EXO

User Manual
ADVANCED WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLATFORM

Item# 603789 REF

Revision D
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction 4. KOR Software
1.1 EXO1 Sonde Overview 4.1 Introduction to Navigation
1.2 EXO2 Sonde Overview 4.2 Run Menu
1.3 EXO Handheld Overview 4.3 Calibrate Menu
1.4 EXO Cable Overview 4.4 Deploy Menu
1.5 EXO Sensors Overview and Specifications 4.5 Sites Menu
1.6 Conductivity / Temperature 4.6 Data Menu
1.7 Depth and Level 4.7 Options Menu
1.8 Dissolved Oxygen 4.8 Connections Menu
1.9 fDOM 4.9 Help Menu
1.10 Ion-selective Electrodes (ISEs): 4.10 Data Files and File Locations
Ammonium, Nitrate, and Chloride 4.11 SDI-12 and RS-232 Commands
1.11 pH and ORP 4.12 Update Firmware and Software
1.12 Total Algae (Chlorophyll and Sonde and Sensors
Blue-green Algae) Handheld
1.13 Turbidity
5. Calibration
2. Operation 5.1 Introduction to Basic Procedure
2.1 Install Batteries 5.2 Calibrating Conductivity / Temperature
2.2 Install / Remove Sensor Guard or 5.3 Calibrating Dissolved Oxygen
Calibration Cup 5.4 Calibrating Depth
2.3 Install / Remove Sensors 5.5 Calibrating pH
2.4 Install Saltwater Sacrificial Anode 5.6 Calibrating ORP
2.5 Install Coastal Anode Guard Weight 5.7 Calibrating Turbidity
2.6 Install / Remove Anti-fouling Sleeves 5.8 Calibrating Total Algae (Chlorophyll
2.7 Sonde States and LED Descriptions and Blue-green Algae)
2.8 Awake Sonde, Activate Bluetooth 5.9 Calibrating fDOM
Attach Sonde to Handheld 5.10 Calibrating ISEs: Ammonium, Nitrate,
2.9 Field Cable and Chloride
2.10 Bluetooth Wireless Communication 5.11 Calibration Standards
2.11 Install KOR Software 5.12 Calibration Record Sheet
Connect Sonde
2.12 USB 6. Maintenance
2.13 Bluetooth Link to PC 6.1 Sonde Storage, Short-term and Long-term
2.14 Data Collection Platform 6.2 Sonde Maintenance
2.15 Flow Cell 6.3 Install / Replace EXO1 Sonde Batteries
2.16 Connect Field Cables with Cable Coupler and Battery Life
6.4 Install / Replace EXO2 Sonde Batteries
3. Handheld and Battery Life
3.1 Install Batteries 6.5 Replace EXO1 Sonde Bails
3.2 Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery Pack 6.6 Replace EXO2 Sonde Bails
6.7 Update Sonde Firmware
3.3 Power On / Off Handheld 6.8 Handheld Maintenance and Storage
Attach Handheld to Sonde 6.9 Install / Replace Handheld Batteries
3.4 Field Cable 6.10 Update Handheld Firmware and KOR
3.5 Bluetooth Wireless Communication Software on Handheld
3.6 Spot Sampling - View Live Data 6.11 Update Sonde Firmware Using Handheld
3.7 Collecting Data with Handheld 6.12 Depth Sensor Storage and Maintenance
3.8 Managing Sites 6.13 Standard Optical Sensors Maintenance
3.9 Upload Data - Handheld to PC and Storage
3.10 Handheld Options 6.14 Conductivity / Temperature Sensor
Maintenance and Storage

pg |3
Table of Contents, Continued
6.15 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Storage
6.16 DO Sensor Maintenance and Rehydration
6.17 DO Sensor Cap Replacement
6.18 pH and ORP Sensor Storage and Rehydration
6.19 pH / ORP Maintenance
6.20 ISEs: Ammonium, Nitrate, and Chloride
Sensor Storage and Maintenance
6.21 Sensor Module Replacement
6.22 Wiper Maintenance and Storage
6.23 Field Cable Maintenance and Storage
6.24 Connectors Maintenance and Storage
6.25 Antifouling Equipment Maintenance
6.26 Flow Cell Maintenance
6.27 Storage Cases

7. Vented Level Sonde

7.1 Overview
7.2 Vented Level Sonde Installation
7.3 Cables and Desiccants Installation
7.4 Calibration
7.5 Maintenance and Storage

8. Health and Safety, Warranty, Service

8.1 Chemicals
Ammonium and Nitrate Solutions
Conductivity Solutions
pH Solutions
Zobell Solution
Turbidity Standard
Ultraviolet Light (fDOM Sensor)
Lithium-Ion Battery Handling
8.2 Radio Frequency
8.3 Declarations of Conformity
8.4 Instrument Warranty
8.5 Instrument Cleaning and Packing Instructions
8.6 Recycling
Batteries
Rechargeable Li-Battery Pack

pg |4
 EXO  1 Sonde
2.9
1.1 Overview
The EXO1 sonde is a multiparameter instrument that collects water quality data. The sonde collects the
data with up to four user-replaceable sensors and an integral pressure transducer. Each sensor measures
its parameter via a variety of electrochemical, optical, or physical detection methods. Each port accepts
any EXO sensor and automatically recognizes its type. Depending on user-defined settings, the EXO1
will collect data and store it onboard the sonde, transfer the data to a data collection platform (DCP), or
relay it directly to a user’s PC or EXO Handheld. See section 7 for information specific to vented level sondes.

Users communicate with the sonde via a field cable to an

EXO Handheld, Bluetooth® wireless connection to a PC or
EXO Handheld, or a USB connection (via communications
adapter) to a PC.

Specifications
Operating
Environment
Depth Rating 250 meters, 820 feet
Xenoy , Lexan , bronze,
® ®

Material titanium, 316 stainless

steel
Internal Logging
512 MB
Memory Capacity
Universal Sensor Ports
Software Kor Interface Software
Communications Bluetooth, Field Cable,
NOTE: Starting early 2014, EXO sonde
bulkhead material changed from bronze Sonde USB, RS-485;
to titanium. Adapters USB, SDI -12/RS -232
Power
External 9-16 VDC
Internal  2 D - size batteries
Temperature
Operating -5 to 50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
Battery Life 90 days typically
Dimensions
Diameter 4.70 cm,1.85 in
Length 64.77 cm, 25.50 in
Weight 1.42 kg, 3.15 lb w batt.

pg |5
 EXO1 Sonde
599501-xx

Removable Bail
599473

6-Pin Cable Connector

Upper Battery
Compartment Seal
O-ring kit 599680

Battery Compartment

Battery Cover
599052

Lower Battery
Compartment Seal

Pressure Transducer
Opening

Red LED Indicator – Sonde Status

Blue LED Indicator – Bluetooth

On/Off Magnetic Switch for

Power and Bluetooth
Bulkhead

Sensors
Port Plug
599475

Calibration Cup
599786

Sensor Guard
599666, 599563

Guard Weight
599471

pg |6
 EXO2 Sonde
2.9
1.2 Overview
The EXO2 sonde is a multiparameter instrument that collects water quality data. The sonde collects the
data with up to six user-replaceable sensors and an integral pressure transducer. Each sensor measures its
parameter via a variety of electrochemical, optical, or physical detection methods. Each port accepts any EXO
sensor and automatically recognizes the type of sensor. Depending on user-defined settings, the EXO2 will
collect data and store it onboard the sonde, transfer the data to a data collection platform (DCP), or relay it
to a user’s PC or EXO Handheld via cable, USB connection, or Bluetooth connection.

In addition to six standard sensor ports, the EXO2 also has a bulkhead port for a central wiper (or an
additional sensor) and an auxiliary port on top of the sonde. This auxiliary port will allow the user to connect
the EXO2 to other EXO sondes. See section 7 for information
specific to vented level sondes.
Users communicate with the sonde via a field cable to an
EXO Handheld, Bluetooth® wireless connection to a PC or
EXO Handheld, or a USB connection (via communications
adapter) to a PC.

Specifications
Operating
Environment
Depth Rating 250 meters, 820 feet
Xenoy, Lexan, bronze,
Material titanium, 316 stainless
steel
Internal Logging
512 MB
Memory Capacity
Pressure Transducer
Openings Software Kor Interface Software
Communications Bluetooth, Field Cable,
Wiper/Sensor Port Sonde USB, RS-485;
Adapters USB, SDI -12/RS -232
Universal Sensor Ports
Power
External 9-16 VDC
NOTE: Starting early 2014, EXO sonde Internal  4 D - size batteries
bulkhead material changed from bronze
to titanium. Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
Battery Life 90 days typically
Dimensions
Diameter 7.62 cm, 3.00 in
Length 71.1 cm, 28.00 in
Weight 3.60 kg, 7.90 lb w batt.

pg |7
 EXO2 Sonde
599502-xx

Removable Bail
599474
Auxiliary Port
6-Pin Cable Connector

Battery Cap/Pressure Relief Valve

O-ring kit 599681

Battery Compartment Opening

Battery Compartment

On/Off Magnetic Switch for

Power and Bluetooth
Red LED Indicator – Sonde Status
Blue LED Indicator – Bluetooth
Bulkhead

Sensors

Port Plug
599475

Sensor Guard
599667, 599564

Calibration Cup
599316

Central Wiper
599090-01

Guard Weight
599472

pg |8
 EXO Handheld
2.9
1.3 Overview
The EXO Handheld (HH) is a rugged, microcomputer-based instrument that allows the user to display sonde
readings, configure sondes, store and retrieve data, and transfer data from sondes to a computer. Equipped with
GPS, barometer, and custom operating system, the Handheld communicates via Bluetooth wireless technology,
field cable, or USB connector. (NOTE: The USB connection is only used when connecting the Handheld to a
PC.) The unit utilizes an adjustable backlit screen for easy day or night viewing. Pre-installed KOR software
facilitates all user interaction and provides powerful control over data collection.

Top View
Specifications
Barometer Yes

GPS Yes

Audio Speaker Yes

Operating Windows CE 5.0
System
US­B Port
Polycarbonate/ABS
Speaker housing,rated to IP-
Material
67 in factory tests;
polycarbonate lens
Magnet Memory 2 GB
GPS Antenna (internal)
Software Kor Interface Software
Communications Bluetooth, Field Cable,
Back View
USB

Tripod Mount Power

(1) Internal 4 C - size alkaline batteries
or optional Li-Ion Pack
Barometer Temperature
Vent Operating -5 to +50°C
Handstrap Storage -20 to +80°C
Mount Dimensions
Width 11.9 cm, 4.7 in
Battery Cover
Length 22.9 cm, 9.0 in
Weight w. batt. 0.91 kg, 2.1 lb
Handstrap
Mount

pg |9
 EXO Handheld
599150

Bluetooth Indicator

Daylight-viewable
LCD

Soft Keys (2)

Menu
Escape
Navigation Arrows (4)
& Return
Backspace
Tab
Power
Brightness

Alphanumeric
Keypad

Shift

Cable Connector

pg | 10
 EXO Cables
1.4 Overview
The EXO rugged field cable comes in many different lengths and options to meet the needs of your specific
application. Selecting the correct cable length and coupler will ensure the best quality data for your project.
For a full list of cable options and precautions for extended cables, please see the following page.

Strain Relief
Carabiner (2)

Female
(white)
wet-mate Rugged field cable
connector Supports 60 pounds of
long-term weight, and up
to 250 pounds for
brief periods.
Male (black)
wet-mate
connector

Flying Lead Cable
Vented and Non-Vented
A flying lead cable option is available which is
intended for wiring to a data collection platform
(DCP) or a data logger. A vented flying lead
option is for use with a vented sonde only.
See section 7 for more information.

pg | 11
 Cable Options
599431-01 EXO Cable Coupler, Titanium 599040-250 EXO 250 meter Field Cable

599431-02 EXO Cable Coupler, Brass 599040-300 EXO 300 meter Field Cable

599040-2 EXO 2 meter Field Cable 599008-10 EXO 10 meter Flying Lead Cable

599040-4 EXO 4 meter Field Cable 599008-15 EXO 15 meter Flying Lead Cable

599040-10 EXO 10 meter Field Cable 599008-33 EXO 33 meter Flying Lead Cable

599040-15 EXO 15 meter Field Cable 599008-66 EXO 66 meter Flying Lead Cable

599040-33 EXO 33 meter Field Cable 599008-100 EXO 100 meter Flying Lead Cable

599040-66 EXO 66 meter Field Cable 599210-4 EXO 4 meter VENTED Flying Lead Cable

599040-100 EXO 100 meter Field Cable 599210-10 EXO 10 meter VENTED Flying Lead Cable

599040-150 EXO 150 meter Field Cable 599210-15 EXO 15 meter VENTED Flying lead Cable

599040-200 EXO 200 meter Field Cable 599210-33 EXO 33 meter VENTED Flying Lead Cable

Extended Field Cables Precaution

Be aware, longer cables are made to order and there is an eight week lead time to build the product.
There are some limitations for applications using EXO cable lengths greater than 100 meters - whether by
extended cables, or by means of cable-coupling.

A To prevent system problems related to power and signal integrity, make sure you understand the
system limitations if you plan to use cable couplers or extended cables.

Voltage drop through long cables can adversely affect the available power at the sonde.
Here are some techniques to prevent such problems:

• Use Alkaline or high-capacity NiMH batteries in the sonde. This serves a dual purpose of adding weight
in the sonde for profiling applications, as well as preventing system reboots during period of high
current demand.

•Do not use EXO’s USB SOA or Handheld as the sole power source for systems with large payloads
(many optical or high power sensors). These devices do not provide a voltage high enough for use with
extended cables.

•Limit use of EXO’s auxiliary port to lower power devices.

•Power the sondes with a regulated power supply (12V-14V) capable of supplying 1A.
This will ensure sufficient power is reaching the sonde.

pg | 12
 EXO Sensors
1.5 Overview
The EXO product line includes nine sensors that detect a variety of physical, chemical, and biological
properties of natural water. EXO sensors are designed to collect highly accurate data under ever-changing
environmental conditions.

Data Filtering
All EXO sensors share some common embedded software, including the filtering of real-time data. Sensors
acquire environmental data at a constant rate, and use this stream of data as the input to the filtering algorithm
that produces results seen by the user. EXO sondes collect data from the EXO sensors and are able to output
data at rates up to 4 Hz. The EXO sensor data filtering process consists of four components (none of which
is user selectable):

Basic Rolling Filter

The filter is fundamentally a rolling or window average of past acquired inputs to the filter, such that as a
new data value is added to the summation, the oldest data value is removed, and the total summation is
divided by the total number of data values. It is a simple average, just rolling or moving in time. Starting
with the February 2014 software release, different rolling time windows for the filter are now supported.

Data Filtering Modes

Data filtering options are included in the handheld and desktop version of KOR. These settings can be
modified within the Sonde Options menu (Options>Sonde) as well as within the deployment template
settings. NOTE: Making any changes to data filtering options will stop a deployment. As a sonde takes
measurements, it compares new readings to those taken in the previous 2-30 seconds (depending on the
selected option). If the new reading is not significantly different than past measurements, then it merely
factors into the rolling average with older data points to create a smooth curve. If the new reading is
significantly different than past measurements, then it restarts the rolling average of data points.

Averaging options
Default – This mode provides optimum data filtering for all
sensors. Provides the highest accuracy, automatic averaging
during unattended monitoring or fixed mooring. This mode has
up to 40 seconds of filtering on the sensors.
NOTE: This is the mode all sensors ship in and how sensors
filtered data prior to this update.

Accelerated* – This mode should be used for spot sampling and

slow (or paused) depth profiles. The sensors are averaging 5-10
seconds of data in a rolling window, unless there are any outliers. 

Rapid* – This mode should be used where the sonde is moving

quickly through the water, such as with rapid profiling and unique
applications like auvs, gliders, or towed applications.  The data
will be noisy and will never settle on a single steady number.  This
mode has 2-3 second filtering on the sensors.

*TIP: Enable the Vertical Position parameter in the Depth unit

options to view the real-time position of the sonde in the water
column. This is helpful in profiling applications to ensure the
sonde is lowered to the desired depth without waiting for the
Depth data to stabilize.

pg | 13

Confirm averaging settings
To quickly check a sonde’s data filtering options, examine
the summary information at the top of either the desktop
or handheld versions of KOR. On the desktop software, the
word Default, Accelerated, or Rapid will be adjacent to the
sonde’s serial number. Similarly, on the handheld, the letter
D, A, or R will be listed at the top right of the screen.

Adaptive Filtering
The drawback to a basic rolling filter is that response time to an impulse event is delayed, and the more entries
in the average summation, the longer the delay for the result to converge on the true value. To correct this,
the filter algorithm monitors the new data arriving and compares it to the current averaged result, looking
for indication of an impulse event. When new data deviates from the average by more than a predetermined
tolerance, the number of data entries within the rolling average is reduced to a minimum count and the
remaining values are flushed with the new data. The result is a snap to the new value, entirely eliminating
the inherent delay caused by the rolling average.

Outlier Rejection
Every time a newly acquired data value is added, the rolling average entries are scanned for outlier data.
Although such data has already been determined to fall within the tolerances defined above, the remaining
worst offenders are removed from the rolling average calculation. This outlier rejection allows for smoother
continuous data results.

Calibration Stability
During calibration, the filtering is active as described, plus an additional feature works to provide stability
feedback to the user. When the user attempts to calibrate a sensor, the sudden changes in environment are
perceived as impulses or plunge events and the filtering reacts accordingly. The results immediately show the
value of the solution, and after a few moments, the filter incrementally engages fully and supplies the smoothest
data. However, as the sensor and the calibration solution work towards equilibrium, the measurement may
slowly drift. The sensor will monitor the results from the filter and determine if the measurement is stable. It
watches the results and calculates a slope from each and every result to the next. Once the slope settles and
is consistently flat for approximately 30 seconds, the sensor is considered stable. KOR is then notified and
calibration can continue.
Sensor Response Times
Response times for EXO sensors are based on laboratory testing. This testing, though stringent, cannot
mimic the actual response times in the field due to the wide variety of use cases. To characterize an EXO
sensor’s response time, a step change in the sensor’s primary output parameter is applied, and the time to
reach 63% of the final stimulus value is recorded. Repeated characterization of multiple sensors provides the
T63 specification.
Sensor Accuracy Specifications
To maintain accuracy specifications for EXO sensor, we recommend that users calibrate sensors in the lab in
standards with temperatures as close to the ambient temperature of the field water as possible.

pg | 14
 Conductivity/Temperature
2.9
1.6 Sensor Overview
The EXO combination conductivity and temperature sensor should be installed in a sonde in nearly all sonde
applications. Not only will this sensor provide the most accurate and fastest response temperature data, but
it will also provide the best data for the use in temperature compensation for the other EXO probes. The
conductivity data is used to calculate salinity, non-linear function (nLF) conductivity, specific conductance,
and total dissolved solids, and compensate for changes in density of water (as a function of temperature and
salinity) in depth calculations if a depth sensor is installed.
(continued)

Specifications
Conductivity

Default Units microSiemens/centimeter

Conductivity Cell
Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
Range 0 to 200 mS/cm
0-100 mS/cm: ±0.5% of
reading or 0.001 mS/cm,
Accuracy whichever is greater;
100-200 mS/cm: ±1% of
reading
Response T63<2 sec
0.0001 to 0.01 mS/cm
Resolution
range-dependent
Sensor Type 4-electrode nickel cell

Temperature

Default Units °Celsius

Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
-5 to 35°C: ±0.01°C
Accuracy
35 to 50°C: ±0.05°C
Response T63<1 sec

599870-01 Resolution 0.001°C

Sensor Type Thermistor

pg | 15
Temperature Thermistor
The temperature sensor uses a highly stable and aged thermistor with extremely low-drift characteristics. The
thermistor’s resistance changes with temperature. The measured resistance is then converted to temperature
using an algorithm. The temperature sensor receives a multi-point NIST traceable wet calibration and the
accuracy specification of 0.01˚C is valid for expected life of the probe. No calibration or maintenance of the
temperature sensor is required, but accuracy checks can be conducted.
Conductivity Electrodes
The conductivity sensor uses four internal, pure-nickel electrodes to measure solution conductance. Two of
the electrodes are current driven, and two are used to measure the voltage drop. The measured voltage drop is
then converted into a conductance value in milliSiemens (millimhos). To convert this value to a conductivity
value in milliSiemens per cm (mS/cm), the conductance is multiplied by the cell constant that has units of
reciprocal cm (cm-1). The cell constant for the conductivity cell is approximately 5.5/cm ±10%. For most
applications, the cell constant is automatically determined (or confirmed) with each deployment of the system
when the calibration procedure is followed.
Temperature Compensation
EXO sensors have internal thermistors for quality assurance purposes. Turbidity uses the internal thermistor
for temperature compensation, while all other EXO sensors reference the C/T probe for temperature
compensation. To display and log temperature, a C/T probe must be installed in an EXO sonde. Thermistor
readings are logged in the sonde’s raw data–viewable in KOR software–but are not included in data exported
to Excel.

Conductivity = This is a measurement of water conductance from the drive and sense electrodes on the
conductivity electrode. The output is in mS/cm or µS/cm. Note that the conductivity of solutions of
ionic species is highly dependent on temperature, and the conductivity output is NOT compensated for
temperature.

Specific Conductivity = When Specific Conductance is selected, the sonde uses the temperature and
raw conductivity values associated with each determination to generate a specific conductance value
compensated to 25∞C by default. Both the Temperature Coefficient and reference temperature can be
adjusted in the advanced sensor menu under calibration.

nLF Conductivity = The non-linear function (nLF) is defined by the ISO 7888 standard and is applicable
for the temperature compensation of electrolytic conductivity of natural waters. This convention is
typically used in German markets.

Salinity = Salinity is determined automatically from the sonde conductivity and temperature readings
according to algorithms found in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (ed.
1989). The use of the Practical Salinity Scale results in values that are unitless, since the measurements are
carried out in reference to the conductivity of standard seawater at 15 ∞C.

pg | 16
 Depth and Level
1.7 Sensor Overview
EXO measures depth of water with a non-vented strain gauge. (See section 7 if your sonde is equipped with
vented level.) A differential strain gauge transducer measures pressure with one side of the transducer exposed
to the water and the other side exposed to a vacuum. We calculate depth from the pressure exerted by the
water column minus atmospheric pressure. Factors influencing depth measurement include barometric
pressure, water density, and temperature. Calibration in the atmosphere “zeros” the sensor with respect to
the local barometric pressure. A change in barometric pressure will result in a zero shift unless the transducer
is recalibrated to the new pressure.

EXO sondes have intake openings to allow water to act on

the strain gauge. The EXO1 intake is located in the yellow
section between the battery compartment and label of the
sonde.

The EXO2 intake openings are two small holes on the face
of the sonde bulkhead.
(continued)

Specifications
Units PSI, Depth (m, ft, bar)
EXO 2 Depth Intake
Temperature
EXO 1 Depth Intake
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
Shallow: 0 to 33 ft (10 m)
Medium: 0 to 328 ft (100 m)
Range
Deep: 0 to 820 ft (250 m)
Vented: 0 to 33 ft (10 m)
Shallow: ±0.04% FS (±0.013
ft or ±0.004 m)
Medium: ±0.04% FS (±0.13 ft
or ±0.04 m)
Accuracy
Deep: ±0.04% FS (±0.33 ft or
Depth Sensor Location relative ±0.10 m)
to other water quality sensors Vented: ±0.03% FS (±0.010 ft
or ±0.003 m)
(see EXO sonde label)
Response T63<2 sec

Resolution 0.001 ft (0.001 m)

Depth Sensor Location
27.2 cm (EXO1), 13.9 cm (EXO2)
to WQ Sensors Sensor Type Stainless steel strain gauge

pg | 17
 Location of Depth Sensor
Depth sensors on the EXO2 sondes are not on center. When
deploying the sonde vertically, take care to ensure the sonde is
redeployed in same position. Often a marker pin inside a PVC
pipe is used. In horizontal deployments, take care to ensure the
redeployments are always in the same orientation. This is especially
important for the EXO2 sonde because the depth sensor is off-axis.

To assist with consistent horizontal orientation, the EXO2

sonde has an indentation at the top of the sonde for a marker or
positioning pin.

The sonde should be installed with at least 1 cm of water above the

intake ports.

If a conductivity sensor is installed, the depth will be compensated

automatically for changes in the density of water as temperature
and salinity change.
Depth Configuration
EXO sondes must be ordered with a specific depth option:
59950x-00 = no depth
59950x-01 = 0-10 m depth
59950x-02 = 0-100 m depth
59950x-03 = 0-250 m depth
59950x-04 = 0-10 m vented level
(Reference section 7 for more detail on vented level.)

The depth configuration must be chosen at time of ordering. Once

a sonde is shipped with a depth configuration it cannot be changed
by the user.

pg | 18
 Dissolved Oxygen
2.9
1.8 Sensor Overview
The principle of operation of the EXO optical dissolved oxygen sensor is based on the well-documented
concept that dissolved oxygen quenches both the intensity and the lifetime of the luminescence associated
with a carefully chosen chemical dye. The EXO DO sensor operates by shining a blue light of the proper
wavelength on this luminescent dye which is immobilized in a matrix and formed into a disk. The blue
light causes the immobilized dye to luminesce and the lifetime of this dye luminescence is measured via a
photodiode in the probe. To increase the accuracy and stability of the technique, the dye is also irradiated
with red light during part of the measurement cycle to act as a reference in the determination of the
luminescence lifetime.

When there is no oxygen present, the lifetime of the signal

is maximal; as oxygen is introduced to the membrane
surface of the sensor, the lifetime becomes shorter. Thus,
the lifetime of the luminescence is inversely proportional
Sensor Cap to the amount of oxygen present and the relationship
between the oxygen pressure outside the sensor and the
lifetime can be quantified by the Stern-Volmer equation.
For most lifetime-based optical DO sensors, this Stern-
Volmer relationship
Sensor without
Sensor Cap ((Tzero/T) – 1) versus O2 pressure
is not strictly linear (particularly at higher oxygen
pressures) and the data must be processed using analysis by
(continued)
Specifications
Units % Saturation, mg/L
Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
0 to 500% air sat.
Range
0 to 50 mg/L
0-200%: ±1% reading or 1%
air sat., whichever is greater;
200-500%: ±5% reading
Accuracy
0-20 mg/L: ±1% of reading or
0.1 mg/L;
20-50 mg/L: ±5% reading
Response T63<5 sec
0.1% air sat.
Resolution
0.01 mg/L

599100-01; Sensor Type Optical, luminescence lifetime

599110 sensor cap

pg | 19
polynomial non-linear regression. Fortunately, the non-linearity does not change significantly with time
so that, as long as each sensor is characterized with regard to its response to changing oxygen pressure, the
curvature in the relationship does not affect the ability of the sensor to accurately measure oxygen for an
extended period of time.

Variables that Affect DO Measurements

Variables that could affect dissolved oxygen measurements include temperature, salinity, and barometric
pressure. Temperature and salinity are compensated for during instrument calibration and field use with the
use of additional sensors and/or instrument software settings. Barometric pressure relates to the pressure of
oxygen in the calibration environment, and barometric pressure changes due to a change in altitude or local
weather. Generally the effect of barometric pressure is overcome by proper sensor calibration to a standard
pressure. However, if the user measures dissolved oxygen in something besides per cent saturation, then the
EXO DO sensor can store a local barometric reading put into the KOR software (DO % local) or the EXO
handheld can take a live barometric reading with its internal barometer (ODO % EU).

