MUNTINLUPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – TUNASAN ANNEX 1

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the background of the study, the statement of the

problem, scope and limitation of the study, the significance of the study, and the

definition of terms used in the entire study.

Introduction

this is a general introduction to the topical area. It is a general, broad statement

that provides an overview of the area involving your study. Guiding questions for

this area are:

• Why is this an important area?

• What has been the historical development of the topic?

• Are there different points of view about the topic?

• Have there been significant investigations, studies, or reports concerning the

topical area?

• What is the current status of the area of your interest?

• What are the major outstanding concerns in the general area?

Background of the Study

this section provides you with an opportunity to tell the reader the overall purpose

of your study. For a thesis, include research questions to be answered and/or

hypotheses. Guiding questions are:

• Is the question directly related to the review of the literature?

• Does the question help clarify the problem statement?

• Does the question project a bias?

• Is it possible to misinterpret the question?

• Is the objective specific and clearly stated?

• Is the objective directly related to the review of the literature?

• Is each hypothesis clearly stated?

• Are the hypotheses testable?

Statement of the Problem

since the introduction has given a broad, general background to the study, this

should be very specific in nature. The statement of the problem might begin with

the words, "The problem of the study is...." or "This study will address the problem

of..." Guiding questions for this area are:

• Does the problem pose significance for education?

• Will the problem present data that explains previously unexplained facts?

• Will the problem serve as a point of departure for the study?

Scope and Limitation

Limitation - these are constraints to the study that are beyond your control but that

may influence the data. Limitations may emerge at any time during your study.

Significance of the Study

this section provides answers as to what the study will contribute. It should

specifically state the value of the study. Why is this study important?

Definition of Terms

be sure that important terms and concepts used in the study are adequately

analyzed and defined. Assign a precise meaning to commonplace words of

importance.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This is a vital part of the proposal that you present to your committee. It is

evidence that you are thoroughly knowledgeable about the research that has

been conducted in the area of your proposed investigation. It becomes the basis

for your study. The review is a careful examination of a body of literature

pointing toward the answer to the problem of your study. It is essential to

discover what is already known about your topic/area. Guiding questions are:

• What is known about my subject?

• Are there any gaps of knowledge of my subject?

• Have these gaps been identified by other researchers or professionals in the

field?

• Is there a consensus on relevant issues or is there significant debate?

• What are the various positions?

• What direction should my study take based on my review of the literature?

Introduction

give the reader a description of the procedure you used in conducting your

review of the literature. What databases were used in the review? Tell how the
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chapter will be organized, e.g. topically?, chronologically?, historically?, etc.

What sections will be included in the chapter? Subsequent Sections

Foreign Literature

Local Literature

Foreign Studies

Local Studies

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The purpose of this chapter is to provide, in detail, clear and understandable

statements describing EVERY STEP you will take in carrying out your study.

Research Design - let the reader know the type of design you are using and

why that research design was chosen.

Research Design

Population, Sample, and Sampling Technique

carefully identify the sample and describe in detail the manner in which it was

chosen. Naturally, if you are including all possible subjects, you are dealing

with a population. In this case, you describe the characteristics of the

population.

Instrumentation

identify each instrument you will use to measure the variables in your study.

There should be a separate subsection for each instrument. Information should

be provided regarding the development of the instrument, the history of its

use, data regarding its validity and reliability, data regarding how the

instrument is administered and scored and anything else that will give insight
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into its appropriateness. Additionally, provide a rationale for the selection of

your instruments. Generally, a copy of the instrument should be included in

the appendix (for the proposal and the final thesis). If you are conducting

qualitative inquiry, explain your data collection procedures.

Data Gathering Procedure

describe each and every step taken to do your study. It is a type of "road map"

that others must follow if they choose to replicate your study. Include the steps

you took to contact the population/sample in your study, how you obtained

their cooperation, how the instruments(s) were administered, how the data

was handled as it was returned, how follow-ups were handled, etc. Copies of

all letters, instruction sheets, etc. should be placed in the appendices.

Guiding questions:

• Is the sample adequate in kind and number?

• Is the sample appropriate for the purpose of the study?

• Is the sample sufficiently representative of the population to permit you to

generalize the findings?

Statistical Treatment of Data

discuss how the data will be analyzed and include any statistical treatments.
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CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Introduction
tell the reader how you have organized the findings. Typically, you would

organize them around your study's research questions or hypotheses. There

should be an analysis of each section and tables/charts included.

Interpretation & Discussion

implications. Guiding questions:

• Have you provided an overview of the significant findings of the study?

• Have you discussed the findings and compared them to existing research

studies?

• Have you presented implications of the study for education?

• Have you discussed the applications of your findings?

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Introduction

Summary of Findings

this is an overview of the study and not a summary of your findings. Restate

the problem, research questions, hypotheses and a short summary of the

procedures you followed in conducting your study.

Conclusions

these are the conclusions you draw from your findings. Number the

conclusions. The conclusions must relate directly to the findings.

Recommendations

these should be based on the conclusions. Number the Recommendations.

Guiding questions are:

• Are the summary, conclusions and recommendations concisely and precisely

stated?

• Are the conclusions and recommendations justified by the data gathered?

• Does the study suggest related problems that need to be investigated?