| American Inside Out. Evolution xe uls | Uae VAUGHAN JONES AMANDA JEFFRIES BPN Stel u fe Sale ss)Page 8 Page 18 Page 28 Page 50 Page 60 Page 70 1 Conversation ‘conversations Different conversation styles Eavesdropping 2 Taste Restaurant reviews Good taste 3 city citi world City attractions Dangers in the city of the Review A 4 Story Biographies Stories Deception 5 Bargain Spending habits Economizing Bargaining and haggling 6 Mina ‘The brain Brain power Pet psychology Review 8 Nee ta Etc {@ Poston of adverbs Perc Co aa aL Se peope taking aout conversations © Dsussing perspective of caret (© Aorta orl te EDO ting sn cma ct Language fe Life O2eni Life kil: Communiation @ tyouwereatoos... © People aking about food snsocited with © Food associations Aneedete sting out @ Reviews La Etre oe M © Conversation abou Wore bling. ems wth Language for Life: Aare Life Seite Social his Q tis of ne word ae : © Deseriing cies. Eomparing two posters @ Two people aking about te city where Descrting tourist spots Language for Life: Ang Lie Sis: Cutoral Awareness © Siewora fe sores © The tture os seen tom @ ‘Deception and let @ Humor seroserenins . © Extra escape tae Deception ad bee Life Skills: Communication © Spencing and svn © Monersaving ts ecnomizng Dscusing © Mores (© 5h people taking about tne shnsing MIO Wweting ancns © Two pecs tating about fer experiences @ Wek forms of common {anguage fr tite: Negating, nag, Lite Shls: Sustanable Development Fe peo cing eres 10 Pages 70, 7k Grammar /Vocabulaty/ Pronunciation review aeeUe ames aL) 7 Digital ecu {@ ‘Bring onthe Demise ofthe Sm ea acs © future woriss Page 82 8 The law © Crimes and their Crime and {Cases and aper punishment © punishments BO writing an essay Carbont @ Litestyle quiz risers 8 Renown gm The Homeless Guiity feelings Page 134 Review D ‘Aéaiional material page 135 + Grammar Extra page 2 ‘Audioserit page 54 © One person deserting a new @ Beaty or rt, here AL comes! © Two peoole ona ado show ftking about » aadget Language for Life: cussing implications Lite Skil: Interpersonal Sls Tech ast @ Courtroom binders © Tiree people aking about crime © Sirpeople tating about appropiate punishments fr erimes © Acrinevictinand theetime rahi egal anecdote Language for Life: Expressing surprise or Lite skis: Communication ang Critical ‘Thinking Tren taking about @ ‘Sleep Patterns ~ Line Night and Day © A rosie show about sleep patterns @ How viet Da You Sleep? ree rand ang abou staying up all night @ The idniont sun © Ate to mach Plechy Language for Lite: Mokng and es toimtations Life Skis: Orgatzaton Tin i wo sides ofan argumen 3 people talking about eco este choles © Archaclogits Are Uncover without Leaving Foopent, @ One person ceseribing he hiking experience four people taking sou thar shoes @ Htneshoe rs © aninterview ih a shoe payehorogist for Lite: Persuasion and responding Lite Skil: Interpersonal Sls our Pas © Four peopie taking about naw words © The Decine of wring aguage tor Life Getting your point across Lite Skies Communication Exploring Words (© Sic people taking about giving money to people on the test Suite Sh © Two peopl tai Language for Lite Lite Shi: Soctl vidual So Pages 184,138: Grammar / Vocabulary / Pronunciation review ° ° ° 9 266 © eo Phonetic symbols & Speling page 74 + irregular verb ompound nouns, normal Extra cy ‘allocations Paraphrasing. 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As you listen, decide which question (a, b, o c) each person is answering. Did the people interviewed have similar opinions to those expressed by your class? 3 Complete the extracts from the speakers’ answers In Exercise 2. Use the words and collocations in the box, butt in fones on and on flows get across hog hunt ‘on the same wavelength something to say a It helps if there aren't ation all the time. the conw some people who sation that © no has a point that they want to during the c: ;mebody who just talks endlessly about various subjects. Some people don't care about whose turn itis to talk, so they just, you know, the middle of a thought. © Ws someb wersation, somebody with | really hate it when I'm with somebody who just _ in a conversation, and who doe chance to speak at al f You're and you can share the same tastes or experiences. That's really bad, when you're having to for things to say. Listen again and check. 4 Match the definitions (1-8) with the words and collocations in Exercise 3. 1 work hard to find 5 able to understand the way the ather person 2 join a conversation without bein thinks 3. dominate 6 explain or communicate an interesting point to make 7 continues in an easy, natural 8 talks for a long time in a very boring way '5 Work with your partner. Which words and collocations from Exercise 3 do you associate with .. an uncomfortable silenc 3. a successful conversation? ation where one person is dominating? SPEAKING Think about the last time you had a conversation in English outside the context of your English course. Work with your partner and discuss the questions. a Who were you talking to? Did you know t What did you talk about? How long did the © Were you happy with your English? 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(cea a a ae 2 Complete the sentences with words from the table in Exercise 2 a We need to find a way to i ity at the company. b To lead a better lif, it is important tov one’s diet and exercise regimen, One thing that gave me tremendous satisfaction was seeing my house built to my exact d One key to a> business is to have employees who share your vision. Unrelenting dedication to one’s craft is a___ advantage over competitors, fe een confsed ada ump vas never able to take ac Sy ipractical and 1 on ber witout discussing sy actions, ang Geacines, | alo thought he feedback and const ici it 3 were somehow munication workshops ft sounded tke ther waste of time to me, Tai that ical and prof ss forthe What we and whe tmosphere and productivity int doas ancl getting the whole te the projet. 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This Provides an activated wordlist and au bank of vocabulary LANGUAGE — FOR LIFE The Language for Life section gives you a rte toolkit younotice how language ‘ul {smare than jst form. You ise language in fun, engaging social situations, SoS a NER EBT UE SKILLS Developing lite skis alongsi tommeet the demands ofthe cont ‘American inside Out Evolution has a Life Skills section in every unit. ile Skil presents activities that require you to elect on and discuss the skills necessary fo social and work situation in today's world age sls isan essential requirement nporary world review There ae Review units inthe Student's nen srucures and Vocabulary taught in the previous teaching unis 5 ey review the 3 =a sas PRONUNCIATION ml ‘arf Pronunciation work on NT articular areas of sound, stress, and intonation is Integrated intoGea | curd Bupuin pus “yon UorepunuoNd ‘ujeud Guys 213x2 snidyo09 S]uApMS a4 ‘juod uew ay 18 o wala sepiosd yoopHon 24. ‘yun ayy wou Sanne pue saz 0 siaysue se 9 se sagyze wuowuled sap) BUR} [evaINppY UO}D9s 4, ec i | i j j oye ayn pe suoneverd papuaraapioxt reieye| ant yo0g sapnys ay jo eg ay, | iad ye sobed eypq seuus9 ay, ‘Vax UVHHVED — sis Aveuonpyp inasn ayououd day pu saninne aoqoeid payeyep pout day. 2a squan se1yd Joydeyeu‘suoe2oyoa Se yans sate eae ey aojdra sebed exp Kuynqe20n aus saavab jo AjaUea U Siys Ou weyodu dojatapsabed ery unLK au yun yoea yo pua au ye sabed e1y3 BUH ‘ay uy aus) sabed e713 fuemnqeoon, au,Work with a partner. Suzi is talking to her sister about Brian, Look at the adverblals ln bold and answer the questions. We stayed home, in coming tomorrow He never used to want to spend so much tiine by himeetf He said he wanted to do something tomorrow, but | don't believe hin, © He just sits on the couch and watches TV, © (ended up shouting dramatically and slamming the phone down like an | He came to see us. overgrown teenager. We meet every woek Frankly, I've had! enough, h adverbiat(s) .. describe(s) haw something is done? ee | Jescribe(s) how often something Is don: Tata at toe atiles every Jescriba(s) when something will happen? fight this week. describe(s) where something is done? Jeif handed in the add(s) emphasis? project on time with a fhuge sigh of rete, He spoke quickty. Frankly, I mever believe a wordhe says about “ Sane Look at this sentence and answer the questlons below. 2) ? (3) wit 4) In which position (1-4) would you normally add these adverblals to the sentenc & when she was younger in secret from time to time always only 1 probably What do you notice about the position of the one-word adverbiats? Make the sentence negative. How does this affect the position of the adverbials? Modify the sentence in Exercise 2 so that itis true for you. Add at least three adverblals. ” @ " 53) Compare your sentence with your partner. Look at the pairs of sentences below, The undertined adverbiats are in different positions, How does this change the meaning of the sentences? For example: 1 {and nat doing something else) {and not just sitting in the audience) | Honestly, {can't speak to her any more, 2 I can't speak to her honestly any mor b 1 Earlier, | wanted Rich to come to the meeting Twanted Rich to come to the meeting earlier 1 1 get into fights when in particularly mad. | get into fights, particularly when t'm mad. Write answers to these questions. Use at least five adverblats In your answers. Compare your answers with your partner. Who do you speak to most on a day-to-day basis? What do you talk about? page 142, Read the explanations and do Exercise 1.SPEAKING Underline the correct alternati to complete the definitions. Secretly listening to other people's conversations is called eavesdropping / overhearing, Accidentally hearing a conversation between other people is called eavesdropping / overhearing Work in small groups. Discuss the questions. In what kind of situation is it difficult not to overhes person's private conversation? How do you feel when this apps Describe t ard a conversation in a public Place. Who was talking? Did they notice (or mind) that you were listening to them Who would you tike st time you over vesdrop on? What do you imagine them saying? You are going to listen to two onversations. Listen and match t nversatt and b). Fe (and 2) to the pictures onversati What is the relationship between the they talking about? Work with a partner. Look at the sentences. Which conversation from Exercise 1 do you thin! refer to: 1, 2, or both? Work with your partner. Look at the audioscript for the second conversation on page 154. What do 1u think the other person was saying? Act out the complete conversation.GRAMMAR 1. Work with a partner. Complete the extracts from the conversation: Listening, Exercise 1, using the past participle or ~ing form of the verbs in the box. Perfect form hhave + past participle ‘You'll have received it by then. Progressive form be begin come complete finish get realize take talk wait (e2) work fete a Fd been 2 and! wand a Was" to think ne wasn't | B thought he might have =< caught up ef work or something temeeet. € There are two italian restaurants named Casa Mi, nd neither of us had | Rerlect progressive have + been + ing 4 We've been ont all week. He must hive bien e We've already {n-\" the initial plans. doing something fim sure we'll have it by then, important ‘9. You must have been to the wrong person, fh There must have |= some kind of misunderstanding 1 Hil be “4 care of it personally. You can be sure of that. 2 Work with your partner. Look at the sentences in Exercise 1. Find three examples of each of the verb forms (1-3). 1 aperfect verb form 2 a progressive verb form 3. aperfect progressive verb form 3. Work with your partner. Underline the correct form of the verb. 2 We'd waited / were waiting / ‘d been waiting for over half an hour by the time it finally arrived b We'll have finished / be finishing / have been finishing it by the end of the day. ¢ He must have put / be putting / have been putting some extra time in at work. He's usually here by I've already posted / 'm already posting / 've already been posting them on my website, @ We 've seen /‘re seeing / ‘ve been seeing each other for about six months. Sorry, | can't find it.I think | might have left / be leaving / have been leaving it at home! Can you pay this time? Thanks! Look at the words in italics, What do you think they refer to? 4 Work with your partner. Look at the pictures. Complete the thought bubbles with an appropriate form of the verb, as in the example. been Ox, mom inking aout | (18 forgotten 31 rye jst, MWe be tevin es Tye been call owe) at 3] gurtin (wt) it YL ee house Ye cat even get) (waiting for gst a, boat you, the mal ght non. $I the rent fe] Steed yet.-p]\ ite ® F ites. wile gh 5 Work in small groups. Discuss the questions. ‘@ When was the last time you had to make an excuse because you were late or had forgotten to do something? b What exactly did you say? ¢ Did the other person believe you?wuuuuduuuuddduug LANGUAGE FOR LIFE How to start a conversati How to start a conversation 1 Work with a partner, Read the tips on the right and answer the + Alun cae ne ance Do you think it's good advice? Is there anything you'd like to + Use a question to start th change or add? Conversion bit don mae What would you say in these situations, if you wanted to tee dee fa. start @ conversation with a person you don't know at a party? b introduce yourself to a new member of staff or a new student in your class? * Or pay the person you're talking + Better still comment on ‘something in your surroundings start a conversation with a friend you haven't seen for a long oa genuine compliment (for time? 2xample."Where did you get your 4. talk to the person standing next to you at the bus stop or at the Tahir? love it, check-out? + Tokeop the conversation going, 2 © Listen to the conversations (1-4). Match them with the 20 follow-up questions or situations (ad) In Exercise 1. Introduce a new topic. 3. Look at the four conversation openers. Do they follow the advice in the tip sheet in Exercise 17 ‘a Fancy meeting you here! How are things? b Excuse me. Do you know what Lime itis? wd Hi, you must be Ruben. I've heard a Jot about you. Great party, isn't it? Are the conversation openers similar to the ones you came up with in Exercise 1? 4 Match the responses (1-4) with the conversation ‘openers (a-d) in Exercise 3. 1 Hi, you must be Steve. 've too! 2 Hil How are you? You're looking great! r 3 Yes, it really is. [haven't been to their house before. it's really nice! jon't, sorry. But there’s a clock over there. heard alot about you, | 4 Listen to the conversations again. Which responses do you prefer, the ones above or the ones in the audioscript? Life Skills: Communication Creating Rapport What is rapport? How can we improve the chances of creating rapport? Look at some hints below. ‘© remember names listen carefully be prepared , ‘¢ ask open-ended questions and look for common ground o ocr nmr Danse ak artim avery important proact tat could mate or beak Your caeer, You willbe meeting the team members forte fist time and) want to ensure that everything goes smoothly. Come up with three ice-breaker topics ‘that would be safe and interesting, and three topics that you should avoid. Report back it tothe class and expan why you chose tose tpi. LIFE SKILLS te) wr |MULTIPLE MEANINGS AND USES OF TALK 1. Work with a partner. Look at the proverbs and answer the questions. One must talk little and listen much. (Atrican proverb) Those who know do not talk, those who talk do not know. (Turkish proverb) It's not the same to talk of bulls as to be in the bullring, (Spanish proverb) a What do they mean? b Which do you like best? © Do you know of any other proverbs about talking? tll? sk va he 2 Work with your partner. Look at the list below. It shows some 2 discs of the most common uses and forms of the word talk. Which Speco part of speech is used in each sentence: noun (countable or uncountable), verb, or adjective? - Vieja ‘small man was talking intently to the woman on is lef tty mother has talked of lite else since meeting you Oy Becca ‘The next stage will be talks between US and Russian leaders, sem a rata jeri {was aleady hearing talk about the merger ofthe two companies 2 eri tea He's quite a smooth talker, don't you think? SRE de clin lg eet He's not very talkative, but you certainly feet his presence. Shahan vaso : lic afar, She has become the talk ofthe town since her very In this brief talk T wil ask three key questions. We listened to Fred's hilarious talk about how to avoid becoming a n talking point was the threat of layoffs, ter the meeting You can talk! You never do any ex ‘ All that talk of food made me feel extremely hungy. were'sfesh talk ofa strike atthe car factory, = 3. Work with your partner. Look at the sentences in Exercise 2 ws again and answer these questions, F abt ci ‘a What does the talk of the town mean? And smooth talker? na ere bin what situation would you say You can talk!? Check your own dictionary. Look for other words formed with talk. talleastive oka «atv yes ta 4 Complete the sentences using one of the forms of talk. a Are there any international peace |" taking place right now? b_ Who's the most!" person you know? ‘© What's the main .< point among your friends these days? tallcing point lap sou 5 Work with your partner. Discuss the questions in Exercise 4.Sulla, art teacher se Time Brad, US Marne ‘anet, senior citizen SPEAKING 1 The people in the pictures (1-4) were asked "If you were a food, what food would you be?" Which of the four do you think gave each of the answers (a-d)? Why? a “Refried beans, because they're full of protein and good for you.” b “Cauliflower, because its flowery and intricate © “A bar of dark chocolate, because it's smooth and velvety like mel “Nuts, because they're tough but worth opening for what's inside! Check your answers on page 136. 2 If you were a food, what would you be? Why? Discuss your answer with a partner. LISTENING 1. Work in small groups. What Kind of food or drink would you associate with the following situations? Why? a. falling in love b waiting at a bus station © rainy days 4 summer @ the end of a long day f your grandmother's house 2 © 0 Listen to six people giving their answers to Exercise 1. Answer the questions for each person (1-6). a Which situation (a-f) are they talking about? b What food do they associate with that situatioi 2 Complete the descriptions of the foods you heard in Exercise 2. a b___coffee ape big bowis of f___ salad he © huge plates of t. 4 the b____gravy t 9 c__e__-¢__ cookies d___i__m_ s____ strawberries w_ some kind of m___ convenience food Listen again and check your answers.PRL On eee eerar a) eer aC) Deen ee etre Poca ee Peer sane d GRAMMAR 1. Read the descriptions (a-d) and decide which best fits the picture. 2 bitter Yending-machine coffee in a plastic cup the espresso coffee that you can get in a gas stat (©) a cup af strong, black coffee with two or three sugars hot, milky coffee steaming in a mug Which of the descriptions above is most similar to the coffee served in your country? 2. Look at the descriptions in Exercise 1 again. Find ... 1. the head: the main noun (it is the same for all the descriptions). i 2 an adjective. 3. anoun used as an adjective. 4. a prepositional phrase (preposition + noun phrase). 5 arelative clause. some coffee articiple clause. a cup of coffee Answer the questions. Deseribng noun pases ‘© Which parts of speech (2-6) are used before the head? fn enormous mug © Which are used after the head? | order of adjectives a tea /with a/ green / slice of lemon / a cup of b Greek / served / yogurt /creamy / with nuts and dried fruit © freshly n ing with maple syrup / a pile of / panca 4 two / of bacon / cooked to a crisp / rashers Do you ever have any of these things for breakfast? Write a complex noun phrase describing your favorite breakfast food. 4 Look at these descriptions. Which (if any) appeals most to you right now? Why? a a'slice of delicious home-made apple pie © a strong wake-me-up Italian espresso (Ba glass of refreshing, ice-cold lemon tea 5 Look at the adjectives in Exercise 4 and answer the questions. a Which adjectives describe 1 the basic ingredients or qualities (for example, the country it comes from)? 2 the ways it can be prepared or served (for example, fresh, frozen, home-made)?’ 3. the speaker's perso b What order are they inion? 