ODO % Sat = Raw DO reading corrected with temperature and local barometric pressure at the time of
calibration. (Local pressure/760 mmHg x 100 = % Sat.)
ODO % Local = Raw DO reading corrected with temperature and % Sat output fixed to 100% regardless of
barometric pressure entry. (The entered local barometric pressure is used by KOR software
for mg/L calculations.)
ODO % EU = ODO % Sat reading corrected with live barometric reading (available only on EXO
Handheld). Fixes the % Sat output to 100%, and conforms to British and EU standards.

pg | 20
 fDOM
1.9 Sensor Overview
The EXO fDOM (Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter) sensor is a fluorescence sensor which detects the
fluorescent component of DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) when exposed to near-ultraviolet (UV) light.
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter
Users might wish to quantify colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in order to determine the amount of
light which is absorbed by stained water and thus is not available for the photosynthesis process carried out
by subsurface aquatic plants and algae. In most cases, fDOM can be used as a surrogate for CDOM.
Quinine Sulfate
A surrogate for fDOM is Quinine Sulfate, which, in acid
solution, fluoresces similarly to dissolved organic matter.
The units of fDOM are quinine sulfate units (QSUs) where
1 QSU = 1 ppb quinine sulfate and thus quinine sulfate is
really a double surrogate for the desired CDOM parameter.

The EXO fDOM sensor shows virtually perfect linearity

(R2=1.0000) on serial dilution of a colorless solution of
A WARNING quinine sulfate. However, on serial dilution of stained water
UV LIGHT field samples, the sensor shows some underlinearity. The
Do not look directly point of underlinearity in field samples varies and is
at end of sensor.
(continued)

Specifications
Quinine Sulfate equivalents
Units
(QSE), ppb
Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
Range 0 to 300 ppb QSE

Response T63<2 sec

Resolution 0.01 ppb QSE

Sensor Type Optical, fluorescence

R2>0.999 for serial dilution
Linearity of 300 ppb Quinine Sulfate
solution
Detection Limit 0.07 ppb QSE
Optics:
365±5 nm
Excitation
Emission 480±40 nm
599104-01

pg | 21
affected by the UV absorbance of the DOM in the water. Testing shows that underlinearity can occur at fDOM
concentrations as low as 50 QSU. This factor means that a field sample with an fDOM reading of 140 QSU will
contain significantly more than double the fDOM of a sample that reads 70 QSU. This effect—good linearity
in colorless quinine sulfate solution, but underlinearity in stained field samples—is also exhibited by other
commercially available fDOM sensors and thus the performance of the EXO sensor is likely to be equivalent
or better than the competition while providing the advantages of easy integration into a multiparameter
package and automatic mechanical cleaning when used in monitoring studies with an EXO2 sonde.

pg | 22
 Ammonium, Nitrate, & Chloride
2.9 Sensors Overview
1.10
A Ammonium, nitrate, and chloride ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) should be used in freshwater applications
only at depths of less than 55 feet (17 meters) and less than 25 psi.

The ammonium and nitrate sensors use a silver/silver chloride wire electrode in a custom filling solution. The
internal solution is separated from the sample medium by a polymer membrane, which selectively interacts
with ammonium or nitrate ions. When the sensor is immersed in water, a potential is established across the
membrane that depends on the relative amounts of ions in the sample and the internal solution. This potential
is read relative to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. (continued)
Specifications
Ammonium - NH4

Units mg/L-N, millivolts

Temperature
Operating 0 to 30˚C
Storage 0 to 30°C
Depth 0 to <55 ft (0 to <17 m)

Range 0 to 200 mg/L-N

±10% of reading or ±2
Accuracy
mg/L-N, whichever is greater
Response T63<30 sec

Resolution 0.01 mg/L

Sensor Type Ion-selective electrode

Conductivity <1500 µS/cm

Nitrate - NO3

Units mg/L-N, millivolts

Temperature
Operating 0 to 30˚C
Storage 0 to 30°C
Depth 0 to <55 ft (0 to <17 m)

Range 0 to 200 mg/L-N

±10% of reading or ±2
Accuracy
mg/L-N, whichever is greater
Response T63<30 sec

Resolution 0.01 mg/L

Sensor Type Ion-selective electrode

599709, 599710, 599711;
599743-01, 599744-01, 599745-01 modules Conductivity <1500 µS/cm

pg | 23
 The chloride sensor uses a solid-state membrane
Specifications (continued) attached to a conductive wire. This sensor operates
Chloride - Cl in a similar fashion to the ammonium and nitrate
sensors.
Units mg/L-Cl, millivolts
For all ISEs, the linear relationship between the
Temperature logarithm of the ammonium, nitrate or chloride
Operating 0 to 30˚C activity and the observed voltage, as predicted by the
Storage 0 to 30°C Nernst equation, is the basis for the determination.

Depth 0 to <55 ft (0 to <17 m) Ammonium is calculated from the pH, salinity, and
temperature readings. If a pH sensor is not in use,
Range 0 to 18000 mg/L-Cl the instrument will assume the sample is neutral
(pH 7) for the calculation. If a conductivity sensor
±15% of reading or ±5
Accuracy (salinity) is not in use, the instrument will use the
mg/L-Cl, whichever is greater
salinity correction value entered in the ammonium
Response T63<30 sec sensor calibration screen for the calculation.
Resolution 0.01 mg/L Replaceable Sensor Module
The EXO ammonium, chloride, and nitrate sensors
Sensor Type Ion-selective electrode have a unique design that incorporates a user-
replaceable sensor tip (module) and a reusable
Salinity 30 psu
sensor base that houses the processing electronics,
NOTE: Qualification testing for chloride was performed memory, and wet-mate connector. This allows users
in a stirred calibration solution. Due to the solid state to reduce the costs associated with these sensors by
nature of the chloride ISE, the sensor exhibits moderate only replacing the relatively inexpensive module
flow dependence. Mitigation can be achieved by stirring periodically and not the more costly base.
during calibration.
The connection of the module to the sensor base is
designed for one connection only and the procedure must be conducted in an indoor and dry environment.
Once installed the module cannot be removed until you are prepared to replace it with a new module.
See section 6.21 for detailed instructions.

The typical life expectancy of an ISE sensor is three to six months, depending on use.

A Precautions

• ISEs are intended for sampling purposes and must be calibrated frequently due to sensor drift.

• ISEs can be used in long-term deployments for qualitative trends. Use with an EXO wiper will deform the
brush over time and may require more frequent brush replacement. The brush deformation may intensify
with the fouling present in the monitored environment.

• ISE sensors only come in guarded configurations. Customers should not remove the plastic guard
that protects the ISE membrane.

• For long-term deployments, sensor data should be compared to that of grab samples throughout
the monitoring period to note drift.

For a full list of precautions see the end of section 5.10

pg | 24
 2.9 pH
1.11 and ORP
Sensor Overview
Users can choose between a pH sensor or a combination pH/ORP sensor to measure these parameters. pH
describes the acid and base characteristics of water. A pH of 7.0 is neutral; values below 7 are acidic; values
above 7 are alkaline. ORP designates the oxidizing-reducing potential of a water sample and is useful for
water which contains a high concentration of redox-active species, such as the salts of many metals and strong
oxidizing (chlorine) and reducing (sulfite ion) agents. However, ORP is a non-specific measurement—the
measured potential is reflective of a combination of the effects of all the dissolved species in the medium.
Users should be careful not to overinterpret ORP data unless specific information about the site is known.
(continued)

Specifications
pH

Units pH units
Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage 0 to 60°C
Range 0 to 14 units
±0.1 pH units within ±10°C
of calibration temperature;
Accuracy
±0.2 pH units for entire temp
range
Response T63<3 sec

Resolution 0.01 units

Sensor Type Glass combination electrode

ORP

Units millivolts
Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage 0 to 60°C
Range -999 to +999 mV
±20 mV in Redox standard
Accuracy
solution
Response T63<5 sec

599701, 599702, 599705, 599706; Resolution 0.1 mV

599795-01, 599795-02, 599797-01,
599797-02 modules
Sensor Type Platinum button

pg | 25
Replaceable Sensor Module
The EXO pH and pH/ORP sensors have a unique design that incorporates a user-replaceable sensor tip
(module) and a reusable sensor base that houses the processing electronics, memory, and wet-mate connector.
This allows users to reduce the costs associated with pH and pH/ORP sensors by only replacing the relatively
inexpensive module periodically and not the more costly base.

The connection of the module to the sensor base is designed for one connection only and the procedure must
be conducted in an indoor and dry environment. Once installed the module cannot be removed until you
are prepared to replace it with a new module. See section 6.21 for detailed instructions.

Users must order either a pH or pH/ORP sensor. Once ordered the sensor is only compatible with like-model
sensor modules. For example, if a pH sensor is purchased initially, then the user must order a replaceable pH
sensor module in the future; it cannot be replaced with a pH/ORP module.
Electrodes
EXO measures pH with two electrodes combined in the same probe: one for hydrogen ions and one as a
reference. The sensor is a glass bulb filled with a solution of stable pH (usually 7) and the inside of the glass
surface experiences constant binding of H+ ions. The outside of the bulb is exposed to the sample, where the
concentration of hydrogen ions varies. The resulting differential creates a potential read by the meter versus
the stable potential of the reference.

The ORP of the media is measured by the difference in potential between an electrode which is relatively
chemically inert and a reference electrode. The ORP sensor consists of a platinum button found on the tip
of the probe. The potential associated with this metal is read versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode of
the combination sensor that utilizes gelled electrolyte. ORP values are presented in millivolts and are not
compensated for temperature.

Signal Quality
Signal conditioning electronics within the pH sensor module improve response, increase stability, and reduce
proximal interference during calibration. Amplification (buffering) in the sensor head is used to eliminate
any issue of humidity in the front-end circuitry and reduce noise.

pg | 26
 Total Algae­(Chl & BGA)
1.12 Sensor Overview
The EXO total algae sensor is a dual-channel fluorescence sensor that generates two independent data sets;
one resulting from a blue excitation beam that directly excites the chlorophyll a molecule, present in all
photosynthetic cells, and a second from an orange excitation beam that excites the phycocyanin accessory
pigment found in blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). This orange excitation triggers a transfer of energy from
the phycocyanin to the central chlorophyll a, where photosynthesis is initiated.
(continued)

Specifications
Units
Chlorophyll RFU, µg/L Chl
BGA - PC RFU, µg/L PC
BGA-PE RFU, µg/L PE
Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
Chl: 0-100 RFU, 0-400 µg/L
Chl*; BGA-PC: 0-100 RFU,
Range
0-100 µg/L*; BGA-PE: 0-100
RFU, 0-280 µg/L*
Response T63<2 sec
Chl: 0.01 RFU, 0.01 µg/L Chl;
Resolution BGA-PC: 0.01 RFU, 0.01 µg/L;
BGA-PE: 0.01 RFU, 0.01 µg/L
Sensor Type Optical, fluorescence
Chl: R2>0.999 for serial dilution
of Rhodamine WT solution from
0-400 µg/L Chl equivalents
BGA-PC: R2>0.999 for serial
dilution of Rhodamine WT
Linearity
solution from 0-100 µg/L PC
equivalents; BGA-PE: R2>0.999
for serial dilution of Rhodamine
WT solution from 0-280 µg/L PE
equivalents
Optics: .
Chl Excitation 470±15 nm
PC Excitation 590±15 nm

PE Excitation 525±15 nm

Emission 685±20 nm

599102-01 (Phycocyanin) *Pigment concentration ranges of algae sensors were determined in

monocultures of specific algae species. This range will vary depending
599103-01 (Phycoerythrin) on algae assemblage and environmental conditions. For accurate
pigment concentration estimates at particular sites or samples, the user
must determine the RFU to pigment concentration relationship on a
site-by-site basis.

pg | 27
Although blue-green algae contain chlorophyll a, the chlorophyll fluorescence signal detected by in situ
fluorometers is weaker than in eukaryotic phytoplankton. This results in an underestimate of algae biomass
when using a single-channel chlorophyll sensor when blue-green algae are present. The EXO total algae sensor
generates a more accurate total biomass estimate of the planktonic autotrophic community by exciting chlorophyll
a, phycocyanin or phycoerythrin.

The sensor generates data in three formats: RAW, RFU, and an estimate of the pigment concentration in μg/L.

The RAW value is a value unaffected by user calibrations and provides a range from 0-100, representing the per
cent of full scale that the sensor detects in a sample. This parameter is typically used for diagnostic purposes only.

RFU stands for Relative Fluorescence Units and is used to set sensor output relative to a stable secondary
standard, such as Rhodamine WT dye. This allows users to calibrate sensors identically; for example, calibrating
all sensors in a network to read 100 RFU in a concentration of Rhodamine WT dye. The sensors can then be
deployed and generate data that is relative to all other sensors. Once a sensor is retrieved, it can be checked
against that same standard to assess sensor performance, drift, or the potential effects of biofouling.

The μg/L output generates an estimate of pigment concentration. The relationship between μg/L and sensor’s
RAW signal should be developed through following standard operating procedures of sampling the water body
of interest, collecting sensor data from sample, and then extracting the pigment to establish a correlation. The
higher the temporal and spatial resolution of the sampling, the more accurate this estimate will be.

Chlorophyll
The EXO chlorophyll sensor operates on the in vivo fluorescence principle with no disruption of the cells
required to obtain either spot readings or long-term data. The EXO sensor has an excellent detection limit as
determined under laboratory conditions and this advantage should be realized in many field applications.

EXO chlorophyll readings show excellent linearity on serial dilution of a surrogate solution of Rhodamine WT
(R2>0.9999) and this should ensure relative accuracy of field chlorophyll readings, i.e., a chlorophyll reading
of 100 units will represent twice the algal content of water with a chlorophyll reading of 50 units. Also, EXO
chlorophyll readings show very low interference from turbidity, allowing for more accurate determination of
algal content during rainfall events which release both sediment and algae into the water. The EXO chlorophyll
sensor also exhibits very low interference from dissolved organics, increasing data accuracy.

Blue-green Algae
The EXO BGA readings show excellent linearity on serial dilution of a surrogate solution of Rhodamine WT
(R2>0.9999) and this should ensure relative accuracy of field BGA readings, i.e., a BGA reading of 100 units will
represent twice the algal content of water with a BGA reading of 50 units.

pg | 28
 Turbidity
2.9 Sensor Overview
1.13
Turbidity is the indirect measurement of the suspended solid concentration in water and is typically
determined by shining a light beam into the sample solution and then measuring the light that is scattered
off of the particles which are present. The suspended solid concentration is an important water quality factor
and is a fundamental measure of environmental change. The source of the suspended solids varies in nature
(examples include silt, clay, sand, algae, organic matter) but all particles will impact the light transmittance
and result in a turbidity signal.

The EXO Turbidity sensor employs a near-infrared light source and detects scattering at 90 degrees of the
incident light beam. According to ASTM D7315 method,
this type of turbidity sensor has been characterized as a
nephelometric near-IR turbidimeter, non-ratiometric#.
This method calls for this sensor type to report values in
formazin nephelometric units (FNU). FNU is the default
calibration unit for the EXO sensor but users are able to
change calibration units to nephelometric turbidity units
(NTU), raw sensor signal (RAW), or total suspended
solids (TSS) assuming the user enters the appropriate
correlation data.

The RAW value is a value unaffected by user calibrations

and provides a range from 0-100, representing the per cent
of full scale that the sensor detects in a sample. (continued)

Specifications
Default Units FNU
Temperature
Operating -5 to +50°C
Storage -20 to +80°C
Range 0 to 4000 FNU
0-999 FNU: 0.3 FNU or
±2% of reading, whichever is
Accuracy
greater; 1000-4000 FNU: ±5%
of reading
Response T63<2 sec
0-999 FNU: 0.01 FNU
Resolution
1000-4000 FNU: 0.1 FNU
Sensor Type Optical, 90° scatter
Optics: .
Excitation 860±15 nm

#
ASTM D7315-07a “Test Method for Determination of
599101-01 Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode.”

pg | 29
While all turbidity sensors will read consistently in formazin, other calibration solutions and field readings
will vary between different models of turbidity sensors. These differences are thought to be a result of differing
optical components and geometries and the resulting detection of varying suspended sediment characteristics.
This effect is inherent in the nature of every turbidity sensor, and as a result readings between different model
turbidity sensors are likely to show different field values even after calibration in the same standards.

For long-term, in situ continuous monitoring of turbidity, the EXO2 sonde has a wiper to clean the turbidity
sensor to avoid sensor fouling and maintain accuracy.

pg | 30
 Install Batteries
2.1
The EXO1 Sonde uses two (2) D-cell alkaline batteries and the EXO2 Sonde uses four (4) D-cell alkaline
batteries as the recommended power source. Alternatively, the sonde may use rechargeable 1.5V high-
capacity NiMH D-cell batteries that you purchase. (Do not use Ni-Cad or Lithium batteries in the EXO
sonde.) For detailed installation instructions please see section 6.3 for EXO1 and 6.4 for EXO2.

A Do not use 3.6V Li batteries in the sondes.

Damage to the circuit board is not covered under warranty.

1. Remove battery cover.

EXO1: Twist the blue battery cover counterclockwise to
loosen, lift up to remove. Use included wrench to loosen,
EXO1 if necessary.

A Do not remove the screws on the sonde’s

electronics compartment.

EXO2: Unscrew and remove battery cap. Use included

wrench to loosen, if necessary.

2. Install batteries.
EXO1 EXO1: Lift up the rubber flaps (not shown at left), which
help reduce vibration against the battery cover.

EXO1 and EXO2: Insert the batteries with positive

wrench terminals (+) facing up and negative terminals (-) facing
down toward the probes.
EXO2 top

3. Replace battery cover.

NOTE: Before replacing the battery cover, inspect and
service the o-rings. Ensure that the o-rings are not nicked
or torn and that they have no contaminants or particles on
them or the sealing surfaces inside the battery cover. Then
apply a thin coat of Krytox® lubricant to each o-ring and
sealing surface.

EXO2 + Replace the battery cover or cap and tighten until snug.
Do not overtighten.
–

pg | 31
 Install/Remove Guard or
2.2 Calibration Cup
Sonde guards protect EXO sensors from impact throughout deployment. Users must install the guard prior
to data collection. The calibration cup (cal cup) is used for storage and calibration. We recommend using
two guards: one for field deployments and a second used exclusively for calibrations. Using a second guard
will minimize calibration solution contamination (especially for turbidity). EXO calibration cups install over
an installed sonde guard. This configuration reduces the amount of standards required for calibration and
protects the sensors during calibration.

1 Install/remove sonde guard.

Install guard by threading it onto the sonde bulkhead
threads. Rotate the guard clockwise on the bulkhead to
install, taking care not to pinch your fingers. Rotate it
counterclockwise to remove. Always use one guard for
deployment/storage and the other for calibration only.
A Take care not to let the guard damage unguarded pH or
pH/ORP sensors when installing and removing.

2 Install/remove calibration cup.

Before installation, loosen (but do not remove) the
cup’s clamping ring. Then, with the sonde guard already
installed, slide the cal cup over the guard until the bottom
of the guard rests against the bottom of the cal cup. Tighten
the ring until snug. To remove the cal cup, loosen the ring
by 1/4 turn and pull the guard free from the cup.

pg | 32
 Install/Remove Sensors
2.3
EXO sensors have identical connectors and identify themselves via onboard firmware; therefore, users can
install any probe into any universal sonde port. The exception is the wiper for the EXO2 sonde, which must
be installed in the central Port 7. Individual ports are physically identified by an engraved number on the
sonde bulkhead. Although the probes are wet-mateable, users should clean, lubricate, and dry the sonde and
sensors connectors prior to installation or service, when possible.

1 Remove probe or port plug.

Remove the calibration cup and sensor guard from the
sonde. Place the sonde on a clean, flat surface and prevent
it from rolling.

If removing a sensor or port plug, use the probe tool in the

locking nut and rotate counterclockwise to loosen. Pull the
probe straight out of the port and place on a clean surface.
Remove hydration caps or buffer bottles on probes. Wipe
dry with a clean, lint-free cloth.

2 Clean port and install sensor.

Visually inspect the port for contamination. If the port
is dirty or wet, clean it with a clean, lint-free cloth or
compressed air. Apply a light coat of Krytox grease to the
rubber mating surfaces of the connector (not the -o-ring)
and a small dab of Krytox grease on the threads of the
locking nut.

Insert the sensor into the port by properly aligning the

connectors’ pins and sleeves (male and female contacts);
then press them firmly together.

3 Tighten locking nut.

Taking care not to cross-thread the grooves, finger-tighten
the locking nut clockwise. When the nut and o-ring are
seated against the bulkhead, tighten the nut with probe tool
1/4 turn until snug. Once sensors or plugs are installed,
reinstall the sensor guard to protect sensors from impact
damage.
Take care not to twist the probe body when tightening and
A loosening the locking nut. Excessive twisting of the probe
can damage the connector and is not covered
under warranty.

pg | 33
 Install Saltwater
2.4 Sacrificial Anode
One of two EXO saltwater anode kits are required for sondes continuously deployed in corrosive media,
particularly saltwater or brackish estuarine water. This section describes the anode that installs in a sensor port
(#599595). The next section describes the anode that attaches to a metal sensor guard (#599520 or #599521).
A “sacrificial anode” is commonly used in marine applications to minimize corrosion damage to all
metallic parts of ships. Elemental zinc is used as the sacrificial anode because it is more easily oxidized
than most other metals. A replaceable block of zinc is installed in electrical contact with other metals that
are susceptible to saltwater corrosion, and the zinc is preferentially oxidized (or corroded), thus preventing
damage to other metal components. The metal on the EXO’s bulkhead, probe housings, and optional
antifouling guard benefit from the use of a sacrificial anode.

NOTE: Early 2014 sonde models include a titanium

bulkhead and connectors. This new feature eliminates the
need to use an anode, however all older sondes with a
bronze alloy do require an anode to prevent damage.

1  Grease threads.
Apply a light coating of lubricant to the connector threads
to prevent binding. Apply a light coating of lubricant to the
anode base’s o-ring and threads.

2 Install the anode base.

Insert the anode base in an available sensor port and screw
down the retaining ring until snug.

3 Install the anode.

Install the sacrificial anode in the anode base, twisting until
anode is snug.

When the first anode deteriorates, replace with the second

anode in the kit. When both anodes have been consumed,
purchase a new anode kit.

pg | 34
 Install Coastal Anode
2.5 Guard Weight
The EXO Coastal Anode Guard Weight is the alternative zinc solution that does not occupy a sensor port. The
anode is available in two sizes—for EXO1 sondes (#599520) and for EXO2 sondes (#599521)—and attaches
to the base of an antifouling sensor guard. As with the other anode solution, zincs are not required on early
2014 sonde models which feature a titanium bulkhead.

1  Attach hardware to anode.

Equip the end of the socket-head screw with the washer.
Then insert the screw into the anode base.

2 Attach anode to sensor guard.

Attach the anode weight to the endcap of the
antifouling guard.

Use an Allen or torque wrench to turn the socket-head

screw inside the anode weight. Turn clockwise, and tighten
until snug (torque to 24-30 inch pounds).
Do not over tighten.

A Only use the anode weight in combination with the

EXO antifouling guard. If you attach the anode weight to a
polymer EXO sensor guard, then the anode will lose all its
protective qualities. (Order antifouling guards separately:
EXO1, #599563 or EXO2, #599564.)

pg | 35
 Install/Remove
2.6 Anti-fouling Sleeves
The Anti-Fouling Protective Sleeve Kit (#599663) contains plastic sonde and probe covers used for
long-term deployments. The kit includes sleeves for the sonde, individual sensors, and the central
wiper that are heat shrunk to be form-fitting. Throughout a deployment, biofouling will collect on
the sleeve rather than directly on the instrument, significantly reducing cleaning and maintenance.
Review these instructions below for proper installation and removal of the protective sleeves.

mark
1 Fitting the probe sleeves.
a. Prior to installation, ensure all probes are detached from
mark the sonde body.
b. Insert a probe into a protective sleeve. Line up the edge
of the plastic sleeve with the bottom edge of the probe
housing nearest the connector; then use a marker to note
where the sleeve begins to overhang the top edge of the
probe head.
• For C/T, indicate two lines above and below the vent
hole to ensure its exposure during deployment.
c. Remove the sleeve from the probe and cut it at the
x x
marked area(s) to remove excess plastic. Once
cut appropriately sized, slide the anti-fouling sleeve back
onto the probe.
x cut • For C/T, slide both pieces of the sleeve back onto the
probe and ensure the vent hole remains exposed.
d. Repeat this process with all probes except the EXO
central wiper (see next instructions).

2 Fitting the EXO2 central wiper sleeve.

The central wiper sleeve is comprised of two pieces.
x a. Loosen the set screw with a 0.05 in. Allen wrench and
mark, remove the wiper brush assembly.
remove,
and cut b. Slide the large central wiper sleeve onto the wiper housing
at the brush end until it fits snugly into the brush guard.
The sleeve can be slipped between the guard and the
housing by gently pulling the brush guard away from the
housing. Use a marker to note where the sleeve begins to
overhang the edge of the wiper housing.
mark,
remove, c. Remove the sleeve from the wiper and cut it at the marked
and cut area to remove excess plastic.
x
d. Slide the remaining plastic onto the connector end of the
wiper until it touches the bottom of the brush guard. Use a
marker to note where the plastic begins to overhang the
wiper housing.
pg | 36
 e. Remove the sleeve from the probe and cut it at the
slide on marked area to remove the excess plastic.
f. Once both pieces of the sleeve are appropriately sized,
slide them back onto the wiper.

3 Fitting the EXO2 sonde sleeve.

Install all probes and the guard onto the sonde. Equip the
sonde with a protective sleeve starting at the bail end of
the sonde for easiest installation. Line up the end of the
plastic with the top of the sonde body (in yellow).

4 Heat-shrinking the sleeves.

To form-fit the plastic to the equipment, you must heat
shrink the sleeves using one of two methods:

Heat Gun/Hair Dryer (Highest Setting)

Do not hold heat on any one spot for more than one
second. Move the heat back and forth and continue to
rotate the equipment until the plastic clings tightly to
it. This process should take less than 5 seconds with
a heat gun and 15-20 seconds with a hair dryer on its
highest setting.

NOTE: If using the heat gun method, shrink the sleeves on the probes first, install the probes in the sonde,
and install the guard. Then shrink the sonde sleeve.

Oven/Toaster Oven
Pre-heat oven to approximately 65-70°C.

A DO NOT exceed 80°C or you will damage components of the sonde and sensors.

Insert the equipment by gripping the sonde by the bail and not by the sonde’s sleeve. If possible, the sonde
should be in the upright position when placed in the oven. Laying the sonde on its side, resting on a grate
or rack, could cause inconsistencies in the shrinking process. Safely remove it with gloves once the sleeves
visibly cling to the instrument.

NOTE: With either method, small air bubbles may appear in the sleeve. This is expected and will not affect
the performance of the sleeve.

5 Removing the sleeves after use.

To remove the sleeves, find the perforation in the plastic. Pull down on this from the top. If unable to
remove the sleeve with this approach, simply cut the plastic. Do so cautiously, so as to not damage
the instrument.

A DO NOT use a sharp instrument in an attempt to cut the sleeve off. This could cut through the sleeve
and into your sonde or probe, causing damage to your equipment.

pg | 37
 Sonde States and
2.7 LED Descriptions
States
An EXO sonde is always in one of three operational states: Off, Awake, and Asleep. These states determine the
sonde’s current power usage and logging potential. When Off , the sonde is not powered and cannot collect
data (no batteries installed, no topside power). Users can apply power to the sonde internally, using batteries,
or externally with an EXO field cable attached from the topside port to an EXO Handheld, DCP or other
approved power source. Once power is applied to a sonde, it is either Awake or Asleep.

