Logan Cone
12/4/10
5th Period
Apush 24 HW
Identify
1.) Leland Stanford was an American tycoon, robber baron, industrialist, politician and founder of
Stanford University.
2.) Russell Herman Conwell was an American Baptist minister, orator, philanthropist, lawyer, and writer.
He is best remembered as the founder and first president of Temple University in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, and for his inspirational lecture Acres of Diamonds.
3.) James J. Hill was a Canadian-American railroad executive. He was the chief executive officer of a
family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper
Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest. Became known as Empire Builder.
4.) Cornelius Vanderbilt was an American entrepreneur. He built his wealth in shipping and railroads
and was the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family and one of the richest Americans in history.
5.) Charles Dana Gibson was an American graphic artist, best known for his creation of the Gibson Girl,
an iconic representation of the beautiful and independent American woman at the turn of the 20th
century.
6.) Thomas A. Edison was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman who developed many
devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture
camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.
7.) Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist, businessman, entrepreneur and a major
philanthropist.
8.) John Davison Rockefeller was an American oil magnate. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum
industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, he founded the Standard Oil
Company and aggressively ran it until he officially retired in 1897.
9.) J.P. Morgan was an American financier, banker and art collector who dominated corporate finance
and industrial consolidation during his time. In 1892 Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General
Electric and Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.
10.) Henry Grady was a journalist and orator who helped reintegrate the states of the former
Confederacy into the Union after the American Civil War. As a teenager he witnessed probably the
fiercest fighting of that war in his home state and lost his father to a Yankee bullet.
11.) Terence V. Powderly was born in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, the son of Irish Catholic immigrants. He
was a highly visible national spokesman for the working man as head of the Knights of Labor from 1879
until 1893.
12.) Samuel Gompers was an English-born American labor union leader and a key figure in American
labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor, and served as that organization's
president from 1886 to 1894 and from 1895 until his death in 1924.
13.) John Peter Altgeld was the Governor of Illinois from 1893 until 1897. A leading figure of the
Progressive movement, Altgeld improved workplace safety and child labor laws, pardoned three of the
men convicted of the Haymarket Affair, and rejected calls in 1894 to break up the Pullman strike with
force.
14.) The Wabash Case was a Supreme Court decision that severely limited the rights of states to control
interstate commerce. It led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
15.) Vertical integration describes a style of management control. Vertically integrated companies in a
supply chain are united through a common owner. Usually each member of the supply chain produces a
different product or service, and the products combine to satisfy a common need.
16.) The Knights of Labor was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of
the 1880s. Its most important leader was Terence Powderly. The Knights promoted the social and
cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected Socialism and radicalism, demanded the eight-hour day, and
promoted the producers ethic of republicanism.
Questions
1.) The transcontinental played a major role on American society and economy in the 19th century.
Before railroads were only meant to connect water routes so the tracks weren't connected with each
other. Finally in the 1950's railroads began to connect to each other. The rail system provided for fast,
long distance transportation. They diverted traffic from waterways and lessened the West's dependence
on the Mississippi River which weakened the Northwest's connection with the South.
2.) New technology and types of business organization, sometimes employing harsh competitive
practices, led to the growth of huge corporate trusts. Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller led the
way in the steel and oil industries. Initially, the oil industry supplied kerosene for lamps; it eventually
expanded by providing gasoline to fuel automobiles. Cheap steel transformed industries from
construction to rail building, and the powerful railroads dominated the economy and reshaped
American society. An ideological “gospel of wealth” celebrated the wealthy as naturally “fit” and
denigrated poverty as a sign of moral failure.
3.) There were many early efforts to try and control corporate giants. First, Teddy Roosevelt tried to
break up the monopolies, which would allow for prices to be lowered and create more competition.
This worked pretty good because it allowed for more competitive pricing. Then labor unions were
allowed to enter the work force to get better wages for employees which created lots of competition
and better workers. Finally, there was the Sherman anti-trust act. this prevented businesses from
grouping together and gaining a monopoly in whatever they did.
4.) The industrialization played a major effect on the American laborer. The need for unskilled laborers
was reduced by the invention of machines to replace the workers. This caused many Americans to lose
their jobs. The labor organizations tried to stop the competition of the machines versus people. Or at
least slow it down so many people did not lose their jobs because they were replaced by a machine.
5.)Industrialization in the North and South was much different. The North began to prosper once more
like they had done before the civil war, and was only aided by the inventions of new machines and more
efficient means of business. North also aided by huge corporations such as in the oil and steel industries.
Whereas in the South, they had trouble making a big of advancements as the north, because they were
still not fully recovered from the war and had never successfully been a part of an industrialization era
because they were used to just farming and not manufacturing. New South was a slogan for these
specific reasons, that it never fully grew and flourished.
6.) Views such as William Sumner's were very popular during the Gilded age for many reasons.
Millionaires who had worked hard to earn money and had created giant corporations felt as if they had
become successful and had no need or obligation to help out the poor people who had not gone to
school. These rich citizens also felt superior to their fellow beings and had no desire to give away their
money. These views were criticized by those who believed it was the duty of the rich to help and aid the
poor.
7.) Women were the most largely affected group during the new industrial age. This is because women
began to play a larger role in the working class and began to gain new rights they had never previously
had. For example, as industries began to grow, many factories hired women to work machines because
they were cheaper labor then men, so more and more women began to get jobs instead of staying at
home. Women also began to fight for more rights such as the right to vote.
8.) Industrialization brought a revolution in cultural views of labor because more diverse sets of people
began working. You began to see blacks and even women start to work in factories and more and more
corporate giants began to grow because of the additional labor force. It was also a revolution in
opportunity because women began to work and get the opportunity to fight for their rights and earn
their own money. Finally, it can be seen as revolution of the times because it allowed for great changes
in the ear such as the emergence of larger corporate giants and the increase in need for women's rights
such as the right to vote.
