Foundation of Special &

Inclusive Education
Mitchell L. Mamites
REQUIREMENTS:
➢ Midterm-
Make a Portfolio
• Portfolio: (Short bond paper, Times New Roman 12”, 1” margin, 1.5”
spacing)
• Using a graphic organizer, illustrate the history of special education in the
Philippines
• Clippings of stories and articles from newspaper, internet, or even from
magazines about people with disabilities who became successful by going
to school or in any field.
• - 5 stories or articles (dated 1995-present)
• - personal reflection for each story
• - One article with reflection is to be submitted on a weekly basis
REFLECTION
• Answer the following in the reflection in each article:
• 1. How has the story impacted the community?
• 2. How can the featured story help you as an educator?
• 3. In what way can the story be different if the person is not
differently able?
1902 (American Regime)- first proposal
1907- Special Education Program formally started
1907- establishment of the Insular School for
the Deaf and Blind in Manila
• Director of Public Education
paved way to the first school for
deaf and blind
• At present, School for the Deaf is
at Harrison St., Pasay City
• Philippine National School for
the blind is also in Pasay City
 1936 1945 1949
1926
Philippine School for the National Quezon City
Association Deaf and Orthopedic Science High
for the Deaf Blind was Hospital School was
(PAD) was founded opened its inaugurated
founded * Mrs. Maria School for - Philippine
Villa Crippled Foundation
Francisco- Children for the
first Principal Rehabilitation
of the
Disabled was
organized
1953 1955 1956 1957

• Elsie Gaches • First Parent • First • The Bureau

Village was Teacher Summer of Public
established Work Institute on Schools of
(Orphans, Conference Teaching the the
abandoned in Special Deaf Department
children, Education of Education
children and Culture
with created the
physical and Special
mental Education
handicaps) Section of
the Special
subjects and
Services
Division
 Legal Bases of Special Education
• 1935 Commonwealth Act 3203
• Articles 356 and 259: - “ the right of every child to live in an atmosphere conducive
to his physical, morala nd intellectual development”
- “To promote the full groth of the faculties of every child”

• (1963) RA 3562 – An Act To Promote The Education Of The Blind In The Philippines

• (1968) RA 5250- An Act Establishing A Ten-Year Training Program For Teachers Of

Special And Exceptional Children In The Philippines And Authorizing The
Appropriation Of Funds Thereof.
 Legal Bases of Special Education
(1973 Constitution) Section8, Article XV- the provision of “a complete, adequate,
and integrated system of educational relevance to the goal of national
development”
• (1975) PD 603- The Child and Youth Welfare code was enacted
- Article 1. Declaration of Policy. - The Child is one of the most important assets of the
nation. Every effort should be exerted to promote his welfare and enhance his
opportunities for a useful and happy life.
• Art. 74. Special Classes. - Where needs warrants, there shall be at least special
classes in every province, and, if possible, special schools for the physically
handicapped, the mentally retarded, the emotionally disturbed, and the specially
gifted. The private sector shall be given all the necessary inducement and
encouragement to establish such classes or schools.
 Legal Bases of Special Education
(1978) PD 1509- National Commission on Disabled Person was created
- renamed as National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Person

(1982) Batas Pambansa 232 or Education Act of 1982- An act providing for the
establishment and maintenance of an integrated system of education
• - “The State shall promote the right of every individual to relevant quality
education, regardless of sex, age, creed, socio-economic status, physical and
mental conditions, racial or ethnic origin, political or other affiliation. The State
shall therefore promote and maintain equality of access to education as well as
the enjoyment of the benefits of education by all its citizens.”
 Legal Bases of Special Education
(1983) Batas Pambansa 344- The Accessibility Law
- An Act to enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons
(1992) RA 7610 – An Act Providing for Strong Deterrence and Special Protection Against
Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination, Providing Penalties for its Violation and
Other Purposes”