When in an Asleep state, the sonde remains in a very low

power setting and waits for a user command or its next
States
scheduled logging interval. An Awake sonde is fully powered
Off: Not powered, no data and ready to collect data. Once awakened, a sonde remains
collection. Awake for five minutes after its last communication via
Asleep: Low power. Waiting for Bluetooth or 30 seconds after its last communication via
command. the topside port. The sonde also automatically awakens 15
Awake: Full power. Ready to seconds before its next scheduled logging interval.
collect. LED Indicators
Each sonde has two LED indicators that show the sonde’s
LED Indicators status. The blue LED indicates the Bluetooth’s wireless
Blue LED – Bluetooth connection status. The red LED indicates the sonde’s current
None: Off, not active. state.
On Solid: On, not linked. The Bluetooth light (blue) is activated by a magnet swipe at
2 Hz Blink: On, successfully linked. the magnetic activation area. When the blue LED is off, the
Bluetooth is disabled. When the light is on continuously, the
Red LED – Sonde State Bluetooth is enabled, but no link has been established. When
the blue LED blinks at 2 Hz, the sonde’s Bluetooth is on, and
None: Sonde is Off or Asleep
has established a link.
with logging disabled.
0.1 Hz Blink: Sonde is Asleep with When the red sonde state LED is off, the sonde is either Off
logging enabled. or Asleep and not logging. When it blinks at 0.1 Hz (once
1 Hz Blink: Sonde is Awake. every 10 seconds), the sonde is Asleep and logging is enabled.
On: Sonde is Awake with faults. When the red light blinks at 1 Hz, the sonde is Awake and
has no faults. If the red light is lit continuously, the sonde is
Awake and has detected faults, such as problems with the
system that need to be fixed prior to use.

Modes
Within the Awake state, the sonde has three modes, which
are activated via Kor software. When “Inactive (Off),” the
sonde does not log any data. In “Real-Time” mode, the
sonde continuously collects data at a user-specified interval
(default is 2 Hz). “Sample/Hold” mode allows users to easily
synchronize data between the sonde’s data logger and an
external data collection platform.

pg | 38
 Awaken Sonde,
2.8 Activate Bluetooth
Once power is applied to the sonde, internally or externally, users can awaken their sondes from Sleep state using
any of several methods. Primarily, users activate EXO sondes and the Bluetooth connections via a magnetic
switch installed in sonde’s electronics compartment. The sonde will automatically disable the connection and
go to sleep once it has not received a Bluetooth signal for 5 minutes or a signal from the topside connector
for 30 seconds. In order to activate their sondes, users should keep a magnet with them when setting up and
deploying sondes. For more information on sonde states and LEDs, see section 2.7.

1 Awaken sonde with magnet.

Users can make their sonde go to the Awake state by
holding a magnet at the magnetic activation area on the
sonde’s bulkhead (identified by the illustrated magnet
symbol on the label). Simply hold the magnet within
magnet one (1) cm of the symbol until the LEDs activate. EXO
(inside tool)
Handhelds and sensor tools contain embedded magnets
identified by the same symbol.

NOTE: A new magnetic tool is available.

Item #599469 “EXO Sensor Tool Kit”.

2 Awaken sonde without magnet.

Users can also make their sonde go to the Awake state
using any of the following methods.
• Cycling power to the sonde (uninstalling/installing
batteries).
• Communicating via the topside port.
• Inserting a sensor.
In addition to these manual methods, the sonde also
automatically awakens for scheduled unattended logging
(programmed in KOR).

3 Activate sonde’s Bluetooth.

Users activate Bluetooth by holding a magnet at the
magnetic activation area in the same way as described in
Step 1. In addition to magnetic activation, users can also
activate Bluetooth by:
• Cycling power to the sonde (uninstalling/installing
batteries).
• Enabling Bluetooth via a connection at the topside port
in KOR.

pg | 39
 Attach Sonde to Handheld
2.9 Field Cable
All EXO cables have 6-pin and wet-mateable connectors. (Connectors on vented level cables have 5 pins and a
vent pin.) Each cable also incorporates a strain relief mechanism to alleviate stress on the connector. Because
Bluetooth wireless will not pass through water, users must use the cable to connect to the sonde when
it is submerged and taking real-time field readings that are being viewed by the user or logged by a data
collection platform.

1 Attach cable to sonde.

Apply a light layer of Krytox grease to the male pins and
rubber surface of the connector on the cable and the female
connector on the sonde.
For the EXO1 sonde, first attach the cable’s strain relief to
the sonde’s bail with a carabiner. Then press in the cable’s
male 6-pin connector, and screw down the retaining collar.
(For the EXO2 sonde, the strain relief can be connected
after the cable and collar.)
The cable’s strain relief is designed to capture the sonde in
case of failure of the connector.

2 Attach cable to handheld.

Apply a light layer of Krytox grease to the male pins on the
handheld and the female connector on the cable. Press on
the female 6-pin connector, then screw down the retaining
collar. Connect the strain relief to the Handheld’s strap.

3 Discover sonde in KOR.

Upon startup of the Handheld, KOR software searches for a
hard-wired connection to the sonde. If KOR discovers the
sonde it will request to connect to it.

If the Handheld is already powered up go to the

Connections menu. Then select Rescan and select Confirm.
Locate your sonde in the menu and select Connect.

pg | 40
 Attach Sonde to Handheld
2.10 Bluetooth Wireless
Users can wirelessly connect EXO sondes (above water) to the EXO Handheld using Bluetooth wireless. With
Bluetooth, users can reduce the amount of cables needed to operate their sonde. This wireless connection
has a typical range of 10 meters, but this range will fluctuate depending on the operating environment. Users
cannot wirelessly connect through water.

In order to connect via wireless, both devices must be powered on.

1 Activate sonde’s Bluetooth.

Activate Bluetooth by holding a magnet at the magnetic
activation area. NOTE: There is a magnet in the top of the
Handheld as well. In addition to magnetic activation, users
can also activate Bluetooth by cycling power to the sonde
magnet (remove/reinstall batteries).
(inside tool)

NOTE: A new magnetic tool is available.

Item #599469 “EXO Sensor Tool Kit”.

2 Discover sonde in KOR.

Every time the Handheld powers on, it automatically
searches for a sonde via the hard-wired cable connection
and will connect to the sonde if the Auto Discover option is
enabled in the Connection | Settings menu.

3 Rescan sonde.
If a wired connection is not found, and to manually
establish a connection to a sonde via Bluetooth, navigate to
the Connections menu in KOR software on the Handheld.
Select Rescan. KOR will rescan and detect Bluetooth-
enabled sondes. Select the sonde from the list and then
click the Connect button.
If no sonde is detected, click Refresh to scan again. It may
take 2-3 scans to discover the sonde.

pg | 41
 Install KOR Software
2.11
The desktop KOR software is supplied will all EXO sondes on a USB flash drive. Installing the software will
require Administrative privileges on the local PC. It is important to install KOR software prior to using the
USB Signal Adapter, as the required drivers for the adapter are installed along with KOR software.

NOTE: A “lite” version of KOR software on the EXO handheld does not require any installation.

1  Install KOR software and drivers.

Insert USB drive and install software using the startup.exe
file. Select all these items to install: EXO-KOR software,
National Instruments supporting software, and USB drivers
for the EXO USB adapter. When complete, KOR will reside
in the root Program menu (not in a subfolder) with the
following icon:

Additionally, a folder called National Instruments will be
created; however this information will not be accessed
through the course of normal operation.
Reboot the computer after installation of the software.

Minimum requirements:
Minimum requirements on a computer for KOR software:
• Windows®XP (service pack 3) or newer Windows
operating platform (Windows®7 recommended)
• Microsoft .NET (any version from 2.0 through 3.5
Service Pack 1)*
• 500 MB of hard disk space (1 GB recommended)
• 2 GB of RAM (4 GB recommended)
• Screen with resolution of 1280x800 or greater
• Available USB 2.0 port
• Internet access for software updates
• Optional: Integral Bluetooth or USB dongle Bluetooth
adapter

2 Software updates
When they become available, updated versions of KOR
software will be posted to EXOwater.com. Users will need
to register a free account to access the software download.
*Download and install a Microsoft executable file that helps your
computer run applications developed using the .NET framework:
www.microsoft.com/download. Search for “dotnetfx.exe”.

pg | 42
 Connect Sonde
2.12 USB
The USB signal output adapter (USB-SOA #599810) allows users to connect to an EXO sonde over a standard
USB connection. Although the USB-SOA is rugged and water resistant, users should protect its connectors
with the included cap when not in use. The SOA should never be submerged.

Prior to use, users must install KOR software and its drivers on the associated PC. The USB-SOA will not
work without the drivers that accompany KOR. See section 2.11.

1  Connect SOA to sonde.

Remove the plug from the 6-pin connector on the sonde.
Apply a light layer of Krytox grease to the male pins on the
sonde and the female connector on the USB-SOA. Then
align the connector’s six pins and jackets, and press them
firmly together so that no gap remains.

2 Connect USB cable to SOA and PC.

Remove the protective cap from the USB end of the SOA,
and ensure that the connector is clean and dry. Then insert
the small end of the provided USB cable into the SOA
connector and the large, standard side into one of the PC’s
USB ports.

Attaching the adapter to the PC causes a new device to be

recognized. Windows automatically installs the drivers
and creates a new port. Each new adapter that is attached
creates a new port.

Ports
KOR automatically scans ports for both USB adapters and
Bluetooth. To view the USB adapter and its associated
comm port, go to the Control Panel on your computer,
click Device Manager, then click Ports.

Next, open KOR, go to connections, rescan and select the

adapter from the list and click connect.

pg | 43
 Connect Sonde
2.13 Bluetooth ­
Before users can communicate wirelessly with their EXO sondes, they must establish a Bluetooth link. All
EXO sondes are equipped with Bluetooth wireless. This technology provides a secure, two-way, reliable
communication channel with which users can communicate with their sondes above water without cables.
Many new computers are equipped with Bluetooth wireless installed internally; those without Bluetooth
can use a Bluetooth dongle (not included). Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for installing the dongle’s
software and hardware. Administrative permissions and IT support may be required depending on the
adapter and your PC settings.

1 Install Bluetooth dongle (optional).

If your computer is not equipped with internal Bluetooth
radio, insert a Bluetooth dongle (not provided) into any
of the computer’s USB ports. Wait for the computer to
automatically install the device and its drivers. Once the
installation is complete, the computer should indicate that
the device is installed and ready to use.

The preferred Bluetooth configuration is Windows 7 with

native Windows Bluetooth drivers and software.

2 Activate sonde’s Bluetooth.

Users activate Bluetooth wireless by holding a magnet
at the magnetic activation area. In addition to magnetic
activation, users can also activate Bluetooth by:
• Applying power to the sonde (remove and reinstall
magnet batteries)
(inside tool)
See more information on sonde activation and LED
conditions in sections 2.7 and 2.8.

3a Establish Bluetooth link–Search

Bluetooth (Win 7 or Win XP).
1. Launch KOR software and click the Connections menu.
2. Click Rescan button.
3. Click Search Bluetooth button. This may take up to 40
seconds, and may require several attempts using the
Refresh button.
4. Select the device from the list and click Connect.

When the connection is complete, KOR automatically

displays the Dashboard screen with live data.

pg | 44
3b Establish Bluetooth link (Win XP).
1. Click the Bluetooth icon in the system tray (lower right),
select “Add a Bluetooth Device” and complete the device
wizard.
2. Activate your sonde’s Bluetooth.
3. Check “My device is setup and ready to be found,” then
click “Next.”
4. Locate the sonde name (starts with YSI) from the list and
click Next. (If not found, click “Search Again.”)
5. Select “Enter the device’s pairing code” and click Next.
Then enter the pairing code 9876. Click “Next.”
6. Windows assigns an outgoing comm port. Select Finish.
7. See step 3a to complete the connection in KOR.

3c Establish Bluetooth link (Win 7).

1. Open the Windows Start menu and click Devices and
Printers.
2. Select “Add a Device” from the top of the screen.
3. Locate the sonde name (starts with YSI) from the list and
click Next.
4. Select “Enter the device’s pairing code” and click Next.
Then enter the pairing code 9876. Click “Next.”
5. Windows will configure the device, install drivers, and
assign a comm port.
6. See step 3a to complete the connection in KOR.

4 Confirm successful link.

Once the device has been added, confirm that the device
appears in:
• Win XP -Devices tab of the BT Devices window
• Win 7 - Devices and Printers screen
If the device is not listed, attempt the establishment process
again.
This process establishes a secure wireless link between the
sonde and a PC. Once established, users will not need to
perform this process again in order to link with the sonde.

Ports
KOR automatically scans ports for both USB adapters
and Bluetooth. To view the comm port associated with
Bluetooth:
• Win XP : Go to the Bluetooth menu on your computer, click
Show Bluetooth Devices, click on the device you added,
then click Properties > Services.
• Win 7 : Go to the Devices and Printers screen, right-click
your sonde, then click Properties > Hardware.

pg | 45
 Connect Sonde
2.14 Data Collection Platform (DCP)
This signal output adapter (DCP-SOA #599800) allows users to connect an EXO sonde to a Data Collection
Platform as well as power it via an external 12 V DC source (not included). Users wire a sonde cable with
flying leads into one side of the SOA and an SDI-12 /RS-232 output and power source into the other. Mount
the SOA in a humidity-controlled enclosure using the following recommended hardware, and never attempt
to perform electrical work beyond your experience.

1 Configure sonde.
Using KOR software, go to the Deploy menu and choose
to deploy by opening a template or starting a custom
deployment. Click Edit, then go to the SDI-12 tab and
select your parameters and the SDI address. The sonde’s
default address is zero (0). Click to save with one of these
options: Save, deploy, start logging; Save, deploy, no
logging; Save only.

Refer to section 4.4, KOR Software for more details.

Alternatively, you can watch KOR Software orientation
videos on our You Tube channel. (YouTube.com/YSIinc)

2 Route cable.
Determine the sonde cable routing to the DCP, and protect
the cable from chafe damage and impact.
Route the cable through a sealing gland into the DCP, and
ensure that the seal is air-tight and water-tight.

3  Mount SOA.
Users can mount the SOA horizontally or vertically either
by the screw slots on the sides of the SOA or with the
3M included 3M adhesive strips. The screw slots were designed
to accept #4 wood screws but may accept other types
on reverse

and sizes.

3M If the user opts to use adhesive strips, first clean the

application surface with a 50:50 mixture of isopropyl
alcohol and water, then mount them in temperatures
between 21° and 38°C (70˚ and 100˚F) and allow the bond
to cure for 72 hours if possible before attaching wires.

pg | 46
 4 C­onnect flying lead cable to sonde.
Press in the male 6-pin connector, then screw down the
retaining collar. Attach the cable’s strain relief to the sonde’s
bail with a carabiner. The cable’s strain relief is designed to
capture the sonde in case of failure of the connector.

5 Prepare wires.
A Always follow proper safety precautions when performing
electrical work.
Properly strip the ends of the wire. Remove 0.25 inches
of insulation from each wire then twist the bared strands
together. All wires should be 18-24 AWG and are not
1 0

included with the SOA.

1
14 2
1 6
1
20 8

6 Insert wires into SOA.

Loosen the clamping screw with the supplied screwdriver,
insert the indicated wire into the terminal strip, and tighten
the clamping screw back down onto the exposed wire end.
Ensure that all strands are inserted to avoid short circuits.
Take care not to strip the slots in the heads of the screws.
• Connect DCP signal ground to SOA SDI ground terminal
(recommend black wire)
• Connect DCP SDI-12 data terminal for SOA SDI-12
terminal (recommend violet wire)
• Connect DCP output ground terminal to SOA power
ground terminal (recommend black wire)
• Connect DCP 12 VDC output to SOA 9-16 VDC input
terminal (recommend red wire).

NOTE: Due to the tight accessibility of many enclosures, it

may be more practical to complete Step 6 (Wiring) prior to
Step 3 (Mounting).

pg | 47
 Voltage
The sonde is designed to run with 12-volt batteries, with supply voltages
between 9 and 16 V DC. These systems should be directly powered by
a sealed battery or installed as part of a remote solar system. Power the
SOA through a 1-amp slow-blow fuse for protection. Remove the fuse
until all wiring is completed.

NOTE: External power to the DCP adapter is required even if you are
putting batteries in the sonde.

When used with a solar system always ensure use of 12-volt solar
regulator. Never connect the sonde directly to solar panel; voltages above
16.5 volts will cause the sonde to shut down and excessive voltage will
permanently damage the sonde and is not covered under warranty.

+ 9-16V DC 1 Amp Fuse

Power
- Ground

Expansion
(Handheld) Sonde
RS -232

SDI -12

Power Draw
Asleep Active
EXO1, full sensor
payload 0.25 mA 45 mA
EXO2, full sensor
0.25 mA 100 mA
payload
DCP SOA 1 mA 17 mA

Command Sets
To program the DCP with SDI-12 or RS-232 commands, please see
command sets in KOR software, section 4.11.

Advanced RS-232 interface commands are available from technical service

for system integrators interested in connecting to EXO via RS-232.

pg | 48
 Connect Sonde
2.15 Flow Cell
There are two versions of the EXO flow cell: EXO1 flow cell (#599080) and EXO2 flow cell (#599201). Flow
rate of the flow cell is typically between 100 mL and 1 L per minute. Maximum flow rate depends on tubing
type, size, and length. Maximum pressure for each flow cell is 25 psi. Flow cell volumes (without sensors
installed) are approximately 410 mL for EXO1, and 925 mL for EXO2.

1 Inspect sonde and flow cell.

Remove the sonde guard or calibration cup from the sonde
so that the sensors are exposed.
Make sure that the threads of the sonde and flow cell as
well as all o-rings are clean and free of any particles such as
sand, grit, or dirt.

2 Insert sonde into flow cell.

Outflow ..
Insert the sonde into the top of the flow cell. Be careful not
to bump or scrape the sensors on the sides of the flow cell.
Screw the sonde into the flow cell by turning the sonde
clockwise until it is hand-tightened into place; do not use
a tool.

3 Connect tubing to flow cell.

Install the Quick Connect tube fittings onto the flow cell
by inserting them into the Quick Connect coupling body.
They should snap into place.
Connect the tubing from your pump (not included) to the
Quick Connect tube fittings, making sure that the tubing is
Inflow .. pushed securely onto the fittings. The inflow should be at
the bottom of the flow cell and the outflow should be at the
top.

Keep flow cell vertical to purge it and ensure air release

from Conductivity/Temperature sensor.

A Do not turn on water to the system until the flow cell is

securely connected.

pg | 49
 Connect Field Cables
2.16 with Cable Coupler
A cable coupler is required to join two EXO field cables together or a field cable to a flying lead cable. The
cable coupler is available in either titanium (#599430-01) for deployment or brass (#599430-02) for laboratory
and non-submerged use. Review these instructions for the proper installation of the cable coupler.

1  Position and install coupler on first

cable.
Prior mating the cables together, install the coupler on the
first cable. Pull the black retaining collar away from the
male 6-pin connector and then install the coupler onto the
exposed cable between the collar and the connector.
A Align the coupler in the correct orientation, with the
smaller interior diameter positioned toward the black
collar. Incorrect orientation of the coupler does not allow it
to slide over the connector later.

Screw the black retaining collar onto the end of the coupler.

2 Connect cables.
Apply small dabs of Krytox grease to the sockets of the
connector on the second cable. Then align the 6-pin
connector of the first cable with the sockets of the second
cable and press them firmly together so that no gap
remains.

3 Connect coupler to second cable.

Slide the black collar and coupler toward the joined
connectors. Slide the white retaining collar of the second
cable to the coupler and twist to securely attach the two
components together.

Attach the strain reliefs of each cable together via

the carabiners.

pg | 50
 Handheld
3.1 Install or Replace Batteries
The EXO Handheld (HH) uses four (4) C-cell alkaline batteries as a power source. Alternatively, a rechargeable
Li-Ion battery pack is an available option, as described in the next section. Users can extend battery life by
putting the HH in “Sleep” mode, when convenient, by pressing and holding the power button for less than
three seconds. 1.5V rechargeable high-capacity NiMH batteries can also be used. Battery life varies depending
on GPS, power to sonde, and Bluetooth wireless use.

1 Remove battery cover panel.

The battery cover panel is located on the back of the HH.
To remove the panel, unscrew (counter-clockwise) the four
screws with a flat or Phillips head screwdriver.
NOTE: The retaining screws are captured into this panel
and are not independently removable. If replacement is
necessary, replace the entire assembly.

2 Insert/replace batteries.
Do not use 3.6V Li batteries in the handheld.
A Damage to the circuit board is not covered under warranty.

Remove the old batteries and dispose of them according to

local ordinances and regulations. Install the new batteries
between the battery clips with their polarity (+/-) oriented
as shown on the bottom of the battery compartment.

If you use your own rechargeable batteries, they cannot

be charged inside the handheld; they should be charged
outside the handheld. If using Ni-MH batteries we
recommend high discharge type with 5,000 mAhr rating.

3 Reinstall battery cover panel.

Ensure that the rubber battery cover gasket is seated
properly, then replace the cover onto the back of the HH.
Tighten the four retaining screws back into their holes.

CAUTION: Overtightening of the screws is likely to cause

A damage and require replacement of the battery pack.

pg | 51
 3.2 Rechargeable
Overview
Li-Ion Battery Pack

The EXO Handheld (HH) can use a rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack as a power source. Battery life
varies depending on GPS and Bluetooth wireless use. Users can extend battery life by putting the HH in
“Sleep” mode, when convenient, by pressing and holding the power button for less than three seconds.

A WARNING: Be sure to reference the supplied Safety Warnings and Precautions sheet included with the
battery pack. Failure to exercise care while using this product and to comply with the safety guidelines
could result in product malfunction, excessive heat, fire, damage to your products not covered under
warranty, property damage, and/or personal injury.

1 Before the first charge.

Make a visual and physical inspection of the pack for any
damaged or loose leads or connectors, damaged packaging,
or other irregularities which may cause a short circuit and
eventual fire. Always charge the pack in an open area away
from flammable materials, liquids and surfaces. Do not
charge or handle batteries that are hot to the touch.

2 Remove battery cover panel.

The battery cover panel is located on the back of the HH.
To remove the panel, unscrew (counter-clockwise) the four
screws with a flat or Phillips head screwdriver.
NOTE: The retaining screws are captured into this panel
and are not independently removable. If replacement is
necessary, replace the entire assembly.

3 Insert the Li-Ion battery pack.

Remove existing batteries if necessary.

A WARNING: Be sure to remove the clear plastic tape from

the back of the battery pack before inserting. Failure to do
so can cause damage to your equipment.

Install the pack by fitting it correctly into the battery

compartment. Ensure that the rubber battery cover gasket
is seated properly, then tighten the four retaining screws
back into their holes.

A CAUTION: Overtightening of the screws is likely to cause

damage and require replacement of the battery pack.

Prior to first use, charge the Li-Ion battery pack with the
approved YSI charger. See the FAQ’s for more details.

pg | 52
Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery Pack Specifications
Dependent upon variables such as temperature, screen brightness, and feature use.
Battery Life Up to 9 hours under active use for a new Li-Ion battery pack.
Performance can be expected to decline over time and use.

Charging Operating Storage

Temperature 2°C to 45°C -20°C to 60°C 0°C to 35°C
(35.6°F to 113°F) (-4°F to 140°F) (32°F to 95°F)

Charging Charging Supply Input Charging Supply Output

Supply 100 - 240V 12VDC / 2.5A

Software For accurate battery gauge use KOR Interface Software: Operating System 1.0.2

Battery Pack Handling

For information on how to handle a hot or damaged battery, please reference the supplied
Safety Warnings and Precautions sheet included with the battery pack or section 8.1 in this document.

Battery Pack Disposal

For information on how to prepare your battery for disposal, please reference the supplied
Safety Warnings and Precautions sheet included with the battery pack or section 8.6 in this document.

pg | 53
 Power On/Off Handheld
3.3
Users can power on/off and awaken/put to sleep the EXO Handheld (HH) depending on use. In order to
use the HH, users must first power it on. When finished with the HH, users should power it off to increase
its battery life. When temporarily not using the HH, users should put it to sleep, and awaken it when next
needed. The HH’s sleep mode is a low-power mode designed to increase its battery life. When finished with
the HH for a long period of time, users should power it off and remove the batteries.

1 Power on/awaken handheld.

With batteries installed, press and hold the power button
for one second. The Bluetooth wireless indicator will then
illuminate. Next the splash screen will appear then briefly
go black (approximately 5 seconds) while the system starts
up. The HH will then automatically start Kor.
If the HH is asleep, users should briefly press the power
button to awaken it.

2 Power off/put to sleep.

To power off the HH, users must press and hold the power
button for more than three seconds. Once the button has
been held long enough, the screen will power down and
go black.

To put the HH to sleep, press and hold the power button

for less than three seconds, and release it. The screen will
then go black.

pg | 54
 Attach Handheld to Sonde
3.4 Field Cable
All EXO cables have 6-pin and wet-mateable connectors. (Connectors on vented level cables have 5 pins
and a vent pin.) Each cable also incorporates a strain relief mechanism to alleviate stress on the connector
throughout deployment. Although the cables are wet-mateable, users should dry the connectors prior to
installation when possible. Always protect connectors by leaving the cable or connector caps installed even
when the connector is not in use. Always attach the cable’s strain relief mechanism to the bail when the sonde
is deployed.

1 Attach cable to sonde.

Apply a light layer of Krytox grease to the male pins and
rubber surface of the connector on the cable and the female
connector on the sonde.
For the EXO1 sonde, first attach the cable’s strain relief to
the sonde’s bail with a carabiner. Then press in the cable’s
male 6-pin connector, and screw down the retaining collar.
(For the EXO2 sonde, the strain relief can be connected
after the cable and collar.)
The cable’s strain relief is designed to capture the sonde in
case of failure of the connector.

2 Attach cable to handheld.

Apply a light layer of Krytox grease to the male pins on the
cable and the female connector on the handheld. Press on
the female 6-pin connector, then screw down the retaining
collar. Connect the strain relief to the Handheld’s strap.

3 Discover sonde in KOR.

Upon startup of the Handheld, KOR software searches for a
hard-wired connection to the sonde. If KOR discovers the
sonde, it will request to connect to it.

pg | 55
 Attach Handheld to Sonde
3.5 Bluetooth Wireless
Users can wirelessly connect their EXO sondes (above water) to the EXO Handheld using Bluetooth wireless
communication. With Bluetooth, users can reduce the amount of cables needed to operate their sonde. The
wireless connection has a typical range of 10 meters, but this range will fluctuate depending on the operating
environment. Users cannot wirelessly connect through water.

In order to connect via wireless, both devices must be powered on.

1 Activate sonde’s Bluetooth.

Users activate Bluetooth by holding a magnet at the
magnetic activation area. In addition to magnetic
activation, users can also activate Bluetooth by cycling
power to the sonde (remove/reinstall batteries).
magnet
(inside tool)

NOTE: Starting 2014 a new magnetic tool is

available. Item #599469 “EXO Sensor Tool Kit”.

2 Discover sonde in KOR.

Every time the Handheld powers on, it automatically
searches for a sonde via the hard-wired cable connection
and will connect to the sonde if the Auto Discover option is
enabled in the Connection | Settings menu.

3 Rescan sonde.
If a wired connection is not found, and to manually
establish a connection to a sonde via Bluetooth, navigate to
the Connections menu in KOR software on the Handheld.
Select Rescan. KOR will rescan and detect Bluetooth-
enabled sondes. Select the sonde from the list and then
click the Connect button.
If no sonde is detected, click Refresh to scan again. It may
take 2-3 scans to discover the sonde.

pg | 56
 Spot Sampling
3.6 View Live Data
When connecting through the Handheld, KOR software attempts to automatically connect to an available
sonde and start displaying current data in a live view. To manually access the live view from either the
Handheld or Desktop, go to the Run menu and choose “Dashboard.” Users can set view preference in the live
view menu to display numeric live data (default) or a graph view, where a maximum of two parameters can
simultaneously be plotted on the screen. For overview of KOR menus, see section 4; for overview of Handheld
keypad functions, see section 1.3

Data dashboard and graph

Users can toggle between numeric Dashboard and Live
Graph views using the soft key on the left. The Capture
Data soft key may be used to log information displayed on
the screen. (See more detail, section 3.7.)