6 Complete the menu descriptions with the words and phrases given. Which dish would you most like to try? a aselection of “cheeses (French / local / delicious) b_ abo! of ___ chowder (piping hot / clam / tasty) © half a dozen crayfish (freshwater / exquisite / grilled) dav pancake (buttery / mouth-watering / blueberry) 7 Work in small groups. Expand the sentence below as much as possible. You have three minutes. ‘The group with the longest and most coherent sentence wins. “page 142, Read the explanations and do Exercise 1READING 1. Read the introduction to a restaurant review and answer the questions. a. What kind of restaurant is It? What words would you use to describe it? b_ Why was the journey to the restaurant unusual? © Why do you think the writer liked it so much? @0e [efter ey tnt a) My firs culinary tour of Cube, nearly a decade ago, had not started very promisingly. Yes, there were lavish hotels catering to wealthy tourists, but by and large the fare was nothing spectacular. Th is, until [ shimbied tpon La Estrela del Mar. Ate foritonsly 7 inning ino a fellow write, 1 learied ofthis diamond in the Tough, tucked away just outside the city, Not knowing what ay in store for me, Tse out on my ow, trying to give ditectous to axi driver in my mudimentary Spanish After few won turns, winding roads, and one slop to get diretions, the han carved wooden sign inal came int view t's good thing to that the sign existed ~ otherwise one could casily have mistaken the restaurant for an old colonial house, With charming, Sponish-inspired architecture and « worn, weather-hesten lok, [was instal transported to & seen froma bygone er. Only the presence of a few outdoor tables gave any che that there was a restaueant within, Inmediately, 1 was greeted atthe daor by an elderly waiter, speaking impeccable, Formal English From there, T was usheted inside where the interior matched the exterior perfectly, with ld wooden furniture and elegant table cloths and settings. There were a Few other patrons, but I was whisked to my’ own private table on the balcony. I could make out the ocean in the distance, and the sound of eiekets was the perfect accompaniment Although somewhat Tinted in scope, the menu captured the essential local ‘avors. Starting with an incredibly fesh shrimp ceviche, I moved on toa Aelcious risotto made with local cheese, peppers, and cilantro. Finally | oun room for 8 Cuban coflee and unbelievable “res leches", a sponge cake topped with almonds. The rest of the men looked ually appetizing, and my one regret was tht [could no more, especially considering the very reasonable price. I was truly a meal I would not soon fone Years Iter, was closely following the news about th devastation of Huzricane Irma, and I decided to revisit the ‘country where I had made 3 many fod memories, I though, if could help, even ina small way, to bring back tourism, then it was the least I could do, OF course, return to Estrella del Mar was high 2 Work with a partner. Answer the questions. 2 [s this the type of restaurant you would enjoy eating at? Why / Why not? b_ What three changes would you make to the restaurant to make it better known? 3. You are going to read the rest of the review. Divide into two groups. Group A: read text A on page 21 and make notes about what changed in terms of .. 2 how wellknown the restaurant is. b the journey to the restaurant. ¢ the exterior of the restaurant, Group look at page 136 and read the instructions. Compare your answers with a member of your group. 4 Work with a partner from the other group. Close your book and use your notes to tell your partner about the changes that had been made.5 Work with a partner, Discuss the questions, ‘Were any of the changes made similar to the ones you thought of? b_ What was the writer's attitude towards the changes? Do you think the review was fair? € Do you know of anywhere, not necessarily a restaurant, that has changed its style significantly? Were the changes for the better or the v ae wise wasthat, corde the bur ty had mada rear rye was in ged spr — a ths ve me great joy and ako that eight hive | ‘ maintain an leer berate avoided tofind hat the cree new exactly xd asthe barrage of color and saute ‘ Nha fo ilk ofthe ction last chars and tbls outside, af shop sti ° redon telephone poles and te tacky merthancee andl gone vs the beloved anges to the restaurant. gure, withthe Sp. ts place, a huge neon monstrosity hung ov ‘i rust cot har vit somevhat rirance as quite urvervng and gee of the enpresion nd ha cou Bam ofan od antique decorated by acid To be a the nigral z Rouen the fal comer eat tld ecture had remained intact ut ite es as & te civer to just con lve wat the "Needless 1 3. there was ro satel of damage 48 greet me athe door instead the rhc pounding decided there wa ne turning i VOCABULARY 1 Work with a partner who read the same text as you and follow the Instructions. Students from Group A: prepare to teach four of the words and expressions in the box from your part of the review to a student from Group B. swift markedly in good spirits word of mouth sagging barrage monstrosity unnerving ‘a Read text A again and find the words. b Discuss their meanings with your partner. Think about the best way to explain them, Students from Group B: look at page 137. 2 Work with a partner from the other group and follow the instructions. | Teach your partner the words. Ask your partner to write sentences using the new words. Check that the words have been used correctly in the sentences,GRAMMAR 1 Look at the sentences (a-e), which have been taken from the restaurant review. Write the words In the correct order without looking back. 2 istance / ocean / the /1/ make / could / in/out / the (page 20) Used for ehanging b electrical / made / signs /an poles / and /trees/ crudely / eppeared | emphasis and adaing (page 20) ; € beloved / sign /the / was / hand-carved / gone (page 20) Gone were the days & the / booth / corner /in had / up set / a makeshit/ been / DJ Sr ne ca (page 36) © gourmet / gone / Cuban / was / cuisine / the (page 136) Eietenasect crickets. 2 Work with a partner. Check your completed sentences in Exercise 1 with the review and answer the questions. Why it had changed, Are the sentences in the review different from yours? oe b Inwhat way is the word order different from usual? © Inwhich sentence has a word been dropped? Which word? d_ What information has been brought to the front of each sentence? What effect does this have? 3. Rewrite the sentences to change the emphasis. The peaceful litle restaurant we once knew was gone, There was a modern monstrosity in its place. We didn't know when exactly the change took place. The chef lived above the restaurant. °!~ ! i The path, lit by small twinkling candies, went down to the beach, 7 We went home, tired and hungry. 4 Complete the sentences about a place you remember from your past which has changed alot since + you first went there. a Many a time did we b Gone is the © Why... don't really know. Compare your answers with your partner and ask for more information about the place and the changes that have taken place. eeSPEAKING: ANECDOTE ‘You are going to tell your partner about the last time you ate out at a restaurant, b 4 f 9 h i k ‘Ask yourself the questions below. Think about what to say and how to say it, Tell your partner about your experience, hen did you last eat out? Where did you ao? Who did you go with? Why did you decide to go there? What was the place tke? Did you like the atmosphere? Why? / Why not? Do you go there often, or was it the only time? What did you 6 Did you enjoy it? Why? / Why not? Was the service good? Did you leave a tip? Would you recommend it to someone else? Why? / Why not? WRITING 1. Write a review for the restaurant you described in Speaking: anecdote. Before you start, look at the points below and think about what you are going to write and the language you will need, 2 Write a short re Think about the kind of person who goes to that kind of restaurant and the kind of information they would be interested Decide what information you are going to include. Look at this Ii © the address and telephone number @ the opening times @ some information about the people who run the pl ‘© anything they said of interest that you could report @ the menu © some typical dishes © a description of a particular dish adescription of the decor © a description of the atmosphere a personal recommendation (a dish? a good time of day to go?) @ some information about the history of the place (how long it's been open? the history of tl builting?) ¢ any particular incident that gives an insight into the restaurant anything else you'd like to add Decide what order to present the information in, Ww of no more than two hundred words. 2. Work in small groups. Read each other's reviews. Can you guess what kind of person the review is written for? Which restaurant would you like to eat at?LISTENING 1 Work in small groups. Think of one typical dish for as many countries as you can. You have three minutes, 2 Compare your answers with the rest of the class and discuss the questions. ‘a. Have you tried any of the dishes you mentioned in Exercise 1? Do you know what the ingredients are? b_ Have you got a favorite foreign dish? € When you travel, do you make a point of trying the local specialties? 3-01"; Listen to Anne, Kim, Bill, and Steve talking about their ‘eating experiences abroad. Did they like the food in the countries they visited? Listen again and list the food vocabulary you hear each person 4 Work with a partner. Compare your lists and discuss the questions. a Which countries do you think they are talking about? Check your answers on page 136. b Which diet appeals to you the most/least? Why? © How do these foods differ from the food you're used to eating? PRONUNCIATION 1 Look at the extracts from the conversation in Listening, Exercise 3: Underline the words and sounds the speakers stress to express their enthusiasm or reservation. a Mmm, it’s superb, really hot and spicy Actually, It took some getting used to, © Well, to tell you the truth, | didn't really ike it that much. and, hmm, | don't really ike cabbage that much @ no, it isn't really my favorite, f It isn’t particularly elaborate, but it's good. 1) Listen and check your answers. 2 Listen to the extracts in Exercise 1 again. Pay particular attention to the intonation of the words and sounds that were stressed by the speakers. In which sentences does the speaker use intonation to... a show enthusiasm? b_ show that he/she has some reservations? © soften criticism 4 emphasize good qualities? 3 Work with your partner, Discuss the questions. ‘a How do the sounds of mmm/hmm and really change according to their meaning? b_ Do you use mmm/hmm in your own language to do the same thing? ¢ We often use intonation to communicate what we are thinking or feeling, What ather techniques can we use to show enthusiasm or reservation? 4 Work with your partner. Look at the two short exchanges below. Use the words and intonation in Exercise 1 above and add your own ideas to make the conversations sound a) more enthusiastic and b) less enthusiastic. aA: How was your trip? B: Interesting b A: So, how was the food last night? B: UnusualVOCABULARY & SPEAKING Work in small groups. Answer the questions. a How many words can you form from the root word taste? b What verbs or adjectives can you think of that are often used with taste? ¢ The word taste has several meanings. How many can you think of? d_ Do you know of any sayings or idioms with taste? Complete the sentences with the words and expressions In the box. accounting acquired bad taste of her own medicine poor taste share tastefully tasteless tasty victory, The new bar is very lively, with very {21 food and a good selection of drinks. b_When they asked him if he had enjoyed the aperitif, he was very diplomatic and said that it was an taste, © We found a charming litle hotel with “They get along well” ‘Yes, they" the same taste in music.” She forgot to put salt in, so the bread was absolutely She's always keeping him waiting, so when he left her waiting in the restaurant for half an hour, she got a taste oi. The new boss left without saying goodbye, which left a____ in everyone's mouths. The joke was in very\~ “and quite a few people were offended. An orange fake fur coat! There's no tor taste. They finally tasted when their team won 3-0. Look at the idiomatic sayings with taste. Do you use the same sayings in your own language? ‘furnished bedrooms and great facilities. Work with a partner. Write a short definition of good taste. Use no more than twenty words. Share your definition with the rest of the class. Which one do you like best? Look at the list of actions and decide which of them you consider @ completely unacceptable. acceptable in certain circumstances. € totally acceptable at all times. chewing gum using your cell phone on public transportation kissing in public talking in a movie theater‘ \ cursing «1 losing your temper in public Compare your views with your partner. Would your parents have given the same answers? How many of these are you actually guilty of? What other things do you consider “not in good taste”?LANGUAGE FOR LIFE 1 © i.e Listen to three short conversations. As you @ Match each conversation (1-3) to one of these topics: 1 shopping b iving gifts © eating out b Decide who is speaking in each conversation (1-3): @ amarried couple —b co-workerson apparent and achild the telephone 2 Work with a partner, In each conversation the people are disagreeing about something. What exactly Is the nature of the disagreement? Listen again and check your answers. fen, answer the questions. 3 Complete the extracts from the conversations in Exercise 1 with the useful Phrases in the boxes. There is one useful phrase too many in each case. a That can't be I think you'll find That may be, but A: Because you could have used the company's dining facilities. B: Yes, but it was a breakfast meeting with a client. A: (1) it's company policy. B: (2) that i's only company policy if we're entertaining in-house guests. : | suppose you're right No way! That’s garbage ‘A: Well, apart from the fact that it doesn't help the environment, imported fruit doesn't taste as good, zo ‘These strawberries are absolutely delicious! ‘A: What about the environment? Br OK, OK, (2) it's not good for the environment, but | couldn't resist them. . I rest my case | know, it's awful Oh, | don't know A: I can't believe he got her a vacuum cleaner for her birthday. B: (1). It's the thought that counts. ‘A: Nol Come on! He couldn't have given it much thought, if that's all he came up with. B: You gave me an electric drill on my last birthday! A: So? B Listen again and check your answers. 4 Work with your partner. Look at the useful phrases in Exercise 3 again. Use them to complete the table below. 2 a eT stron total: reluctant polite: Life Skills: Social SI Cultural Awareness of Food ‘© ©)» Listen to an introduction about cultural awareness of food and look at the following elements of eating meals. Work with your partner. What is most common in your culture? Is ‘© Seating (chairs? special places?) © Sharing (individual Utensils (cutlery? chopsticks? hands?) dishes? group dishes?) © Conversation (all topics acceptable?) * Tipping at restaurants Timing (arrive early/on time/late? typical starting time?) (none? specific amount?) “Wi, ‘© Dietary restrictions (any unacceptable foods/drinks?)@ Trying food (rude to say no if offered?) , a Think about ather places or cultures you have visited, know about, or have heard | EFA § about. Are their food customs the same or different? u meLETTER TO A NEWSPAPER 1. Work in small groups. Look at the pictures and discuss the questions, Do you like wearing jeans? Why?/Why not? 'b Do you have any jeans that look like the ones in the pictures? ‘© Would you wear these jeans, or any other jeans, . © to work? © to class? toa jab interview? @ toa party? 2 Look at this headline from a local newspaper. What do you think is the story behind the headline? Schools ban baggy, ripped, and super-skinny jeans 3 Read one woman's reaction to the story. Would you class her reaction as ... a moderate? __-b_reasoned? © exaggerated? extreme? Can you think of any other adjectives to describe her tone? At lst, i good to se that someone has finally come to their senses It was about time, too, Tm just surprised that it didnt happen sboner. 'm sick and tired of seeing kids on hows dragging their feet with thee hands rap to no good, Or the opposite - super jeans that they can hardly walk in I do, ofcourse, respect everybody's ight to self Jon, however bad thet taste in clothes. Having sad that ine should be drawn jeans in schools | think that allowing young people to ‘or dont fit shows disrespect ~a very unhealthy the streets in theit baggy jeans, in their pockets ~ looking scruffy and like the expe ‘when it comes to inappropria ‘wear clothes to schoo! tha are falling ap Aisespect ~ for their teachers, thir fellow students, and their school I don't think Pm being unreasonable as {have no problem with young people weaving properly-Atting jeans in good condition ~ that is completely normal in today’s society and T'm not so ‘ld-ashioned to expect teenagers to weae suits oF es. 1FT had my way, all schools would follow uit with the excellent example you wrote about; fn fact, I think the wearing of inappropriate jeans in all educational institutions should be banned Margaret Morgan Do you agree with anything the woman says? Why? / Why not? How would you feel if the same ban was suggested in your town? "4 Look again at the woman's reaction to the story in Exercise 3 and find ‘expressions to complete the table. ome truth i Whilenot in toval agre Heouldn't ag "6 Write a reply to the woman's comment. Use the expressions in Exercises 4 and 5 to help you.ca LISTENING 1 How much do you know about cities around the world? Take this quiz and find out, ¢ Cities of the World i 1 What proportion ofthe worle's 4 Which fs the most visited capital e population ives in eiton? city in the wore? = a Over 80% a Paris { > About two-thirds London © Less than ati © Rome 4 Aitie over hat. 4 Athens 2. Which is the world's most Which is the worle's oldest capital populated capital city? ity? a Tokyo a Baghdad Mexico City b Damascus @ Sao Paulo © Caro New Dei @ Amman 3. Which was the first city toreacha 6 Which is the world’s highest capital poplation of one milion? city? ‘a Mexico City a LaPaz olivia) b_ Now York b Lima Peru) © London © Quito (Ecuador Rome Kathmandu (Nepal) © & Listen to a professor giving a lecture about cities and check your answers. Were there any surprises? 2 Listen to the lecture again. Replace the words i a. It seems that there is a steadly movement towards urban areas, b Itis commonly accepted that Paris, wit world © Sources would appear to suggest that the 4 On the other extreme, there is absolutely no question that La Paz, the capital of Bolivia, which stands at four kilometers abo. is the highest capital in the world, @ tis unclear whether this information is based on popular opinion or on statistical data lics with the words used by the speaker. ion of over 11 milion is the most visited yin theDene Cee at ees eee a Pe oan GRAMMAR 1 Work with a partner. Look at the expressions you replaced in the extracts in Listening, Exercise 2 and find expressions that show the writer believes there is avery strong evidence. © weak evidence. Use hedging expressions alely strong evidence, Unreliable evidence, | #9 distance yourself Re Pay rng ein ee from facts or opinions 2 Read the sentences (a-e) and look at the information below. Decide if the | that you cannot prove sentences are true or false. Correct the ones that are false. are true, a. It seems that most people enjoy life in the countryside. Hedging with verbs b It appears that very few people who live in a city would prefer to live in a rural area, | 5 | The results from the fist survey seem to suggest that most people are ey | happy to stay in a rural ar the results would appear _Onthe other hand, the second survey would seem to show that most to show people who live in the countryside would prefer to move to the city Hedging mith » Older people are nat believed to be as happy with city life as younger Seer people, But there Is little evidence in the surveys to back this up. it would appear thai Hed ing with the passive The results of two new surveys have just been published in which Pe ere ec they are with where they live. Below are some of the'results. ‘Survey! Survey 2 it Is widely recognized that thers are not believed obe People who enjoy living in cities 79% 72% People who live in rural areas, but would 62% 36% there is no/little/some prefer tone Hacky seed Percentage of these who are under 30 84% 22 discussion av Percentage of these who are over 50 139% - Do you think the results would be the same in your country? 3 Look at the sentences (a-e) in Exercise 2 again and underline all the hedging expressions. 4 Work with your partner. Rewrite the statements using the words in parentheses. ‘2 Most young people prefer to live in large cities because of the job opportunities. (seem) b Older people living by themselves get very lonely in big cities. (little doubt) © People who live in the countryside are generally more healthy than city dwellers discussion) Do you agree with the sentences you've written? 5 © 1 Listen to Sharon and Derek discussing a newspaper story about the survey. Make notes about the reasons young people prefer to live in a city. 6 Work with your partner. Write the story as it would have appeared in the newspaper. Use no more than 120 words. Then compare your story with the version on page 137. 