and the international price is (Px/Py) = 0.85, country A
will fully specialize in product X.
TRUE. The limit in a country’s production may be written as Y =L/a y −( a x /a y ) X ,
where Y is the production of product Y, a x and a y are the units of labor
required to produce 1 unit of product X and Y, respectively, and L is the number of
labor units employed. From this, we can derive the marginal rate of transformation by
getting the negative of the derivative and we obtain (a x /a y ) . In
perfect competition, the Marginal Cost must equal the Average Cost and this shall also
ax p
equal the Price – therefore, optimal level of production is obtained when
ay ( )( )
= x .
py
In this scenario where Y ¿ 400−0.75 X and the international price is 0.85, Country A’s
relative price is given by 0.75. Since the relative price of Country A, 0.75, is not equal to
px p
the relative prices of the World, 0.85, there is incentive to specialize. If < x
py A py W ( ) ( )
,
then Country A will specialize in product X, and vice versa. Therefore, since
px p
( )
py A ( )
=0.75< x =0.85 , Country A will specialize in the production of product X.
py W
2. Ang mga benepisyo sa produksyon sa kalakalan ay nagmumula sa malawak na
pagkonsumo bunga ng pagbubukas ng bansa sa kalakalang internasyonal.
The production gains from trade emanate from expanded consumption as a result of
opening of the country to international trade.
FALSE. The production gains from opening the State to trade arise from the
restructuring of production. Allowing a country to trade leads to a more efficient usage of
productive inputs, and an increased level of production and income. As a result,
consumption expands – hence, the production gains do not emanate from expanded
consumption but rather it leads to this.
3. Kung ang relatibong presyo sa bansang A ay Px/Py = 2.5 at ang relatibong presyo sa
bansang B ay Px/Py = 1.5, samantalang ang internasyonal na presyong palitan ay
(Px/Py)w = 1.85, ang malaking benepisyo ng kalakalan ay makukuha ng bansang A.
If the relative price in country A is Px/Py = 2.5 and the relative price in country B is
Px/Py = 1.5, while the international terms of trade is Px/Py = 1.85, a larger portion
of the gains from trade will accrue to country A.
TRUE. The international terms of trade are set by 2 parties that wish to trade the same
px
product at a set price. Therefore, the country that has its relative price, ( )
py
,
“farthest” from the set international terms of trade will accrue more of the benefits. In this
scenario, Country A accrues a greater portion of the gains because its relative price is 2.5
while the terms of trade are 1.85 – allowing him to obtain products at a massively
cheaper cost. On the other hand, Country B produces at a relative price of 1.5 and the
terms of trade provide it a small margin of gains.
4. Ang hugis ng hangganan sa produksyon sa isang relasyon sa produksyon na may
espesipikong sangkap ay concave mula sa simula dahil ang lumilipat na sangkap sa
pagitan ng mga industriya ay nagdudulot ng papataas na karagdagang gastos.
The shape of the production possibilities frontier in a production function with
specific factor is concave from the origin is a result of an increasing marginal cost
brought about by the mobile productive factor.
TRUE. The PPF is concave from the origin as a result of an increasing marginal cost,
resulting from the law of diminishing marginal productivity. This is, in turn, brought
about by the mobile productive factor.
1. Kung ang relatibong presyo sa bansang A ay Px/Py = 2.0 at ang relatibong presyo sa
bansang B ay Px/Py = 1.50, samantalang ang internasyonal na relatibong presyo ng
palitan ay (Px/Py)w = 1.0, hindi magkakaroon ng kalakalan sa pagitan ng dalawang
bansa.
If the relative price in country A is Px/Py = 2.0 and the relative price in country B is
Px/Py = 1.50, while the international terms of trade is (Px/Py)w = 1.0, there will be
no trade between the two countries.
TRUE. For trade to exist between two countries, it must be that both will accrue benefits,
albeit one benefits more over the other. This is the case set in number 3 of this exercise.
However, crucial to the existence between two countries is the international terms of
trade being set between the relative prices of the 2 countries – the terms of trade must be
in the range of values between 2.0 and 1.5. Therefore, since the international terms of
trade is set at 1.0 , this is significantly not within the range of 2.0 and 1.5. Therefore,
there is no incentive for both countries to trade with each other.