Dashboard image at left; live graph image at middle left.

Parameter preference
Users can select which parameters to display in graph
mode by using the backspace and tab keys on the Handheld
keypad. If an expected parameter is not available, first set
the appropriate units preference from the Options | Units
menu.

Advanced display settings

Adjust data display settings for both dashboard and live
graph modes in the Run menu. Select Settings to change
the settings for graph type (time series or vertical profile),
sample interval (default is 1 sec), and default parameters
to view.

pg | 57
 Collecting Data
3.7 with Handheld
Collecting sampling data on the EXO Handheld is easy due to the array of logging options available via the
Capture Data menu (Run>Dashboard>Capture Data).

1 Logging data.
Upon navigating to the Capture Data menu for the first
time (and each time you reconnect to a sonde), you will
need to set a logging file or start logging with a new file
(options 3 or 4).
Logging to a new file will automatically generate and set a
Current Logging File to which future data points will
be appended.

2 Appending data.
Once a logging file is set, you can append future data points
to it. Use the keypad to select options 1 or 2 to add data
points to the Current Logging File.
To append data to a different location, press 5 on the
keypad. This will bring up a list of available files currently
saved on the handheld that can be set instead.
NOTE: You can press 1 or 2 while on the dashboard to
quickly append data to an existing file, avoiding the need to
navigate to the Capture Data menu for each reading.

3 Continuous sampling.
Selecting options 2 or 4 on the Capture Data menu will
cause the sonde to begin recording data continuously at
the sampling interval set in the Run Settings (Run>Run
Teal header notification
Settings). To stop logging data, press Stop Capture.
confirms data capture.

4 File nomenclature.
With the addition of sites, options for file naming have
been added in the Run Settings menu of the Handheld
(Run>Run Settings). EXO data files are generated with the
following naming structure by default:
FilePrefix_HandheldSerialNumber_MonthDateYear_
HourMinuteSecond.bin
You can modify the File Prefix in the Run Settings menu
using the Handheld’s alpha-numeric keypad. Additionally,
you can also include sites within file names by using the
directional keys to select “Site Name” under Capture File
Name. This naming structure is:
FilePrefix_SiteName_MonthDateYear_
HourMinuteSecond.bin.
pg | 58
 Managing Sites
3.8 with Handheld
The desktop software and handheld firmware allows you to create/delete sites, as well as tag data files with
site names.

1 Creating sites.
A new Create Site option exists under the Handheld’s Run
menu. Selecting this option will allow you to generate a
new site using the Handheld’s alpha-numeric keypad.
NOTE: To tag files with site information or to delete sites
on the Handheld, you must be connected to an EXO sonde.
Tip: If entering a longer list of sites into the handheld it is
easier to utilize KOR Desktops equivalent feature. When
creating files on the desktop be sure to sync with the
handheld.

2 Tagging sites to sampling data.

On the Capture Data menu (Run>Dashboard>Capture
Data), all files will be tagged with whichever site is active
while you record data.
To change the active site, press 6 on the Handheld keypad,
and select any of the sites you have created. Your active site
will be shown on the rotating header.

3 Deleting sites.
To delete a site on the Handheld, go to the Change active
site menu, select the site you wish to delete and press the
tab button on the keypad.
Tip: You can also create/delete sites on desktop KOR
(Sites menu) and then sync this list with your Handheld
(Options>Sync With Handheld). This is helpful when
generating longer site lists..

pg | 59
 Upload Data
3.9 from Handheld to PC
The EXO Handheld stores two different sets of sensor data files: Files uploaded from the sonde and files
manually logged into the Handheld from the live data mode. Both types of files can be sent to a PC via the
USB cable. Note that KOR Desktop software must first be installed on a computer before transferring files
from Handheld to PC.

1 Connect handheld to computer.

Power on the Handheld and allow up to three minutes for
Windows to recognize the Handheld as a removable drive
before the Handheld shows up in KOR software.

Plug the small end of the USB cable into the port on the top
side of the EXO Handheld. Plug the other end of the USB
cable into a port on your computer.

2 Transfer files.
When the Handheld is connected to the PC, go to the
Options | Sync with Handheld menu in KOR Desktop
software. Select Sync All and KOR will search all folders
and synchronize the files automatically. Or users can select
each folder separately and synchronize selected
files manually. By checking the delete files box, data and
calibration files will be removed from the Handheld after
syncing.

“Push Latest Firmware Package” button will transfer the

most recent sensor and sonde firmware from the PC to
the Handheld for updating sondes in the field with the
Handheld.

3 Delete files.
Directory Maintenance: Users can browse folders and
select files to delete from the Handheld. Deleting files is
optional.

pg | 60
 Handheld Options
3.10
Upon startup of the Handheld, the GPS function automatically initiates a fix of the location. This may take
some time. During this process, the Handheld should remain stationary and have a clear view of the sky. The
first time a user powers on the Handheld, the GPS fix can take up to a maximum of 20 minutes to obtain.

1 Turn on/off GPS.

To manually enable GPS, go to the Options menu. Select
Handheld | Enable GPS | On. Click Apply. When GPS is
fixed, a signal strength icon with green bars will appear. If
the bars are black, then no GPS signal is found.

The GPS consumes battery power and can be turned off to

conserve battery life.

2 Display GPS units.

To display GPS units on screen, go to the Options | Units
menu and select GPS Lati and GPS Long. When units are
selected, GPS data is displayed on screen only if the GPS is
turned on.

NOTE: If the Handheld is stored for more than 10 days

without batteries installed, then the user will need to re-
enter the date and time. Additionally, it will take longer for
the unit to obtain a new GPS fix.

Additional Handheld Options on the next page.

pg | 61
 Handheld Options
3.10 Continued
Additional options in the Handheld menu and a brief description of their function. After making a change
to a selection the field will be highlighted in green. Be sure to hit the top-right “Apply” button to confirm
your changes.

Language.
Settings → Handheld → Language → Reboot
NOTE: Changing the language of the Handheld requires a restart to take effect.

Power Sonde.
Settings → Handheld → Power Sonde
Turn On or Off the ability for the Handheld battery to power the sonde.

A WARNING: Powering the sonde via the Handheld is not recommended for typical
use. Due to the rapid drain on the Handheld batteries in this mode it is suggested to
only use this mode for short bursts.

Sound Volume.
Settings → Handheld → Sound Volume
Allows the user to select the volume of the Handheld speaker, including the ability to
turn it off completely.

Hibernate.
Settings → Handheld → Hibernate (min)
Allows the user to select how much time, in minutes (min) the Handheld, will wait
without input before going into a power saving sleep-mode.
NOTE: Selecting zero will keep the Handheld on continuously.

Time Display Mode.

Settings → Handheld → Time Display Mode
Allows the user to adjust the Handheld clock display to the selected time zone.
A universal time zone option is also available.

Adjust Date/Time
Settings → Handheld → Top-Left Button
Allows the user to change specific parameters of the time display.

pg | 62
 KOR Software
4.1 Introduction
Users interface with the EXO sondes and handheld via KOR software. Once the software is installed and
a device is connected to a computer or an EXO handheld, launch the KOR software. For KOR Installation
instructions, see section 2.11.

Navigation
Both versions of KOR—Desktop KOR for computers and
KOR for the EXO handheld—have the same basic menu
structure. The main menu items are:

Run: This menu is used to display live data from the EXO
sonde either in numeric or graphical display.

Calibrate: This menu is used to calibrate the sensors

installed in the EXO sonde, after the sonde is connected.

Deploy: Go to Deploy to set up the EXO sonde for logging

deployments. Settings such as logging interval and SDI-
12 configurations are in this menu, as well as starting and
stopping autonomous logging on the sonde.

Sites: Used to manage sites, this optional menu helps users

create site detail that may be associated with files logged in
the sonde. NOTE: Only available on desktop KOR.

Data: This menu enables file transfers from the EXO sonde
or handheld, and can also be used without a sonde to view
and export data files that were previously transferred to the
desktop or handheld.

Options: Application preferences, sonde settings, and

software and firmware updates can be accessed through this
menu. The user can change display units here.

Connections: This menu allows the user to connect

to other sondes and devices, identify which probes are
installed in which ports, and update Bluetooth settings.

Help: This page links to support resources for using KOR.

Status icons: The icons in the top right of the KOR window
are information-only displays. The white box shows the
connected device by serial number and name. The sonde
icons show if an EXO sonde is connected (check mark) or
not connected (X). The folder icons show if the sonde is
currently in logging mode (check mark) or not logging (X).

pg | 63
 KOR Software
4.2 Run Menu
The Run menu displays real-time water quality data in numeric or graph formats, and has three
main submenus.

Dashboard.
This real-time display shows data from connected devices.
The data appears in a default order of parameters in the list.
In the RUN menu, data is automatically buffered up to 1000
points in desktop KOR.
Capture Data: Use the Capture Data button to save a
snapshot of the data buffer to the computer. The captured
data is automatically saved in the location and in a format
specified in the Settings submenu (see next page). When
capturing data on the Handheld a new menu will appear
with various options for sampling data.
Wipe Sensors: In the Dashboard menu, it is possible to
manually activate the central wiper if the EXO2 sonde
is equipped with one. This feature can be helpful when
transferring the sensors into liquid; the wiper can help
remove any bubbles that may be trapped at the sensor faces.

NOTE: Menu functionality is the same, although visual

display differences are found between KOR’s Desktop version
(top) and Handheld version (bottom).

Graph.
This real-time display will graph one or two parameters
from the attached EXO device. The parameters are chosen
from the drop-down menu above the plot area (desktop
KOR) or with the tab and backspace keys (handheld KOR).
Only parameters currently active in the attached device will
be available for plotting.
It is important to note the scale when viewing real-time
data in Graph mode. Due to the precise nature of EXO
sensors, very small micro-changes are visible in the graph.
• Auto-scaling enables KOR to best fit data into the
available window, even if the Y-axis extremes vary by less
than a unit.
• To manually scale the plot, first deselect the Autoscale
button(s), then click the upper-most and bottom-most
numbers on either Y-axis. (Not available on handheld KOR.)

pg | 64
Capture Clear Advanced
Data Buffer Plot Tools Clear Buffer: As in the Dashboard, the data buffer can
manually be saved to a file using the Capture Data button.
Alternatively the buffer data can be cleared using the Clear
Buffer button. Once the buffer is cleared, it cannot
be recovered.

Settings.
The Settings menu defines the preferences for the RUN
mode. Plot line colors and width can be chosen, as well
as the default plot parameters. While all parameters are
available to set as default, the connected device must have
the corresponding sensor installed in order to plot the data.

File Mode: When using the Capture Data button, data will
be saved to a file. When the file mode is set to NEW, a new
data file will be created.
Log Mode: Controls the amount of data saved to a file.
Cached sends the entire real-time data buffer (up to 1000
points in desktop KOR), while Single records the most
recent data set (1 point for every parameter).
Sample Interval: This option corresponds to the refresh rate
of the graph and dashboard. 1 sample per second (1 Hz)
is typical for most real-time display; once per second new
readings are posted to the buffer and updated on the display.
The sampling rate on the real-time display is limited to 4
samples per second (4 Hz) because of the processing effort
of transferring the information to the PC.
File Prefix: This prefix is the file name that will appear at
the beginning of the captured data file. KOR automatically
applies a unique identifier name on all files generated. The
user can change this setting, but the file prefix allows users
to give the captured file a name.
Graph Type: Choose between Time Series or Profiling
graph displays. The Profiling graph displays data versus
depth.
Default View: The Default View allows the user to choose
between Dashboard or Graph as the default display when
KOR automatically opens the Run menu.
Apply: When a field is edited in the Settings menu, the user
must click the Apply button to commit those changes. If you
edit a field, then attempt to navigate away, a warning box
appears to remind you to apply or discard your changes.

Display Sonde Time: Will add a new clock to dashboard

with real-time clock from sonde, time will be displayed in
UTC regardless of time zone settings.

pg | 65
 KOR Software
4.3 Calibrate Menu
This menu is the main interface for calibrating EXO sensors. Calibration and verification settings will vary
by sensor. A device must be connected to access the Calibrate menu.

For detailed calibration procedures for individual sensors, reference Section 5, Calibration.

Calibration menu overview.

In the Calibrate menu, the list of installed sensors is shown
on the left side of the window. If your sonde is configured
with a depth sensor, Port D depth also appears in the list.

Sensor calibration menu.

Select a sensor from the list to bring up a sensor-specific
menu of parameters. For example, selecting ODO (optical
dissolved oxygen) from the list, brings up a menu for the
enabled parameters ODO % sat, ODO mg/L, or ODO %
Local. (To change the enabled parameters on desktop KOR,
go to the Options | Units menu. Handheld KOR calibrates
in base units regardless of user selections made in the Units
menu.)

A typical calibration window shows 1, 2, or 3 calibration

points, depending on the sensor. If the sensor supports
only a single calibration point, then the other calibration
points are not active (grayed out).

Temperature: This field displays current temperature, if a

conductivity/temperature sensor is installed. If no sensor is
installed, user can input data into this field.

Barometer: Displays for DO calibrations only.

Standard Value: User-input field for the calibration

setpoint based on the value of the standard being used.

pg | 66
 Type: Optional field for type of standard being used. Pre-
populated for some calibrations; user-input field for other
calibrations.

Manufacturer: Optional field to record manufacturer

of calibration standard used. This data is logged in the
calibration worksheet.

Lot number: Optional field for calibration standard lot

number, used for traceability purposes.

Advanced calibration menu.

Each sensor calibration menu has an Advanced button to
edit advanced features for the specific parameter. Unique
sensor options include TSS input for Turbidity (not
available on Handheld when performing multi-sensor
calibration) and sensor cap coefficients for DO.

Uncalibrate.
The Uncal function in the Advanced menu returns the
probe back to factory calibration settings. Users may select
this for troubleshooting if a calibration process on a probe
is not working correctly. (On the Handheld version there is
a checkbox “Restore Calibration Defaults” under the same
Advanced Menu.)

Calibrating multiple sensors.

To calibrate multiple sensors of the same type concurrently,
install all the sensors in the sonde. In the Calibration menu,
click on the sensor, and new options are available in the
second menu for calibrating ALL like sensors.

Follow the calibration instructions in KOR to calibrate

all the sensors. Calibrations occur one after the other, not
simultaneously. Sensors are turned on one at a time so the
user can validate each sensor’s reading and to avoid the
possibility of interference from the other sensors.

Once all like sensors have been calibrated, they can be

removed from the sonde and installed in other EXO sondes.
The sensor will retain its calibration.

Note: When calibrating multiple sensors with the Handheld,

clicking the Restore Default Calibrations button will restore
ALL like sensors to original settings.
Note: Menu functionality is the same, although visual display
differences are found between KOR’s Desktop version (top
and middle) and Handheld version (bottom), this page and
previous page.

pg | 67
 KOR Software
4.4 Deploy Menu
The Deploy menu is used mainly to configure an EXO sonde to collect unattended data and to manage
deployment templates. This menu is dynamic based on the mode of the attached device. Two or three
submenu options are available: Read Current Settings, Open a Template, and, if a connected sonde is logging,
a Stop Deployment button.

Read current sonde settings.

This menu scans the attached device and summarizes its
current configuration, including battery life, sample count
and when the next sample will be taken. The user can view the
configuration, edit the configuration, or apply a saved template.
Time and Date: When reading the current sonde settings,
KOR communicates with the EXO sonde and performs a
number of system checks, including a date and time check.
If the sonde clock and the computer clock differ, or if time
zones differ, then KOR notifies the user. These prompts are
informational only and can be disabled as noted on the screen.

Edit: Edit the existing settings using the Edit button.

Deploy: Redeploy the sonde by clicking the Deploy button,
with these log start-time options:
• Start logging now. For example, a first sample logs at
11:32:31, and with a 15-minute logging interval the next
sample will log at 11:47:31.
• Start logging at next even interval. For example, a first
sample logs at 00:00:00, and with a 15-minute logging
interval the next sample will log at 00:15:00, then 00:30:00,
00:45:00, etc. This set-up is typical. Logged data will be
uniform.
• Set a custom start time. Choose the start date and time, which
can vary from minutes to days in the future, then click the Apply
button to prepare the sonde for deployment. Setting a start time
in the past causes the sonde to start logging immediately.
• Apply or Cancel. Click the Apply button to apply the edits
to the settings. Or click the Cancel button to update the
sonde settings for SDI-12 but not actually start a log file.

pg | 68
Open a template.
This submenu opens saved template files on the computer
for configuration settings. Deploy immediately by opening
default templates for 15-minute and one-hour logging
intervals, which are stored in the KOR-EXO | Deployment
Files folder located in the Program Files folder on the
computer.
Template Edit: Open and edit a template with a new name
before deploying to the sonde.
Basic: To set up logging based on a specific time interval.
SDI-12: To send data to a DCP. See sections 2.14 and 4.11.
Advanced: See below.

Save and deploy a template.

Save edited templates with these options:
• Save, deploy, start logging. Starts logging at interval
specified for deployment.
• Save, deploy, no logging. Use with data logger and RS-232
settings.
• Save only. Save but do not deploy and log.
• Cancel.

Stop deployment.
This Stop Deployment button appears when an attached
EXO device is actively logging. After stopping a
deployment, the button disappears and the icon in the
upper right changes state to indicate the sonde is not
actively logging data.

Advanced sampling and logging.

Access the following functions in the Deploy | Open Tem-
plate | Edit Template menu and click on the Advanced tab.

Logging Intervals
When deploying a sonde, data is logged and time-stamped
at a routine sampling interval. A typical sampling interval
for unattended logging is 15 minutes. If the sonde logs
at 00:15:00, the sonde will wake up early to activate the
sensors and start processing data. Typically this will be 12-
15 seconds before the time-stamp. If an averaging interval
were activated, then the sonde would wake up 15 seconds
early plus the averaging interval to start averaging the data.

pg | 69
Samples Per Wipe - Wiping Interval
In most deployments the user will choose to use the EXO2 central wiper to wipe the sensors preceding each
logging interval. We recommend a wiping interval of 1 for 15-minute and 30-minute sampling intervals; 1
wipe will occur just prior to a sample being taken. Set the wiping interval to 2 and one wipe will occur every
other sample. If you have a short sampling interval, such as 5 minutes, and biofouling is not aggressive, then
you may not need to wipe the sensors prior to every sampling interval. In this case, you can set the wiping
interval to 4, in which case it will wipe every fourth time a sample is taken, or approximately every 20 minutes.
This action can help conserve battery life.
Setting Samples Per Wipe to 0 will disable the central wiper.

Sampling Rates
The sensors output data to the EXO sonde in real time, this data transfer rate varies by sensor and processing
conditions but generally it can be assumed the sensor transfers data to the sonde twice a second (2 Hz). In
high speed unattended sampling applications, like vertical profiling, the sonde can be deployed to log data as
fast as 4 times a second (4 Hz). The user can set the sampling interval, and the real time transfer between the
sensors and sonde will automatically adjust to an appropriate output rate. The user can not manually control
the output rate of the sensors themselves. RS-232 output via SOA-DCP is limited to 1 Hz.

Battery Consumption: Sampling rates can vary significantly depending on application, and a sampling rate
will have a significant impact on memory usage and battery consumption. An EXO2 sonde with a full payload
can be expected to log more than 90 days at a 30-minute sampling interval, but the same sonde set to profile
at 4 Hz (four times per second) will have battery power for only one day. An estimate of this life is provided
in the deployment summary screen, and should be considered when setting sampling intervals.

Burst Sampling
Burst sampling allows the user to collect a set of data at each logging interval. Activate Burst Sampling by
clicking on Burst in the Logging Mode area of the Template Edit menu. Then select a time duration between
1 and 300 seconds. Data will be collected at a rate of 2 Hz during the specified duration. This data set will
allow users to perform advanced data analysis and post processing. However, note that this increased data in
the logged file may more rapidly fill the internal memory of the data logger and affect battery life.

Adaptive Logging
Adaptive or Event Logging allows the user to select one or two sensors as triggers for a higher resolution
logging interval. The user can set the trigger to activate above or below a pre-determined threshold level
for the given sensor. Activate the Adaptive Logging feature by clicking the box next to Adaptive Logging.
Enter values for the logging interval and duration fields. Then select a trigger sensor for Parameter 1 from
the drop-down list, set the Mode to Above, Below or Off, and set the threshold value. Repeat this process for
Parameter 2, if desired. However, note that this increased data may affect battery life.

pg | 70
 KOR Software
4.5 Sites Menu

Used to manage sites, this optional menu helps users create site detail that may be associated with
files logged using the sonde or handheld. KOR is a dynamic software platform subject to additional
development and future improvements. Software menus and features are subject to change.

NOTE: This feature was introduced in the February 2014 software update. If not available on your
software please visit EXOwater.com to get the latest upgrades.

Add a Site.
Click “Add” to create and name a site.
Sites are displayed in the order they were created.

Remove a Site.
To remove a site, highlight an existing entry and
click “Remove”.

Sync Sites with Handheld.

For instructions on syncing your site list with the
Handheld reference the instructions in section 3.8.

pg | 71
 KOR Software
4.6 Data Menu
The Data menu is used to transfer files from the sonde or handheld and manage data files on a local computer.
The Transfer function will only work when connected to a sonde.

Transfer.
Clicking the Transfer submenu button initiates a scan of the
attached EXO and lists all files on the sonde.
Upload/copy files: Select files to upload by clicking a file name
in the list, clicking the Select All button, or clicking multiple files
by holding down the Control key. Selected files are highlighted in
blue. After files are selected, use the Selected button to copy the
file to the PC. Click the Latest button to copy the most recent file.
The uploaded file(s) are in binary format and are stored in the
Program Files\KOR-EXO\Data Files folder on the computer.
See Data Files & File Locations section 4.10 for more detail.
Delete files: After files have been copied to the PC, users can delete
selected files. Select the files to be removed and use the Delete
Selected button to remove them permanently from the sonde.
Quick View: Click a file in the list, and then click the Quick View
button to view the last 50 data points of the file.
Storage space: The progress bar on the bottom will indicate
memory usage on the sonde. We recommend users keep a back-up
copy of the binary files on the sonde, unless storage space is needed.

View/export.
Use this submenu to review binary files transferred from the
sonde and export the binary data to different format.
View: Select and open a saved file from the Data Files pop-up
menu. Alternatively, click the Select File button to manually
open a file. When a file is loaded in desktop KOR, you can
view it one point at a time using the arrow buttons or change
to a graph view using the Change View button. (Handheld
KOR is limited to viewing 100 data points.)
Export: Click the Export Data button to export files to Excel
format or delimited text file. For Excel format, a spreadsheet
automatically opens with the data. Save other open files in
Excel first, or the export will not work.

Settings.
This submenu allows the user to set the default file location,
export format, and data display formatting.

View calibration worksheets.

This submenu in desktop KOR allows the user to open and view
saved Calibration Worksheets from the Calibration Files folder on
the computer. If you encounter errors viewing data files synced
from the EXO Handheld, click the Update Directory button.

pg | 72
 KOR Software
4.7 Options Menu
Many preferences, settings, and updates for KOR can be accessed through the Options menu.

Smart QC: KOR performs quality checks on each

connected sonde and sensor and provides an overall
Network QC Score.
Check mark (green): OK.
X (red): Warning that part or all of the system is out of
specification ranges.
Question mark (black): Unknown, not enough data to
determine QC score.
Exclamation point (yellow): Caution. While OK now,
part(s) of the system is close to being out of specification.
Sonde: Bluetooth pin number, activate Bluetooth, sonde
ID/name, sonde date and time, battery type, and fault bit
field.
KOR software on the EXO Handheld also has a Handheld
submenu to set language, date and time, power, GPS,
sound volume, Bluetooth pin number, and hibernate/sleep
preferences on the Handheld itself.
User: Select settings for Language, Idle Timeout, and Time
Zone and Time Format preferences, and turn on/off time
zone check at deployment.
Units: Customize display units/parameters for each sensor,
plus adjust wiper position and sonde cable and battery
readings. While the sonde and sensors record data in fixed
formats, KOR can adjust the displayed units. For example,
the Temperature sensor outputs degrees C to the sonde;
however the display units can be set to degrees F, and the
temperature reading is converted. After the units are set, data
viewed on the Run menu will be displayed in this format.
Firmware: Check and update firmware on connected
devices. KOR automatically searches for connected sondes,
sensors, and handhelds and loads the table with sensor
names, serial numbers and current firmware revisions. To
update firmware, see instructions in sections 6.7 and 6.11.
Calibration: To speed the calibration process, users can
set default calibration settings for individual sensors and
parameters here. Click the Apply button and changes take
effect immediately.
Sync with Handheld: Upload files from Handheld to PC.
See section 3.8.

pg | 73
 KOR Software
4.8 Connections Menu
This menu allows the user to connect to other sondes and devices, identify which probes are installed in
which ports, and update Bluetooth settings.

Rescan.
This submenu allows the user to refresh and initiate
connections to hard-wired devices, search for Bluetooth
connections, or disconnect.

To reconnect to a sonde, wait for KOR to scan the devices,

then select a device from the list. Click Connect.

Map.
This menu allows the user to view connected sondes,
sensors, serial numbers and the ports assigned to the
sensors.
Also, if a sonde is connected to the auxiliary port of an
EXO2 sonde, then both sondes will be visible in this menu.
However, the user can only communicate with one sonde at
a time.

Settings.
This submenu allows the user to control Bluetooth settings
including PIN number and auto-scanning.

Advanced.
This submenu allows the user to control settings for the
Signal Output Adapter (SOA).

pg | 74
 KOR Software
4.9 Help Menu
This menu connects the user to documentation resources for using KOR software and the EXO products,
including videos.

pg | 75
 KOR Software
4.10 Data Files and File Locations
KOR software is installed onto your computer’s default hard drive, which is typically C:\ on most Windows-
based PCs. The KOR program is then placed into the program file directory. On XP and Windows 7 32-bit
systems, this folder is simply called Program Files. On 64-bit systems KOR is placed in the Program File (x86)
folder. The two most common file paths are:
C:\Program Files\KOR-EXO\ (XP and 32-bit Windows 7)
C:\Program Files (x86)\KOR-EXO\ (64-bit Windows 7)

Data folders.
Data Files: These are the binary data files from EXO, which
are only accessible via KOR. We strongly recommend you
maintain all binary data files in this folder and also create a
back-up copy.
Deployment Files: Templates for deployments are stored
here. They may be moved to another computer to provide
consistent deployments across your organization.
Site Files: These contain the site details used by KOR; future
functionality, not active yet.
A Do not edit, move, or rename other files. This could damage
KOR and affect system reliability.

Data files.
Templates, binary data files, data files and configuration
settings are in the KOR-EXO | Data Files folder. You can
navigate to the KOR-EXO folder to access template and data
files, if you want to copy them to another computer.

Data file names.

Data files are given unique names to ensure no duplication.
The file name structure is:
AAAAAAAA_YYMBBBBBB_MMDDYY_HHMMSS.bin
Sample: EXODT_12N768062_033012_182618.bin
AAAAAAAA: User-defined file prefix up to 8 characters, set in the deployment template or Run | Settings menu.
YYMBBBBBB: EXO sonde serial number. YY represents the year the sonde was manufactured, M
corresponds to the month of manufacture, and BBBBBB is a unique sequential number. For live data
capture files, the serial number is a number assigned to the instance of Desktop KOR or the serial number
of the Handheld.
MMDDYY: MM is the month the data file was created, DD is the day of the month, and YY is the year.
HHMMSS: UTC time stamp where HH is the hour the file was created in 24-hour format, MM the
minute, and SS the second.
.bin: binary file extension. To obtain a delimited file format or Excel format, see section 4.6.

pg | 76
 KOR Software
4.11 SDI-12
The sonde can be connected to an SDI-12 bus using a DCP Signal Output Adapter (SOA). The SOA provides
the necessary SDI-12 electrical interface and communicates to the sonde via the topside RS-485 interface.
The SOA will automatically recognize when a sonde is connected and retrieve the SDI-12 address and ID
from the sonde. The SDI-12 data parameter list is set by the user in the Deploy menu. Go to Deploy | Open
Template | Edit Template menu and click on the SDI-12 tab.