7 te e explanations and do Exercise aeraSPEAKING | Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 4 What is the capital of your country famous for? Does it attract a lot of visitors? b_ Which capital city would you most like to spend a weekend in? € Do you live in a city, a town, a village, or out in the countryside? Have you always lived there? Da you like it? Why? Why not? ested teteen the 3 Seco eenrece sic ts si nd the sea. the other this ey enjoys a Me rds Ks the mot entrepreneurial ty of he elon. the grapes fore ein’ booming yard develoent, theres ao asad pst thi ty hi af te count fut Nobel es county ca be found in Not the and hich towed postal of its presidents Tey, the sland serves 5 mustun heen, vansfrring itself ino 3 ie are along the VA ater seners and the cout’ mos sls son who ler wen rnd ofthe count’ ast. The i to become on wee toma way 2 Tis South American city is perhaps the one which most resembles Eurape in style, demographies, and architecture: as sete by waves of migrants, mainly om i Spl, and Germany, but ao from other counts Ue Foal Greece's home to some amaring architecture in the French and alan eo vo In ulin 1920. Move than fr ts seer this yi own fo ts pssinate about thei teams Tis sare pason feet inthe ao, Taga shows, hich ates neues ean an cre, ate very gearless the Tat bal, Here, people ret fr one of to main eas, 2 Fmnus se of mus i Si bath Vl el dance, te touts. Do be suprised fhe show tarts ate - an ea dinner hee sts at 1000 roother Sauth American cy wil you ind throngs of people so ate into the night Foal vist lise Museum of Modern At ich hols oe ofthe ines olctions af anal of on ra night ow this ty wll works magic on You because th ‘Gata 62s inn ine one Meo oo 22 67 200 smal cept with a population of 2 milion tise certain packs neh! Corsidere an ‘ducationa cere with out important uriversties tudens makeup about twenty percent ofthe population ut what this ty really kronor ist ae Her, the snes dominated by is ising cot, which sits atop alan : oe pint in thes sid at inne fon or another, has existed for hunted of years thas Sted asa ryal eden, fortes and mit barracks, and hasbeen wines to many historia confit Tay, tthe ost vied stein the cy, ination to alsin hstry, ts cty becomes a busting hive of att durng the summer when itattracts ‘ve four millon vistors frit fameaus summer Festiva the Miltary Tatog, pate which takes pac in font of the castle every night dung the festival; the Intrational Festal igh bas thea and classical muse performances; the Festival Fine, which focuses rainy on comedy acts; and te Interrational Book Fest where many wotld-knonn authors si thinkers get together, min it aes Believe it or these ae just he mare wel-nown festivals which take place during the summer ths! If you ae a histo butt nly al rey to the chars ofthis ity. One thing is for sure, you wont runout of his capital iy, be prepared to become overwhelmed bythe sea of humanity and he onslaug tivation You shoul also re or the constant eonvactions. While etme crowded, this pockets of alm and quit areas everynhere, rom terplshiden rnd office bung. to porks wi We lawns, Hees, and por. You may expect sch a cowed haphazard mass of humanity bu it actly quite order When walking along the cts sidewalks, everyone stays to the lO escalators ta you ate staring, but walk onthe right if you ar ina hurry ney heer ts undestandble that f sa premium, and people ein minuscule apariments, practically on top of ene an Instore and retautants you ate slost assured service, but tipgng is aetually frowned upon sob sare When entering almost any est You wil be arete wth a welome’ = sie and give @ sigh inesponse. When heading back home, be suet pckup some stationery or erigaml 5» it Leen tacky, but they 4 50638 0 cay tat they make the perfect git lectcalREADING 1. Work in smail groups. Look at the guidebook extracts on page 30. They describe four of the world's most famous cities. Read the descriptions and decide which city is being described. ‘Turn to page 137 if you need help. 2 Read through the guidebook extracts again and underline the information that helped you decide which cities were being described. 3. Work with a partner. Discuss the questions about the guidebook extracts. Which description appeals to you mast? Why? Choose two or three phrases which you find evocative, b Have you been to any of these cities? Do the extracts reflect your experiences? © Dothe extracts make you want to visit any of these cities? VOCABULARY 1. Match the adjectives (a-f) with the definitions (1-6). Then decide which of the adjectives you would use to describe the noun phrases in the box below. awe-inspiring 1 giving a feeling of respect and amazement b haphazard 2 ull of people who are very busy or lively (especially a place) © tacky 3 not organized, not arranged according to a plan bustling 4 very tall or high in the sky (especially buildings or trees) e 5 t 6 soaring so loud, big, or noticeable that you just can't ignore it in-your-face cheap and badly made or vulgar advertising campaigns coastal resorts collection of people _high'rise buildings market plastic souvenirs scenery tree tops 2 Find the adjectives (a-f) In Exercise 1 In the guidebook extracts on page 30. What are they describing? 3 Work with your partner. Look at the verbs (1-5). Without looking back at the guidebook extracts, match each verb with an appropriate phrase. ce cae atome — \ tsmag Now check your answers. 4 Complete the sentences with the phrases from Exercise 3, Make any changes to the phrases that are necessary. a It's very easy __ the charm of the market stallholders, and people often end up spending much more than they'd expected to. b_ The old town was built on the edge of a cliff overlooking the gorge, using up every bit of spare space. Some houses were even built into the cliff face, and people _ in a warren of narrow cobbled streets. The city seems unassuming at first, but it certainly. There is so much to do and see that It is difficult to get everything in ‘on one trip. 4 No matter how stressed you feel, once you let the beauty of the beach and the warmth of the sun on you, you will begin to ind down and relax, Far too often historic districts are carved up and charming old bulldings torn down 5 Work with your partner, Look at the sentences in Exercise 4 again. Have you ever visited a town or city that matches one of the descriptions? Tell your partner about it.GRAMMAR 1 Work with a partner. Look at the adverbials in the box and decide which aaa Inversion after negative of them have negative or limiting meanings. a a aaah at once even inthe summer frequently never not a word Not enly was It the most ‘not until he'd finished on no account only after a long night expensive cy ever oniy after along wait only then quite often rarely saver In Reales th seldom under no circumstances usually ‘Seldom have | seen anything more beautiful 2 Look at these pairs of sentences and answer the questions. 1A. Inno other South American city will you find throngs of people so late into the night. 18 You won't find throngs of people so late into the night in other South American city. 2A. Not unti | actually visited the city, did | understand just how culturally rich its. 2B | didn’t understand just how culturally rich the city Is until actually visited it ‘a Which sentences, the As or Bs, would be more likely to be spoken? b What happens to the word order when the adverbial phrase is placed at the beginning of the sentence? © What effect does this have on the sentence? 3. Rewrite the sentences, starting with the word or words in parentheses. a You will rarely see such a superb example of modern architecture. (Rarely) Rarely will you s a superb example of modern architecture. b rarely visita city more than once, but this place is really special. (Rarely) © Ihad never seen anything so breathtakingly beautiful before. (Never before) d_ You will only be able to experience the heart of this beautiful old town by wandering down its narrow side streets, (Only by) You will only begin to understand the special charm of this place after you have spent an evening there, (Only after you) f You can’t really understand exactly how beautiful the view is until you climb to the top. (Not until) 4 You shouldn't leave the town without first tasting Its famous local delicacies. (On no unt) 4 Work with your partner. Think of a town, city, or area to fit each sentence in Exercise 3. EM Grammar Extra 3) Bae {2 page 144. Read the explanations and do Exercise 2. WRITING 1 You are going to write a short description of a famous town or city in your country. © Choose the town or city you are going to write about. © Decide what kind of tourist or visitor you are writing for. (Young backpackers? Families? Culture vultures?) ‘© Decide on three or four main points to include in your description. © Write a short description (about 200 words) in the style of a guidebook. Include at feast one inversion after a limiting or negative adverbial and at least three of the words and expressions from the Vocabulary exercises on page 31. Do NOT include the name of the town or city 2 When you have finished writing, work in groups of three or four. Read your description to the group. Listen to the descriptions and try to guess which town or city they are descri information helped you get the answer?SPEAKING LONDON VANCOUVER heaven and earth Work in small groups. Look at the tourist posters, compare them, and discuss the questions. a What aspects of the city are they promoting? hat kinds of tourists are they appealing to? hich poster appeals to you more? Why? ¢ 2 Work in your groups. Make a list of the things a city can offer a visitor that the beach, the mountains, or the countryside can't. Which aspects would attract you most? Choose the top three. Compare your answers with the class. 3. Work in new groups. Discuss the questions. ‘a Which city in your country attracts the most visitors? Why? b_ What is there for them to see and do there? ¢ What time of year would you recommend a visitor go there? Why? Do you know of any advertising campaigns for that city? What aspects of the city are they trying to sell? @ Choose three adjectives to sum up the atmosphere of that city. 4 Work with a student from another group. Tell each other about the city or cities you discussed in Exercise 3. If you discussed the same city, did you come to the same conclusions? If you discussed different cities, which one do you think is the most successful as a tourist attraction? Why?READING & VOCABULARY 1 | Times Square has become a staple in American pop culture, appearing in countless movies, TV ‘shows, and even songs. Match the questions (a-d) with the answers (1-4). a. Where is it? 1 Tourists and locals alike stroll along the pedestrian plazas. b What's with the 2 It was renamed ‘Times Square’ after the New York Times funny name? moved there in 1904. Why isit so popular? —_—-3__It represents fame, bright lights, and the belief that anything is possible, Who goes there? 4 In New York City. 4 2 Read the article and answer the questions. What can you see in Times Square? b_ What type of entertainment does Times Square offer? ‘¢ What time of year is the most significant at Times Square? Why? Tt Times Square, Mow Yr ae of op te (1) TEMES tents tracts the wo. named c ~ te ‘tastoads athe Word it welcomes miions SCUALE]® enaimitons of urs every year who tour te 5 bowtie-staped plaza, (2) the bright, ashing Jigs of etc ke mats oa fame. So poplar that t hasbeen featured in erature a wel as many fins, tlevsion shows, muse vies, and veo gues. (} trong ole-eyed visors averse the tet ceting 24 our bz fees, rubbing shoulders with alrite, and posing for pata wih Evi inpersnaos, the human Satu of Lert, orany of host carton characters wove for het. Dy or ight, tet perfomers an artis provide erteanent on demand and neo joa soe wil prol-walcer ) and then some Thee ' much tse asthe square oad n midtown Manhattan nthe very har af New Yk ly and surouned by sysraper, iboats, sons, restauranis, and hls a evry a. Kenompases several ely Docks north fo 4th eet nding te nw fay endl 2rd tet at he etre of Seventh rue a the Brady Theat istic. Festing theatre marques and mult elec ilboacs 6) __tostets te lr spt, mimicking te Sages in svi, Broadnay of-roaday) lays dey a must-see Bons posits a musa (6) ey ao ce adane Tissues Wax Museum lth er 200 wa ges fit srs, wer ders, msn, spose, and mor, wel as ily’ Bae lO otf youre fscinated byte od, he crus and?) However is mast magnet dpa ew Year's Eve peta feat str-stedmustal perfomance end he stoping of be bal tii a edon wich Began in 1908 byte New York Tins, which was then hedriead inthe Tes Tower. An etna one milo geal) bot eee trate fo covege on Times Square very ero bis event wile miion mae wath word and wah thal hy were therein th jan-packe, ch of humanity. Tere Indo rating ke 3 Match the phrases (a-h) with the appropriate places (1-8) in the article. a illuminate e brave the downright unbelievable £ lured by © most visited 9. Popular attractions 4 On any given day fh get their fit 4 Work with a partner. You are going to teach your partner some words from the article. Student A: turn to page 137. Student B: turn to page 138. 5 Work in small groups. Discuss the questions. ‘2 Where is the busiest place where you live? What do people do there? Are there street performers or eateries? Which places would you recommend? b_ What do you like to do in the city where you live? Where do you go? What do you do? When last time you went out? Tell your group where you went and what you did. as theLISTENING & SPEAKING 1, Work with a partner. Do you agree with this statement? Life in the ci dangerous than Il the countryside, Draw up a list of the main dangers of city life. 2 © Listen to Hefen and Robert talking about the city they live in, Do they mention any of the dangers on your list? 3 Compare your answers with your partner and discuss the questions. a Do Helen and Robert think they live in a particularly dange b What precautions do they 3t you should take when night? Inwhat places do they suggest you should take special care purse? Why? 4 There crime? € What exactly happened to the group of tourists? f What do they think the police could do to improve tl rous city? king home at h your ms to have been an increase in crime recently, What sort of Listen again and check your answers. 4 Work in groups. What advice would you give to ‘a somebody visiting your home town for the first tim b somebody going abroad for the first time PRONUNCIATION 1 Look at the extracts from the conversation in Listening & Speaking, Exercise 2. Complete then with just, really or actually. 2 Ase live in a relatively small city, | don't __ think it's particularly dangerous. b any medium to small city, | think we are much safer than in the big cities, c | come to think of It, 1do have a friend who had her purse snatched, 4 Well, we __ shouldn't be complacent because we live in a smaller city @ Pickpockets tend to target more crowded places. f But you don't think it's dangerous, do you? 9. Well, yes, now you are making me think twice. © \& Listen and check your answers. Notice the stress on just, really, and actually. 2 Add just, reaily, and actually to the exchanges. Practice reading them with your partner. aA: So, what happened? coming around the thing I knew, my purse was gone. b A: I wouldn't walk home that way if| were you. it's dangerous. B: I walked home that way last night. It took five minutes. it didn't look dangerous to me, st on a scooter It all happened quickly. nen a boy rode| LANGUAGE FOR LIFE. 1. Look at the pictures of an unusual building and discuss the questions with a partner. ‘a What do you think it's used for? b What does the shape remind you of? © Do you like it? Why?/ Why not? 2 At the time the building was opened, readers of a blog were invited to comment on the design. Read thelr comments. Do you agree with any? If So, which ones? ° 2a |r vg m/e. os Whether you ket or not, t does draw attention it reminds me of a chocolate aster egg that’s been let out inthe sun Prva | What Like about itis orcinaty ana the beaut sire staitcse inthe main he. 0 ‘ithowoh ‘can't say Hed it when I fiest sit tld grow on mein time, and found, once 'd had a closer look. thatthe design wasnt as simple asi looked Brisit | The thing tke most Is the way i looks at night, when tai up Pamela's the focaton conte ~ right there, next to 2 historical bull rovesty 3 Look at the comments on the blog In Exercise 2 again. Look at the phrases in bold and match them with the rules (1 or 2) on the right. er When we want to add 4 Add emphasis to the sentences using the words in parentheses. You may | Whehiwe vant fo add | need to change the structure of the sentence. | Jah realy cite Ito start with, 1 got use tit with ime. id | 1th auliry ao, doe, a Altho I like the design best of all. t's really original and eye-catching. (it) or dd between he | like the simplicity of the design best. (the thing) ae lela Initially, people complained about the location. (what) © One thing it certainly does is provoke discussion. (do £ Itneeds a more identifiable shape. (one thing) He really does tke it. | They really dlé come up | with a great design, | Notice that the main verb isin the infinitive: does ike it (not does tikes i © Listen and check your answers. Lite Shits: Cultural Awareness te cor. ith ne Multicultural Cities 1 How mutticutural is your city? Is It easy to meet people trom other countries/cultures or people who speak other languages? Are restaurants of various cuisines from different countries/cultures easily accessible? 2 What do you think are the advantages of iving in a multicultural city? Do you see any disadvantages? 3 O im Listen to Stella taking about lite in the city where she lives. Compare what she says with your answers to questions 1 and 2 above. 4. Extending the discussion: a 4 Stella talks mainly about living in a multicultural city. Think about studying and/or a working in a multicultural and diverse institution, + What would be the advantages and disadvantages of working and studying ina } multicultural environment? Share your ideas and experiences, iaem LIFE SKILLS lett sentences. Cleft sentences emphasize the object of a sentence using expressions with what, the thing, or It What | ke is the thing | like best love / ‘object to / don't lke iLEXICAL SETS AND COLLOCATIONS WITH CITY AND URBAN Alesund, Norway ~ one ofthe northernmost settlements in the word 1 Look at the pictures and think of two nouns and two adjectives that would best describe each one. Compare with a partner. 2 Work with your partner: Look at the words in the box and answer the questions. outpost village city hamtet satellite megalopolis metropolis settlement town ‘@ Can you order them from the largest to the smallest? b Can you think of an example of each in your immediate ‘area? Which do you live in? © Which words would you be more likely to find in a ‘geography textbook or geography magazine? Check your answers in Section A on the right. 3. Complete the sentences with the nouns or compound nouns in Section B on the right to make collocations. ‘2 The country is undergoing a steady process of towns and citfes grow at an incredible pace. b More and more small towns are getting eaten up in the __ surrounding the capital city vas © A___ search hias begun for the Chicago-based mystery lottery winner. 4 The is one of the most impressive buildings in the capital @ The state has pledged to spend more money on__ as more and more people move to the cities. f The country is probably better known for its spectacular than its natural landscapes. 4 Work with your partner. Look at the sentences in Exercise Bagain. Are these sentences true for your country? SECTION A mestrop-ris ip SECTION B| TT Review A > CREE dees aaa GRAMMAR 1 Underline the correct alternative. | had () waited / been waiting for ages. | (2) was getting / had been really bored, | didn't know how much longer | was going to wait, Why (3) was he taking / had he taken so long? (4) Had something terrible happened / Was something terrible happening to him? At last | saw him, "Sorry! There's a demonstration in town, Thousands of people (5) are protesting / have protested outside City Hall. They've (6) closed / been closing al the streets to traffic.” “Why didn't you call? ve (7) worried / been worrying about you.” ‘Sorry, but | (8) hadn't charged / haven't been charging my cell phone.” When was the last time you had to wait a ong time for somebody? Tell a partner what happened. 2 Work with your partner. Read the pairs of sentences. Explain the difference in meaning between them. 21 Idon't particularly want to go. 2 I particularly don't want to go. b 1 John's only got his telephone number 2 Only John’s got his telephone number 1 I did my work quickly and got ready to go. 2 I did my work and quickly got ready to go. 1. Personally, I don't think he'll apologize. 2 don't think he'll apologize personally. 1 2 For a minute | didn't believe him, | didn’t betieve him for a minute, f 1 Just Sam and I went for a drink 2 Sam and | just went for a drink, 3. Write the phrases in the correct order. @ beautiful / with a delicate / shirt / floral pattern / silk / A b coat / A / made of 100% / © A/old pair of / shoes / covered in mud / seruffy / runni bought / leather / Knee-high / that my mother / for me / boots / in italy iarm / lamb’s wool / Do you ever wear anything similar to the clothes described? Write a detalled description ‘of one of your favorite items of clothing. Show it to your partner. Rewrite the sentences starting with the word given. @ His name was Harry, d- His car was gone. Harry Gone. b Gambling was his e Nobody knew game. here he had gone. His here © His losses were great. Great ___ Write a short story about Harry's disappearance. Use fronting where appropriate. ‘Add words and phrases from the box to soften the statements and reflect your attitude towards them. appear believe discussion doubt evidence recognize seem suggest. think City life is dangerous. is widely recognized that There are no job opportunities in small towns. apital cities are the best places to build @ 4 Quality of life is more important than money, © Life ina small town is boring Work with your partner. Discuss your statements. 6 Match the sentence halves. a Never had she 1. understand how b Only then did! stronaly felt. © Notonlywasshe 2 say as! took her Not a word did she hand, e Never again would! 3. looked so beautiful 4 my best friend, she was also the love of my life 5 ask such an important question What do you think the question was? Discuss with your partner. Write three more sentences to continue the story.VOCABULARY 1 Complete the descriptions with the words and phrases in the box. butting in drones on and on flows gelsit across hog hunt around say the same wavelength a I think Dylan can be really rude, don’t you? He's forever on conversations and it’s not even as if he's got anything interesting to b Avais very sweet, but she does tend t the conversation - you know, she gets started ona subject and then she just ____ forever. © He's amazing - The conversation really 1en we're together. We're always on _ I've never met anyone like him before! She's really good in meetings. She nev to___for words; she always knows ex what she wants to say and she clearly. | wish { was like het has Do you know anyone like the people described above? Tell a partner about them. