MATSAPHA POLICE ACADEMY
FIRST SEMESTER MAIN EXAMINATION PAPER, NOVEMBER
2019
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
DEPARTMENT OF POLICE SCIENCE
COURSE CODE:DPS111
(MARKING GUIDE)
TITLE OF PAPER: REANDS AND ISSUES IN POLICING
TIME ALLOWED: 2HRS
Instructions
Answer all questions
Special Requirements
None
Additional Material (s)
None
Candidates may complete the front cover of their answer book when instructed by the Chief
Invigilator and sign their examination attendance cards but must NOT write anything else until
the start of the examination period is announced.
No electronic devices capable of storing and retrieving text, including electronic dictionaries
and any form of foreign material may be used while in the examination room.
DO NOT turn examination paper over until instructed to do so.
Question 1
Discuss the Community Problem Solving era in evolution of policing in terms of
the following categories
(a) Authority and legitimacy ( 5)
Answers
Community support
Law
professionalism
(b) External relationship (5)
Answers :
* Consultative
* Intimate relationship between police and the Public
* Intimate relationship between the police and the community
* Police defend values and professionalism
* But listen to community
* Provide social assistance to the public
© organizational Design (5)
Answers:
* Decentralized
* Task forces
*specialized units
* Matrices
(d) Tactical Technological expertise (5)
Answers:
Foot patrol
Problem Solving
Question 2
Discuss any two of the elements of Community Policing listed below.
(a) Community Involvement (10)
Answers:
* The Community knows their problems and thus the solutions rest with them too.
* The members of the Community are co-producers of safety
* Rebuilding trust as an important part of community involvement
* Police Legitimacy
* Public assist the police in their mandate
(b) Problem Solving (10)
Answers
Training Police officers on identification of the Problem and analyzing the
Problem
Some problems require cooperation with other stakeholders in the
identification phase
Examination of patterns of incidents to reveal the real cause to help plan for
proactive actions
Solutions for community problems may involve other non-police agencies
© Decentralization (10)
Answers:
Create flexibility in decision making at customer contact level
Empowerment of junior officers with discretional powers on investigation
issues
Decentralization of resources
Street level Police officer’s autonomy in general problem solving
Question 3
Using the SARA Model explain the procedures for Problem Oriented Policing .
(25)
Answers
SARA MODEL
(i) Scanning –
* involves identification of problems that worth looking at because they are being
important and amenable to solutions.
* Scanning should be done at street level where crime and disorder happens.
* Police may reply on officers’ informal knowledge of the community, through
consultations with other stakeholders or even examining citizens calls for services.
(ii) Analysis –
*The Police officers to analyse causes of Problems behind a string of Crime
incidents or substantive community concern.
* Crime Hot spots - Police have to find the affected places and times frequently
affected by these crimes.
*High-activity crime places tend to have multiple problems and problems at crime
places can be quite complex and involved.
* Problematic place often have relevant characteristics eg Drug selling street is
likely to have abandoned houses and Trash-strewn streets
(iii) Responses –
*Police officers confront the challenge of developing plausibly effective responses.
* Effective responses often depend on getting other people to take actions that
reduce opportunity for criminal offending
*or to mobilise social control to drive offenders away from the affected locations.
*Responses may include; repeat foot and car patrol, dispersing groups loiterers
,issuing summons for public drinking, stop and frisks of suspicious persons etc.
(iv) Assessment –
* Assessment is important for at least two different reasons. * First is to ensure
that Police remain accountable for their performance and for their use of
resources
*Second reason assessment is important is to allow police to Learn about what
methods are effective in dealing with particular problems.
Question 4
Answer
Criminal
environment
Interpret Impact
Intelligence Unit Influence
Decision makers
(a) The intelligence unit interpret the occurrences at the environment. Precise
information about the criminal environment is derived from Patrolling officers note
books, citizens out cry for police help at the beat and volume of in coming calls
for services
(b) the intelligence Unit then process the data to information, which after analysis
becomes intelligence then convey it to the relevant decision maker
© Decision maker then impact on the criminal environment this way :
(i) Station Commander – raids and other operations
(ii) Desk Officer – Arrest
(iii) Crime prevention Officer – Crime prevention awareness campaigns
Question 5
Discuss the Five (5) Benefits of Using technology in Police operations and
administration
Answers:
(a) Technology enhances proper records keeping
(b) Police can create e-dockets that can be easy to locate even under duress.
© Traffic accidents can be reduced and easy solved with CCTV on the roads
especially the highways
(d) The public can use the social Media to conveniently report any incident to the
Police that is pertinent to their operations.
(e) Installation of CCTV in the busy cities can help in dictating crimes in motion in
those cities