Sensor parameter codes:

Temp C 1 Cl- mg/L 112
Temp F 2 Cl -
mV 145
Temp K 3 TSS mg/L 190
Cond mS/cm 4 TSS g/L 191
Cond μS/cm 5 Chlorophyll μg/L 193
SpCond mS/cm 6 Chlorophyll RFU 194
SpCond μS/cm 7 ODO % sat 211
Sal psu 12 ODO mg/L 212
pH mV 17 ODO % local 214
Add: Choose the SDI-12 parameters you pH 18 BGA PC RFU 216
want from the Available column and ORP mV 19 BGA PE RFU 218
double-click or select and move them with Press psia 20 Turbidity FNU 223
the right arrow to the Selected column. Press psig 21 Turbidity RAW 224
Remove: Remove parameters from Selected meters 22
Depth BGA PC μg/L 225
column by double-clicking or selecting and
Depth feet 23 BGA PE μg/L 226
clicking the left arrow.
Battery volts 28 fDOM RFU 227
Order: Arrange the parameter output by
Turbidity NTU 37 fDOM QSU 228
using the up and down arrows.
NH3 N mg/L 47 Wiper Position volts 229
NH4 +
N mg/L 48 Cable Power volts 230
Date DD/MM/YY 51 BGA PC Raw 231
Date MM/DD/YY 52 BGA PE Raw 232
Date YY/MM/DD 53 fDOM Raw 233
Time HH:MM:SS 54 Chlorophyll Raw 234
NO3 -
N mV 101 nLF Cond mS/cm 237
NO3- N mg/L 106 nLF Cond μS/cm 238
NH4 +
N mV 108 Wiper Peak Current mA 239
TDS g/L 10
TDS kg/L 95
TDS mg/L 110

pg | 77
 KOR Software
4.11 RS-232
The EXO DCP Signal Output Adapter (SOA) supports limited RS-232 commands. The SOA supports both
SDI-12 and RS-232 communications. The order of the RS-232 parameter output is controlled by the SDI-12
tab on the deployment menu.

See section 2.14 for instructions on mounting and wiring the DCP-SOA.

Commands:
Returns sonde data as specified by SDI-12
Data parameter settings set by user in Deploy
menu of KOR software
Lists the parameter order using ID numbers,
Para
(Parameter codes on previous page.)
Sets or gets current time in HH:MM:SS
Time
format
Starts a wiper event, responds with
Twipeb estimate of time in seconds to complete
wiping sequence
Ver Returns sonde firmware version number
Returns sonde firmware version compilation
Verdate
date

Send these commands to the DCP via an RS-232 hyperterminal

window configured with the following settings:
Bits per second 9600
Data bits 8
Parity None
Stop bits 1
Flow control None

pg | 78
 Update Firmware and Software
4.12 Sonde and Sensors
Users can check and update sensor or sonde firmware through the KOR interface software. This process may
take up to 30 minutes depending on the number of sensors that will be updated.

NOTE: For best power management, update firmware while a device is connected via USB, as this will provide
power to the device. However, if you use Bluetooth, we recommend installing fully charged batteries in
the sonde.

1 Connect to sonde.
Each device must be connected to a computer running
the Desktop version of KOR, and the computer must have
internet access.

2 Open firmware submenu in KOR.

Navigate to the Options menu in KOR, then to the
Firmware submenu. Immediately after clicking the
Firmware submenu button, KOR begins to search for
connected sondes and sensors and loads the table with
names, serial numbers, and current firmware versions.

3 Update sonde and sensor network.

Click the update network button.

KOR then updates the device’s firmware, which could

take several minutes. If you experience problems with
automatically downloading the latest firmware, please see
the Troubleshooting section in this document.

A NOTE: Firmware updates require all

instrumentation (Handheld, sonde,
sensors, and desktop software) be updated
to function properly.

pg | 79
 Update Firmware and Software
4.12 Handheld
To update the instrument firmware and KOR software on the EXO Handheld, use the Desktop version of
KOR on a computer with internet access. KOR Desktop will go online and pull updated files for the Handheld,
which are then transferred to the Handheld.

1 Connect handheld to computer.

Plug the small end of the USB cable into the port on the
top side of the EXO Handheld. Plug the other end of the
USB cable into a port on your computer. Wait for Windows
to recognize the Handheld as a removable drive before the
Handheld shows up in KOR software. This may take
several minutes.

2 Update handheld.
When the Handheld is connected to the PC, go to the
Options | Firmware menu in KOR Desktop software. Select
the Update Handheld button from the bottom-right corner
of the menu.

Handheld information will be displayed in this box when

successfully connected. Follow the prompts for completing
the update process and rebooting the Handheld.

A NOTE: Firmware updates require all

instrumentation (Handheld, sonde,
sensors, and desktop software) be updated
to function properly.

pg | 80
 Calibration
5.1 Basic
EXO sensors (except temperature) require periodic calibration to assure high performance. Calibration
procedures follow the same basic steps with slight variations for particular parameters. Conduct calibrations
in a temperature-controlled lab.

Calibration set-up.
For accurate results, thoroughly rinse the EXO calibration cup
with water, and then rinse with a small amount of the calibration
standard for the sensor you are going to calibrate. Two to three
rinses are recommended. Discard the rinse standard, then refill
the calibration cup with fresh calibration standard. Fill the cup
to approximately the first line with a full sensor payload or the
second line with small sensor payload. Volumes will vary, just
make certain that the sensor is submerged. Be careful to avoid
Fill to line 2 cross-contamination with other standards.
Fill to line 1 Begin with a clean, dry probe installed on the EXO sonde. Install
the clean calibration guard over the probe(s), and then immerse
the probe(s) in the standard and tighten the calibration cup
onto the EXO sonde. We recommend using one sonde guard for
calibration procedures only, and another sonde guard for field
deployments. This ensures a greater degree of cleanliness and
accuracy for the guard used in the calibration procedure.

Basic calibration in KOR software.

Matching units Go the Calibrate menu in KOR software. This menu’s appearance
will vary depending on the sensors installed in the sonde. Select
the sensor you are going to calibrate from the list. Next select
the parameter for the sensor you are going to calibrate. Some
sensors have only one parameter option, while other sensors have
multiple options.
In the next menu, select a 1-, 2-, or 3-point calibration, depending
on your sensor. Enter the value of the standard you are using.
Check that the value you enter is correct and its units match
the units at the top of the menu (e.g., microSiemens versus
milliSiemens). You may also enter optional information for type
of standard, manufacturer of standard, and lot number.
Click the Start Calibration button. This action initiates the probe’s calibration in the standard; initially the
data reported will be unstable and then they will move to stable readings. Click the Graph Data button to
compare the pre-cal and post-cal values in graph form. Users should confirm that the value is within their
acceptable margin of error. Once readings are stable, click Apply to accept this calibration point. Repeat the
process for each calibration point. Click Complete when all points have been calibrated.
A calibration summary appears with a QC score. View, export, and/or print the calibration worksheet. If a
calibration error appears, repeat the calibration procedure.

pg | 81
 Calibration
5.2
4.4 Conductivity / Temperature
Clean the conductivity cell with the supplied soft brush before calibrating (see section 6.14).
Also, review the basic calibration description in section 5.1.

This procedure calibrates conductivity, non-linear function (nLF) conductivity, specific conductance,
salinity, and total dissolved solids.

Place the correct amount of conductivity standard into a clean and dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup. A
variety of standards are available based on the salinity of your environment. Select the appropriate calibration
standard for your deployment environment; we recommend using standards greater than 1 mS/cm (1000
μS/cm) for greatest stability.

Carefully immerse the probe end of the sonde into the solution, making sure the standard is above the vent
holes on the conductivity sensor. Gently rotate and/or move the sonde up and down to remove any bubbles
from the conductivity cell.

Allow at least one minute for temperature equilibration before proceeding.

In the Calibrate menu, select Conductivity and then a second menu will offer the options of calibrating
conductivity, nLF conductivity, specific conductance, or salinity. Calibrating any one option automatically
calibrates the other parameters. After selecting the option of choice (specific conductance is normally
recommended), enter the value of the standard used during calibration. Be certain that the units are correct
and match the units displayed in the second window at the top of the menu.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they
are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this
calibration point.

- If the data do not stabilize after 40 seconds, gently rotate the sonde or remove/reinstall the cal cup
to make sure there are no air bubbles in the conductivity cell.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde and sensor(s) in tap or purified water and dry.

pg | 82
 Calibration
5.3 Dissolved Oxygen
First review the basic calibration description in section 5.1.

ODO % sat and ODO % local – 1-point

Place the sonde with sensor into either saturated air or saturated water:
(a) Saturated air: Ensure there are no water droplets on the DO sensor or the thermistor. Place into a
calibration cup containing about 1/8 inch of water that is vented by loosening the threads. (Do not seal the
cup to the sonde.) Wait 10-15 minutes before proceeding to allow the temperature and oxygen pressure to
equilibrate. Keep out of direct sunlight.
(b) Saturated water: Place into a container of water which has been continuously sparged with an aquarium
pump and air stone for one hour. Wait approximately 5 minutes before proceeding to allow the temperature
and oxygen pressure to equilibrate.
In the Calibrate menu, select ODO, then select ODO % sat or ODO % local. Calibrating in ODO % sat
automatically calibrates ODO mg/L and ODO % local and vice versa.

Enter the current barometric pressure in mm of Hg (Inches of Hg x 25.4 = mm Hg).

NOTE: Laboratory barometer readings are usually “true” (uncorrected) values of air pressure and
can be used “as is” for oxygen calibration. Weather service readings are usually not “true”, i.e., they
are corrected to sea level, and therefore cannot be used until they are “uncorrected”. An approximate
formula for this “uncorrection” (where the BP readings MUST be in mm Hg) is:
True BP = [Corrected BP] – [2.5 * (Local Altitude in ft above sea level/100)]
Click 1 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter the standard value (air saturated).
Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they
are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this
calibration point.
Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

mg/L – 1-point
Place the sonde with sensor in a container which contains a known concentration of dissolved oxygen in
mg/L and that is within ±10% of air saturation as determined by one of the following methods:
- Winkler titration
- Aerating the solution and assuming that it is saturated
- Measurement with another instrument

A Carrying out DO mg/L calibrations at values outside the range of ±10 % of air saturation is likely to
compromise the accuracy specification of the EXO sensor. For highest accuracy, calibrate in % saturation.
In the Calibrate menu, select ODO, then select ODO mg/L. Calibrating in ODO mg/L automatically
calibrates ODO % sat and vice versa.
Click 1 Point for Calibration Points. Enter the known mg/L concentration for the standard value. Click Start
Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data
shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point. Click
Complete.
Rinse the sonde and sensor(s) in tap or purified water and dry.

pg | 83
 ODO % sat, ODO % local or mg/L – 2-point (or zero point)
Normally it is not necessary to perform a 2-point calibration for the DO sensor, and the procedure is not
recommended unless (a) you are certain that the sensor does not meet your accuracy requirements at low
DO levels and (b) you are operating under conditions where you are certain to be able to generate a medium
which is truly oxygen-free.

For ODO % sat or ODO % local, calibrate your sonde at zero oxygen and in water-saturated air or air-
saturated water. For ODO mg/L, calibrate your sonde at zero oxygen and a known concentration of oxygen
within ±10% of air-saturation. The key to performing a 2-point calibration is to make certain that your zero-
oxygen medium is truly oxygen-free:
- If you use nitrogen gas for the zero-point calibration, make certain that the vessel you use has a
small exit port to prevent back diffusion of air and that you have completely purged the vessel before
confirming the calibration.
- If you use sodium sulfite solution for the zero-point calibration, prepare the solution at a
concentration of approximately 2 g/L at least two hours prior to use and keep it sealed in a bottle
which does not allow diffusion of oxygen through the sides of the container. Transfer the sodium
sulfite solution rapidly from its container to the calibration cup, fill the cup as full as possible with
solution to minimize head space, and seal the cup to the sonde to prevent diffusion of air into the
vessel.
Place the sonde with DO and temperature sensors in a zero-oxygen medium.

In the Calibrate menu, select ODO, then select either ODO % sat, ODO % local or ODO mg/L.

Click 2 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter Zero Point as the value of the first standard.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they
are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this
calibration point.

- If you used sodium sulfite solution as your zero calibration medium, you must thoroughly remove
all traces of the reagent from the probes and wiper prior to proceeding to the second point. We
recommend that the second calibration point be in air-saturated water if you use sodium sulfite
solution.

Next place the sensors in the medium containing a known oxygen pressure or concentration and wait at
least 10 minutes for temperature equilibration. Click Proceed in the pop-up window. Then enter either
the barometer reading in mm Hg (for ODO %) or the actual concentration of oxygen which was probably
determined from a Winkler titration (for ODO mg/L). Observe the readings under Current and Pending
data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds),
click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

A Carrying out DO mg/L calibrations at values outside the range of ±10 % of air saturation is likely to
compromise the accuracy specification of the EXO sensor. For highest accuracy, calibrate in % saturation.
Rinse the sonde and sensor(s) in tap or purified water and dry.

pg | 84
 Calibration
5.4 Depth and Level
NOTE: This calibration option is available only if your sonde is equipped with an integral depth sensor or a
vented level sensor.

For the calibration, make certain that the depth sensor or vented level sensor is in air and not immersed in
any solution. Also, review the basic calibration description in section 5.1.

In the Calibrate menu, select Port D-Depth, then select Depth or Level from the second menu.

Click 1 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter 0 or go to the Advanced menu to enter a known sensor offset.

- If a depth offset is entered, the output value will shift by the value of the offset. Users may use an
offset if referencing a water elevation against a known datum.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they
are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this
calibration point. This process zeros the sensor with regard to current barometric pressure.

Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate
menu.

For best performance of depth measurements, users should ensure that the orientation of the sonde remains
constant while taking readings. This is especially important for vented level measurements. Keep the sonde
still and in one position while calibrating.

Advanced
Mounting: Use the Advanced menu to select if a sonde will
be mounted in a moving/profiling deployment instead of a
fixed location.
Depth Offset: Enter a datum or barometric pressure offset
at time of calibration. Barometric pressure offset allows the
depth data to be post-processed for barometric pressure
changes over the course of the deployment.

Altitude/Latitude: Enter the coordinates for the local

altitude (in feet, relative to sea level) and latitude (in degrees)
where the sonde is sampling. Latitude values are used in the
calculation of depth or level to account for global variations
in the gravitational field.

pg | 85
 Calibration
5.5 pH
1-point
Select the 1-point option to calibrate the pH probe using one calibration standard.

2-point
Select the 2-point option to calibrate the pH probe using two calibration standards. In this procedure, the pH
sensor is calibrated with a pH 7 buffer and a pH 10 or pH 4 buffer depending on your environmental water.
A 2-point calibration can save time (versus a 3-point calibration) if the pH of the media to be monitored is
known to be either basic or acidic.
3-point
Select the 3-point option to calibrate the pH probe using three calibration standards. In this procedure,
the pH sensor is calibrated with a pH 7 buffer and two additional buffers. The 3-point calibration method
assures maximum accuracy when the pH of the media to be monitored cannot be anticipated.

Review the basic calibration description in section 5.1.

Pour the correct amount of pH buffer in a clean and dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup. Carefully immerse
the probe end of the sonde into the solution, making sure the sensor’s glass bulb is in solution by at least 1
cm. Allow at least 1 minute for temperature equilibration before proceeding.

In the Calibrate menu, select pH or pH/ORP, then select pH.

Select the number of points desired for the calibration. Enter the value(s) of the pH buffer(s) that will be
used for the calibration.
A - Observe the temperature reading above the standard value. The actual pH value of all buffers varies
with temperature. Enter the correct value from the bottle label for your calibration temperature for
maximum accuracy. For example, the pH of one manufacturer’s pH 7 Buffer is 7.00 at 25˚C, but 7.02
at 20˚C.
- If no temperature sensor is installed, user can manually update temperature by entering a value.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they
are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this
calibration point. Confirm that the Pending data value is close to the Setpoint value. Click Proceed and wait
for the software to prompt you to move the sensor to the next standard solution.
Rinse the sensor in deionized water. Pour the correct amount of an additional pH buffer standard into a
clean, dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup, and carefully immerse the probe end of the sonde into the solution.
Allow at least 1 minute for temperature equilibration before proceeding.

Repeat the calibration procedure and click Apply when the data are stable. Rinse the sensor and pour
additional pH buffer, if necessary. Repeat calibration procedure for the third point and click Apply when
data are stable.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde and sensors in tap or purified water and dry.

pg | 86
 Calibration
5.6 ORP
Review the basic calibration description in section 5.1.

Pour the correct amount of standard with a known oxidation reduction potential value (we recommend
Zobell solution) in a clean and dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup. Carefully immerse the probe end of the
sonde into the solution.

In the Calibrate menu, select pH/ORP, then select ORP mV.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they
are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this
calibration point.

A Do not leave sensors in Zobell solution for a long time. A chemical reaction occurs with the copper
on the sonde (sonde bulkhead, central wiper assembly, copper tape). While the reaction does not impact
calibration, it will degrade the sonde materials over time. Discard the used standard.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water and dry the sonde.

Effect of temperature on ORP

The oxidation reduction potential value shows an inverse relationship with temperature. This effect must
be accounted for when calibrating the EXO ORP sensor with Zobell solution. Enter the mV value from the
table below that corresponds to the temperature of the standard.

Temp (˚C) mV Temp (˚C) mV

-5 270.0 25 231.0
0 263.5 30 224.5
5 257.0 35 218.0
10 250.5 40 211.5
15 244.0 45 205.0
20 237.5 50 198.5

pg | 87
 Calibration
5.7
4.4 Turbidity
Before calibrating, be certain that the probe is clean and free of debris. Solid particles, particularly those
carried over from past deployments, will contaminate the standards during your calibration protocol and
cause either calibration errors and/or inaccurate field data (cleaning instructions, section 6.13). Use a clean,
spare sonde guard. Also, review the basic calibration description in section 5.1.
For proper calibration, you must use standards that have been prepared according to details in Standard
Methods for the Treatment of Water and Wastewater (Section 2130 B). Acceptable standards include (a)
formazin prepared according to Standard Methods, especially for calibration points greater than 1010; (b)
dilutions of 4000 NTU formazin concentrate purchased from Hach; (c) Hach StablCalTM standards in various
NTU denominations; and (d) AMCO-AEPA standards prepared specifically for the EXO turbidity sensor by
the manufacturer (see table next page).

A The use of standards other than those mentioned above will result in calibration errors and inaccurate
field readings. It is important to use the same type of standard for all calpoints. (i.e. do not mix formazine
and AMCO-AEPA standard for different points in a multi-point cal).

2-point
Pour the correct amount of 0 NTU standard (clear deionized or distilled water) into the calibration cup.
Immerse the probe end of the sonde into the water.
In the Calibrate menu, select Turbidity, then select Turbidity FNU.
Click 2 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter 0 FNU for first standard value and 124 FNU for second
standard value. (0 must be calibrated first.)
- If the water to be evaluated is known to be low in turbidity, an appropriate choice of standards
might be 0 and 12.4. However, for general purpose measurements an appropriate choice of standards
is usually 0 and 124.
- If deploying with a copper anti-fouling guard, use this guard during calibration to calibrate for any
offset; input 0.5 or 1 instead of 0. The guard must be clean and free of sediment and debris.
Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data
shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.
- If the temperature of your field site is substantially different from the lab temperature, allow the
sensor to sample for 3-5 minutes at each calibration point before accepting it. This step ensures the
best possible temperature compensation when deployed.
Next place the sensors in the second calibration standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe
the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to
activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for
approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.
Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.
Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water and dry the sonde.

pg | 88
3-point
Select the 3-point calibration option for maximum accuracy over a wider range. As for the 2-point
procedure, the first standard must be 0 FNU. Because of the linearity characteristics of the sensors, we
recommend that the other two standards have turbidity values of 124 and 1010 FNU. It is important to use
a consistent type of standard for all calibration points. The procedure for this calibration is the same as for
a 2-point calibration, but the software will prompt you to proceed to an additional solution to complete the
3-point procedure.

Calibration Limits
Due to the non-linear response of the turbidity sensor, calibration ranges may be limited. A 1-, 2-, or 3-point
calibration may be completed, using the following limits:

1-point 2-point 3-point

0-1 FNU 5-199 FNU 200-4200 FNU
(or NTU) (or NTU) (or NTU)

Calibration standards
The following standards are available for the EXO turbidity sensor:

0 NTU (all turbidity sensors);

608000 1 gallon
12.4 FNU (EXO); 12.7 NTU
607200 (YSI 6-Series); 1 gallon
124 FNU (EXO); 126 NTU (YSI
607300 6-Series); 1 gallon
1010 FNU (EXO); 1000 NTU
607400 (YSI 6-Series); 1 gallon

pg | 89
 Calibration (Chl + BGA)
5.8
4.4 Total Algae
Review the basic calibration description in section 5.1.
Before calibrating, be certain that the sensing window is clean (cleaning instructions, section 6.13).

Chlorophyll
This procedure calibrates Chlorophyll RFU or Chlorophyll μg/L. If the user has both units selected, then this
procedure must be performed twice, once for each unit, to completely calibrate the parameter.

For 2-point calibrations, one standard must be clear water (0 μg/L), and this standard must be calibrated
first. The other standard should be in the range of a known chlorophyll content of the water to be monitored.
Two general types of standards can be used: (a) phytoplankton suspensions of known chlorophyll content,
determined by employing the extractive analysis procedure described in Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, or by analyzing the suspension in situ using a laboratory fluorometer,
and (b) dye solutions whose fluorescence can be correlated to that of chlorophyll.

For option (b), we recommend using a 625 μg/L Rhodamine WT dye solution (for detailed instructions, see
section 5.11), and the solution is used in the calibration steps below.

μg/L – 1- or 2-point
This procedure will zero your fluorescence sensor and use the default sensitivity for calculation of chlorophyll
concentration in μg/L, allowing quick and easy fluorescence measurements that are only semi-quantitative
with regard to chlorophyll. However, the readings will reflect changes in chlorophyll from site to site, or over
time at a single site.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe
end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PC/Chlor, then select Chl μg/L. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration.
Enter 0 for first standard value and 66 for second standard value.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data
shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Next place the sensors in the Rhodamine WT standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe
the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to
activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for
approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.
Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water and dry the sonde.

RFU – 1- or 2-point
RFU is a percent full scale output; it outputs relative fluorescence from 0-100%. This calibration procedure is
recommended if you are also using grab samples to post-calibrate in vivo chlorophyll readings.

pg | 90
The sonde will report relative values of fluorescence in the sample being measured. These values can be
converted into actual chlorophyll concentrations in μg/L by using a post-calibration procedure, after the
chlorophyll content of grab-samples taken during a deployment has been analyzed in a laboratory. This
determination can involve conducting the extractive analysis procedure described for chlorophyll in Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or by carrying out an in situ measurement of chlorophyll using
a commercial benchtop fluorometer.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe
end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PC/Chlor, then select Chl RFU. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration.
Enter 0 for first standard value and 16.4 for second standard value.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data
shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Next place the sensors in the Rhodamine WT standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe
the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to
activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for
approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water and dry the sonde.

Blue-green Algae Phycocyanin

This procedure calibrates BGA RFU or BGA μg/L. If the user has both units selected, then this procedure
must be performed twice, once for each unit, to completely calibrate the parameter.

For the 2-point calibration, one of the standards must be clear water (0 μg/L), and this standard must
be calibrated first. The other standard should be in the range of the suspected BGA-PC content at the
environmental site. Two general types of standards can be used: (a) phytoplankton suspensions of known
BGA-PC content, and (b) dye solutions whose fluorescence can be correlated to that of BGA-PC. The user
is responsible for determining the BGA-PC content of algal suspensions by using standard cell counting
techniques.

For option (b), we recommend using a 625 μg/L Rhodamine WT dye solution (for detailed instructions, see
section 5.11), and the solution is used in the calibration steps below.

μg/L – 1- or 2-point
This procedure will zero your fluorescence sensor and use the default sensitivity for calculation of
phycocyanin-containing BGA in μg/L, allowing quick and easy fluorescence measurements that are only
semi-quantitative with regard to BGA-PC. However, the readings will reflect changes in BGA-PC from site
to site, or over time at a single site.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe
end of the sonde in the water.

pg | 91
In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PC/Chlor, then select BGA μg/L. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration.
Enter 0 for first standard value and 16 for second standard value.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data
shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Next place the sensors in the Rhodamine WT standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe
the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to
activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for
approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.
Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water and dry the sonde.

RFU – 1- or 2-point
RFU is a percent full scale output; it outputs relative fluorescence from 0-100%. This calibration procedure
is recommended if you are also using grab samples to post-calibrate in vivo algae readings.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe
end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PC/Chlor, then select BGA RFU. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration.
Enter 0 for first standard value and 16 for second standard value.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data
shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Next place the sensors in the Rhodamine WT standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe
the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to
activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for
approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water and dry the sonde.

pg | 92
Blue-green Algae Phycoerythrin
This procedure calibrates BGA RFU or BGA μg/L. If the user has both units selected, then this procedure
must be performed twice, once for each unit, to completely calibrate the parameter.

For the 2-point calibration, one of the standards must be clear water (0 μg/L), and this standard must
be calibrated first. The other standard should be in the range of the suspected BGA-PE content at the
environmental site. Two general types of standards can be used: (a) phytoplankton suspensions of known
BGA-PE content, and (b) dye solutions whose fluorescence can be correlated to that of BGA-PE. The user
is responsible for determining the BGA-PE content of algal suspensions by using standard cell counting
techniques.

For option (b), we recommend using a 625 μg/L Rhodamine WT dye solution (for detailed instructions, see
section 5.11), and the solution is used in the calibration steps below.

μg/L – 1- or 2-point
This procedure will zero your fluorescence sensor and use the default sensitivity for calculation of
phycoerythrin-containing BGA in μg/L, allowing quick and easy fluorescence measurements that are only
semi-quantitative with regard to BGA-PE. However, the readings will reflect changes in BGA-PE from site
to site, or over time at a single site.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe
end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PE/Chlor, then select BGA μg/L. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration.
Enter 0 for first standard value and 16 for second standard value.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data
shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Next place the sensors in the Rhodamine WT standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe
the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to
activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for
approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.
Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water and dry the sonde.