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in parentheses. a That was probably the greatest whole life, (achieve) b He tackled the problem with (competent / efficient) think she's particularly people's feelings. (consider) [get an enormous amount of ___ out of my family. (satisfy) e She's av worker and a addition to the workforce. (skills / value) f Reaching the top of the mountain gave me an incredibly intense feeling of eulfity of my and of other Match each sentence (a-f) with a response (1-6). a Have you seen Tim's new hairstyle? b This coffee is really strong! © Ann hasn't called me for two days! Do you think she's mad at me? He should really apo It's great to see the boys playing so well tagether. What's up with José? He looks glum, 1 No, she's medicine. just giving you a taste of your own 2 Yes! Just goes to show - there accounting for taste! 3 Lagree - that comme 4 Yes, it's definitely an acquired tas 5 Yes, it's the bitter taste of defeat! & Well it comes as no surprise. They share the same taste in practically everything was in poor t 4. Choose the correct words to complete the descriptions. market town, as an ugly back street It was a busy, (0 arrived at dawn, The bus station (2)__ block set in a 3) ind the main square. People were alre: setting up thelr stalls. Music (4) ___ from the loudspeakers of one of the trucks. It was a lively scene, and behind it all, the (5 view of the Andes (6) ___ above the town. 1 ahomey — b bustling © bobbing 2 acconcrete b tacky € batter 3 a haphazard b in-your-face ¢ grubby 4 a spedoff —b blaredout—_¢ chugg 5 a exquisite b awe-inspiring ¢ reverie 6 a thriving thrusting PRONUNCIATION 1. Look at some words from Units 1-3, Say the words and add them to the table. animated atmosphere efficiency evocative exquisite frustrating haphazard hilarious historical intricate meaningful reverie satistying stimulating awe-inspiring fulfillment A:Qoa — BroOe p:oQoo © Listen, check, and repeat.‘il SPEAKING 1 Read the text about six-word life stories. Which Is your favorite story and why? 2 Match the famous people (a-e) with the One Life. Six Words. What's Yours? egend has it that the novelist Emest never Hemingway was once challenged to 2 jwrite a story in six words. He came 4 x back with, “For sale: baby shoes, never worn. Some say he called It his best work. Others dismiss the anecdote as literary folklore, Either way, the six-word story was born, and its been around ever since, The following stories Tetill wore amongst thous magazine in Now York. snds submitted to Smith ‘word life stories (1-5), a Bill Gates 1. Kept you guessing until the end. b Julius Caesar 2 My dream came true at last Agatha Christie 3 Died young and beautiful, loved forever. @ Martin Luther King.Jr. ‘I connected people and got rich Marilyn Monroe 5 came, | saw, i conquere : 3. Work with a partner. Write six-word stories for three famous people. Read them to another pait. Can they guess whose stories they are? READING x 1 What do you know about David Bowie's life and career? Read the extract from his obituary on page 41. Which of the facts were mentioned? 2 Read the text again. Put the events below In order from first to last (1-8). [ite died in his home 3 the woman who was to be his second He reached the pinnacle of his fame and popularity His first marriage ca He sustai injury which gave him The release of a new album coincided with his, distinguishing physical feature. He stopped using his most famous stage LI persona birthday, He experienced his greatest personal struggles. 2 Complete the glossary on page 41 with the highlighted words in the obituary extract. 4 Which of these six-word stories best describes David Bowie's life for you? Why? a Never afraid to be an individu b_ Who was Bowie? We'll never kn © Ups and downs, always an artist, —Dee ee pee en eta east Pe ed ee me ae rns Oey ith a career spanning nearly five decades itis no onder that David Bowie's musical persona shifted and evolved with the years. Whether going by the ame Davy Jones, Ziggy Stardust, Thin White Duk, Aladdin $21, or David Bowio, his uer uniqueness and strength of parscnaty have ensured an enduring logacy in popular culture Like many of his high-profile peers, Bowle was not immune to ‘eanroversy. By the time of his death his popularity had waned cansdorably from its apex in the early 19808. But, with over 140 rillon album sales, countless accolades, and generations of Adoring fans and musicians, tis impossibie to deny the value of Nis global impact as a musical and a cultural ican. Untceotner pop and rock stars, David Bowie was never nom 28 an amazing technical musician Bike Jimi Hench nor abillant dancer lke Michael Jackson. Instead, wat made him special was his chameleon-lke nature and the wiingness to go to ‘extremes inthe name of his at. With his tint eye the result ‘ola schoolyard fight}, penchant fr colortl costumes, and total lack of inhibition, Bowie was unike anyother performer of his ‘eneraton. Take for example his famous Ziggy Stardust persona, {tine-raveling androgynous rock str who communicates wi extaterestral beings. Not only di he come up wth this fantastical character for the purpose ofan album, but also he would go onto maintain hs alter-ogo for over another year before spt rotking Ziggy in the summor of 1973. ‘Asa result of his constant exporimentation, Bowie was to have every conceivable record label attached to his work at ‘ane te or another, including those specializing in glam-ock, dlectronic, rock'n'roll unk, soul, and more. Similarly, he was ‘alld everything from a singer-songuaiter, actor, and pioneer, tomuch lacs flattering terms by critics of his showmanship and his Muctuating musical styl. Bowie's electic carear resulted ingumerable hits, notably the space-themad 1972 album The [Ase and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and more mainstream classics Iho 1983's Los Dance. Regardless ofthe time, the voice and look were unmistakably his own, Despite Bowie's dedication to his craft, his outspoken atu and rock-star itestyle wore also the cause of many patsona issues he battled during his if, Though it was at a a verb [1]: become weaker or less important b tive: not hidden or secret ¢ ___ adjective: interesting or unusual because of its variety verb (TI: to last for a particular period of time, especially a long period noun {Cl} the part of your personality that you deliberately show most people 1 lida time of great fame, in many respects the mid to late 1970s was an era of deep emotional and physical stress, As a result, Bowie's health deteriorated and he became extremely thin and paranoid from the lack of sleop. His friends said he was on the verge of collapsing. Simultaneously his behavior turned eratic, ‘with wile! swings of emotion. Ultimately, his marriage to Angela Barnett ended in divorce in 1980, Ironically as it may soem, Bowie would got through this rough patch when his fame was declining, As opposed to his ‘more surreal eatier work, his musie turned towards political ‘activism and made a postive impact. In his personal if, ‘meeting the fashion model Iman in 1990 was a blessing, leading to long-lasting and stable relationship. After a briet Courtship, thay marred in 1992, had a child, andl would remain together until his death 24 years later ‘Bowie's death mirrored his life in many ways -his focus remained on his ar. Although he had been diagnosed with liver cancer 18 months prior, his fact was not revealed to the pubic. Throughout this period, Bowie maintained his dedication to his erat, working on what would become his final album, Blackstar. What's more, although I's unknown whether he had been planning on ever performing live ‘again, according to his producer Tony Viscont, Bowie had been thinking of recording one ‘more final album, Also, he was to have published a photobook of objects from his fe. But, alas, it was not to be. ‘On January 10, 2016, two days after Blackstar’ eloase and his 69” birthday, Bowie passed away in his "New York ity apartment. nine with hs wishes, David Bowie was ‘cremated without a funeral, but this did nothing to quell the outpouring of love trom hs fans, who flocked to ‘memorials around the world. Shortly ater his death, his son announced that David Bowie was to have soon become a ‘grandfather. t adjective: changing often, not following a regular pattern a noun {Cl:a feeling of liking something very much or a tender y to do something a lot fh ____adjective: neither clearly male nor clearly female i verb (TI: to get rid of thoughts or feelings J noun {C]: honors given to someone for their workGRAMMAR 1) Read the sentences about David Bowie and answer the questions. soon become a grandfather. ee poor a... David Bowie was to Which of the sentences express (orvecane 1. a future event, as seen from the past, that took place? 2 a future event, as seen from the past, that did not take place? er year b he would go on to maintain his alter-ego for over another year Events that took place ‘©. Bowie was fo have every conceivable label record attached to his work... | Hewould /wasto | maintain is aler-ego | | Events that did not take Are the sentences formal or informal in register? place 2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses in an appropriate | Hess ‘to have form, to express the future as seen from the past. Which events took place and which didn't? @ Bowie (release) Blackstar on his 69° birthday. He (Fecord) one final album, but he ran out of time, His marriage to Iman _ (provide) stability to his tite for many years. He was working on a book which Penguin — future, oon) her Future plans inthe past Its unknown wheth: he was going / was perform ive again, i It's unknown whether | 3. Underline the correct alternatives about events that did not take place. _ | [ie had been planning / hhad been thinking ot 2 | was going to get / to getting married, but | realized he was the wrong | ever performing ive i person for me. again b [had been hoping of seeing / to see the concert, but | got t had to give away my ticket. Iwas just about studying / to study in Mexico when my visa fell through and | had to call it off He was (Just) about to / flu and | mminent events in the i| had been thinking of going / to go into medicine, but I changed my | due to collapse. He was mind and trained as a lawyer instead, | on the point / on the | verge of col | I was on the point of winning / to win the race, but | tripped over and came last, 1 Las planning to buy / of buying 2 car, but | didn’t get my drivers license. 9 Iwas on the verge to give up / of giving up waiting when the bus finally came. Iwas due to move / for moving, but the landlord of the new apartment increast decided against it. 4 the rent, so | Is the register more or less formal than the sentences in Exercise 2? Which sentences refer more to intentions, and which refer more to imminent events? 2 Iwas planning ut it was sold out b Iwas on the verge, but | decided it was too expensive, © Thad been hoping but my grades weren't good enough, Iwas thinking ut | was too tired. Iwas just about ___, when the telephone rang, f Iwas going____, but a friend persuaded me not to. 9 Iwas on the point ___, but I decided the salary was too low. Are any of these sentences true for you? Discuss with a partner. 4 Complete th sentences 6 suitable wayVOCABULARY 1. Work with a partner. Discuss the differences between the types of stories in the box. anecdote fable fairytale legend mystery myth newsstory short story In which type of story would you expect to find each of the following sentences? ‘a Once upon a time, in a faraway kingdom, there lived a beautiful princess. b Have | told you about the time when | fell into the river? Long ago, there lived a brave warrior and his band of soldiers, d. "Let's return to the scene of the crime and see if we can find any more | clues," the detective said, At92, Muriel felt she had achieved all she could in life. And the moral is: pride goes before a fall ‘9. Reports are coming in of a forest fire which is spreading rapidly in northern counties. fh Athena, daughter of Zeus, was the goddess of wisdom and wartare. ‘An urban myth i a funny, scary, sad, or educational Story which is supposed tobe true. However, you'll never hear one told By the person it actually happened to. Everytime anurban mys retold itchanges slight o 2 Tell your partner about one of the types of stories in Exercise 1 you have heard recently. 3 Read the definition of urban myth on the right. Read the urban myth ‘on page 137, Do you believe It? Do you know any others? LISTENING 1 ©) Listen to Simon talking about his favorite book when he was a child, What kind of book is it? Why does he like it? 2 Work with your partner. Try to complete the sentences about the book In Exercise 1. a The storyis set f The villain is b The characters are 9 They have all sorts of © Ittells the story of h Inthe end d_ The main character is THe enjoyed the book because Basically, the book is about J Now the book Hh 3 Ifyou have read this book, did you enjoy it? Why? / Why not? If you have not read it, does it appeal to you? Why? / Why not? Listen again and check your answers. SPEAKING: ANECDOTE. You are going to tell your partner about a story you know. It could be a favorite children’s story, a traditional tale from your country, or the plot of a novel, short story, or movie or TV show. ‘© Ask yourself the questions below. Think about what to say and how to say © Tell your partner about the story. Note: You can use the simple past tense or the simple present tense to tell a story. What kind of story is it? Where and when did you read, hear, or see it? What is the story about? Where and when is the story set? Who are the characters? What is the plot of the story? What happens at the end? Why do you like it?LISTENING 11 Work with a partner. Read the definition of the word con, Then look at the pictures (1-4) and discuss what cons they might illustrate. ‘6pm! n/n el ae Phyo sel ln oc mod or making soe [ha iat mae commons Ploy “inmey ie het: le conn te to eng Me a | | | 2 cpa termat ars ES tin sa he ects 2 @ 11's Listen to the four stories of the pictures (1-4). Were you correct? 3 Listen again and answer the questions for each person (1-4) in the stories. 8 What deception is described? b Why did the person fall for it? ‘¢ How did they fee! about being conned? What would you have done in the situations described? Tell your partner. VOCABULARY 1 Work with your partner. Complete the sentences with words or phrases from the box. Use a dictionary if necessary. acock-and-bull story along story an old wives’ tale a sob story taltie-tale the story of my life to cut a long story short They say that eating carrots helps you see in the dark, but personally | think it's just b We lost our baggage at the airport, and had to fil in various forms and keep calling the airline. But anyway, __, we got it back in the end, ¢ "Mommy, Ella hit the cat." “Don't be a____, Mia,” _I'mafraid you can't believe everything Karen says. She's always got ___ about how badly people have treated her, ¢ When he arrived late he told me ___ about being trapped in an elevator and then being rescued by a news reporter and being interviewed on TV. 1 | didn’t get the job - they told me I didn’t have enough experience. But that's —__ 9. “So how did you persuade your father to lend you the car?" "Well, i's 2 Work with your partner. Discuss which expressions (a-g) in Exercise 1 relate to .. ‘a myth or superstition a silly story that is hard to believe. a person who tells a story to get someone else into trouble. 2 sad story designed to elicit sympathy. story that you don't want to tellin detail {a detailed or complicated story. something unfortunate that often happens to someone. 3 Work with your partner. Write a short conversation containing one or more of the expressions in Exercise 1. Read it aloud to the class, leaving out the expression(s). Can other people quess what they were? Nounon=rea Cee PRONUNCIATION 1. Read the extracts from the conversations in Listening, Exercise 2. How are the underlined words pronounced? 1. Q: So, have you ever been conned? A: Vm ashamed to say | have, 2. 0; Do you have any experiences of being conned? A: Yes, Ido. Have (hav!) you .? Yes, I have (ev). No, haven't (“hen Do (ida) you ..? Yes, Ido dw. / No, don’t (oun). Can Yon) you. Yes, lean (ken). / No.1 ean’t Gisent Are (ac) you .? Yes, we are (ar). / No, we aren't (arn), © © Listen and check your Ideas. Then answer the questions. 2 Which words carry the main stress in each sentence? b Why are the underlined words pronounced differently in each exchange? Practice reading the exchanges aloud with a partner. 2 Work with your partner. Decide how the auxiliary verbs are pronounced in these exchanges. See Phonetic symbols an page 74 a A: So,do you ever enter competitions? A: So, are you good at managing your time? B: Ihave to say | dont B: I'm happy to say | am, b A: So, can you cook well? 4A: Can you speak Chinese? B: fm proud to say I can, Br I'm afraid I can't © Listen and check your answers. Practice reading the exchanges with your partner. 3 Ask your partner the questions in Exercise 2. Give true answers. Then ask more questions beginning Do you ever ..?, Have you ever ..?, Are you ..?, Can you ..? VOCABULARY & SPEAKING 1 Read the situations and complete the sentences with words and phrases from the box. con fallfor fishy get taken for aride naive plausible skeptical unfaithful a let the used-car salesman ____ me into believing that the sound that the engine makes was nothing to worry about, | shouldn't have been so Peete er aulbte b Youcait take Laura in~ she's oo streetwise to___any cockana-bul | gutle = nave « Hemade out he was police fcer and just needed to check my LUM Fass: te was | ts kre ewes o con mari History seed fiulbot 5 grteng tompetely to me a 4 You have to be really on the ball and astute if you don't want to___ There are some really unscrupulous people out there. € Did you really swallow that sob story about his daughter? | can’t believe you were so. {He led me to believe he wanted to marry me, Little did I realize he already ical had a wife and children back home. It's made me more ___ about men, Im afraid, 4. “ithought that investment deal sounded “Yes, | should have 7 realized. The trouble with mes, 'm too trusting ~ | take everyone at their ™ word.” ‘h Unbeknown to Tim, his girlfriend was cheating on him. He can't seem to find a woman who isn't —___to him. Underiine the correct alternatives. ‘Are you a(n) gullible / plausible / unfaithful person or are you more skeptical? Have you ever been tricked / made out / swallowed into handing over money toa stranger? © Can ou think of a trusting / plausible / naive excuse for forgetting an appointment? Have you ever made out / taken in / conned you were sick when you didn’t want to go somewhere? ¢ Would you ever fall for / make out / cheat on a boytriend or girlfriend behind their back? Work with your partner. Ask and answer the questions.READING 1. Look at the cartoons on page 47. Do you get the jokes? Do you have similar jokes in your country? 2 Read the extract from a book on humor. Choose the best tit! English comedy People say that humor isa universal phenomenon, common to all human societies. 80, what about the perception of humor between societies? Are the ‘same things funny to people of different nationality 5 lving in diferent places? And what about jokes ~ can they even be translated? Let's see if you get these jokes from around the world, translated into English 4) One fh says to another fish, “Hil” The others replies, “Wherel?" (from German) 10 2) Why do Hawallans never need to go to the der Good teeth. (rom Japanese) 8) One road sign says to another road sign, “Are you married?" and the other replies, "No, I'm ‘ivorced.” trom Danish) ‘And yet, for some brave translators making sure jokes remain funny isa full-time job. Discussing her work with The Verge, translator Sabine Sebastian doscribes the trials and tribulations of translating the classic American sitcom Seinfeld tor German 2 television, Not only is wordplay a huge part of tho serios' appeal, but also it has a very specific ‘context (New York), and is full of American cultural roferonces. That isto say, is the character of George so ‘Steinbrenner as funny if you don't know anything ‘about American baseball? Unfortunately, inthis case, although Sabine loved the show, it dnt really take off in Europe, whereas other story-based comedies, b Lost in translation By oF c. © The world’s funniest jokes In particular Friends, became huge hits. So what's the best way to translate a joke? According to some exports lke Peter Alan Low, itis feasible to ‘wansiate almost any humor although strictly ‘speaking, only spoken ‘humor. To do, i's important to remember that translating is an art and to not worry about word-for-word accuracy. ITtwo words need to thyme, for example, you might need to find a different rhyming pait, rather than stay true 10 translation. As for translating culture-specitio humor i's best not to over-explain and to just leave its itis. In an increasingly globalized world, people often share alot of cultural knowledge. Luckly 9, sometimes humor really is universal, espocilly Physical humor ~ it seems a person falling over can Cause laughter no matter wherein the world you go. Joke explanations 4) In German, “hai" means shark 2) In Japanese, the transition for good teeth, *ha wa 1, sounds like Hawai’ 9) In Danish, “skit” means “sign” and also “clvorced” 3. Read the text again. Based on the text, decide if the statements are True (7), False (F), or Not Given (N). 2 Translating from English to another language is more difficult than translating from another language to English, b Because of her own enjoyment of the show, Sabine Sabastian found translating Seinfeld easy. © It is recommended not to alter cultural references for the sake of clarity when translating jokes. 