2. Kung ang internasyonal na presyo ng palitan ay (Px/Py)w = 2.0 at ang karagdagang
bilis ng sabstitusyon sa bansang A ay MUx/MUy = 1.5 , hindi episyente ang
pagkonsumo sa bansang A dahil lumalabis ang pagkonsumo nito ng produktong X.
If the international terms of trade is (Px/Py)w = 2.0 and the marginal rate of
substitution of country A is MUx/MUy = 1.5, consumption is inefficient in country
A because there is an overconsumption of product X.
TRUE. The goal of optimal consumption in obtaining the highest level of utility with a
MU x p
fixed international price is obtained when MRS= ( )( )
MU y
= x
py W
. Thus, in the given
MU x
scenario, the consumption is inefficient. Here, since we have
MU y ( )
=1.5 <
px
2.0= ( )
py
, then there is an overconsumption of product X.
3. Kung ang MRT ng bansang A sa neoklasikal na modelo ng kalakalang internasyonal
ay MCx/MCy = 4.77 at ang internasyonal na relatibong presyo ng palitan ay
(Px/Py)w = 5.0, ang bansa A magdaragdag ng produksyon ng produktong X upang
maging episyente at ang MRT nito ay tataas.
If the MRT of country A in a neoclassical model of international trade is MCx/MCy
= 4.77 and the international terms of trade is (Px/Py)w = 5.0, to be efficient country
A will increase its production of product X and its MRT will increase.
MC x p
TRUE. Country A will be efficient only when MRT = ( )( )
MC y
= x
py W
. Since this
example shows this equality not holding, such that the MRT is less than the international
terms of trade, Country A must increase its production in order to increase its MRT. This
will allow the MRT to equal the international terms of trade and therefore produce at the
optimal level as well.
4. Kung ang Progressland ay magbabawas ng iniaalay na eksports sa presyo ng palitan
(Px/Pm)p = 3.5, ang presyo ng kanyang eksport ay tataas at ang bagong presyo ng
palitan ng Progressland ay maaaring maging (Px/Pm)p = 3.75.
If Progressland lowers its exports at terms of trade (Px/Pm)p = 3.5, the price of its
exports will increase and the new terms of trade in Progressland may reach (Px/Pm)p
= 3.75.
TRUE. As Progressland lowers its exports, the value of the exports increase as a result of
a decrease in its supply, holding the demand constant. With the lowering of exports,
domestic income shall decrease and consequently reduce Progressland’s demand for
imports. Thus, the terms of trade shall increase.
5. Sa isang bansang nagproprodyus ng tela at bigas, ang isinakripisyong halaga ng tela
ay ang dagdag na produksyon ng bigas.
In an economy that produces cloth and rice, the opportunity cost of cloth is the
increase in the production of rice.
TRUE. Opportunity cost is defined as the benefits foregone when choosing one
alternative over the other. Therefore, in a country that produces both rice and cloth,
the opportunity cost of producing cloth would be the possible increase in the
production of rice had the inputs been used in producing rice. However, in terms of
assessing whether such an alternative is better, you must also analyze the cost it may
have incurred in producing the other alternative.
6. Kapag ang MRTS = 270 sa pagitan ng L at K samantalang ang relatibong presyo ng
mga produktibong sangkap ay Pl/Pk = 200, hindi optimal ang paggamit ng mga
sangkap dahil sumosobra ang paggamit ng paggawa.
When the MRTS = 270 between L and K while the relative price of productive
inputs is Pl/Pk = 200, the use of resources is not optimal because there is an over
employment of labor.
FALSE. The optimal condition is obtained when the Marginal Rate of Technical
pl
Substitution (MRTS) is equal to the relative prices of labor and capital
pk
. ( )
However, in this situation the 2 do not equate and therefore there is an inefficient
pl
utilization of both production inputs – ( )pk
. Given this, there is an overemployment
of capital and an underemployment of labor such that the last peso spent on labor brings a
higher change in output.