RFU – 1- or 2-point
RFU is a percent full scale output; it outputs relative fluorescence from 0-100%. This calibration procedure
is recommended if you are also using grab samples to post-calibrate in vivo algae readings.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe
end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PE/Chlor, then select BGA RFU. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration.
Enter 0 for first standard value and 16 for second standard value.

pg | 93
Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data
shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Next place the sensors in the Rhodamine WT standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe
the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to
activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for
approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water and dry the sonde.

pg | 94
 Calibration
5.9
4.4 fDOM
Review the basic calibration description in section 5.1. Before calibrating, be certain that the sensing window
is clean (cleaning instructions, section 6.13).
This procedure calibrates fDOM RFU or fDOM QSU/ppb. If the user has both units selected, then this
procedure must be performed twice, once for each unit, to completely calibrate the parameter.
For 2-point calibrations, the first standard must be clear water (0 μg/L). The second standard should be a 300
μg/L quinine sulfate solution. (For detailed instructions for mixing this solution, see section 5.11.)
A Do not leave sensors in quinine sulfate solution for a long time. A chemical reaction occurs with the
copper on the sonde (wiper assembly, sonde bulkhead, copper tape) that degrades the solution and causes
it to drift. Also, start with very clean sensors, as the presence of chloride and halide ions (from estuarine or
seawater, conductivity standards, and Zobell solution) can compromise QS fluorescence.
QSU – 1- or 2-point
Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe
end of the sonde in the water.
In the Calibrate menu, select fDOM, then select QSU/ppb. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration. Enter 0
for first standard value and 300 μg/L for second standard value.
Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points, and when they are Stable
(or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.
Remove the central wiper from the EXO2 sonde before proceeding to the next step.
Next place the sensors in the correct amount of 300 μg/L quinine sulfate standard in the calibration cup. Click
Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
verify that no air bubbles reside on the sensing face of the sensor. If there are bubbles, gently shake or move the
sensor to dislodge. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds),
click Apply to accept this calibration point.
Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.
RFU – 1- or 2-point
Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe
end of the sonde in the water.
In the Calibrate menu, select fDOM, then select RFU. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration. Enter 0 for
first standard value and 100 RFU for second standard value.
Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points, and when they are Stable
(or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.
Remove the central wiper from the EXO2 sonde before proceeding to the next step.
Next place the sensors in the correct amount of 300 μg/L quinine sulfate standard in the calibration cup. Click
Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing,
verify that no air bubbles reside on the sensing face of the sensor. If there are bubbles, gently shake or move the
sensor to dislodge. When data are Stable (or data shows no significant change for approximately 40 seconds),
click Apply to accept this calibration point.
Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu. Rinse the sonde in tap or
purified water and dry the sonde. Discard the used standard.

pg | 95
 Calibration
5.10
4.4 ISEs: Ammonium, Nitrate, & Chloride
This procedure calibrates the EXO ammonium, chloride, or nitrate sensor. The sensors can be calibrated to
one, two or three points. The 3-point calibration method assures maximum accuracy when the temperature
of the media to be monitored cannot be anticipated; we strongly recommend a 3-point calibration for best
performance of ISE sensors. Review the basic calibration description in section 5.1.

The temperature response of ion-selective electrodes is not as predictable as that of pH sensors. Therefore, be
sure to carry out a 3-point calibration the first time you use the sensor. This will provide a default setting for
the effect of temperature on your sensor. After this initial calibration, you can use the less time-consuming
2-point and 1-point routines to update the 3-point calibration. However, we strongly recommend a new
3-point calibration after each deployment of 30 days or longer.

Due to the nature of ion-selective electrodes, it is recommended that they be used for sampling purposes
for the greatest accuracy. Using an ISE in long-term deployments is possible, but it’s important to note that
drift occurs over an extended period of time. Collecting grab samples from the site is encouraged to correct
for drift. Additionally, sample readings should be taken after sensors have fully stabilized. Calibrating in
a continuously stirred solution from 1 to 5 minutes has shown to improve sensor performance. For best
performance sensors should be calibrated as close to the expected field conditions as possible.

For more ISE precautions, drift, and accuracy notes please see “ISE Precautions” at the end of this section.
1-point
Select the 1-point option only if you are adjusting a previous calibration. If a 2-point or 3-point calibration
has been performed previously, you can adjust the calibration by carrying out a 1-point calibration.
2-point
Select the 2-point option to calibrate the ammonium sensor using only two calibration standard solutions. In
this procedure, the ammonium sensor is calibrated using a 1 mg/L NH4+ -N and 100 mg/L NH4+ -N calibration
standard solutions. A 2-point calibration procedure (as opposed to a 3-point procedure) can save time if the
temperature range of the media being monitored is known and stable.
3-point
Select the 3-point option to calibrate the ammonium sensor using three calibration standard solutions, two at
ambient temperature and one at a temperature substantially different from ambient. The 3-point calibration
method should be used to assure maximum accuracy when the temperature of the media to be monitored
cannot be anticipated. 3-point calibration temperatures should span the range of interest, for example 20°C
and 2°C for “cold” and 20°C and 30°C for “hot”. The procedure for this calibration is the same as for a 2-point
calibration, but the software will prompt you to place the sensor in the additional calibration standard solution
to complete the 3-point procedure. Be certain that the calibration standard solution and sensor are thermally
equilibrated prior to proceeding with the calibration. The recommended order of calibration standards is (1)
1 mg/L NH4+ -N standard at ambient temperature, (2) 100 mg/L NH4+ -N standard at ambient temperature,
and (3) 1 mg/L NH4+ -N standard at a different temperature (usually lower) than ambient, ±10°C minimum.
- To save time during calibration, chill/heat a sufficient amount of 1 mg/L NH4+ -N calibration standard
solution prior to the start of calibration.

pg | 96
 Ammonium 3-point
A Do not expose electrodes to high-conductivity solutions. Exposure will reduce data quality and response
of the sensors. During calibration of other sensors, remove the ISEs to avoid exposing them to conductivity
standards, Zobell solution, pH buffer, or any solution with significant conductivity.
In the Calibrate menu, select ISE, then select ammonium.

Click 3-point for the Calibration Points. Enter 1 mg/L as the value of the first standard, 100 mg/L as the value
of the second standard, and 1 mg/L as the value of the third standard.
Click Start Calibration.
Pour a sufficient amount of 1 mg/L NH4+ -N calibration standard solution at ambient temperature in a clean
and dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup. Carefully immerse the sensor end of the sonde into the solution, making
sure the sensor’s tip is in solution by at least 1 cm. Allow at least 1 minute for temperature equilibration before
proceeding.
Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no
significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point. Confirm that
the Pending data value is close to the Setpoint value. Click Proceed and wait for the software to prompt you
to move the sensor to the next calibration standard solution.
Rinse the sensors in deionized water between changes of the calibration solutions. Pour a sufficient amount
of 100 mg/L of NH4+ -N calibration standard solution at ambient temperature into a clean, dry or pre-rinsed
calibration cup and carefully immerse the sensor end of the sonde into the solution. Allow at least 1 minute
for temperature equilibration before proceeding.
Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no
significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point. Confirm that
the Pending data value is close to the Setpoint value. Click Proceed and wait for the software to prompt you
to move the sensor to the next calibration standard solution.
Rinse the sensors in deionized water between changes of the calibration solutions. Immerse the sensor end of
the sonde in the pre-chilled 1 mg/L NH4+ -N calibration standard solution ensuring that the temperature is
at least 10°C different than ambient. Allow at least 1 minute for temperature equilibration before proceeding.
Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no
significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point. Confirm that
the Pending data value is close to the Setpoint value.
Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor
calibration menu
Rinse the sonde in tap or purified water.

Nitrate 3-point
The calibration procedure for nitrate is identical to the procedure for ammonium, except that the calibration
standard solution values are in mg/L NO3- -N instead of NH4+ -N.

Chloride 3-point
The calibration procedure for chloride is identical to the procedure for ammonium and nitrate, except that
the calibration standard solution values are in mg/L Cl- instead of NH4+ -N or NO3- -N. YSI recommends
that the user employ standards for chloride that are 10 times greater than for ammonium and nitrate and
that span the expected deployment conditions. Typical calibration ranges are 100mg/L Cl- – 1000mg/L Cl- or
1000mg/L Cl- – 18000mg/L Cl-.

pg | 97
A ISE Precautions
• Ion-selective electrodes may not stabilize as rapidly as pH sensors. Be sure to allow plenty of time for the
readings to come to their final values during all calibration routines.

• Ion-selective electrodes generally drift more than pH sensors. To check for this drift, read the sensor’s value
in a calibration standard solution at the end of each deployment.

• Ammonium and nitrate standards are good growth media for a variety of organisms. This growth can
significantly reduce the nitrogen content of your standards, an effect that is particularly important for the
1 mg/L solution. It is best to use new standards for each deployment, but if you decide to save your solutions
for reuse, we recommend refrigerated storage to minimize the growth of these organisms.

• Remember that the ammonium, nitrate, and chloride sensors will take longer to stabilize after exposure to
high conductivity solutions such as a pH calibration. To accelerate the recovery process, soak the sensor in
100 mg/L (ammonium or nitrate standard solution) or 1000mg/L Cl- standard solution for a few minutes
after exposure. In addition, be particularly careful that readings are stable during subsequent calibrations.

Sensor Drift
The ion-selective electrodes have the greatest tendency to exhibit calibration drift over time. This drift should
not be a major issue for sampling studies where the instrument can be frequently calibrated. However, if the
sensor is used in longer-term deployments, drift is almost certain to occur. The extent of the drift will vary
depending on the age of the probe, the flow rate at the site, and the quality of the water. For all monitoring
studies using ion-selective electrodes, the user should acquire a few grab samples during the deployment for
analysis in the laboratory or with another sensor that has been recently calibrated.

Sensor Accuracy Specifications

The typical accuracy specification for the sensors (+/-10% of reading or 2mg/L which ever is greater for
ammonium and nitrate and ±15% of reading or 5mg/L which ever is greater for chloride) refer to sampling
applications where only minimal time has elapsed between calibration and field use.

To maintain accuracy specifications for EXO sensor, we recommend that users calibrate sensors in the lab in
standards with temperatures as close to the ambient temperature of the field water as possible.

All ion-selective electrodes are subject to the interaction of species with the sensor membrane, which are
similar in nature to the analyte. These interfering species thus include other halide ions (fluoride, bromide,
and iodide) as well as other anions.

Despite the potential problems with interference when using ISEs, it is important to remember that almost
all-interfering species produce an artificially high reading. Thus, if the sensor indicates the presence of only
small quantities, it is unlikely that the reading is erroneously low because of interference. Unusually high
readings (which could be due to interfering ions) should be confirmed by laboratory analysis after collection
of water samples.

pg | 98
 Calibration
5.11 Calibration Standards
Quinine Sulfate Solution for fDOM Sensor
A Before using a quinine sulfate reagent (solid or solution) or sulfuric acid reagent, read the safety instructions
provided by the supplier. Take extra precautions when making dilutions of concentrated sulfuric acid, as this
reagent is particularly dangerous. Remember that only trained personnel should handle chemicals.

Preparation
Use the following procedure to prepare a 300 μg/L solution of quinine sulfate (300 QSU) that can be used to
calibrate the EXO fDOM sensor for field use:

1. Purchase solid quinine sulfate dihydrate with a high purity (>99%). (Recommended supplier: Fisher Scientific
item #6119-70-6.) Purchase 0.1 N (0.05 M) sulfuric acid, to avoid the hazards of diluting concentrated
sulfuric acid to make this reagent. (Recommended supplier: Fisher Scientific item # AA35651K7.)
2. Weigh 0.100 g of solid quinine sulfate dihydrate and quantitatively transfer the solid to a 100-mL
volumetric flask. Dissolve the solid in about 50 mL of 0.05 M (0.1 N) sulfuric acid (H2SO4), dilute
the solution to the mark of the volumetric flask with additional 0.05 M sulfuric acid, and mix well by
repeated inversion. This solution is 1000 ppm in quinine sulfate (0.1%).
3. Transfer 0.3 mL of the 1000 ppm solution to a 1000 mL volumetric and then fill the flask to the top
graduation with 0.05 M sulfuric acid. Mix well to obtain a solution of 300 μg/L (300 QSU or 100 RFU).
4. Store the concentrated standard solution in a darkened glass bottle in a refrigerator to retard
decomposition. The dilute standard prepared in the previous step should be used within 5 days of
preparation and should be discarded immediately after exposure to EXO’s metal components.

Degradation of quinine fluorescence by copper and chloride

A Exposure of the quinine sulfate solution to any copper-based component of the EXO sonde and sensors
(primarily the wiper assembly) will begin to degrade the solution significantly within minutes. Quinine
fluorescence is also degraded by the presence of chloride or halide ions, found in estuarine or seawater,
conductivity standards, and Zobell solution. Thus, clean your sensors thoroughly and perform your calibration
as quickly as possible on immersion of the sensors into the quinine sulfate solution. Discard the used standard.
When quinine sulfate standards are required in the future, perform another dilution of the concentrated solution.

Effect of temperature on fluorescence

The intensity of the fluorescence of many dyes shows an inverse relationship with temperature. This effect
must be accounted for when calibrating the EXO fDOM sensor with Quinine Sulfate Solution. Enter the
QSU or RFU value from the table below that corresponds to the temperature of the standard.

Temp (˚C) RFU QSU Temp (˚C) RFU QSU

30 96.4 289.2 18 101.8 305.4
28 97.3 291.9 16 102.7 308.1
26 98.2 294.6 14 103.6 310.8
24 99.1 297.3 12 104.6 313.8
22 100 300 10 105.5 316.5
20 100.9 302.7 8 106.4 319.2

pg | 99
 Rhodamine WT Dye Solution for Total Algae Sensor
A Read and follow all the safety instructions and MSDS documentation supplied with the dye before
proceeding. Remember that only trained personnel should handle chemicals.
Preparation
Use the following procedure to prepare a Rhodamine WT solution for use as a sensor stability check reagent
for the EXO Total Algae (Chlorophyll and Blue-green Algae) sensor:
1. Purchase Rhodamine WT dye in solution form, which can vary somewhat in nominal concentration.
Recommended supplier for a solution that is approximately 2.5% in Rhodamine WT:
Fluorescent FWT Red Dye (item #106023)
Kingscote Chemicals
3334 South Tech Blvd., Miamisburg, OH 45342 USA
1-800-394-0678
2. Accurately transfer 5.0 mL of the Rhodamine WT solution into a 1000 mL volumetric flask. Fill the
flask to the volumetric mark with deionized or distilled water and mix well to produce a solution that
is approximately 125 mg/L of Rhodamine WT. Transfer this standard to a glass bottle and retain it for
future use.
3. Accurately transfer 5.0 mL of the solution prepared in the above step to a 1000 mL volumetric flask
and then fill the flask to the volumetric mark with deionized or distilled water. Mix well to obtain a
solution, which is 0.625 mg/L in water (a 200:1 dilution of the concentrated solution).
4. Store the concentrated standard solution in a glass bottle in a refrigerator to retard decomposition.
The dilute standard prepared in the previous step should be used within 24 hours of its preparation.

Discard the used standard. When Rhodamine standards are required in the future, perform another dilution
of the concentrated Rhodamine WT solution after warming it to ambient temperature.

Effect of temperature on fluorescence

The intensity of the fluorescence of many dyes shows an inverse relationship with temperature. This effect
must be accounted for when calibrating the EXO Total-Algae sensor with Rhodamine WT. Enter the μg/L
or RFU value from the table below that corresponds to the temperature of the standard.

RFU μg/L RFU μg/L

Temp (˚C) RFU Chl
μg/L Chl BGA-PC BGA-PC BGA-PE BGA-PE
30 14.0 56.5 11.4 11.4 37.3 104.0
28 14.6 58.7 13.1 13.1 39.1 109.0
26 15.2 61.3 14.1 14.1 41.0 115.0
24 15.8 63.5 15.0 15.0 43.0 120.0
22 16.4 66 16.0 16.0 45.0 126.0
20 17.0 68.4 17.1 17.1 47.0 132.0
18 17.6 70.8 17.5 17.5 49.2 138.0
16 18.3 73.5 19.1 19.1 51.4 144.0
14 18.9 76 20.1 20.1 53.6 150.0
12 19.5 78.6 21.2 21.2 55.9 157.0
10 20.2 81.2 22.2 22.2 58.2 163.0
8 20.8 83.8 22.6 22.6 60.6 170.0

pg | 100
 Chloride Standard for Chloride Sensor
A Read and follow all the safety instructions and MSDS documentation supplied with the chemical before
proceeding. Remember that only trained personnel should handle hazardous chemicals.

Preparation
Use the following procedure to prepare 10 and 1000 mg/L chloride reagents for the EXO Chloride sensor.
(Nitrate and Ammonium standards can be purchased from YSI or other laboratory supply companies.)

1000 mg/L Standard

1. Purchase solid sodium chloride from a supplier.
2. Accurately weigh 1.655 grams of anhydrous sodium chloride and transfer into a 1000 mL volumetric flask.
3. Add 0.5 grams of anhydrous magnesium sulfate to the flask.
4. Add 500 mL of water to the flask, swirl to dissolve all of the reagents. Dilute to the volumetric mark with
water. Mix well by repeated inversion and then transfer the 1000 mg/L standard to a storage bottle.
5. Rinse the flask extensively with water prior to its use in the preparation of the 10 mg/L standard.

Alternatively, simply add 0.5 grams of magnesium sulfate to a liter of a 1000 mg/L chloride standard from a
certified supplier.

10 mg/L Standard
1. Accurately measure 10 mL of the above 1000 mg/L standard solution into a 1000 mL volumetric flask.
2. Add 0.5 grams of anhydrous magnesium sulfate to the flask.
3. Add 500 mL of water, swirl to dissolve the solid reagents, and then dilute to the volumetric mark with
water. Mix well by repeated inversion and then transfer the 10 mg/L standard to a storage bottle.

pg | 101
 Calibration
5.12 Calibration Worksheet
The Calibration Worksheet is a record of the calibration for an EXO sensor. The worksheet contains quality
assurance information including date and time of calibration, date of previous calibration, sensor firmware
version, type of calibration performed, standard used, and QC score.

Calibration Worksheets are saved in the Calibration Files folder on the computer (not on the sonde). All
saved Worksheets can be accessed and viewed through the Data menu in KOR software.

Sample Worksheets:
1-point calibration of specific conductance 1-point calibration of percent saturation
on EXO conductivity/temperature probe on EXO optical dissolved oxygen probe

Additional Post-Calibration Info

ODO Gain: The ODO gain is a diagnostic value recorded on the Calibration Worksheet and used for advanced
diagnostic purposes. The nominal value is 1, and accurate calibrations of the DO sensor will only slightly
deviate from this number.
Cell Constant: The cell constant is the current value of the conductivity and is a function of the factory
original cell constant and the most recent user calibration. The cell constant will drift over time based on the
sensor’s electrodes, and the cell constant can be used to track drift.
Slope: The slope for the pH sensor is the mV per decade (pH unit) where 59 is the typical value. Slope allows
the user to track drift away from 59 to determine the life/aging of the sensor module.
Change mV: The change millivolts is the delta mV change between either 4 and 7 or 7 and 10 calibration
values for the pH sensor. It is the mV deviation away from the middle calibration point number.

pg | 102
 Sonde
6.1 Storage
Proper sonde storage helps to ensure proper sonde operation. To keep sondes in their best working order,
users must follow these instructions. This section will identify storage as “long-term” or “short-term.”Long-
term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over winter, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term
denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).

1 Short -term storage
For interim storage, users should keep sensors moist, but
not submerged; submersion during storage may produce
sensor drift. Users should aim for a storage environment of
water-saturated air (100% humidity) for the sensors.
Place approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of water (deionized,
distilled, tap, or environmental) in the bottom of the
calibration cup. Then place the sonde with all of its sensors
into the cup and close it tightly to prevent evaporation.
Users can also use a moist sponge to create a humid
environment.
Ensure that unused sensor ports are properly protected
with port plugs. The sonde itself should be stored in dry air.

To protect the cable connector, either leave the cable

installed on the connector, or install the port plug. This is
especially important for sondes with level; users should
always keep the cable connector of vented sondes dry.
(See section 7.5)

2 Long-term storage
Store all removed sensors according to the specific
instructions in their sensor storage section. Plug all open
ports, and store the sonde according the above instructions
for short-term sonde storage.

A Always remove batteries from sondes during long periods

of inactivity to prevent potentially harmful battery leaks.

pg | 103
 Sonde
6.2 Maintenance
Like all precision equipment, EXO sondes work most reliably when users maintain them properly. A proper
inspection and cleaning can prevent several issues, including leaks. When performing general maintenance on
the sonde, also check this manual’s depth and connector sections. Use only the recommended materials to service
instruments. Each sonde comes with a maintenance kit, including proper lubricants and replacement o-rings.
Users can order replacement o-ring kits (#599680 or #599681) or tool kit (#599594) from the manufacturer or
an authorized distributor.

1 Inspect and service o-rings

User-serviceable o-rings are located in the EXO sonde
battery compartments. Perform a thorough visual
inspection of o-rings each time they are exposed. Carefully
look for grit, hair, etc. on the o-ring and mating surfaces
and wipe away any contamination with a lint-free cloth.
Without removing them from their grooves, lightly grease
each o-ring with Krytox. Replace any damaged o-rings.

2 Replace o-rings.
If the above inspection reveals a damaged (split, cracked, or
misshapen) o-ring, remove it. Wipe the groove clean with
alcohol and a lint-free cloth. Grease the o-ring by drawing
it between your lightly greased thumb and index fingers.
Place the o-ring in its groove, being careful to not roll or
twist it, and lightly grease the surface. Inspect the o-ring for
contamination.
A Do not apply excess grease to the o-rings. This can cause
contamination and seal failure.

3 Inspect, clean, and grease ports.

Visually inspect each port for contamination (grit, hair,
etc.). Should the user detect contamination, remove it with
a blast of compressed air. When the port’s rubber appears
dry, lightly grease the sensor connector before insertion.
A Never insert solid objects into the sonde ports. This could
permanently damage the connectors.

pg | 104
 Sonde
6.3 Install or Replace EXO 1 Batteries
EXO1 water quality sondes use two (2) D-cell batteries as a power source. Using alkaline batteries, users can
expect approximately 90 days of deployment from a fully loaded sonde that samples once every 15 minutes.
However, deployment times may vary greatly depending on water temperature, sampling rate, sensor payload,
and brand of battery. See battery life specification, next page. Do not use Ni-Cad rechargeable batteries in the
EXO1 sonde.

1 Remove battery cover.

Start with a clean and dry sonde. Hold the sonde
horizontally with the bail up and twist the battery
cover counterclockwise until free. If necessary, slide
the sonde tool’s larger opening over the end of the
battery compartment and use it as a lever to break the
compartment free. Then slide off the battery cover.
A Do not remove the screws on the sonde.
Do not clamp the sonde in a vise.

2 Remove old batteries.

Expose the batteries by flipping the isolation flap up away
from the batteries, and pull the batteries free of their
compartment. Always dispose of used alkaline batteries
according to local requirements and regulations.
Clean the inside of the battery compartment with a lint-
free cloth.

3 Install new batteries.

Install the new batteries so that the positive terminals point
towards the bail (away from the sensor bulkhead). Replace
the isolation flap over the batteries.

Do not use 3.6V Li batteries in the sondes.

A Damage to the circuit board is not covered under warranty.

pg | 105
 4 Check and service o-rings.
Before replacing the battery cover, check and service the
A four o-rings.
Ensure that the o-rings are not nicked or torn and that they
have no contaminants or particles on them or the sealing
surfaces inside the battery cover. Clean the o-rings with a
lint-free cloth. Then apply a thin coat of Krytox® lubricant
to each o-ring.

5 Replace battery cover.

Twist the battery cover clockwise until it stops at the rubber
gasket. The gasket does not provide a seal and does not
need to be compressed. Do not overtighten; overtightening
will not create a strong seal and may damage the sonde.
The EXO1 sonde has a resealing battery relief valve; no
maintenance is required.
If a battery failure occurs that results in battery acid leakage
into the battery compartment, the sonde must be returned
to a service center for evaluation. Some battery acid will
damage the plastic in the battery compartment.

Battery life specification

When using alkaline batteries: Approximately 90 days at 20˚C at a 15-minute logging interval, and
temperature/conductivity, pH/ORP, Optical DO, and turbidity installed. Battery life is heavily dependent
on sensor configuration and is given for a typical sensor ensemble.
Battery life is reduced in cold-water applications.

When using rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries: Estimated battery life is not available
because NiMH batteries vary greatly in manufacturer capacity and discharge curves. We recommend a
NiMH D-cell battery with a minimum rating of 10,000 milliamp hours that are fully charged each time
they are used.

pg | 106
 Sonde
6.4 Install or Replace EXO 2 Batteries
EXO2 water quality sondes use four (4) D-cell batteries as a power source. Using alkaline batteries, users can
expect approximately 90 days of deployment from a fully loaded sonde that samples once every 15 minutes.
However, deployment times may vary greatly depending on water temperature, sampling rate, sensor payload,
wiper frequency, and brand of battery. See battery life specification, next page. Do not use Ni-Cad rechargeable
batteries in the EXO2 sonde.

wrench 1 Loosen battery cap.

Start with a clean and dry sonde. Slide the sonde tool’s
smaller opening over the battery cap on top of the
EXO2 top EXO2. Using the tool as a lever, firmly turn the tool
counterclockwise until the battery cap is loose.

2 Remove battery cap and old batteries.

Once the cap is sufficiently loose, remove the cap and old
batteries from the well. Always dispose of used alkaline
batteries according to local requirements and regulations.
Clean the o-ring sealing surfaces with a lint-free cloth.
Inspect down into the battery tube to make sure it is clean
and dry.

3 Insert new batteries.

Do not use 3.6V Li batteries in the sondes.
+ A Damage to the circuit board is not covered under warranty.

– With the positive terminal facing up, insert four (4) new
D-cell batteries into the battery well.

pg | 107
 4 Check and service o-rings.
A Before replacing the battery cover, inspect and service the
four o-rings.
Ensure that the o-rings are not nicked or torn and that they
have no contaminants or particles on them or the sealing
surfaces inside the battery cover. Then apply a thin coat of
Krytox® lubricant to each o-ring and sealing surface.

5 Replace battery cap.

After servicing the cap’s o-rings, insert the cap in its recess.
Then, using your thumb, press down on the pressure relief
valve while turning the cap clockwise. Once the cap threads
are engaged, use the tool to tighten until snug. Do not
overtighten; overtightening will not create a strong seal and
may damage the sonde. When completed, the top o-ring of
the cap must be below the battery compartment opening.
If a battery failure occurs that results in battery acid leakage
into the battery compartment, the sonde must be returned
to a service center for evaluation. Some battery acid will
damage the plastic in the battery compartment.

Pressure in Battery Compartment

The EXO2 sonde is equipped with a pressure relief valve to protect against catastrophic battery failure.
If the valve is open (indicating an over-pressure situation), the battery cap must be replaced. Significant
water leakage into battery compartment requires that your instrument be evaluated by the manufacturer
or Authorized Service Center before the next deployment.

Battery Life Specification

When using alkaline batteries: Approximately 90 days at 20˚C at a 15-minute logging interval, and
temperature/conductivity, pH/ORP, Optical DO, turbidity, and Total Algae-PC installed along with
a central wiper which rotates once every logging interval. Battery life is heavily dependent on sensor
configuration and is given for a typical sensor ensemble.
Battery life is reduced in cold-water applications.
When using rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries: Estimated battery life is not available
because NiMH batteries vary greatly in manufacturer capacity and discharge curves. We recommend a
NiMH D-cell battery with a minimum rating of 10,000 milliamp hours that are fully charged each time
they are used.

pg | 108
 Sonde
6.5 Replace EXO1 Bail
Sonde bails provide users with a handle for convenient transport and an attachment point for cable strain
reliefs. If an EXO1 bail breaks due to impact or standard wear and tear throughout the life of the sonde, a
user can easily replace it. We also recommend attaching the cable’s strain relief mechanism to the bail.

1 Remove battery cover.

Twist the battery cover counterclockwise until free. Then
slide off the battery cover.

2 Remove bail.
Spread the sides of the bail away from the connector, pull
the bail over the posts on top of the sonde, and remove the
o-ring from its groove and discard.

3 Install new bail.

Install a new o-ring in the groove at the base of the bail.
Then carefully spread the bail open and seat its sockets over
the posts around the connector.

pg | 109
 Sonde
6.6 Replace EXO2 Bail
Sonde bails provide users with a handle for convenient transport and an attachment point for cable strain
reliefs. If an EXO2 bail breaks due to impact or standard wear and tear throughout the life of the sonde, a
user can easily replace it. We also recommend attaching the cable’s strain relief mechanism to the bail.

1 Remove bail.
Use a small screwdriver to remove two screws on the sides
of the bail.

Once screws are removed, lift the bail off the sonde.