4 American comedies are more popular internationally due to audiences’ existing familiarity with American culture, 4 Complete the glossary using words from the extract. b ___ adjective: confused verb [T]: to say what happened © ___adjective:extremely g funny 4 Roun (UI: situation in which people laugh a lot verb [i]: to happen after something else, often as a result of it way phrase: the difficulties and problems involved with something television series about a particular group of i characters who deal with situations in a humorous nou (Ui clever or funny use of words verb ito become | successful or popular very fast | (Cha adjective: possible tobe done 5 Work with your partner and discuss: Do you watch comedies that have been translated, either with subtitles or with dubbing? Do you think that the translated jokes are still funny? z t fGRAMMAR 1. Match each discourse marker in the box with one highlighted in the Sees extract on page 46 with a similar meaning. ei ‘ove TY comedy shows, .. particularly the ‘American ones, inaddition particularly say then tobe accurate in other words 2 Where in the sentences could you put the discourse markers in parentheses? Change the punctuation where necessary. for example, Friends. Why do different nationalities laugh at different things? (so) or at any rate, cartoon Some writers, Oscar Wilde, are famous for thelr wit. (for example) shows. Many nationalities enjoy puns, the French. (in particular) and funny movies, tao. What is universal about humor? (then) ‘Americans love slapstick. Europeans find it hilarious. (too) Slapstick leaves me cold, | don't find it in the least amusing. (in other words) 3 Look at the pairs of sentences. What Is the difference in each pair? @ 1 Some nationalities, such as the Mexicans, find this joke absolutely sidesplitting, 2 Some nationalities, namely the Mexicans, find this joke absolutely sidesplitting. b 1 The professor could be regarded as eccentric, or at least slightly weird. 2 The professor could be regarded as slightly weird, not to say eccentric. © 1 Canadians find this hilarious; Americans, by contrast, simply do not see the joke. “waiter, what's this fly 2 Canadians find this hilarious; Americans, likewise, are vastly amused by it, doing in my soup?" Match each discourse marker in bold with one In the box with similar meaning. i ink it's the breast stroke, sit” including on the otherhand or at any rate or even similarly viz, 4 Underline the best discourse marke! a I ind puns, particularly / that is te say / such as jokes involving a play on words, very amusing, love classic comedies, In other words / on the other hand / in particular the movies of Woody Allen, € | don't often tell jokes - at any rate / on the other hand / namely, not in a group. 4. |like subtle jokes rather than more earthy ones; my family, say / similarly / by contrast, tend to have a pretty dry sense of humor. € I can only tell jokes in two languages, including / in particular / namely my own, language and English. Are any of these statements true for you? Compare your answers with a partner. 5 QRMEECRERSbtee 12a reas tne oxponations and do exercise 2. eter wha kins LISTENING & SPEAKING ‘It’s bean soup." 1 QW Listen tothe furjokes and write down the punch n.d you get the “Never ming what's Baer been hat st nw?* 2 Listen again and respond to each one using the expressions in the box. Is hilarious. It's pretty funny, | find ita litte offensive, Itleaves me cold. [find it mildly amusing. | don’t get it. 3 Work with your partner. Student A: look at page 138. Student B: look at page 139. Read the joke and try to remember It. Then close your book and tell it without looking. Does your partner get the joke? 4 Do you think the jokes are funny? Do you have any similar jokes in your ‘country? Tell a joke you know to your partner. Do they get it?LANGUAGE FOR LIFE 1 © Listen to the conversation between two friends and answer the questions. ‘2 What two problems did the speaker have? 'b_ Has anything like this ever happened to you or anyone you know? 2 Listen again and number the useful phrases in the order that you hear them. Llwnat a retiettt bet you were happy! Ton, now sary! You must have been terrifled! Crm not surpriseat Toh, wnat a nightmare! That must have o been awfull 0b, nol g Ob, wow! 0h, good! oO Really? Right. 3. Work with a partner. Discuss which part of the story each useful phrase in Exercise 2 was in Fesponse to. Check your answers against the audioscript on page 154. Which of the useful phrases express 2 interest? b sympathy? © gladness? 4 agreement? 4 Match the useful phrases in the box with the categories in Exercise 3. a. Uh huh, d_ Poor you! 9 How awful! I don't blame you! e What a shame! fh That's amazing! © Lucky yout f Totally i Fantastic! © © Listen and repeat the intonation of the responses. 5 Q iw Listen to extracts from five stories. What happened in each one? Listen again and respond with appropriate useful phrases, 6 Think of an anecdote beginning with one of the following sentences. Have | told you about the time when .. © Lwent skiing / sailing / fishing for the first time? Host my purse / keys / cell phone / baggage on vacation? © Iwent to a café / bar / restaurant without my wallet? Tell your partner your story. Your partner should respond using appropriate phrases. Life Skills: Communication Active Listening Active Listening: an important life skill which means to concentrate understand, remember, and respond to what the other person Is saying. 1 Look at the different elements of active listening below. Decide which category they belong to and write them in the spaces. Write: NV for non-verbal signs, V for verbal signs, MP for mental processes and A for things to avold. a Eye contact 9. Remembering key points and the speaker's name b Day dreaming —__ h Smiling and nodding ¢ Keeping an open mind __ I Face the speaker Asking for clarification J Asking questions @ Always agree withthe speaker ___k_ Repeating or paraphrasing * 1 Responses to show interest 1 checking your phone. ? 2 With a partner, do Language for Life, Exercise 6 again. While your partner is speaking, MACMILLAN Practice using active listening, in particular the points you listed as areas for improvement. LIFE SKILLS ite)DESCRIPTIVE NARRATIVE 1 What are some of your earliest memories as a child? Tell a partner 2 Read the narrative about a childhood memory. Does it have a happy or a sad ending? Tremember the day when I got my first-pair of iw-line skates Twas about eight or nine at the time, I remember I had been asking my parenty for about a year to-get mea pair, but they had said no; ay they were tow dangerous. F birthelay cam kitchen table, GQ)... , took off the wally, wherw my went downsteuirs ‘apping paper and: (2). fo it contained w pair of brand-new I put thenvory wer sidewalk, only torty id fall downs Needless to say, landed flat ow my face and stovted crying. A neighbor ravout to pick meup aw T lay (5) Line skates. (3 outsides (4: p over the curb the ground _---. remember hoping: my parenty hadev because-they were bound to- say Eventually, however, had ebadly damaged, and (7: seen what happened T told you so; Were hurtand I had bruiser all over and: holes inthe Kan didnit stop me though, and I ever What happened tomy skates - I guess my parenty gave them aw are still somewhere inv my parenty’ attic nd ev huge-package ow the und that + and skated down the Butz (6) o-go back home, carrying the in-line skates which admit what had happened: (8) didnit tell me off, and didn't say anything about the skates. My they elbows and kneet wof my new panty. Te ually became very good-at it: I don't know wy, or maybe they Replace the highlighted words and phrases in the narrative in Exercise 2 with the ones In the box (a-)). clutching howling at the top of my iungs b_ must have been 9 one of my most vivid chilahoo © pestering A proficient badly grazea 1 refused point-blank @ tore J went hurtling memories is Complete the blanks (1-8) in the story with these extra words and phrases (a-h), to add interest. 2 sheepishly © tomy delight b with my heart beating f like a rocket © sprawled 4 distinctly bh tomy relict You are going to write about a childhood memory, for example: Your first day at school or in a new house. ‘© a time you got lost or got into trouble. @ abirthday or a time you got a special gift ‘¢ a visit, outing, vacation, or celebration, ‘® a memorable meeting, I could hardly contain my excitement ‘the first time you did something - for example, went to the movies, the 200, the dentist Write the story using vivi expressions. Give details of what happened and how you felt. Exchange stories with your partner. Can they suggest how to make it more detailed or vivid?=m READING & VOCABULARY 1 Do you enjoy shopping? Why or why not? Discuss with a partner. 2 Take the quiz. Then compare and discuss your answers with a partner. Money Managemienit - whatis Your Spending Profile? 1 Your favorite brands aunching anew leather jacket 4 ‘I's your birthday. How do you plan to celebrate? i that would look great on you What do you do? {8 Plan shasd an put sana money sede fora ries 1 Patani ite money evry mth nt you cn afr stobraton iby 1 Getacake and ookbyate ith ae tends st hone 5 Yauenly buy whatyeuneed, and youdont need alesther € Make slat minute decent 98 an het weaker I Inet, getaway youve been thinking bout {© Fun cut and buy iton your ret car 5. Your fiends are renting a beach house forthe | 2 Your cellphone is quite old. Although it stil works, summer and have invited you torent together |! thre are newer phones on the market with new ith them, but you are broke. What do you do? | 2 features and modern designs. What do you do? 12 Cuter tain your budget so at you 2 Fguroout yourbusget and shop ound fe the best dea ‘nao your pat ft nt on the Dont buy the pone and make co wth what you ha beach howe crip * Say beone yu © Belong as thar ton your Beach house here | comet 2: How do youd ou grocer shop 1 tino sep cre eek ot ti dy lreat at ames Coan ee | © hutgo sn bay wat cams etna | description of your spending habits? Why? / Why not? | | 4 Complete the glossary using words and phrases from the quiz. | phrasal verb: to save money so that you can buy or pay for something in the future | lo phrasal verb: to go to several shops before you decide what particular thing to buy | ¢ phrasal verb: to manage with the things that you have, even though this is not really enough hrasal verb: to do something that you decided you would do or that you believe you should do © ____ phrase: to buy large amounts of goods each time you buy thei f adjective: having no money 9 noun (Cl: the maximum amount money you can spend on your credit card 5 Look at the words and phrases. Circle the word or phrase in each group which has a different, meaning from the other two. Use a dictionary if necessary. | a bu get / overspend / economize b run up a bill /ive within your means / get into debt save up / clear a debt / pay off a debt frugal / generous / thrifty broke / short of cash / tight-fisted overdrawn / in the red / extravagant 6 Write five sentences describing your spending habits or those of someone you know. Read your sentences to your partner. Ask questions to find out more information, and decide what the spending profile might be.1 Grammar: Prepositions in relative clau! Pe aE et ast Peete Peete Scan ae ee LISTENING 1 © W Listen to six people being interviewed about their shopping | habits for a survey. Which question (a-i) are they each answering? © 4 Do you enjoy shopping? £ Who does the grocery shopping in your at's your earliest shopping memory? household? at's your favorite store? 9. What's the next thing you're planning to buy? 2s your most extravagant purchase? h Are you an impulsive shopper? was your last big purchase? 1 What was your best bargain? 2 Listen again to the six people in Exercise 1 and make notes on their answers. Then choose three of the questions to ask a partner. GRAMMAR 1 Look at the pars of sentences. Which sentence sounds more natural and piace how are the sentences different in register? eee 21 When go grocery shopping pick the produc Ike the look o. } 2 When | go grocery shopping, | pick the produce of which | like the look, Set | b 1. Ate you the person | should speak to about opening a bank account? ies the person rom | 2 Are you the person to whom should speak about opening a bank fame account? That's the house into In which sentences could you use the relative pronouns that or who? Is it | Which I'm moving more or less common to leave them out when speaking? Informal e's the person (that / who) I'm buying the house from. 2 Rewrite the sentences to make them more informal. ath le Ihave a good friend with whom | like to go shopping. | tata peu dit / | | grocery store at which | do my shopping is very © At the moment, there is nothing for which | am saving up 4 I never buy clothes in which | don't feel comfortable. Being tight-fisted is something of which my friends person to whom | gave a gift, wrote out was very expensive, jould never accuse me many of My tren whom are in debt / all ‘of whom are broke, biften want me to lend f I can't remember the las 9. The last thing for which {bought several 3. Look at this pair of sentences. Underline the relative clause in 6. LT Gace | Are any of these sentences true for you? Discuss with your partner. them money | | hem expensive of which the first of which Is. this necklace @ | bought lots of clothes on sale; Ill probably never wear most of I bought lots of clothes on sale, most of which I'l Is it a defining or non-defining relative clause? How do you know? Can which be replaced by that? 4 Rewrite these sentences to Include a non-defining relative clause, as in sentence b in Exercise 3. learn $200 a week. | spend half of it on rent. several close friends, None of my close friends enjoys shopping, ints near my house, The nicest restaurant is out of my price range. neck. are several rest 4 My cell phone bills are pretty high. | got the latest bill la @ The people in my class can’t afford to go out for a fancy meal. The majority of them don't have 5 Write true sentences about the stores or restaurants in your neighborhood, using a similar non~ defining relative clause. Compare with your partner. 6 Cece fe 146. Read the explanations and do Exercise 1READING & VOCABULARY 1 Do you look for deals and discounts? What kinds of deals do you look for and how do you search for ‘them? Tell a partner. 2. Read the article on page 53 about someone who learnt about all the ways she could save money using the internet. From the article, make a list of the ways she could save money. Can you think of other ways you could save money using the internet? 3 Choose the best alternative to complete the statements. Find evidence to support your cholces. Sheila fully embraced/did not fully embrace technology. b_ The writer tried to convince Shella of the benefits of the internet/that the internet is good for checking her emails. © Sheila is a frivolous/frugal spend 4 Free phone calls and text messaging are the exception/rule. fe Anyone can learn DIY from the Internet/do DIY to make money. 1 Air travel has become cheaper because of discounts from airlines/tools made possible on the internet, 4 Sheila now believes in the benefits of the internet/remains an internet sceptic, 4 Complete the sentences from the article. Then check your answers. @ Sheila has shied ____getting internet at home. Look at the phrasal verbs in the sentences. Write questions using three of the phrasal verbs. Ask and answer with your partner. She gets __ using the internet at her workplace. © Sheila collects coupons from newspapers and magazines to cut on her grocery bil x 4. Practically anything you want to know how to do can be looked on the internet, © Many people have opted ____ of paying for these past-times, i 1 People had to save ____ for family trips and vacations abroad. I ' 5 Have you used the internet to save money as suggested in the article? Do you agree with these suggestions? What other suggestions do you have for saving money via the Internet? LISTENING 1 @1© Listen to an extract from a radio show in which the speaker gives some money-saving tips. ‘Answer the questions. 2 What are the tips? b_ What benefits are mentioned for each tip? What do you think of the tips? Would they work for you? Discuss with your partner. 2 Work with your partner. Write a tip to send in to the show. Use one of these money-saving ideas or your own idea. 10 the station/work ked lunch to work © have picnics inst ing to cafés ‘© make your own clothes, cards, and gifts © shop online # avoid the "buy one get one free” trap Use the prompts to help. tip for saving money is to You can mab avings by Read your tip to the class. Which of the Ideas presented in class would work for you? Can you think of other ways to save money? UNITHow the Internet Can Save You Money Oe eet ee pee een ne -volutionary invention of the twentieth century, to infinitely more coupons and bargains ath Rees Ste ce ‘are not aware ofits full potential IDOI. The internet has sparked a ‘do-it-yourself SR Cee eee ee Pee esa ere en coer the benefits of the intemet, she has shied away fr you hundreds of dollars a year if you attempt pe ene ey ee et anu SO se eee ead een en Pree Ro ee racy ee eee cy Pees hunter and a thrifty shopper, | embarked on a 40 J Entertainment. Let’s say on a typical weekend See a ce Tones Rete eos ileg her that it was worthwhile to invest in an internet en et ca eee) ee ee ed er re Tet connection for the simple reason that it will save her Peed eee ad ead the internet, these hobbies can all be enjoyed pe eco for free. There are several websites that providk eos Se eee et ff Phone bills. Perhaps the main bil that can be offer free music streaming services, and movie significantly reduced if not completely eliminate Pe ee ee by tho intornet is our phone bil. The See Cer family trips and vacations abroad. Nowadays air 2s FA Grocery bills. As a bargait ent ea ee en Poe eee a introduction of the internet. There aro many sites pete se a ee} ee eee magazines to cut down on her grocery bill. With ne eee ees PN ome ea ae Lam happy to say that Sheila c TnL g Le toembrace verb [i/Tl:to accept a theft adjective: careful about how your home yourset instead of paying new idea ou spend mone Someone to do them for Luddite noun (C): someone who is embark on verb [Tl:to start anew plumbing noun [UI the system strongly oppased to using modern projector activity OF pipes, water tanks and other technolog equipment f ‘and 8 diligent adjective: hard workin water to a Bl fancy yourself phrasal verb Hinvof onecelrina specie mayor -ttyoursa oun [UI The activity reyphoster verb (7 as having iar attribute 9 making ar repairing things for chair with materialREADING & LISTENING 1. Read the tips on bargaining from a tourist guide. Which one Is false? Shop around before you make a purchase to get an idea of the average price of whatever it is you want to buy. ‘© Be prepared to drive a hard bargain - sellers. expect it. ‘© Try to appear casual and indifferent while browsing in stores and markets. Never show enthusiasm for the item you want to buy, as the seller may react by jacking up the price, ‘* Start the bargaining process by proposing a price considerably lower than the asking price. ‘A good rule of thumb is to halve the price and work upwards from that. # Try to find and point out as many flaws as possible in the product so you can get a better price for it ‘© Ifthe price proposed by the seller is still unacceptable and outside your budget, pretend to walk away. Usually, you will be called back again, and the price you offer may be accepted Avoid paying with small change, as this may annoy the seller. Larger denominations are preferable, 2 © Listen to Barney and Maiara discussing their experiences of bargaining. Do they discuss a) bargaining abroad? b) bargaining in ‘their own country? c) both situations? 3 Read a summary of the conversation. Gross out any factual errors. Barney and Maiara Moira saw a rug in T really wanted it and Bill does not lke bargaining He believes that the sallors reasonably pri cs do not enjoy tether. Generally to bargain for lt. She did not start by he has been unsuccessful in offering a very low price because his experiences of bargaining she was afraid she might lose the when abroad. However, he rug. In the end, she was able to feats that his experience of knock down the seller's prioe and bargaining in the USA has bought the rug, been more successful Listen again and check. Then rewrite the summary correctly. 4 How do you feel about bargaining? Have you had any similar experiences? Tell a partner. PRONUNCIATION 1 Which sound occurs in the words in red in the bargaining tip on the right? Peet common words Are the words in red stressed or unstressed? Practice saying the sentence with your partner, stressing the sounds in bold. Try tofind and point out | asmany flaws as possible | in the product so yo } det batter price ore) 2 How is to pronounced in each of the sentences below? 2 Be prepared to drive a hard bargain, Try to appear casual and indifferent while browsing in stores, 1 Listen and check your ideas. What is the pronunciation of fo before a) a consonant sound? b) a vowel sound? 