(2004) RA 9288- The Newborn Screening Act of 2004

(1999) RA 7277- An Act Providing For The Rehabilitation, Self-Development And Self-
Reliance Of Disabled Person And Their Integration Into The Mainstream Of Society And
For Other Purposes.
- Magna Carta for Disabled Person
Excerpt fr0m RA 7277
• (d). The State also recognizes the role of the private sector in promoting
the welfare of disabled persons and shall encourage partnership in
programs that address their needs and concerns.
• (e). To facilitate integration of disabled persons into the mainstream of
society, the State shall advocate for and encourage respect for disabled
persons. The State shall exert all efforts to remove all social, cultural,
economic, environmental and attitudinal barriers that
• are prejudicial to disabled persons.
• SECTION 3. Coverage This Act shall covers all disabled persons and, to
the extend herein provided, departments, offices and agencies of the
National Government or non-government organization involved in the
attainment of the objectives of this Act.
 SECTION 4. Definition of Terms For
purposes of this Act, these terms are defined
as follows:
(a). Disabled Persons are those suffering from restriction of different abilities, as a result
of a mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or
within the range considered normal for a human being;
(b). Impairment is any loss, diminution or aberration of psychological, physiological, or
anatomical structure of function;
(c). Disability shall mean (1) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits
one or more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of an individual or
activities of such individual; (2) a record of such an impairment; or (3) being regarded as
having such an impairment;
 SECTION 4. Definition of Terms For
purposes of this Act, these terms are defined
as follows:
(d). Handicap refers to a disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or
a disability, that limits or prevents the functions or activity, that is considered normal given the
age and sex of the individual;
(e). Rehabilitation is an integrated approach to physical, social, cultural, spiritual, educational
and vocational measures that create conditions for the individual to attain the highest possible
level of functional ability;
(f). Social Barriers refer to the characteristics of institutions, whether legal, economic,
cultural, recreational or other, any human group, community, or society which limit the fullest
possible participation of disabled persons in the life of the group. Social barriers include negative
attitudes which tends to single out and exclude disabled persons and which distort roles and
interpersonal relationship;
RA 7277 – Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
• An act providing for the rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance of disabled persons and
their integration into the mainstream of society and for other purposes
• rights and privileges of disabled persons:
• equal opportunity for employment
• access to quality education
• National Health Program
• Auxiliary Social Services
• Telecommunications
• Accessibility ( barrier-free environment)
• Political and civil rights
Students with Additional Needs
❑ It is also envisioned that the child with special education
needs will get full parental and community support for
his/her education without discrimination of any kind.

This special child should also be provided with a healthy

environment along with leisure and recreation and social
security measures.
POLICY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

• The policy on Inclusive Education for All is adopted

in the Philippines to accelerate access to education
among children and youth with special needs.
• Inclusive education forms an integral component of
the overall educational system that is committed to
an appropriate education for all children and youth
with special needs.
GOAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
✓ to provide children with special needs appropriate
educational services within the mainstream of basic
education. It includes the…
a. development of key strategies on legislation
b. human resource development
c. family involvement
d. active participation of government and non
government organizations
SPECIAL EDUCATION AIMS TO:
1. Provide a flexible and individualized support
system for children and youth with special needs
in a regular class environment in schools nearest
the students’ home,
2. Provide support services, vocational programs and
work training, employment opportunities for
efficient community participation and
independent living,
3. Implement a life-long curriculum to include early
intervention and parent education, basic education and
transition programs on vocational training or preparation for
college, and
4. Make available an array of educational programs and
services: the Special Education Center built on “a school
within a school concept” as the resource center for children
and youth with special needs; inclusive education in regular
schools, special and residential schools, homebound
instruction, hospital instruction and community-based
programs; alternative modes of service delivery to reach the
disadvantaged children in far-flung towns, depressed areas
and underserved barangays
The World Health Organization (1980) determined the following
definitions, which have been generally accepted throughout the
world:
Impairment- an abnormality in the way organs or systems function
e.g., a medical condition, eye disease, a heart problem

disability- the functional consequence of an impairment e.g., an

intellectual disability due to brain impairment; low vision; deafness

handicap- the social or environmental consequence of a disability

e.g., a person with a wheelchair is not handicapped when paths
and buildings are wheelchair accessible
Use of Language when talking about
disability
Avoid expression/words such as Use…
The cerebral palsied People with cerebral palsy
The deaf/deaf People who are deaf/hard of
hearing/hearing impaired/
speech impaired
Epileptics People with epilepsy
The handicapped People with disabilities/
differently abled
His handicap is… His disability is…
The disabled People with disabilities
A blind man/ A man who is blind
a victim of blindness/ visually or vision impaired
Blind
Mental retardation/ Intellectual disability/
mentally retarded developmental disabled
He is crippled/cripple He has a physical
disability/physical disabled
He suffers from He has Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome
She is wheelchair bound She uses a wheelchair
Lame/Paralytic Walks with a cane/uses
crutches
REFERENCES
• http://adpi-mpc.tripod.com/id20.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtRY_1mZWWg
• https://prezi.com/g6otunbtjgx-/history-of-special-education-in-the-
philippines/