2 Install new bail.

Place the new bail onto the sonde, aligning holes for the
screws. With one side of the bail aligned, push on the other
side to snap it into place. Use a small screwdriver to insert
two screws on the sides of the bail. Tighten until snug.

pg | 110
 Sonde
6.7 Update Firmware & KOR Software
Users can check for and download new versions of KOR software through the EXOwater.com website. Click
on Support and then the Software tab for the latest information and complete installation instructions.

Users can check and update sensor or sonde firmware through the KOR interface software. Each device
must be connected to the computer that is running the Desktop version of KOR, and the computer must
have internet access. This process may take up to 30 minutes depending on the number of sensors updated.

1 Open firmware submenu in KOR.

Navigate to the Options menu in KOR, then to the
Firmware submenu. Immediately after clicking the
Firmware submenu button, KOR begins to search for
connected sondes and sensors and loads the table with
names, serial numbers, and current firmware versions.

2 Select device and update.

To update a device, click on the device’s name in the table
and then click the Update Selected button. KOR then
updates the device’s firmware, which could take several
minutes.
To update all connected devices (i.e., attached sonde and
senors), click the Update Network button.

NOTE: For best power management, update firmware

while a device is connected via USB, as this will provide
power to the device. However, if you use Bluetooth, we
recommend installing fully charged batteries in the sonde.

See section 6.11 for instructions on how to update sonde and

sensor firmware using the EXO Handheld when the sonde is
in the field.

pg | 111
 Handheld
6.8 Maintenance and Storage
EXO Handhelds (HH) are rugged field instruments that are tested to a rating of IP-67 in the factory. Follow
the instructions below for the most reliable performance from the HH. This section will identify storage as
“long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over winter, end of
monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval
(daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).

1 Clean handheld.
If the HH’s USB connector is contaminated, rinse it with
clean water and dry it.
To clean the HH’s cable connector, follow directions in section
6.24 for Connector Maintenance.
Wipe clean the HH’s keypad, lens, and polymer case
with a cloth soaked in clean water and a few drops of a
dishwashing liquid that contains a degreaser. Take care not
to scratch the lens.

2 Short-term storage.
Keep the HH in a safe storage location and power it down
by pressing and holding the power button for more than
three seconds. Pressing the power button for less than three
seconds does not entirely power down the instrument
(Sleep mode) and may cause unnecessary battery drain.

3 Long-term storage.
Keep the HH in a safe location and remove the batteries
(and reinstall the battery compartment panel) to prevent
potentially harmful battery leaks.
NOTE: If the HH is stored for more than several days
without batteries, the GPS will take longer to obtain a
location fix.

pg | 112
 Handheld
6.9 Install or Replace Batteries
The EXO Handheld (HHs) uses four (4) C-cell alkaline batteries as a power source. Alternatively, a rechargeable
Li-Ion battery pack is an available option (see section 3.2). Users can extend battery life by putting the HH
in “Sleep” mode, when convenient, by pressing and holding the power button for less than three seconds.
1.5V Rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries can also be used. Battery life varies depending
on GPS and Bluetooth wireless use. We recommend battery capacity of at least 5000 milliamp hours.
Do not use Ni-Cad rechargeable batteries in the Handheld.

1 Remove battery cover panel.

The battery cover panel is located on the back of the HH.
To remove the panel, unscrew (counter-clockwise) the four
screws with a flat or Phillips head screwdriver.
NOTE: The retaining screws are captured into this panel
and are not independently removable. If replacement is
necessary, replace the entire assembly.

2 Insert/replace batteries.
Do not use 3.6V Li batteries in the handheld.
A Damage to the circuit board is not covered under warranty.

Remove the old batteries and dispose of them according to

local ordinances and regulations. Install the new batteries
between the battery clips with their polarity (+/-) oriented
as shown on the bottom of the battery compartment.

If you use your own rechargeable batteries, they cannot

be charged inside the handheld; they should be charged
outside the handheld.

NOTE: A rechargeable Li-Ion battery pack specifically for

EXO Handhelds is available from YSI (see section 3.2).

3 Reinstall battery cover panel.

Ensure that the rubber battery cover gasket is seated
properly, then replace the cover onto the back of the HH.
Tighten the four retaining screws back into their holes.

A CAUTION: Overtightening of the screws is likely to cause

damage and require replacement of the battery pack.

pg | 113
 Handheld
6.10 Update Firmware and KOR Software
To update the instrument firmware and KOR software on the EXO Handheld, use the Desktop version of
KOR on a computer with internet access. KOR Desktop will go online and pull updated files for the Handheld,
which are then transferred to the Handheld via cable. (Bluetooth communication is not recommended for
this process.)

1 Connect handheld to computer.

Plug the small end of the USB cable into the port on the
top side of the EXO Handheld. Plug the other end of the
USB cable into a port on your computer. Power on the
Handheld and allow a minute for Windows to recognize
the Handheld as a removable drive before the Handheld
shows up in KOR software.

2 Update handheld.
When the Handheld is connected to the PC, go to the
Options | Firmware menu in KOR Desktop software. Select
the Update Handheld button from the bottom-right corner
of the menu. Follow the prompts for completing the update
process and rebooting the Handheld.

pg | 114
 Handheld
6.11 Update Sonde Firmware
To update the instrument firmware when a sonde is in the field, you can use the EXO Handheld instead of
a computer.

1 Download updates to handheld.

Connect the Handheld to a computer with internet access
to retrieve the latest firmware updates (see section 6.10). In
KOR desktop software, go to the Options menu, select Sync
with Handheld, and follow the prompts. When complete,
your Handheld can be brought to the field to deliver
updates to sondes and sensors.

2 Connect handheld to sonde.

Connect Handheld to sonde via Bluetooth (see section 3.5)
or field cable (see section 3.4).

3 Update sonde and sensors.

When the Handheld is connected to the sonde, go to the
Options | Firmware menu on the Handheld. The list on the
left side displays the connected device’s current firmware
and any new firmware available to install.
• To update the sonde and all sensors in the sonde, click
the Update All soft key.
• To update an individual sensor, select the sensor from
the list and click the Toggle Advanced soft key. Then
select the firmware version from the list on the right
and click the Update Selected soft key.
• Click OK to confirm that you would like to stop
deployment and update firmware.
The Handheld will update the sonde and/or sensors one
by one, and a progress screen will show when each is
completed.

pg | 115
 Depth and Level Sensor
6.12 Maintenance and Storage
EXO depth and level sensors access the water through small holes (ports) located in the sonde body or
bulkhead. Although users cannot access them directly, proper storage maintenance will help to ensure reliable
operation. Depth sensors can be stored dry, in water-saturated air, or submerged in clean water. However,
be sure that the water does not contain solutions that are corrosive. This can cause damage to the sensor’s
strain gauge.

1 Locate depth ports.

The two EXO1 depth ports are located in the yellow-
plastic section between the bulkhead tube (labeled area)
and the blue plastic battery cover. The EXO2 depth ports
are located on the metal bulkhead face itself, in the largest
open area between ports.

2 Clean depth ports.

Although users cannot directly access the depth/level
sensors, they should periodically clean them with the
syringe included in the EXO tool kit (#599594). Fill the
syringe with clean water and gently force water through
one of the ports. Ensure that water flows from the other
hole. Continue flushing the port until the water comes out
clean.
A Do not insert objects in the EXO2 depth ports, as this may
cause damage to the transducer not covered under the
warranty.

3 Level sensor storage.

Users can store these sensors either dry or submerged in
clean water. However, regardless of storage method or
length, ensure the vent tube remains dry. Always attach the
port plug to the cable connector, or leave the cable installed
with a cap over the desiccant’s vent.

pg | 116
4 Level desiccant maintenance.
Active desiccant is blue; saturated desiccant is pink. When
the desiccant closest to the sonde begins to turn pink, you
should replace (YSI 6108), or regenerate (YSI 6109) the
desiccant cartridge. To regenerate desiccant, remove it
from the cartridge and heat it for one hour at 200°C (about
400°F); then cool it an airtight container before refilling.
Also heat the felt filters at 100°C (about 200°F) for 30
minutes. The desiccant will turn blue following a successful
recharge.

pg | 117
 Standard Optical Sensor
6.13 Maintenance and Storage
Standard optical sensors include Turbidity, Total Algae, and fDOM sensors; these optical sensors are very
low maintenance. This section identifies storage as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage
during times of long inactivity (over winter, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage
during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.). Maintain connectors
as instructed in section 6.24.

1 Clean sensing window.

Turbidity, Total Algae, and fDOM require minimal
maintenance. Users should periodically inspect the optical
surface at the tip of the sensor and wipe it clean with a non-
abrasive, lint-free cloth if necessary. As much as possible,
prevent scratches and damage to the sensing window.

2 Long- and short-term storage.

Turbidity, Total Algae, and fDOM require minimal
precautions. Users can either remove the sensors or leave
them installed in the sonde for long- and short-term storage.
If left installed on the sonde, follow guidelines for sonde
storage. If users remove them from the sonde, the sensors
may be stored in dry air in their shipping cap (to protect
against physical damage).

A Do not store any sensor in quinine sulfate solution.

pg | 118
 Conductivity/Temp Sensor
6.14 Maintenance and Storage
EXO conductivity and temperature (CT) sensors require little maintenance or special attention for storage.
As much as possible, prevent impact to the sensor’s exposed thermistor. This section will identify storage
as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over-wintering,
end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular
interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.). Maintain connectors as instructed in section 6.24.

1 Clean electrode channels.

The only parts of the CT sensor that require special
maintenance are the channels leading to the internal
electrodes. Dip the sensor’s cleaning brush (included in
the sonde maintenance kit) in clean water, insert at top of
channels, and sweep the channels 15-20 times. If deposits
have formed on the electrodes, use a mild solution of dish
soap and water to brush the channels. If necessary, soak in
white vinegar to aid cleaning. Rinse the channels with clean
water following the sweepings or soak.

2 Short -term storage.
When in regular field use, the sensor should remain
installed on the sonde in an environment of water-
saturated air. Place approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of any water
(deionized, distilled, tap, or environmental) in the bottom
of the calibration cup. Insert the sonde and sensor into the
cup and screw it on tightly to prevent evaporation. (More
information in “Short-Term Sonde Storage” section 6.1.)

3 Long -term storage.
Store the sensors either dry or wet, installed on the
sonde or detached. However, before storage, perform the
recommended maintenance (above) to ensure the sensor is
in good working order for the next deployment season. If
the sensor is submerged for storage, ensure that the liquid
is not corrosive.

pg | 119
 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
6.16
6.15
6.8 Storage
EXO DO sensors require separate storage instructions from other optical sensors due to their sensing
membranes. This section will identify storage as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage
during times of long inactivity (over winter, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage
during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).

1 Short -term storage.
When in regular field use, the ODO sensor should remain
installed on the sonde. Place approximately 0.5 in (1 cm)
of any water (deionized, distilled, tap, or environmental)
in the bottom of the calibration cup. Insert the sonde
and sensor into the cup and screw it on tightly to prevent
evaporation. (More information in “Short-Term Sonde
Storage” section 6.1.)

2 Long-term storage.
Leave the sensor installed in the sonde, and submerge it in
clean water in the calibration cup. Screw the cup on tightly
to prevent evaporation. Users may also store the ODO
sensor by itself in two ways. One, submerge the sensing end
of the sensor in a container of water; occasionally check the
level of the water to ensure that it does not evaporate. Two,
store the sensor in water-saturated air.
We do not recommend storing the sensor with the
connector end unmated or exposed. If unmated, cover with
plastic connector cap.

pg | 120
 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
6.16
6.8 Maintenance and Rehydration
EXO optical Dissolved Oxygen (DO) sensors require unique maintenance instructions due to their sensing
membranes. Users should routinely perform these instructions in order to achieve the highest levels of
sensor accuracy. DO sensor caps have a typical life of 12 months. After this point, users should replace the
DO membrane cap. As caps age, accuracy is reduced, ambient light rejection suffers, and response times can
be affected. Maintain connectors as instructed in section 6.24.

1 DO membrane maintenance.
Users should periodically inspect the optical surface at the
tip of the sensor and wipe it clean with a non-abrasive, lint-
free cloth if necessary. Never use organic solvents to clean an
EXO DO sensor.
As much as possible, prevent scratches and damage to the
sapphire sensing window. Avoid getting fingerprints on the
window. If necessary, wash with warm water and dish soap
and rinse with DI water.

2 Sensor rehydration.
Users should always store DO sensors in a moist or wet
environment in order to prevent sensor drift. However,
should DO sensors be left in dry air for longer than eight
hours, they must be rehydrated. To rehydrate, soak the
DO sensor cap in warm (room temperature) tap water for
approximately 24 hours. Following this soak, calibrate the
sensor and store it in a moist environment.

3 Sensor cap replacement.

Due to restrictions inherent to all DO sensors, DO sensor
caps have a typical life of 12 months. After this point, users
should replace the DO membrane cap. To replace this cap,
follow the directions in the “Sensor Cap Replacement”
section found on the next page.

pg | 121
 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
6.17 Sensor Cap Replacement
Follow these instructions to replace the sensor cap on an EXO optical dissolved oxygen sensor once the
previous cap has exhausted its usable life (typically about one year). The DO sensor cap (#599110-01) is
shipped in a humidified container, and should be stored in a 100% humid environment. If the sensor cap
dries completely, follow instructions to rehydrate it.

1  Remove current sensor cap.

Rotate the sensor cap with your fingers counterclockwise
until free.

A If possible, do not use any tools during this process.

However, should the cap be immovable after use, carefully
twist the sensor cap with pliers until it breaks loose. Do not
use pliers on the sensor body, and take great care not to
damage the sensor threads.

2 Replace o-ring.
Without using tools, remove the previous o-ring (pinch
the o-ring out, then roll it upwards over the threads) and
discard it. Visually inspect the new o-ring for nicks, tears,
contaminants, or particles; discard damaged o-rings.
Without twisting it, carefully install the new o-ring over the
threads and into its groove, then apply a thin coat of Krytox
lubricant to the o-ring only. Ensure the sensor cap’s cavity is
completely dry before installing the new cap.

3 Install new sensor cap.

After the o-ring is installed and lubricated, wipe the clear
window at end of sensor with a lint-free cloth until clean.
Then dry the inside cavity of the sensor cap with a lint-free
cloth. With a clockwise motion, thread the new sensor cap
onto the sensor until it is finger-tight. The o-ring should
now be compressed between the sensor cap and sensor, and
not pinched. If pinched, remove and discard the o-ring and
repeat procedure.
A Do not over-tighten the sensor cap. Do not use any tools
for the installation process.

pg | 122
 4 Configure sonde for new cap.
In KOR software, configure the sonde for the new sensor
cap. Click the Calibrate button and then click the ODO
button. Next click the ODO % sat button, and in the DO
calibration window click the Advanced button.

In the Advanced menu, click the Edit button and enter the
unique membrane cap coefficients found on the instruction
sheet shipped with the DO sensor cap.

NOTE: Calibration coefficients are associated with specific

individual sensor caps. They cannot be used for other ODO
sensors.

Although measures are taken at the factory to ensure this,

please check that the serial number with the calibration
coefficients on the instruction sheet matches the serial
number engraved on the outside of the sensor cap.

5 Store sensor cap.

The sensor cap is shipped in a humidified container,
and should be consistently stored in a 100% humid
environment. Prior to installation, ensure the cap’s
container remains moist. Once the sensor cap is installed
on the sensor, maintain this environment by placing
approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of water (deionized, distilled,
tap, or environmental) in the bottom of the calibration cup
and screw it tightly onto the sonde to prevent evaporation.
You may also store the sensor by submerging the cap end in
water.

A If pH sensor is also installed, do not submerge it in distilled

water.

pg | 123
 pH and pH/ORP Sensors
6.18 Storage and Rehydration
pH and pH/ORP sensors have two specific storage requirements: they should not be stored in distilled or
deionized water and their reference electrode junction should never dry out. This section will identify storage
as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over-wintering,
end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular
interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).

1 Short -term storage.
When in regular field use, the sensor should remain
installed on the sonde in an environment of water-
saturated air. Place approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of any water
(deionized, distilled, tap, or environmental) in the bottom
of the calibration cup. Insert the sonde and sensor into the
cup and screw it on tightly to prevent evaporation. (More
information in “Short-Term Sonde Storage” section 6.1.)

2 Long-term storage.
Remove the sensor from the sonde and insert its sensing
end into the bottle that the sensor was shipped in. Install
the bottle’s o-ring and cap then tighten. This bottle contains
a 2 molar solution of pH 4 buffer. If this solution is
unavailable, users may store the sensor in tap water.

A Do not store the pH or pH/ORP sensor in Zobell solution

or DI water.

3 Rehydrate reference junction.

If the pH sensor has been allowed to dry, soak the sensor
for several hours (preferably overnight) in a 2 molar (2
M) solution of potassium chloride (KCl). In order to
create a 2 M KCl solution, dissolve 74.6 g of KCl in 500
2 M KCl mL of distilled or deionized water. If KCl is unavailable,
a tap water or pH 4 buffer soak may restore function. If
the sensor is irreparably damaged, users must replace the
sensor module.

pg | 124
 pH and pH/ORP Sensors
6.19 Maintenance
pH and pH/ORP sensors will require occasional maintenance to clear contamination from the sensing elements.
These contaminants can slow the sensor’s response time. Clean the sensors whenever deposits, biofouling, or
other contamination appear on the glass, or when the sensor’s response time slows perceptibly. Remove the
sensor from the sonde before performing the following cleaning steps. Do not attempt to physically scrub or
swab the glass bulbs. The bulbs are very fragile and will break if pressed with sufficient force. Maintain connectors
as instructed in section 6.24. Replace depleted sensor module as instructed in section 6.21.

1 Soak in dishwashing liquid solution.

Soak the sensor for 10-15 minutes in a solution of clean
water and a few drops of dishwashing liquid. Following
the soak, rinse the sensor with clean water and inspect. If
contaminants remain or response time does not improve,
continue to the HCl soak.

2 Soak in HCl solution.

Soak the sensor for 30-60 minutes in one molar (1 M)
hydrochloric acid (HCl). This reagent can be purchased
from most distributors. Following the HCl soak, rinse the
sensor in clean tap water and allow it to soak for an hour
in clean water. Stir the water occasionally. Then, rinse
the sensor again in tape water and test response time. If
response time does not improve or you suspect biological
1 M HCl contamination of the reference junction, continue to the next
soak. If HCl is not available, soak in white vinegar.
A Follow the HCl manufacturer’s instructions carefully to
avoid personal harm.

3 Soak in chlorine bleach solution.

Soak the sensor for approximately one hour in a 1:1
dilution of chlorine bleach and tap water. Following the
soak, rinse the sensor in clean tap water and allow it to
soak for at least one hour in clean water (longer if possible).
Then, rinse the sensor again in tap water and test response
Chlorine time.
Bleach

pg | 125
 ISE Sensors
6.20 Maintenance and Storage
EXO ammonium, nitrate, and chloride sensors utilize ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) to monitor these
parameters. One key requirement of storage, short or long-term, for these sensors is their reference electrode
junctions should never dry out. This section will identify storage as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term
denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over-wintering, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-
term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).
Replace depleted sensor module as instructed in section 6.21.

1 Sensor maintenance.
Ammonium or Nitrate sensor: When deposits, biofouling, or
other contamination appear on the membrane, users should
gently remove them with a fine jet of deionized water or
rinsing in alcohol followed by soaking in the high standard
calibration solution. Gently dab dry with a lint-free tissue.
Chloride sensor: When deposits, biofouling, or other
contamination appear on the membrane, users should
gently remove them by washing with alcohol and/or gently
polishing with fine emery paper in a circular motion to
remove deposits or discoloration, then thoroughly washing
with deionized water to remove any debris.
A The ion-selective membranes are very fragile. Do not use
coarse materials (e.g. paper towels) to clean the membranes,
as these could permanently damage the sensor. The exception
is fine emery paper for the chloride sensor, noted above.

2 Short -term storage.
When in regular field use, the sensor should remain
installed on the sonde in an environment of water-
saturated air. Place approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of any water
(deionized, distilled, tap, or environmental) in the bottom
of the calibration cup. Insert the sonde and sensor into the
cup and screw it on tightly to prevent evaporation. (More
information in “Short-Term Sonde Storage” section 6.1.)

3 Long-term storage.
Users should remove the sensors from the sonde and
place them in their storage bottle (installed on sensor during
shipping) with a small amount of tap water or calibration
standard. The sensors should not be immersed in water.

A Do not store the ISE sensors in conductivity standard, pH

buffer, salt water, or any solution with significant conductivity.

pg | 126
4 Rehydrate reference junction.
If an ISE sensor has been allowed to dry, soak the sensor for
several hours (preferably overnight) in the sensor’s high-
calibration solution. If the sensor is irreparably damaged,
users must replace the sensor module.

pg | 127
 Sensor Module Replacement
6.21
EXO pH, pH/ORP, ammonium, nitrate, and chloride sensors feature replaceable sensor modules (#599795,
599797, 599743-01, 599744-01, 599745-01) due to the electrolyte depleting characteristics necessary to make
such measurements. We recommend that users replace these modules as necessary—typically 12 to 18 months
for pH and ORP and three to six months for ISEs, if stored properly in a humid environment, wetting the
sponge in the provided bottle when not in use. Working life will depend on the conditions of the deployment
environment. Perform this procedure in a clean, dry laboratory environment.

1 Remove old sticker and plug.

Peel off and discard the old sticker that covers the junction
of the sensor body and the module. Then, with a small,
flat-blade screwdriver, remove the small rubber plug from
the gap in the hard plastic ring at the base of the sensor
module.
A Caution: Always exercise extra care when using sharp or
potentially harmful instruments.

2 Remove and discard old sensor

module.
To remove, perform two motions simultaneously.
1. With your fingers, squeeze the sensor module’s hard
2
plastic ring so that it compresses the gap left by the
rubber plug.
1 1 2. Steadily pull the sensor module straight back from the
sensor body, rocking slightly if necessary.
NOTE: The act of removing the old sensor module
renders the o-rings on the module unusable. To prevent
catastrophic leaks, do not attempt to reinstall a module
with damaged o-rings.
Discard the module according to your organization’s
guidelines, or return it to manufacturer for recycling.

3 Inspect and service connector cavity.

Inspect the connector cavity of the probe body for debris
or moisture. If detected, remove it with a lint-free cloth or a
gentle blast of compressed air.

pg | 128
4 Inspect and service new sensor
module’s o-rings.
Ensure that the two o-rings are not nicked or torn and have
no contaminants or particles on them. If the user detects
damage, carefully replace them with the extras included in
the sensor module kit. Then apply a thin coat of Krytox®
lubricant to each o-ring. If a user removes a sensor module
that is in good working order, replace the o-rings before
use.

5 Insert new sensor module.

Align the prongs on the base of the module with the slots
in the sensor body. The sensor module is keyed to insert
in only one orientation. Once the module is aligned, press
it firmly into position until it clicks. Wipe away any excess
grease from the assembled components.

6 Apply new sticker.

Wrap the junction of the sensor module and the body with
the new sticker included in the sensor module kit. This
sticker helps keep the sensor module junction clean and
retains the rubber plug throughout deployment.

On the sticker, mark the date the replacement module was

installed, as a reminder.

7 Re-calibrate the sensor.

Using KOR software, calibrate the sensor following each
sensor module replacement. After calibration, the sensor is
ready for field use.

pg | 129
 Wiper
6.22 Maintenance and Storage
Follow these instructions to replace the wiper brush assembly or brush guard component on the central wiper
module on the EXO2 sonde. We recommend changing the wiper between deployments to avoid sediment
carryover, which can compromise calibration and data collection. For long- and short-term storage, the wiper
requires minimal precautions. Users can either remove the wiper or leave it installed in the sonde. If left installed
on the sonde, follow guidelines for sonde storage. If users remove it from the sonde, the wiper may be stored in
dry air in its shipping cap to protect against physical damage.

1 Replace wiper brush.

Loosen set screw with 0.050 inch Allen wrench.
Remove old brush assembly and clean any residue from
wiper shaft and wiper end cap.
Install new brush assembly, gently pressing the wiper arm
down against shoulder on wiper shaft.
Tighten set screw to a torque of 4 inch-pounds. While
tightening, gently and slowly rock the brush to ensure a tight
fit against the D shaft.
Check snugness of wiper by gently rocking 5 degrees in
Align set screw in D shaft
either direction.
Rock brush back and forth ..
2 Replace brush guard.
brush
assembly
In KOR software, go to Run > Dashboard. Click the Wipe
Sensors button to ensure proper wiper park position.
Mark the position of the old guard with a marker.
brush Loosen the #6 screw with a 7/64 inch Allen wrench, remove
guard screw the old guard and clean any residue from motor housing.
Remove cover on adhesive strip on the inside of the new
brush guard.
Carefully install new brush guard in same position as old
guard—with brush centered in well. Tighten screw until
snug, but do not overtighten. (The adhesive helps to hold the
guard in place.)
If necessary, calibrate the position of the new wiper in the
KOR Calibrate menu.
NOTE: The adhesive on the guard strap, which facilitates
installation, may make it difficult to re-position the wiper
guard after it’s been installed. Take caution to mark the
position of the old guard before removing it and install the
new one in the same location. Confirm that the new guard is
aligned with the 4-pin connector at the bottom of the probe
as shown, and properly centered between ports 1 and 6 after
the wiper has been installed in the sonde.

pg | 130
 Field Cable
6.23 Maintenance and Storage
EXO field cables are rugged and provide years of reliable service when properly maintained. As with all field
cables, they are most vulnerable at their connectors. Take extra caution to protect the connectors from debris
and physical harm.

1 Inspect and clean cables.

Inspect the cable’s connectors for contamination and
remove any detected debris with a blast of compressed
air. Users should also apply a thin coat of Krytox grease to
the male pins of the connectors when they appear dried
out. However, it is better to apply too little grease than too
much. Too much grease can encourage contamination.
Periodically inspect the cable for nicks and tears to ensure
best performance.

2 Cable storage.
Users should leave the cable installed on the sonde to
protect the connectors. If necessary users may remove it
from the sonde, but extra care should be taken to protect
the connectors. Store the cable in a safe location free from
direct sunlight.

If the cable is vented, ensure the storage cap is affixed to

the desiccant inlet. Store vented cables in a bag containing
desiccant.

pg | 131
 Connectors
6.24 Maintenance and Storage
EXO sondes utilize wet-mate connectors that greatly reduce problems associated with traditional underwater
connectors. However these connectors must be properly maintained to reap the full benefit of this design.
Following these instructions will minimize most potential issues.

Never stick any foreign object into a female connector. Use only Krytox grease to lubricate the mating surfaces
of the connectors.

1 Female 6-pin connectors.

These connectors are located on field cables, EXO2
accessory connector, and EXO Handheld. Periodically
inspect the connectors for signs of contamination. If you
detect debris, remove it with a gentle blast of compressed
air. Prior to initial installation, or when dry, apply a light
coat of Krytox grease to the flat rubber mating surface on
top of the connector. When not in use, always install the
connector’s plug.

2 Male 6-pin connectors.

These connectors are located on field cables and topside
sonde connectors. Periodically inspect the connectors for
signs of contamination. If you detect debris, carefully remove
it. Prior to initial installation, or when dry, apply a light
coat of Krytox grease to the rubber mating surfaces of the
connector (including the rubber portions of the pins). When
not in use, always install the connector’s plug.

3 Sensor connectors (4-pin).

These connectors are located on sonde bulkheads (sockets)
and sensors. Periodically inspect the female portions of
these hermaphroditic connectors and the entire socket for
contamination, and remove any debris with a gentle blast
of compressed air. Prior to initial installation, or when dry,
apply a light coat of Krytox grease to the rubber area of the
sensor’s connector.

pg | 132
 4 Replace locking nut.
Retaining Locking Nut If the locking nut near the sensor connector wears out,
Ring users can replace it with #599668 (sensor) or #599669
(EXO2 central wiper).
First remove the retaining ring by inserting the tip of a
small, flat-blade screwdriver under the lip of the ring and
pry upward. Pull ring out of groove.
Slide off locking nut and replace with new locking nut.
Install new retaining ring by prying up one edge with
screwdriver and fitting it into groove. Use the screwdriver
to follow the diameter of the ring around the groove to seat
it fully.