3. Work with your partner. Practice reading the other bargaining tips from Reading & Listening, Exercise 1, paying attention to the pronunciation of to and weak forms.VOCABULARY 1 Put the words and phrases in the box into two groups: cheap or expensive. affordable ariproff budget daylight robbery discounted exorbitant lavish low-cost no-frills overpriced 2 Work with a partner. Discuss the questions about the words and phrases In Exercise 1. ‘a Which are more informal in register? b Which have negative connotations? © Which two could not be used before a noun? 3. Underline the best alternative in the shopping tips. a If you want to find budget / discounted accommodations, go to If you want a(n) lavish / everpriced meal, a good place to eat out is The best place to buy low-cost / budget souvenirs is Be prepared to pay exorbitant / lavish prices for .. ‘A good place to find affordable / no-frills clothes is ‘A good no-frills / discounted airline is Try to avoid shopping In / at... I's a complete rip-off / daylight robbery. Complete the shopping tips to make them true for a visitor to your town or country. Tell your partner. SPEAKING: ANECDOTE You are going to tell your partner about a purchase you have made recently. @ Ask yourself the questions below. ‘@ Think about what to say and how to say it. Tell your partner about the purchase. I a What did you decide to buy and why? (ee Was it an impulse buy or had you shopped around? ¢ Who did you go shopping with? Where did you look for the item? e Where did you find the item? What was the item like? q fh I i k a How expensive was it? Did you pay in cash or by credit card? How satisfied were you with the purchase? How do you use the item now? With hindsight, was it a good purchase?READING 1 The title of this article was adapted from the saying '“to do something one step at a time”. What do you understand by the expression “one step at a time"? What do you think the title of the article means? Read the article to confirm your ideas. 2 After reading the article, can you suggest an alternative title? _— e088 ep Amine ces ire v=) SAVING 'THE PLANET ... ONE PURCHASE AT A TIME | i ' we bacome more aware ofthe hazardous effects of purchases are alo sustainable and pe human and industrial activity onthe environment and ofthe environmentally len. air _ segatnerepereision of ur puters of consumption tur rade" Protech responsi shoud be to Become mind contumers und beter” choc eft stovards four abit Eneonmentalusainaity requires hat tana gl even ve be are ofthe effect our recurs consmptin produces. Our © Hower ed Dau tain ai shuld be fo reduce weeny wae prods means cat | ‘Ove practical way we cn do tsb lowering our eon tverfodyivlved footprint in our purchasing decsions. Opting toby weed instead inthe roe om I ©. of new ners ia sleeve way of owerng Every the are oe | onsimer itn and product hae we re at an crtenmenal © manucare low Toop crested ro she maar aed vo manfccretem 2 proces te entre i thepellton emitted during the proceso crenng them, andthe staat Lat tke zaclagng that neviaiy ens up nil or improper dosed chocaets evan ea {inthe wider emironment Ifyou are concious conser you "ar uae teu the ' should ss yourse what you want toby somethingyu realy «© farmers of he acon repaid f | need and iit i 50, consider buying used instead of new. When fair wages and are able to take cond-hand you are effectively saving vakiable caro oftheir amis, falso meas 1 opting to purchase esoureas and reducing polation, that ther cian can goto schoo! instead of ‘There are several apps that make Ieasy and convenient to buy having to workom the plantations I vbshand. Two ofthe more popular 2 Buying lcalygrowa produce is another way to help the | | apps offer a qule, easy, and convenient way to buy and sell ‘environment, Products grown faraway need tobe ransperted, i used items in your own local communi. Buyers can view photos sing ars, trucks, or planes which pollute the environment. Locally | anv descriptions of tems in various categories, contact sellers sown froles and vogetabes are transported over much shorter hough the app, ask questions about the product on sale and setup stances and ae es arf othe environment As an ned 2 toe and place to mest to complete the ransactlon. We're saving 55 bonus ths also provides jobs within the communi and conttbutes and te environment one app a time! tothe lca econ, There are some items, such as food, that we cannot buy second By following the suggestions above we can ive more sustainable Honever, thre are othr ways to ensure that our food ives and help to protect the plane, one purchase a a ime! 3. Read the article again. Answer the questions with a partner ‘@ What is one way the article suggests we can reduce waste and resource consumption? What is an “environmental footprint”? © What are the benefits of the apps mentioned in the article? 4. How does buying “fair trade” help farmers? © Give two reasons for buying locally grown produce. 4 Complete the glossary using words and phrases from the article. 2 ____ adjective: dangerous, espectally to people's health or safety hi b ____ noun [C/U]: a bad effect something has t I] € __atlectve: careful about or conscious of something | da — noun [C]: someone who looks after something and protects it j | ¢ adjective: the abity to continue wthout horming the environment | f ____ verb [1]: to make a choice or decision f 9____ verb [T]: to send something out into the air, especially gas, light, or heat | 5 Work with your partner and discuss: What three items would you lke to get rid of right now? E | } UNITSGRAMMAR 1. Read the Freecycle™ post exchange. What furniture Is Harry going to collect? Mf) Lave future ned to gti of (Bed and bookstetes) a Fm ang my (]) betioom makeover. May be of use to someone? It'll in good condition, Mike i Hany, Yes ital stil available. Sofa bed is king-size. Sony I dont have wardrobe but 1 do have dieser, if that’s any use You'e welcome to come and collect stuf if you have van, Mike Hi~ Yes, Ii still interested in everything, including dresser. YU contact you again as Soon as fv got hold of van to pick things up. Thanks a ot! 2 Correct the posts by adding the missing articles. a/.an (x7) some (x3) the (x6) Use a/an before singular Delete the alternatives below that are incorrect. Then find examples in| ors the text. aed /anitea * If something is unknown to the speaker, the listener, or both, use a(n) / eee some / the /~ Use some /no article + If something is known to both the speaker andlstener use atm) /some / | before ural and the /- : : things / some things 3. Write a posting for Freecycle™ offering an item or items. Exchange fare | some trite postings with a partner and write an email reply. Inced some) money Use the before singular, plural, and uncountable 4 Complete the sentences with a, an, the, or put a dash (-) if no article is necessary. sure ‘2 What time do you have _____dinner? When did you last go out for_____| the bea / the idea / the special dinner? furniture / the things Do you ever travel by __ train? When did you last take __train? I'm very pleased with the When is___next long weekend? What are you doing __ next rapes. ater How much is the rent? d What is your view of ___ internet shopping? How often do you use internet? ‘@ What Is the countryside like ___ north of your town? What is it like in __ north of your country? £ Do you think ___ English are friendly? Why do you want to learn __ English? Work with your partner. Ask and answer the questions. 5 Cross-out the alternative in each sentence which Is not possible. a I'd like a (coffee / cake / juice / beer / bread / chocolate), please. b_ {might go to the (bank / movies / gym / theater / store / work) after class. This time tomorrow t'l probably be at (school / college / grocery store / home). d_ I would be interested in working for the (army / police / business / media / government / press). @.Idon't lke (rock music / jazz / 17th-century italian classical music / music of Beethoven). f Most of the (people | know / people / people in my country / people here) speak English 9. [ove (the pasta / fresh pasta / the pasta you make / all kinds of pasta). Underline alternatives to make the sentences true for you. Discuss with your partner. EM crommor Extras, at 2. eeLANGUAGE FOR LIFE 1 Qs Listen to a conversation between a customer and a market trader. Answer the questions. ‘2 What does the customer want to buy? b_ How does she try to get a reduction? © What is the final outcome? 2 Work with a partner. Complete the useful phrases. a It's alittle bit more than __ pay. e {think ___, thanks. b Could you give me __, do you think? 1 Isthat your ___7 © Theis it’s alittle chipped. 9 OKI 4 I'matraid it's still Listen again and check your answers. 3. Read the beginning of three conversations in which people negotiate a solution to a problem. Answer the questions (1-3) with your partner. 1 Karla: Well, it’s a beautiful room, and the location is ideal It's just that | was really looking for something that's furnished, especially since the rent is so high, 2 Brett: Yes, | really like the apartment and I'm very interested. The only problem is, | don’t have enough for the deposit right now. 3 Frank: | wanted to talk to you about my essay. | know the deadline is the end of next week, but the thing is, I've been under a lot of stress lately. 1. What is the situation in each case? 2 Underline the expressions the speakers use to introduce the problem, 3 Try to guess how the conversations will continue. © 115 Listen to the conversations (1-3). Were your predictions correct? 4 Match the sentence halves from the conversations. @ Supposing | were to 1 b I don’t have any abjections to 2 handed it in on Monday? © That sounds like 3 if | could ask for an extension? There shouldn't be 4 grant you an extension, 5 6 7 any problem. | was wondering to have it done by then, f Intheory I'm prepared to put in some furniture? 9 How would it be if a good compromise, fh should be able 8 deferring the deposit Which sentences express a) a request? b) a proposal? c) an agreement? 5 Work with your partner. Student A: turn to page 138. Student B: turn to page 139. Improvise conversations for the two situations, Life Skills: Sustainable Development Identifying what can be done to the environment In 2015, the United Nations adopted an agenda of sustainable development to “end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all”. Amanda, a student at the Fredrick Douglas High ‘School in Baltimore, studied this UN agenda as part of her civics class. She decided to take this lesson beyond the classroom. © © Listen to an interview with Amanda and answer the questions below. %, ‘2. How did Amanda put the lesson on sustainable development into action? Which UN sustainable development goal were her actions most focused on? © Can you implement any of Amanda's actions in your school, workplace or home? Which MAPIILL AN ‘ones? What else can you do to contribute to the UN sustainable development agenda? LIFE SKILLS ia_ AMERICAN AND BRITISH ENGLISH "1 Which variety or varieties of English have you studied? Which do you prefer? Discuss with a partner. 2 Read the two advertisements below. What are they advertising? Do you ever shop like this? ‘hopping has gotten a whole lat Shopping has just got so much easior easier with shoppingexperience.com, | with shoppingexperience.com, the the word's largest online shopping worl largest online shopping ist lst, Why goto your local mall when, | Why travel to you lcal shopping ni US. aos ic a oat oT from the comfort of your own home, centre when, from the comfort of your un su! you can access erally hundreds ‘own home, you can access literally of your favorite stores soling ‘hundreds of your favourite shops thousands of products, from diapers thousands of products, from to.cell phones, from baby strollers ‘nappies to mobile phones, from prams Diterncasbarwoon Armeican and Beis to drapes? Once you've gotten the to curtains? Once you've got the Sagan Roly shoppingexperience.com habit, you'll happingoxperience.com habit, yout never need to go downtown to do ever need to go int the city centre to your shopping aga do your shopping again Which text is written in American English and which in British English? How do you know? Underline differences in vocabulary ‘and spelling. 3 Look at the words in the box. How would you rewrite these words in British English? center color adriver's license gray humor organize pedaling traveled Soe 4 Work words ith your partner, Discuss the different meanings of these British and American English. college. gas holiday publ;schoel school subway fellas Read the dictionary extracts onthe right and check your ideas. ne eee 5 Work with your partner. Discuss whether the sentences below fn stata were said by an American or British English speaker. Se ‘a After | graduate from high school, | want to go to schoo! in France. b I went to a state school as my parents couldn't afford to send me to a public school. At college | majored in math, and graduated summa cum laude last year. 4 e t From the Hac Engh tony (Americ ition) J use public transportation because the cost of gas is too high. ‘We're hoping to go on holiday to Vancouver in the autumn, The quickest way to the drugstore is to take the subway. I's only two stops away. 6 Read the American sentences (a-f). Change them to British English by substituting the words in bold with their British equivalents. ‘| usually take the elevator if| have to go higher than the second floor. 'b | love French fries and potato chips but !'m not so fond of candy or cookies. © My mom and dad live in an apartment building, so they don't have a backyard. 4 On weekends, | ke to take a walk in the countryside or go to the movies. {hate standing in fine and it makes me mad if people cut In. f Lalways wash up before | have a meal Which of the sentences are true of you? Discuss with your partner 1n about American and British English? 7 Check your own dictionary. How does it show informaSPEAKING How much do you know about your brain? Decide if the statements are true or false. The Human Brain (On average, the brain weighs 2.8k9 in a man and 2.2kg in a woman, The brain floats in a liquid in the skull '50% of the average human brain is water Your brain is un mly pink in color The adult human brain uses up to 25% of the blood’s oxygen supply. We only use 10% of our brains. Your brain cannot feel pain. Your brain is more active watching TV than it is sleeping We yawn more when our brains are not being stimulated. ‘The human brain continues to send out electrical signals for up to 37 hours following death, Check your answers on page 138. LISTENING 1 Work with a partner: Label the games in the pictures. Order them from the oldest to the most recent. What is the aim of each game? Which do you like playing? 2 @1 Listen to four people answering questions about some of the ‘games in the pictures. Which question (a, b, ¢, or d) was each of them oe ee asked? ap oe “3 @ Do you do or play any of these games on a regular basis? a b_ Which of them do you think requires the most brain power? aa © Which of them do you think are a waste of time? d_ Which of them did you use to play as a child? 3 Listen again and make notes on the people's answers in Exercise 2. Then compare your notes with your partner. Do you disagree with anything they said?Ree ae eee la Pe eee eet) Pee ee esd READING & SPEAKING 1. Work with a partner. Look at the words in the box. Which have negative connotations? Write a definition for one of the words with negative connotations and read it to the class. Can they guess the word? decay decline fit growth inactivity lack loss stretching training 2 Use six of the words in the box in Exercise 1 to complete the article about brain training. In recent years there has been a barrage of new studies 5 function thermore, sleep is a key part of the process ‘about how to maintain cognitive function as you get older. of consolidating learning and memory, soa chronic lack q In cognitive function isa natural process, and ieep can actually prevent you from learning, everyone experiences deterioration in memory and moto ‘third factor associated with improved brain function skills as we grow older. However, by taking action now, is (6)____ the brain through challenging activities, ke here are things you can do to ameliorate the process of 2° learning a new language, sil, or musical instru ‘aging, First and foremost, keeping physically (2)__has When doing these activities we go beyond what we can been shown to imprave cognition. Exercise is associated —_ already do and we force our brain to be active. with the (3) of blood vessels in the brain and There are a hast of other ideas for preventing the 2 therefore an increase inthe survival rate of new braln cells. reduction of brain function, fcom meditation to cet (4) ___ on the other hand can have the opposite effect. 25 some proven and others stil to be ratified by research, ‘Another vital factor is slep. Infact, the (5) but as people live longer, increasing the quality of of sleep has been tied to reduced gray matter in the through better brain function promises to become a brain and problems with working memary and executive growth field 3. Work with your partner. Discuss the questions. a Choose two adjectives from the box to describe the article in Exercise 2. censorious. chatty — critical =—factual «funny argumentative informational — sarcastic —=sserious casual b Where do you think the article might come from? ¢ Has it inspired you to do some brain training? 4 Check your brain power by answering as many of the questions below as you can in three minutes. Calculate your Brain Power 1 What was the day and date you started this class? «5 _Complete this table so that all [ 5] [3 What was your teacher wearing last class? (The the rows and columns add up| ‘more detail you give, the more points you get.) to nine. AH 3 How many As are there in this sentence? Study these words for one Red rhinoceroses are a rarity in Rochester minute, then clase your book |_| although they have been observed in Rome. and write them dovin. 4 How many citcles do youhave to @ Sad the very today toa about move to turn this tangle upside @ @ radio paint book tried mix next down? eee brief could dish Check your answers on page 139.READING 1 Work with a partner. Look at the picture on the right. the questions. ‘a. Have you ever heard about Phineas Gage or his story? b- What do you think happened to him? 2 Read the article about his life on page 63. Label the extracts (1-4) with the headings in the box. iscuss, The criticism The recovery The effects The accident 3. Read the article again. Work with your partner. Discuss the questions. 2 What happened immediately after the accident? How did Phineas react? b_ What treatment did the doctor provide Phineas? How would his injury be treated nowadays? © What were the physical effects, both short-term and longrterm, of his injury? 4 What did science learn about the human brain as a result of this case? @ How did Phineas’ later life cast doubt on some of the stories about his ‘new’ personality? f Do you betieve that his personality permanently changed? Why / Why not? VOCABULARY 1 Look at the highlighted verbs in the extract. Try to guess the meaning from context and complete the glossary. verb [1] look steadily at something for a long time b ___verb (Ti: notice © verb [I/TI: move suddenly and quickly | ja verb [T]: spend time looking at something | | © —_ verb 171: know what something is when you see it again t vert {H/TI: look at o omethiing quickly to get a general impression ferb [TI:t0 look closely or analytically at something h verb [TI:to become aware of someone or something using your eyes A 2 Observe, recognize, and see have more than one meaning. Look at the sentences (a-f) and match the verbs in italics with the meanings (1-6). id a Irecogr understa b see what you mean, © You should observe the customs of the ize I'm not perfect. 1 2 3 country you are visiting, 4 5 6 a lawfule an opinion Are yo ig Peter? “That wasn't very clever” he observed. {AS | see it, she’s making a big mistake. still see) 3. How would you translate observe, recognize, and see into your own language? Do the translations have multiple meanings? 4 Write a paragraph using observe, recognize, and see, Use each word once. Show it to your partner and ask them to figure out the meanings of the verbs you have used.So You Think You're Having a Bad Day? 1 Ifyou do ther ory of Phine ike many othe ould get the ou mig ome comfort in the Gage. One day, in 1848, Phineas, ompany. As part of his job, he powder into a hol pack ital f, Phineas vas mom recognized the other workers’ his eyes darted away from his were doing. n that split secon Propelled by the explosion, the iron rod hurtled up and through his jaw, thraugh his lefe eye, a finally out the top of his sku after only a few minutes, he ven vk Ailhiour assistance, The other work must have surely gazed in armazement as this scene Unfolded, shocked that he hadn't been immediately killed. He was then quickly hurried ina cart back ne town where he calmly sat outside his hotel and waited for the doctor to errive, his brain Visible forall the world to see. Now you must remember that this was in 1848, mnadical practieas were not as sophisticated as ‘day, So it should come as no surprise that there was no opportunity for brain surgery tore the damage. Instead, the dactor did what any of us would do with a minor wound — firs, he examined then he cleaned it an« ged it! To be far, this scenario, he also put back some finished olf the procedure with a nightcap to ingiin. Apparently, atthe time, Phineas that would be back at work in only a few days although he didn’t want to see his friends! {As it turns out, Phineas was a litle overly ‘overoptimistc in his prognosis, but nevertheless did manage a remarkable recovery. Only ten after his traumatic injury, he Fetum home. One can only imagine what he have thought about as he travelled b ce, But all things considered, he was li I accounts was sill a handsome man, 3 Remarkable though the acci ‘his story had ended here, he would the fame that he does today is actually what have matntaine aly amazing a his su peas personality invery S healthy, hardworkn afterwards his fiend no longer Gage” ved to becom 900s, Phineas witha lack of self-control and no sen: more, he started to make immedi 10 just as quickly a implications of such changes were ous, providing ev fect aspects of personality mnpulsive ns, on indon them fence that specific parts 4 So how much are we to bel Phineas Insome ways itis hard ta tel, and in the 15 happened, rumors and exaggeratior read regardl jean example, ithas been sal m sc his wife anc married further, y. Also, although orarly altered over time he seemed to have regained most of his personal skills, Becoming a skilled iple stagecoach driver in Chile until issues forced him to stop, Some experts eorize thar his structured profession and routine ring this period of his life may have been exactly the needled to provide him with the stability he could net overcome the 2, and in 1860, twelve | day, Phineas passed away in fis mother's home in San Francisco after numerous ures. His legacy ives on though, 2s anyone who has scanned a psychology coursebook can atte 10. His infamous skull also continues to draw great interest, with visitors coming to see it on display at the Harvard Medical Schoo! in Cambridgs Massachusetts long-term 5 after that fateful day,LISTENING 1) Work witha partner, Discuss the questions. ‘How many senses do we have? Which sense do you think isthe mest important f you In your everyeay Ife? Which would you be able to cope best without? Which sense triggers the most memories? Have you ever lost the use of one of your senses temporarily? Do you think any of your senses is especialy well developed? al 4. Wihien sense do we most take for granted? he 2 Oise Listen to Mike, Maria, Helen, Nick, and Petra answering some of the questions in Exercise 1. Which question Is each person answering? Which senses do they mention? Compare your notes with your partner Were the speakers answers simllar to yours? GRAMMAR 1. Work with your partner: Look at the verbs in the box. Which can a) only be used with a stative meaning (referring to an ability or a sensation)? ) only be dynamic (referring to an action)? c) be used with either a Fen ag ats 2 Compete the extracts from the speakers’ answers in Listening, Exercise 2 | (mseenat with the correct form of some of the verbs in the box in Exercise 1. Some of the verbs are used more than once. You may need to add a modal verb or a negative. 2 If you're bling, If you [think | ean hear the telephone, ih by het then athough you can ead afl ite and an | {ust be Reig that, | think it does make you more vulnerable. turned of bt would really hate it if |____ what things or people looked like, ¢ I read an article about a man who went deaf and then his hearing was restored to him, and he talked about how isolating it can be if you d_ He really missed to music, that was the worst part, he said, Thal, and not being able to_ his wife's voice. © |___ the palm trees, the food the sun on my skin. {They ___ the vibrations of the drums, even though they __ them, 4g I can___ things that nobody else even notices. For example, when someone cooks for me, | can tell which spices were used © Listen and check your answers. 3 What modal auxiliaries were used in the sentences in Exercise 2? Were they used with a stative or 2 dynamic meaning? What other verb phrase was used with the same meaning? 4 Work with your partner. Look at the pairs of sentences below and discuss the difference in meaning of the verbs in italics. 1A I can see John. He's right over there, standing next to the bar, 1B _'m seeing John tomorrow. I'll let him know what we've decided. 2A. | could hear strange sounds coming from downstairs, so I decided to go and investigate. 2B I've been hearing great things about you recently. You must be doing really well 3A. I'mnot feeling very well. | think I'm going to go and lie down for a white 3B That heater’s really good! | can fee! the heat from here, 4A I'm just tasting the soup to see if | need to add any more salt 4B really can't taste the difference between butter and margarine. 5 Pay careful attention to what's going on around you, both inside and outside the classroom. Write down what you can hear, smell, and touch. Compare your answers with the class. ad the explanations and do Exercise 1. i f i a0 a a1 2 5 READING & VOCABULARY Work in smalt groups. Discuss the questions. a Have you ever had a pet? What was it? How long did you have it for? Why do you think people keep pets? Do you think pets serve a useful function? If so, what function? © Do you think some people get too attached to their pets? d_ What is it that differentiates humans from the animals around us? Match the terms (a-e) with the definitions (1-5). a. sentience 1. an instinctive or intuitive feeling b cognition 2 the capacity to feel perceive or experience © consciousness 3. the state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings demotion 4 the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding e empathy 5 the ability to feel and share the feelings of others Which of these faculties do you think are more common in animals and which in humans? Read this article and identify the faculties that animals demonstrate. Do you think animals really have these capacities, or is it a case of projecting human qualities onto non-human objects or beings (anthropomorphism)? Do Animals iting his head to one side, Scooby stares at me with that quizzical, questioning look of his. 1 can almost heat him asking: me o repeat myself. Think and ¢) Ge pe a ok Springing to life fom his bed he runs to get his leash and quickly returns and barks. Feel? © 5. wharis going onin is head? What was the chough proces from hearing the ‘word “walk’ to fetching the leash? Is Scooby happy? Is ie wrong for me to attribute hhuman feelings and thoughts to my pet? ‘We all know that animals difer from humans, not in kind, but in degree. They have the same faculties; bt these faculties are more of less developed compared to human beings, and proof 10 can be hant co come by, We cannot unequivocally know what any person is thinking, mich less what an animal might be thinking, though animal behavior gives us a window into animal thought and feeling. I'l cite just ewo cases: Having been fed by humans for years, wild dolphins at a resort in Australia began throwing fish 10 hhumans.They were not rejecting food but offering it to the humans, We can tead this behavior in 15 several ways: we can see empathy, generosity reciprocity, and perhaps even humor of pity if clieve thatthe gift was motivated by our incompetence as fishermen! After losing his mate to 4 poacher, « bull elephant stops eating and, crying copiously, shumps to the ground, never to rise again. Other elephants attempt ro comfort the prostrate elephant, bur to no avail, Has the elephant literally died 2 ofa broken heart? Witnessing this scene, ics dificult not to conclude that elephants fee! compassion and heartbreak No matter how you justify ¢ issome degree of feelings in them that can be related to act ‘human beings, Perhaps, we should pause and think about the way mankind 25 has treated animals over the millennia Iris time to see all animals, not just ‘Scooby, as living beings capable of fecling and thinking, and most importantly as creatures that deserve all our love and respect, behavior, we have to conclide that there Work with a partner and discuss the meanings of these expressions in the case history. 2 tilting his head (line 1) d_ hard to come by (line 10) springing to fife (lines 3) slumps to the ground (line 18) € notin kind, but in degree (line 8) # to no avail (line 19) What are the author's author? ews on what animals think and feel? Do you agree or disagree with the| | | GRAMMAR 1 A B 2 3 4 6 7 Make three sentences using one clause from each box: A, B, and C. Having lett his trusty companion to keep an eye on the shiny hew van, Waking up with a jump, Numbed by the efficiency of his new air-conditioning system, he's often spotted scouring the streets between deliveries, Willy sat up to greet his owner Mr. X returned from dinner to find and barked with excitement. that his new mode of transportation had been completely remodeled Under the protection of a warm blanket. Now check your answers. Work with a partner, Look at the participle clauses in Box A in Exercise 1 and answer the questions. ‘8 Which contains: a present participle? a past participle? a perfect participle? What is the subject of each participle clause? © Look at the sentences below and answer the questions. 1 Having i 2 fed by human for yea dolphin hava been fed by liumane for years @ Which sentence, 1 or 2, 1s more likely to be spoken?’ © Which was used in the pet case history on page 65? © What has been added to sentence 2 to replace the partici Rewrite the sentences using participle clauses, @ When I graduated from college, | went on a long vacation. Because | live alone, | don't really do a lot of cooking, © I don't eat candy because I'm on a diet [like to spend the weekends relaxing when I'm tired after a long week at work ‘Are these sentences true for you, for anyone you know, or anyone in your class? Look at this sentence, Where should the word "not" go? le, dolphins showed empathy and gener Jecting food, but offering t Work with your partner. Look at the sentences and add not if necessary. @ Discouraged by the long climb ahead of them, they set off at dawn. b Wanting to offend people, they decided to extend the quest lst to include both family and friends. © Having completed the form, please send it, with a photograph, to the address below. 4 Knowing that arriving on time would make a very bad impression, he left with plenty of time to spare, Rephrase your answers to Exercise 5 without using participle clauses. You may need to add linking words. juraged by the J6 146. Read the explanations and do Exercise 2. Present participle clause Seeing the dog, she braked sharply Past participle clause Encouraged to write from an early age, sie published her first book, ‘when she was twelve Perfect participle clause Having seen the house, she knevr it wasn't worth the price they were askingVOCABULARY 1. Work with a partner. How many collocations with the word mind do you know? 2 Look at the collocations in the sentences (a-i). How many of your collocations from Exercise 1 are in the list? Look at the collocations again. Is mind a verb or a noun in each one? 2 She can't make up her mind whether to buy those shoes or not. They pay really well. They can afford to, mind. © wish Bill would mind his own business. He's always asking personal questions, 4 Jen's invited me to go on vacation with her, but I'm of two minds about going ‘© A.good night out will help you take your mind off your exams. Ill go out of my mind with boredom if | have to stay in this job, 9 Great minds think alike! h Do you believe that healing is a question of mind over matter? A vacation is the last thing on my mind right now. 3. Match the collocations (a-i) in Exercise 2 with the definitions (1-9). 1 the least important problem to deal with right now 2. make you stop worrying or thinking about something 3. make a decision 4 5 to add a comment that makes something you've already said less strong, or general (humorous) used for saying that you are both very clever when you and another person have the same idea 6 tobe uncertain about something or to have difficulty in making a decision 7. not interfere in other people's affairs 8 crazy, insane 9 the boliet t han our bodies and that we can contro! pain or other Unpleasant situations through mind power Which of the collocations would you like to learn? Write a sentence for each of them to help you remember. PRONUNCIATION 1 Ju Listen to a conversation between three people and answer the questions. a What do you think the relationship is between them? b_ What do you think they're talking about? 2 Look at the sentences from the conversation in Exercise 1. Complete them with collocations with mind. a ___ scooting over a little? b not sitting there? © ___ your own business! dThaven't__ yet. Listen again and check your answers. 3. How do the speakers pronounce the underlined sections? ‘@ Would you mind b Do you mind 4 Work with your partner and discuss the questions. Think carefully about the pronunciation of the underlined sections. @ Do you mind if people keep you waiting? b_ Would you mind if someone borrowed something of yours without asking? € When was the last time you spoke your mind? Did you offend anyone? 4 Do you find it difficult to make up your mind?LANGUAGE FOR LIFE 1 Work with a partner. Look at the requests (1-8). Order them from the ‘most polite to the most informal. 1. Do you mind if Ile down here for a while? 6 Give mea pen! 2 Isit OK it we pick you up at six? T Please sian here, 3 Would you mind lending me ten dollars? 8 Would you mind if! 4 Can | copy your homework? asked you to write 5 May! have my book back, please? that report again? 2 Match the requests (1-8) in Exercise 1 with the most appropriate response (a-h), Note that some of the responses can be matched with more than one request. I'm cool with that. f Anything else? b hope you're kidding! 9 It depends. © What book? fh Well to tell the I dor't think you can do that here, truth, fm not really @ What do you mean, sign? comfortable with that. ©\© Listen and check your answers. Did any of the responses seem Inappropriate? 3 1 Listen to the complete conversations. Do the speakers know each other well? Are they just acquaintances or are they complete strangers? What Is the request in each? 4 Work with your partner. Look at the pictures (a-c). Act out one of the situations. Change partners. Choose another situation and change the relationship between the speakers. Act out the conversation in front of the class. Can they guess the relationship between you? 5 Work in small groups. Discuss the questions. ‘2 What other useful phrases do you know for replying to requests? b Do you find it difficult to say no? What tactics do you use to avold saying no outright? What tactics were used in the conversations? © What excuses have you made to get cut of doing something? 4 What sorts of requests get on your nerves? 6 Write down a request. Think of at least six ways of making this request. Ask everyone in the class your request, but vary the way you make it. 7 Work with your class. Discuss the questions. @ How successful were you in making your request? Which manner of making your request was the most successful? © What was the politest negative response you heard? d- What was the most common response? Life Skilis: Learning Skills ‘The Pomodoro Technique “Never do today what you can put off until can customize the length of your Pomodoros tomorrow”. Use the Pomodoro Technique to fit your pace. The difference, especially for to make optimal use of time and reduce the hardcore procrastinators, can be stunning! desire to put things off. Its a cinch to learn! think of the advantages to the technique. First, divide your study time into chunks of Work with a partner to explain the thirty minutes. Turn off all distracting devices benefits below. and focus entirely on the task at hand for 25 Instant success minutes, followed by a 5-minute rest period. ‘You just did one Pomodoro! When you have done four Pomodoros, that is, two hours, take a Jonger rest of up to 30 minutes. Then you can Keep going. Once you get the hang of it, you Time flies Customizable Keeping fresh Efficiency ‘Accomplishment eeeeeEMAILS MAKING AND DECLINING REQUESTS 1. Work with a partner. Read the emails below and decide ... who the sender might be. what requests were made of them. You've gotta be Kidding! ve just hac new carpet put 3t my apartments tke ~ | don't ny don't you ty asking tx? ‘down and you ks ‘even have a backyard {im really sorry, but cant. Ihave big test on Monday and cher time and love co 10 care of Bob [need to study all weekend. Ay Eyer ot Hove you tried en ow se as sometimes Good ck! mH 2 Look at the emails again, Underline the phrases used ... ests, b tosoften the refusal a torefuse the re: 3. Read the emails. Which one would you find the most difficult to refuse? Why? i iting = on managers o work an extre sift ove he wee 5 00 specify minimum of oo sbi youl beable wll do your est o make sre we deliver Please got bck to me asap with your avalabii Guy Hardly 4 Work with your partner. Write a reply to one of the two emails refusing the request and explaining why. Use the expressions you underlined in Exercise 2 to help you. 5 Exchange your email with other students in the class and answer the questions. @ Which email are they replying to? b_ Which reply was the most inventive? ¢ Which excuses were the most unbelievable and which were the most likely?Revi 4A, GRAMMAR 1 Put the words in the correct order to form sentences. supposed to /to the beach / be going / the car / we didn't go / We were / so / broke down / but feel / so / but / going to / last night / do my homework / to bed early / | was / very well / | went due to / heavy fog / We were / by six hours / the plane was / at 8:30 / delayed / leave / but / and /there was b Have you ever found yourself In a similar situation? Tell a partner about i Underline the correct alternative. Children wil laugh at almost anything, () for example / not to say, a funny face or ew B \. some, and the have been removed from the article, Put them back in. ‘Are you shopaholic? Think of your last trip tostores or mall. What did you buy? Did you take list and buy only things you came for? Or did you come home laden down with lots of new ~ but totally unessential - items? There's very litle difference between treating yourself to something new and compulsive shopping. Difference lies in your attitude towards shopping. Compulsive shopper can't stop thinking about shopping, (1 They think about it alltime and only really find relief when they are actually in store, choosing their next purchas (2) As addiction grows, so does deceit, (3) it could be anything: CDs, new pair of shoes, expensive make-up, Men are just as vulnerable as women. Men tend to buy electronic goods or sports equipment, but need to shop and guilt are just same. (4) a strange sound. (2) By contrast / Similarly, 5 Sentences (a-d) are from the article in they love slapstick and farce, things Exercise 4. Match them with the appropriate | (3) Including / such as people walking into place (1-4) in the article. doors or falling into holes. They will even ‘@ Having brought their purchases home, they'll laugh at things they don't really understand, fai aeiaye rede (4) strictly speaking / that is to say, sais mere c jokes aimed at adults full of sophisticated 1 Fealing ity about the money they've spent, word play. They're not laughing because of thei ie about the eres . the joke, (5) or at any rate / particularly, © Finding plegstre in spending more not because ofthe content ofthe joke, but hopping soon becomes an add 4. Once addicted to shopping, they can spend because everybody else is laughing, and they simply want to join in, Do you agree with the text? Why? / Why not? Work with your partner. Choose the correct a alternative. Sometimes both alternatives are possible. once bought a pair of expensive designer jeans that / which | really couldn't afford. My best friend is the kind of person whe / which shops until they drop, On Sunday I went shopping with my family, that / which vas good fun, but not a good ound a real bargain that / who | couldn’ slip through my fingers. Pl Are any of these sentences true for you? Tell your partner. hours at the specifications. line the participle clauses. Rewrite them clauses. Work with your partner. Look at the pictures (1-3). Which sense is being used in each icture? What is it being used for? as >VOCABULARY 1 Complete the expressions with story or tale(s). 4 He told me some cock-and-bull__ about the dog eating his homework b Ihate kids who are tattle-__ © A: So, what happened? B: Don't ask! It's a long___! Do you have similar expressions in your language? Complete the adjectives then answer the a gb e tr_st_ng b plL_s_bl_ f fshy @ ave 9 _nf_tnt_t d sk_pt_ct Choose three adjectives and write definitions for them. Use the expressions in the box to help you. cheat on con fall for _ make out swallow a story lead someone to believe take someone in take someone at their word take someone for aride trick Read your definitions to the class. Can they guess what adjective it is? Complete the sentences with the phrases In the box. down payment impulse buys in bulk ‘overpay shop around @ Idon’t think it makes sense to buy especially not with food ~ you end up throwing most of it away b Wemadea on a house last week! It's ‘our first home; I'm so excited! always ____ before buying anything, from a TV toa loaf of bread, I try not to make __ but it's so difficult to resist the temptation, especially when it comes to shoes, @ Inever __ for anything ~ | just don't have enough money! ‘Are any of these sentences true for you? Tell your partner. 4 Complete the questions with a preposition. a How much money do you need a month to get___? b How much do you usually run __in bills for your telephone and other services? © Do you think it's better to pay __a credit card bill all at once, or in installments? Why? you saving ___ for anything special right now? @ If you are, does that mean you have to cut fon your spending? 5 Look at the verbs in the box. Which would you (or your eyes) do when you .. dart examine gaze observe recognize scan @ look through a newspaper to find a particular piece of information? look hurriedly around a room to find your keys or cell phone as you're leaving to go out? € 100k for a long time into the eyes of someone you love? look carefully at a contract or offical document? see someone you know in 2 crowd? f watch something interesting take place, without being directly involved? Have you done any of these things recently? Tell your partner about what you were doing and why. PRONUNCIATION 1 Look at some words from Units 4-6. Say the words and add them to the table. addiction aggression competition disappointment eccentric economize emotion exorbitant extravagant necessities observation recognize sheepishly sidesplitting superstition sympathy 300 Gatloo prooOs 2 Underline the stressed syllables. ©er Listen, check, and repeat.SPEAKING Work with a partner, Look at the pictures and discuss the questions. @ Which of the phones represented the biggest breakthrough at the time it came out? b_ How many cell phones have you owned? How often do you upd: © Are you happy with the one you have now? Why or why not READING 1 Work in small groups. Discuss. a the functions a cell phone could perform b the extra functions it can perform today. © other functions you think it might be able to perform in ten years’ time, years ago. 2 Read the article about cell phones in the future on page 73. As you read, check (/) the functions you came up with in Exercise 1 and write an asterisk (") next to the ones you didn’t mention. When you're finished, compare your notes with your partner. Which functions would you find most useful? And least useful? Do any of the developments described in the article worry you? 3. The sentences and phrases (a-e) are from the article. Match them with the appropriate places (1-5) in the article, First ofall, don't throw away your cell phone just yet b The next wave will be marked by the rise of augmented reality It was not so long ago that human communication was very different d_ What is perhaps frightening is the vision of the longer term future that some futurists have. © Given that, it hardly seems possible that a device so ubiquitous could go the way of the dinosaur. 4 Do you agree with the article? Or do you think other devices will come to the market?Ce eee enema) poe eaes Rees te Stn Sony Teal Language for Life: Discussing implications oven er ee tens eet reer eet number of mobile devices has surpassed the population ofthe world, Mobile eres) bd eeno sts rr “- Soares Perey eet eerie) reece oy Pere eer ered disk to pagers and fax machines. There © asa time when the Walkman was [eee omen tg core tee ee eee eT) oe Serco peor reed Sore Pare een ee eee eon Se eee cetera een) eer ere end recognition and artificial intelligence. Handling your phone, i.e. yping out eer ty or eeereee ere rT finger-printed screens ~ allthis will seem re eer een er een Cc eee Seer nero eke erent ty ll never be disconnected, making any eee er Peet Sern a er en eee eee ee See cs keyboard will die out and the screen will be +0 used only for playing media, ot for inputting pees — Peed (4) wittbe replaced by a dizect visual eerie a tester ee eee nc ere eee ea screen vill hecome obsolete, Phones ill ake nen een es ete peeecrrert ere tee etary Pere eee nee eee ent en eee Pee eerste between Seen eee eee errr es will be reduced to providing processing eee et ee eee ae eee Peet eee es eto eee eer i eee (reine re cet conto the brain, How can you misplace your es eee ees inside of you? Though for some this is peers Sree beth Peete acre logic of itis pao eee ee roe re augmented beings, with instant access 10 eee tees erin cree Ca ee econ aoe rere et etre ta 5 Complete the words in the glossary with words or phrases from the article. 1: vibrating or rhythmically adie in fegraded ero [7 ‘ot be questioned nga finger or c ‘date and b [I to in d mat ng twisted together dover noun (UI: the speed at which jomething hay noun (Ul: rosperityVOCABULARY & LISTENING 1. Work with a partner. Look at the compound nouns in the box. Match them with these patterns. 1. adjective + noun 2 noun + noun card reader cell phone cellular coverage central heating communication device data network evening meal grocery shopping home-entertainment system payment system remote alert remote control security center speech recognition travel schedule voice call_voicemail 2 Match these definitions with five of the compound nouns in Exercise 1. a asystem which is used to protect your home and alert you to any intruders a device you use to listen to music or radio shows, or to watch movies or TV shows a system for storing and retrieving messages left, for example on your phone supper or dinner @ the act of going out to buy food 3. Work with your partner. Take turns explaining five of the remaining compound nouns in the box in Exercise 1. Do not use either component of the compound noun. A: You can program it to keep your hous B: Central heating. 4 Work with a partner. Look at the picture of a new gadget. What features do you think it will have? | | | 5 @ vw Listen and check the features that the gadget offers. C1 separate keyboard 1 Touch screen C1 earpiece C1 Low cost. O Voice contrat | Oo (1 witi connection inects with other devices 6 Complete the description of the device with the words in the box. accessible earpiece swiping touch screen bugs link up hands-free The newest version of the glasses has a lot going for It, starting with the fact, that it enables users to be completely 0 There is no physical interaction with the device, no (2)__ to be splotched with fingerprints. All commands are done either by voice or by (3) _ with the eyes. The glasses include the nearly invisible (4) that allows you to hear your virtual assistant, The lasses are fully compatible with other devices and easily (5) __with phones and smart watches. Though we love the functionality and it is a huge upgrade over the previous version, it still has some (6) ___ to be worked out, and the price is as yet not (7) to most tech consumers, Wait for the next version if you cant 7 Compare your answers with your partner. Which innovation or innovations do you think would be most popular? Why?GRAMMAR 1. Work with a partner. Look at this sentence from the article on page 73. How many clauses does it contain? Are the clauses .. main clauses? b subordinate clauses? Because you wil command your phone by voice, / you willreceive immediate | 4m feedback from an Al-powered virtual assistant, / and you will never be re-program the disconnected, / making any interaction instant and constant. center nesting Break the sentence down into simple one-clause sentences. Sonaplen, muatctuse a You willbe able to command hee b Youwillbe able to receive home, e-ragtomming © You will never —_ the cena heating You can make instant and and alerting you Ifthe home security system is 2 Compare the original sentence In Exercise 1 with the shorter sentences. | triggered. Circle any differences in the longer sentence and find examples of .. ‘Simple, one-clause use of linkers, dropping subject pronouns and auxiliaries. € use of participle clauses. What is the advantage of the longer sentence? 3 Put the words in the correct order to form complex sentences. ‘a when I can't find them / and generating voice directions, / where I've left them. /'dfove to have a device that locates my car keys / to let me know / by sending a signal to my GPS constantly making recommendations / or searching for, information, / and generally interfering in my life. /| would not want technology / to be implanted in my brain / without my asking ¢ Avirtual assistant will be a great way / as | am often on the road / to have constant access to my contacts / without having to actually grab my phone / and don't always have time to stop my cat. Underline the main clauses. Which feature appeals to you most? Why? 4 Write a multi-clause sentence explaining what you'd like from your cell phone. Compare your sentences with the class. 5 Gata: | page 148. Read the explanations and do Exercise PRONUNCIATION 1 Look at the words In the box. Say the words and add them to the table according to their pronunciation. familiar interactive prototype recognition technology traditional transparent @cOo Boo c¢olen pool Look at the words again and write /2/ above the unstressed syllables where appropriat 2 © 00) Listen and check your answers to Exercise 1, Listen again and repeat the sentences. itiesREADING 1 2 Work with a partner. What does ‘Artificial Intelligence’ mean? Read the highlighted sentence on page 77 and see if your definition from Exercise 1Is the same. Then, answer the questions. 2 In what ways does A. play a role in our lives at present? b How will A. change society in the future? Read the article on page 77 about Artificial Intelligence and see if your answers are the same as the author's. Read the article again and decide If the statements (a-f) are True (7), False (F), or Not Given (N).. Despite its long history, Al. did not despread adoption until much more recently A. in the employment sector is unlikely to lead to significant changes. Targeted marketing and entertainment will soon become a reality Bioengineering Is only one of many uses for A in ical field, There is a trend towards people building closer personal relationships One concern about A.\. is that humans might lose control, ith robots, Complete the words in the glossary with words or phrases from the article. coin verb (Tl: use a word or phrase that noone has @ ted before fava ve jective: describes an atin or change that | Yio etiect | b adjective: independent and able to make f ___ noun (Ci: a new business or activity | adjective: very common | | | le ver the features of something | ina way that seems real but is not | un [C}:a set af rules for solving problems | ging calculations i} 4 ___ adjective: impossible ta avoid or ignore Work in small groups. Look at the four areas in the article again. Which do you think would ... have the most dramatic impact on our way of life? Why? potentially lead to problems for humanity? Why?4 BRI " Although the term was first coined in the 1950s, Artificial Intelligence, or A.1., is now more prevalent than ever. Whether you realize it or not, AI. is all around us, inescapable and continuing to grow. Already, the programs and __ websites we take for granted, like those for searching online or watching 5 videos, use A.I. to anticipate our desires. And with top tech companies all investing heavily in A.I., it doesn’t look like this trend will be slowing down anytime soon. But first, what exactly is A.1.? Basically, itis the concept of @ machine which can simulate any feature of intelligence which was traditionally unique to humans. For example, in recent years, ane type of A.l., machine leerning, has developed at staggering rate, cresting networks thet can imitate the way neurons work in aur own brains. Looking ahead to the future then, it's impossible to predict exactly how A.J. will shape our world, With that said, it's a safe bet that we can expect, heavy A.I. influence in the following areas 2 Fate ans ba A a Fececs tere orvotaa, On tha light oe, epmeraue be ke core Of course, although the possible benefits of A.|. are immense, so too are the dangers, What would happen, for instance, if A.l. became completely autonomous? Would an independent A.l | know how to achieve its goals without bringing harm to humans? Or if we became completely F reliant on A.|., what would happen to our ability to complete even basic tasks? These are but ‘some of the questions facing us as we venture into this brave new world, questions which we must all grapple with in the coming years.GRAMMAR 1. Work with a partner. Look at the verbs and phrases in bold in the Predictions (a-c). Match them with the three categories (1-3). ‘Travel by teleportation and force fields could become scientific realities within decades. b Time travel will definitely be possible in the future pers ‘the future Modals Telegortation will may / ight / could / should be © Teecatiy free eds, on nist re iely Ho uae ret a rela shou some point inthe future. promi wile tne pea {cers io ore surat wl topper 2 fay ender tyou are aos sua this wl happen? saver wt 3. uncertain (you think its possible but you aren't sure) ‘Make the sentences (a-c) negative. What do you notice about the position of definitely In sentence b? Invisibility devices wit (almost) certainly / definitely / easily / probably be perfected — | ‘within ol litetime, | Which predictions do you agree with? The ones in the original sentences or the ones in the negative sentences you just wrote? invisibility devices (almost) | | certainly / definitely / | probably won't be } perfected within our Iitetime. 2 Look at the phrases in the box. Which could be used to replace .. a could? will definitely? © are likely to? | ‘Adverbs with may, might, | | of could could easily Is bound to issureto may may very well might should will almost certainly will probably | ime travel may possibly / | | (very) well easily 3 Rewrite the sentences using the words in parentheses. Seaveaty iorove | a Self-driving cars will replace human drivers by the middle of the century. earecolitear. | Gotintely Phrases \f | b Acure for cancer could easily be within our reach in the next decade. lis sure to/ bound to/ | | (oightytkely) (highly thely to i € The Earth wil eventually be destroyed by overpopulation (sure) tah tay fo || d_ It may well become possible to colonize Mars before the end of the yi . next ter | century. (we should) ‘@ Anyone could soon be incubating babies using artificial wombs. (will) Coastal cities ike Miami and Rio de Janeiro may soon be adversely affected as sea levels rise. (likely) 9 Organ donors are likely to become things of the past, thanks to advances in stem cell technology. (easily) hy Many jobs will be done by computers, creating more free time for human beings. (bound) Change the sentences you don't agree with. Compare your new sentences with your partner * i! page 148. Read the explan: 5. Work in small groups. What will the world be like in twenty years’ time? Make predictions about the following topics. Use a variety of forms from Exercises 1 and 2. the kinds of jobs available to young people | «the size and shape of your home town ns and do Exercise 2. @ new gadgets and appliances in your home the kind of food we'll be eating and the kinds of clothes we'll be wearing ‘© changes to the way people meet, date, and fallin love Share your ideas with the class. Whose predictions are the .. ‘¢ most conservative? ‘© most outlandish?LISTENING & VOCABULARY 1 ©») Listen to two people on a radio show discussing the gadget in the picture. Answer the questions. @ What exactly is the gadget? What can it do? b How do the two people feel about it? 2 Listen again and make notes on the arguments put forward in favor of the device, the arguments put forward against the device. 3 Look at the extracts (a-f) from the radio show in Exercise 1. Who is speaking each time: the man or ‘the woman? What do the words and expressions in bold mean? What coo! new gadget are you Books have gone digital. You've been reading too much hype! | really don’t think any device, no matter how slick and quick and easy to use, can possibly replace a much-loved book. Not to speak of the mountains and mountains of newspapers trashed every single day, f You're definitely sold on the idea. going to wow us with today? 4 Work in small groups. Discuss the questions. ‘a Who does the device appeal to? Would you like to try it? Why? / Why not? b Do you think they'll become as popular as smartphones? © Do you think paper books will disappear from our bookshelves? Why? / Why not? If they did, how would that affect your everyday life and the world around you? SPEAKING 1. Work in small groups. Discuss the questions. Prepare to justify your choices to the rest of the class. ‘2 What do you think were the top five scientific breakthroughs of the last century? Write them in order of importance. b What do you think will be the top five scientific breakthroughs of our present century? Again, write them in order of importan 2. Present your lists to the class. Then discuss the questions. ‘a Which of the past breakthroughs has had the biggest effect on your life and lifestyle? b Which could you happily live without? ich future breakthrough will have the greatest impact on life as we know it?LANGUAGE FOR LIFE 1 Work with a partner. Look at this list of decisions. Discuss what the future implications of each decision might be, © getting a tattoo ‘# having cosmetic surgery choosing which college to go to ‘© coloring your hair bright blue © quitting your job ‘© running for election ‘Are you an impulsive decision-maker or do you usually consider all the implications beforehand? Give examples of decisions you've had to make recently to your partner. 2 205206 Listen to the conversations (1-4), What decisions are the People talking about? Match the conversations with the pictures @a. 3 Look at the extracts (a-i). Which conversation (J, 2, 3, or 4) do they come from? a It's not such a big deal, i it? b Once I've had a chance to think things over. © Once you get one, there's no going | back. | should stop dithering all the time. ‘obviously hacin’t thought through all the possible consequences, keep going around and around in circles. Why don't you sleep on it? It isn’t the end of the world You know, what's done is done and all that. Listen again and check. 4 Look at the useful phrases in bold in Exercise 3, Which useful phrases mean .. 1. to consider something car 2 not very important? 3 adecision cannot be reversed? 4 to.waste time being unable to make a decision? 5 to postpone making a decision? lly? 5 Work with your partner. Student A: look at page 139 and read about the situation. Student B: look at page 140 and read about the situation. You are going to take turns helping your partner discuss a difficult decision. Use the useful phrases in Exercise 3. Life Skills: Interpersonal Skills Tech Fast 1 Class discussion: Look at the pictures. What do they illustrate? Do you think these behaviors should be considered natural or should we avoid them? © What kinds of restrictions do you think should be put on children’s technology use, if any? 2 In groups, come up with three no-tech activities you could do during a tech fast and share them with the class. Compare.ACRONYMS AND COLLOCATIONS 1 Work with a partner. Look at the acronyms and abbreviations In the box and answer the questions. {a Do you know what the letters stand for? Do you know how to say them in English? © Doyou use the same acronyms in your language? 4G GPS MP3 PC PIN wifi Match them with thelr definitions on the right. 2. Match the gadgets and systems in the box in Exercise 1 with the tasks (I-10). Some can be matched with more than one task. 1. connecting to the internet 6 watching a movie 2 checking your email 7 texting 3. instant messaging 8 playing games 4 downloading a podcast 9 finding your way around 5. paying for goods and 10 keeping up with the news services How many of the gadgets or systems do you use at least once a day? What for? 3. Read the article and find out the difference between a digital native and a digital Immigrant. Which are you? Compare your answer with your partner. Digital technology has been part of everyday life for many years 70, 50 logically there's a whole generation of individuals for whom concepts such as the internet and wireless technology are just numdrum, because they've never lived in a world where they didn't exist. These are the so-called digital natives, generally anyone born from 1980 onwards. Digital immigrants are their antithesis, being the folks born earlier who, either reluctantly or enthusiastically, ‘adapted to the digital world and incorporated its tools into their lives. bservation of contrasts such as these has led to what is referred 10 digital nativism, the idea that those who have grown up in the dlgital world have an advantage, not only in terms of using technology, but also because of enhanced cognitive skills developing from 2 multitasking, "always-on" way of life. 4 Work with your partner. Look at the words in the box and answer the questions. ‘a Which (if any) do not collocate with digital? b What does each collocation in a) mean? © What did we have before the digital version? banking broadcasting camera display entertainment friend images learning library life shopping sleep technology thermometer TV universe world Look at the words in the box again. How many can you com! with cyber, e-, or online? 5 Tell your partner how you would update the technology you use In your everyday life if money were no object. What could you live without? 1 __ stands for personal Computer. stands for global positioning system ~ most 2 (satelite navigation systems) in cars, buses, and taxis 3 ___stands for MPeg iio player 3, a method Compressing the size of a ‘computer file that contains sound, especially mu thatit'can be sent quickly by ‘email of over the internet. 4 The stands for wireless, the —— does not actually stand for anything Creates a catchy n ne rhyme. It echoes the use of hi-lused for high fidelity music systems, 5 ___isa personal identification number, used most frequently with benk cards to get cash from an ATM, aan *)SPEAKING 1. Read the statements with some blunders made in real to say? ‘courtrooms. What did they really want The following exchanges all occurred in US courts of law. The questions are accompanied, ‘some instances by the responses of the quick: witted ~ and usually exasperated witnesses. . ngest son, the 20-year-old ° brother who. Did they also go up?” VOCABULARY 1. The words and phrases in the box are all connected to the theme of the law. Work with your partner and categorize them under the headings in the table. arson attorney award damages burglary community service cross-examine embezzlement fine jail sentence lawsuit libel manslaughter probation return a verdict solitary confinement speeding sue the accused to sentence weigh up the evidence a 2 Complete the sentences with words and phrases from Exercise 1. Slander is when you say something about someone which isn’t true, is when you publish it, and that's when people generally take action | | b Ifa person is on trial, the media must refer to them as © someone to claim money from them if they have harmed you in some The jury has to listen to the c id then e@ An is the person who represents you in court. t n be anything from teaching kids to play soccer to cutting the grass. Obviously, it's not pal 9 Once the prosecution has questioned a witness, the defense has the possibility to__ him or her. 3. Choose another three words or phrases from Exercise 1 and write three sentences like the ones in Exercise 2. Give them to your partner to complete.