A Wear eye protection when servicing the retaining ring.

pg | 133
 Antifouling Equipment
6.25 Maintenance
Many components on EXO sondes are made of an anti-fouling copper-alloy material that discourages the
growth of aquatic organisms. However, longer deployment intervals and highly productive waters can result
in biofouling attachment to the equipment, which should be cleaned periodically. See also instructions for
cleaning individual sensors.

1 Remove minimal biofouling.

Remove the antifouling sonde guard from the sonde. If
the guard is covered in a thin layer of slime or filaments,
wipe away the biofouling with a cloth soaked in clean water
and a few drops of a dishwashing liquid that contains a
degreaser. Rinse the guard with clean water and inspect.

2 Soak to remove heavy biofouling.

Remove the antifouling sonde guard from the sonde. If the
guard is covered in a thick layer of filaments or barnacles,
soak the guard for 10-15 minutes in a solution of clean
water and a few drops of a dishwashing liquid that contains
a degreaser. Following the soak, rinse the guard with clean
water and inspect.

3 Scrub to remove heavy biofouling.

If biofouling remains, use a small plastic scrub brush or
plastic scraper to gently scrub the biofouling off the guard.
Then wipe the guard with a wet, soapy cloth and rinse.
Do not sand or polish the inside of the guard bottom, as
this may effect turbidity readings. (The guard bottom has a
black coating that will eventually wear off.)

pg | 134
 Flow Cell
6.26 Maintenance
There are two versions of the EXO flow cell: EXO1 flow cell (#599080) and EXO2 flow cell (#599201). Flow
rate of the flow cell is typically between 100 mL and 1 L per minute. Maximum flow rate depends on tubing
type, size, and length. Maximum pressure for each is 25 psi.

1 Disassemble flow cell.

To clean the flow cell after use, unscrew and remove the
sonde from the flow cell.
Take apart the flow cell by unscrewing the base from the
locking ring. Remove the flow cell tube by gently pulling
the base and the tube apart. The locking ring will remain on
the tube due to the stainless steel retaining ring.
Repeat the same steps to remove the top of the flow cell
from the flow cell tube.

2 Clean flow cell.

Use water and a mild detergent and water to wipe clean the
flow cell parts.

3 Reassemble flow cell.

Make sure that the o-rings and threads are clean and free of
any particles such as sand, grit, or debris. Apply a thin coat
of Krytox grease to the two o-rings on the flow cell tube.
Make sure that the o-rings and stainless steel retaining
rings are properly seated on the flow cell tube. Push the
base of the flow cell onto the flow cell tube until it is firmly
seated. This creates the watertight seal.
Screw the locking ring on to the base by turning it
clockwise; do not use a tool and do not overtighten.
Repeat same steps to reconnect the top of the flow cell to
the flow cell tube.

pg | 135
 Storage Cases
6.27 Packing Equipment
In addition to the maintenance procedures for individual components of the EXO system detailed in this
section, users can store all EXO components (sonde, sensors, handheld, cables, etc.) in a large, hard-sided
carrying case (#599593-01), which measures 32x20 inches, for safe-keeping. Proper long-term storage helps
to ensure proper equipment operation. Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over
winter, end of monitoring season, etc.).

Also available from YSI is a soft-sided cloth carrying case (#605394). We also recommend Pelican® 1600 and
1700 cases, ordered from the manufacturer or reseller.

Foam cuffs
remove inner ring
at perforation
for EXO2

EXO1
Insert Sonde
plastic tray
and cable(s) on or
top of items
shown here
EXO2
Sonde

Handheld Sensors Parts kits & USB drive EXO2 or EXO1

(top foam tray) (bottom foam tray) instruction sheets KOR software spare guard spare guard

pg | 136
7.1 Vented
Overview
Level Sonde

Like EXO depth sensors, level sensors use

a differential transducer with one side
exposed to the water. However, unlike
the depth sensors which have their back
side sealed in a vacuum, the other side
of the level transducer is vented to the
atmosphere.

Because of this venting to the surface the

transducer will only measure the water
pressure exerted by the water column.
Thus, the vented level option for depth
measurement eliminates errors due to
EXO1 EXO2 changes in barometric pressure because
the barometric pressure is being seen on
both sides of the pressure sensor. This is
accomplished by using a special sensor
that has been vented to the outside
atmosphere by way of a tube that runs
through the sonde and cable. This tube
must remain open and vented to the
Transducer outside atmosphere to function. No
foreign objects can block the openings.
A Never expose the sonde or the cable
to the atmosphere for more than a few
minutes without an active desiccant or
connector dummy plug in place. Moisture
or high humidity air entering the vent
~13.9 cm tubes can condense and block the tube,
~5.5 in
Transducer
affecting accuracy; it could also cause
damage to the transducer that is not
covered by the warranty.
~0.7 cm
~0.3 in Special field cables are required for vented
level measurements. These cables have a
vent tube running through the center
~27.2 cm
~13.9 cm
and connect to the EXO sonde at the
~10.7 in
~5.5 in connector near the bail. In the center of
the sonde’s connector is a matching vent
hole. When attached, the vented cable
allows the sonde to vent through the water
column and thus gain a more accurate
depth measurement.
~34.8 cm ~21.4 cm
~13.7 in ~8.4 in

pg | 137
 7.2 Vented Level Sonde
Installation
When installing a vented level sonde, users must ensure that the sonde never exceeds an operational depth of 10 meters.
Provisions for floods, astronomical tides and severe storm events should be factored in. Exposing the depth sensor
to depths greater than 10 meters could result in damage to the pressure sensor that is not covered by the warranty.

Location of Depth Sensor

For best measurement accuracy when installing a sonde, the
sonde’s orientation and position must remain fixed.

When deploying the sonde vertically, take care to ensure the

sonde is redeployed in the same position. Use a location pin or
suspend the sonde using materials that cannot stretch (chain, wire
rope) to ensure a fixed location.

Depth sensors on the EXO2 sondes are not on center. In horizontal

deployments, take care to ensure the redeployments are always in
the same orientation.

To assist with consistent horizontal orientation, the EXO2 sonde

has an indentation at the top of the sonde for a location or
positioning pin.

Never band clamp a sonde. This can lead to the sonde body
A becoming warped and taking on water.

EXO1 Depth Sensor Reference Points (see diagram on previous page)

• From bottom of sensor guard (metal or plastic) to transducer diaphragm: ~34.8 cm / ~13.7 inches
• From face of sensor endcap to transducer diaphragm: ~27.2 cm / ~10.7 inches
• From face of connector bulkhead to transducer diaphragm: ~13.9 cm / ~5.5 inches

EXO2 Depth Sensor Reference Points (see diagram on previous page)

• From bottom of sensor guard (plastic or metal) to transducer diaphragm: ~21.4 cm / ~8.4 inches
• From face of sensor endcap to transducer diaphragm: ~13.9 cm / ~5.5 inches
• From face of connector bulkhead to transducer diaphragm: ~0.7 cm / ~0.3 inches
• Horizontally positioned sonde, from outer case (location pin down) to transducer diaphragm: ~2.1 cm / ~0.8 inches

Ambient Light Interference

When deploying horizontally, it is best to keep the sonde’s optical sensors out of direct sunlight. We suggest:
• Installing the sonde in a PVC pipe that has adequate openings for flow
• Aiming the sensors north in northern hemisphere or south in southern hemisphere
• Using a sun shield if the sonde is in the open

pg | 138
 7.3 Cables and Desiccants
Installation
Cables
Vented cables for EXO have a maximum length of 33 begin to change color first. As long as the desiccant
meters, so when connecting a sonde to a data logger, closest to the sonde is blue, no maintenance is
users should use a junction box to reach further required. Local conditions will dictate how long
distances. In the junction box, the EXO cable can the desiccant will last. In humid environments, the
connect to the desiccant, as well as another cable desiccant may need to be changed or regenerated
running to the data logger or DCP device. before it is completely exhausted to ensure that it lasts
• Avoid bending vented cables sharply to the entire deployment.
prevent the inner tube from kinking.
(Min. bend radius 20.3 cm/8 in.)
• EXO vented cables have a reduced length to
prevent tube damage from their own weight. Hose

• EXO vented cables do not have wet-mate

connectors—any water or humidity Mounting
entering the vent tube will cause damage brackets
to the pressure sensor that is not covered by
the warranty.
• EXO vented cables are not equipped with the
Fitting
barbed fitting for small desiccant cartridges.

Dessicants Installing YSI 6109 Desiccant Canister

A All EXO sondes with vented level require the • Remove the 1/8” NPT plugs from the stainless
use of a desiccant. Any damage to the sensor due steel fittings on the canister.
to the lack of desiccant use is not covered under
• Install the 1/8” NPT to 1/8” hose fittings into
warranty. the stainless steel fittings located on the side of
Two desiccant systems are available, a cartridge the desiccant canister. Do not over-tighten.
kit (YSI 6108) and a canister kit (YSI 6109). For • Place the plugs over the fittings on the canister
all EXO sondes we strongly recommend the 6109 until you are ready to use the canister.
canister kit. The 6109 desiccant canister contains a
larger amount of desiccant and is intended for long- • Using suitable screws fasten the canister
mounting brackets to an appropriate support
term deployments (can last up to 1 year in severe
structure. The spacing between the brackets
conditions). It also contains mounting brackets for
must accommodate the length of the canister.
mounting the canister to a nearby structure. The
The canister must be located within a few feet of
smaller 6108 kit requires replacement frequently in the cable end.
high humidity environments.
• Remove the plug from the top fitting of the
A A desiccant or a connector dummy plug must canister. Remove the plug from the barbed
always be attached to the sonde and cable to prevent fitting on the end of the cable. Using the tubing
moisture from entering into the vent tubes. provided in the kit, connect the canister to
the fitting on the end of the cable. Remember to
Users must also ensure that the desiccant always remove the remaining plug from the canister
remains active. Active desiccant is a blue color, and when ready to begin sampling. When putting
when it can absorb no more moisture, it is a pink the sonde into service, remove the plug to
color. The end that is vented to the atmosphere will ensure that the sensor in the sonde is vented to
the atmosphere.

pg | 139
 7.4 Calibration

NOTE: This calibration option is available only if your sonde is equipped with a vented level sensor.

For the calibration, make certain that the vented level sensor is in air and not immersed in any solution. Orient
the sonde in the same position as it will be deployed. Also, never calibrate a vented level depth sensor with a
non-vented cable.

In the desktop KOR Calibrate menu, select Port D-Depth, then select
Depth m from the second menu. In the Device Calibration menu, you
should see Depth Vented 0-10m as the device name. (In the handheld
KOR Calibrate menu, select Port D Dep V 0-10m, then select Depth m
from the next menu.)

Click 1 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter 0 or go to the

Advanced menu to enter a known sensor offset.
- If a depth offset is entered, the output value will shift by the value
of the offset. Users may use an offset if referencing a water elevation
against a known datum.
Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and
Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no
significant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept
this calibration point. This process zeros the depth sensor.
Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back
arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.
For best performance of vented level measurements, users should
ensure that the orientation of the sonde remains constant while taking
readings. Keep the sonde still and in one position while calibrating.

Advanced
Mounting: Use the Advanced menu to select if a sonde will be
mounted in a moving/profiling deployment instead of a
fixed location.
Depth Offset: Enter a positive or negative depth offset value if the
sonde has been surveyed into a geodetic reference.
Altitude/Latitude: Enter the coordinates for the local altitude (in
meters, relative to sea level) and latitude (in degrees) where the sonde
is sampling. Latitude values are used in the calculation of depth and
level to account for global variations in the gravitational field.
NOTE: You must be within 500 feet and 1 degree, respectively.

pg | 140
 7.5 Maintenance and Storage
Short -term Storage
A It is important that the air in a sonde’s vent tube remains dry at all times.

Level Sensor Storage

Users can store these sensors either dry or submerged in clean water.
However, regardless of storage method or length, ensure the vent tube
remains dry. Always attach the port plug to the cable connector, or
leave the cable installed with a cap over the desiccant’s vent.

Level Desiccant Maintenance

Active desiccant is blue; saturated desiccant is pink or rose red. When
the desiccant closest to the sonde begins to turn pink, you should
replace (YSI 6108), or regenerate (YSI 6109) the desiccant cartridge.

To regenerate desiccant, remove it from the cartridge and heat it for

one hour at 200°C (about 400°F); then cool it an airtight container
before refilling. Also heat the felt filters at 100°C (about 200°F) for 30
minutes. The desiccant will turn blue following a successful recharge.

Connectors Maintenance
Connectors on vented level cables have five pins and a vent pin. Periodically inspect the connectors for signs of
contamination. If you detect debris, carefully remove it. Prior to initial installation, or when dry, apply a light coat
of Krytox grease to the rubber mating surfaces of the connector (including the rubber portions of the pins).

Do not allow grease to enter or block the vent tube on the cable connector or the vent opening on
A the sonde connector.

When not in use, always install the sonde and cable dummy plugs.

Cable Storage
Users should leave the cable installed on the sonde to protect the connectors. If necessary users may remove it
from the sonde, but extra care should be taken to protect the connectors. For vented cables, ensure the storage
cap is affixed to the desiccant inlet. Store vented cables in a bag containing desiccant.

NOTE: Minimum bend radius for coiling cable is 8 inches.

pg | 141
 Health and Safety
8.1 Chemicals
NOTE: For additional health, safety, and disposal information about reagents, download the MSDS documents
for the chemical in question from the EXO manufacturers’ websites: www.ysi.com or www.wtw.de.

Ammonium Solutions
First Aid for all solutions 3841, 3842, and 3843
Move to fresh air. If Ingredients: Water, Ammonium Chloride, Lithium Acetate
breathing is difficult, Dihydrate, Sodium Azide, Hydrochloric Acid
give oxygen. If
Inhalation Nitrate Solutions
symptoms persist,
seek medical 3885, 3886, and 3887
attention. Ingredients: Water, Potassium Nitrate, Magnesium Sulfate
Remove Heptahydrate, Gentamycin Sulfate
contaminated
Inhalation:
clothing and wash.
Avoid breathing vapors or mists. Ensure adequate
Wash exposed
ventilation is available before handling.
Skin Contact area with soap and
water for at least 15 Skin:
minutes. If irritation Wear lightweight protective clothing, gloves, and apron.
persists, seek
medical attention. Eyes:
Rinse eyes Wear safety glasses with side-shields or face shield. Contact
immediately with lenses should not be worn when working with these
large amounts of solutions.
water, also under Ingestion:
Eye Contact eyelids, for at May be harmful if swallowed. Wear a mouth cover or face
least 15 minutes. shield when there is splashing. Keep away from food and
If irritation persists, drink.
seek medical
attention. First Aid: See box at left.
Wash out mouth
with water and Conductivity Solutions
then drink plenty of 3161, 3163, 3165, 3167, 3168, and 3169
Ingestion
water. If symptoms Ingredients: Water, Potassium Chloride
persist, seek medical
attention. Inhalation:
Avoid breathing vapors or mists. Inhalation of dust may
cause irritation of respiratory tissues. Ensure adequate
ventilation is available before handling.
Skin:
Exposure may cause irritation with repeated exposure. Wear lightweight protective clothing, gloves, boots,
and apron.

pg | 142
Eyes:
Can cause irritation and potential eye damage with repeated exposure. Wear safety glasses with side-
shields or face shield.

Ingestion:
May cause irritation of mouth, throat, and an upset stomach. Wear a mouth cover or face shield when
there is splashing. Keep away from food and drink. Do not swallow.

First Aid: See box on page 123.

pH 4.00, 7.00, 10.00 Buffer Solutions

3821, 3822, and 3823
pH 4 Ingredients: Water, Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate, Red food coloring

pH 7 Ingredients: Water, Potassium Phosphate Monobasic, Sodium Hydroxide, Yellow food coloring

pH 10 Ingredients: Water, Potassium Hydroxide, Disodium EDTA dihydrate, Potassium Borate, Potassium
Carbonate, Bromphenol Blue Sodium Salt, Bromphenol Green Sodium Salt

Inhalation:
Avoid breathing vapors or mists. Inhalation of dust may cause irritation of respiratory tissues. Ensure
adequate ventilation is available before handling.

Skin:
Exposure may cause irritation with repeated exposure. Wear rubber or neoprene gloves.

Eyes:
Can cause irritation and potential eye damage with repeated exposure. Wear safety glasses with side-
shields or face shield. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with these solutions.

Ingestion:
May cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Wear a mouth cover or face shield when there is splashing. Do
not swallow. Do not induce vomiting.

First Aid: See box on page 123.

Zobell Solution
3682
Ingredients: Potassium Chloride, Potassium Ferrocyanide Trihydrate, Potassium Ferricyanide

Inhalation:
Inhalation of dust may cause irritation of respiratory tissues. Ensure adequate ventilation is available
before handling.

Skin:
Exposure may cause irritation. Wear lightweight protective clothing, gloves, boots, and apron.

Eyes:
May cause irritation. Wear safety glasses with side-shields or face shield.
 Ingestion:
May cause an upset stomach. Wear a mouth cover or face shield when there is splashing. Keep away from
food and drink. Do not swallow. If large amount is ingested and person is conscious, induce vomiting.
First Aid: See box on page 123.

Turbidity Standard
6073
Ingredients: Water, Styrene divinyl Benzene copolymer beads

The material is not volatile and has no known ill effects on skin, eyes, inhalation or ingestion. Therefore,
no special precautions are required when using the standards. However, general precautions should be
adopted as required with all materials to minimize unnecessary contact.

First Aid: See box on page 123.

Ultraviolet Light
The fDOM sensor radiates ultraviolet light (UV light) which can be harmful to the eyes even during brief
periods of exposure. Do not look into the light at the tip of the probe and wear protective eyewear when
handling UV LEDs.

Lithium-Ion Battery Handling

Failure to exercise care when handling this product and to comply with the following conditions
and guidelines could result in product malfunction, excessive heat, fire, property damage, and
ultimately injury.

• DO NOT alter, puncture, or impact battery or related components.

• DO NOT directly connect the terminals with metal objects.
• DO NOT expose the battery to extreme temperatures or direct extended exposure to sunlight.
• Always disconnect batteries when not in use and for long term storage.
• Store batteries in a non-conductive and fireproof container.
• For best results, store the battery at approximately 50% of the capacity.

If at any time the battery becomes damaged, hot, or begins to balloon or swell, discontinue charging
(or discharging) immediately. Quickly and safely disconnect the charger. Then place the battery and/or
charger in a safe, open area way from flammable materials. After one hour of observation, remove the
battery from service. DO NOT continue to handle, attempt to use, or ship the battery. Failure to follow
these procedures can cause damage to the battery, personal property or cause serious injury.

Damaged or swollen batteries can be unstable and very hot. DO NOT touch batteries until they have
A cooled. In the event of a fire use a Class A, B, or C fire extinguisher. DO NOT use water.

If the internal battery fluid comes into contact with your skin, wash the affected area(s) with soap and
water immediately. If it comes into contact with your eye(s), flush them with generous amounts of water
for 15 minutes and seek immediate medical attention.

pg | 144
 Radio Frequency
6.1
8.2
Xylem certifies that the EXO product line has been tested and complies with the following radio frequency
(RF) interference standards and are approved for use in the following countries:

• United States: FCC Part 15 compliant

• Canada: RSS compliant
• European Union (EU): CE compliant
• Australia: CISPR 11 compliant
• New Zealand: CISPR 11 compliant
• Republic of Korea: Radio Waves Act compliant
• People’s Republic of China: Radio regulations compliant
• Japan: TELEC Radio Law compliant
• Brazil: Anatel certification compliant

Reference the Declaration of Conformity in the next section for further details.

Bluetooth wireless technology and similar approvals and regulations can be country-specific. Check local
laws and regulations to insure that the use of wireless products purchased from Xylem or its subsidiaries are
in full compliance.

pg | 145
 Declarations of Conformity
8.3
The undersigned hereby declares that the products listed below conform with all applicable requirements of
FCC Part 15 for the U.S. and Industry Canada (IC) ICES-003 for Canada, for intentional radiators.

Manufacturer: YSI Incorporated, a Xylem brand

1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA

Equipment name: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) and EXO Handheld Systems

Model numbers: 599501-xx, 599511-xx, 599502-xx, 599512-xx, 599150

Intentional Radiators: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) contain the LMX Bluetooth module: FCC ID
ED9LMX9838; IC 1520A-LMX9838. Nemko certified body ID #CE 2302.
EXO Handheld (599150) contains a Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module: FCC ID U9R-
W2CBW003; IC 7089A-W2CBW003. Nemko certified body ID #CE 2302.

Regulations: • FCC 47 CFR Part 15-2011, Radio Frequency Devices.

• IC ICES-003-2004, Digital Apparatus.

Lisa M. Abel, Director, Quality

June 7, 2012

pg | 146
The undersigned hereby declares that the products listed below conform with all applicable Essential
Requirements of the listed Directives and Standards and carry the CE mark accordingly.

Manufacturer: YSI Incorporated, a Xylem brand

1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA
Equipment name: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) and EXO Handheld Systems
Model numbers: 599501-xx, 599511-xx, 599502-xx, 599512-xx, 599150
Accessories/Sensors: 599090-xx, 599100-xx, 599101-xx, 599102-xx, 599104-xx, 599118-xx, 599800,
599810, 599870-xx, 599040-xx, 599008-xx, EXOISE0x
Intentional Radiators: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) contain the LMX Bluetooth module. EXO Hand-
held (599150) contains a Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module. Nemko certified body ID#
CE 2302.
Directives:
• EMC 2004/108/EC
• R&TTE 1999/5/EC
• ROHS
• WEEE
Harmonized Standards:
• EN61326-1:2006, Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use – EMC require-
ments – Part 1: General Requirements.
• EN61326-2-3:2006, Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – EMC require-
ments – Part 2-3: Particular Requirements – Test configuration, operational conditions, and performance
criteria for transducers with integrated or remote signal conditioning.
• EN61000-3-2:2006+A1:2009+A2:2009, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits
for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current <16A per phase).
• EN61000-3-3:2008, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-3: Limits – Limitation of voltage
changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated
current < 16A per phase and not subject to conditional connection.
• EN 300 328, V1.7.1, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wideband
transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using wide
band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the
R&TTE Directive.
• EN 301 489-1, V1.8.1, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements.
• EN 301 489-17, V2.1.1, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electromag-
netic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment; Part 17: Specific conditions for Broadband Data
Transmission Systems.
• EN 60950-1: Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements.

Lisa M. Abel, Director, Quality

June 7, 2012

pg | 147
The undersigned hereby declares that the products listed below conform with the Australian and New
Zealand Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements for generic products to be used in residential,
commercial, and light industrial environments, and carry the C-Tick mark accordingly.

Manufacturer: YSI Incorporated, a Xylem brand

1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA

Equipment name: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) and EXO Handheld Systems
Model numbers: 599501-xx, 599511-xx, 599502-xx, 599512-xx, 599150

Accessories/Sensors: 599090-xx, 599100-xx, 599101-xx, 599102-xx, 599104-xx, 599118-xx, 599800,

599810, 599870-xx, 599040-xx, 599008-xx, EXOISE0x

Intentional Radiators: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) contain the LMX Bluetooth module. Nemko
certified body ID #CE 2302. C-Tick number N136.
EXO Handheld (599150) contains a Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module. Nemko certified
body ID #CE 2302. C-Tick number N136.

Directives:
• EMC 2004/108/EC
• Australian ACMA Standards for C-Tick mark, Section 182 of the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
• New Zealand RSM Standards, Radiocommunications Act 1992.
• Telecommunications Labeling, Notice 2001 under section 407 of the Australian Telecommunications
Act 1997.

Standards:
• EN61326-1:2006, Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –
EMC requirements – Part 1: General Requirements.
• ACMA Radio Communications (Short Range Devices), 2004.
• AS/NZ 4268, 2008.
• Radio Communications (Electromagnetic Radiation - Human Exposure) Standard, March 2003.

Lisa M. Abel, Director, Quality

June 7, 2012

pg | 148
The undersigned hereby declares that the products listed below conform with all applicable requirements
of the Radio Waves Act of Korea, for intentional radiators.
Manufacturer: YSI Incorporated, a Xylem brand
1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA
Equipment name: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) and EXO Handheld Systems
Model numbers: 599501-xx, 599511-xx, 599502-xx, 599512-xx, 599150
Intentional Radiators: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) contain the LMX Bluetooth module.
Broadcasting and certification number KCC-CRM-XYL-EXOSonde1 (for EXO1)
and KCC-CRM-XYL-EXOSonde2 (for EXO2).
EXO Handheld (599150) contains a Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module. Broadcasting and
certification number KCC-CRM-XYL-EXOHANDHELD (for EXO Handheld).
Type Identification: LARN8-IO2Y2402/2480TR0.000003F1D79 (EXO1)
LARN8-IO2Y2402/2480TR0.00001F1D79 (EXO2)
LARN8-IO2Y2402/2480TR0.00003F1DG1D79 (EXO Handheld)
Regulation: Radio Waves Act of the Republic of Korea.
A급 기기 (업무용 방송통신 기자재)
이 기기는 업무용 ( A급) 전자파 적합기기로서
판매자 또는 사용자는 이 점을 주의하시기 바라
며, 가정 외의 지역에서 사용하는 것을 목적으 로 합니다.
Class A device (Broadcasting and communication equipment for office work).
Seller and user shall be noticed that this equipment is suitable for electromagnetic equipment for office
work (Class A) and it can be used outside the home.

KCC notice 2012-12. Radio device using 2400-2483.5 MHz and 5725-5825 MHz.
해당 무선설비는 전파혼신
가능성이 있으므로 인명안전과
관련된 서비스는 할 수 없음.
Service related to human safety is not allowed because this device may have the possibility of the radio
interference.

Lisa M. Abel, Director, Quality

December 13, 2012

pg | 149
The undersigned hereby declares that the products listed below conform with all applicable requirements
of the Radio Regulations of China, for intentional radiators.

Manufacturer: YSI Incorporated, a Xylem brand

1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA

Equipment name: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) and EXO Handheld Systems
Model numbers: 599501-xx, 599511-xx, 599502-xx, 599512-xx, 599150

Intentional Radiators: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) contain the LMX Bluetooth module.
EXO Handheld (599150) contains a Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module.

CMIIT ID: CMIIT ID: 2012DJ7503 (EXO1)

CMIIT ID: 2012DJ7504 (EXO2)
CMIIT ID: 2012DJ7505 (EXO Handheld)

Regulation: Radio Regulations of the People’s Republic of China.

A级设备（办公用广播和通讯设备）
销售商和使用者应注意本设备适用于办公条件下的电磁环境（A级）并可以在室外使用。
Class A device (Broadcasting and communication equipment for office work).
Seller and user shall be noticed that this equipment is suitable for electromagnetic equipment for office
work (Class A) and it can be used outside the home.

Lisa M. Abel, Director, Quality

December 13, 2012

pg | 150
The undersigned hereby declares that the products listed below conform with all applicable requirements of
TELEC and Radio Law of Japan for intentional radiators.

Manufacturer: YSI Incorporated, a Xylem brand

1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA

Equipment name: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) and EXO Handheld Systems

Model numbers: 599501-xx, 599511-xx, 599502-xx, 599512-xx, 599150

Intentional Radiators: Intentional radiators: EXO Sondes (Exo1 and Exo2) contain the LMX Bluetooth
module. Exo1 TELEC certificate number 001-A00577. Exo2 TELEC certificate
number 001-A00578. EXO Handheld contains a Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module;
certificate number 001-A00579.

Regulations: TELEC; Article 38-24 Paragraph 1 of the Radio Law.

Lisa M. Abel, Director, Quality

June 7, 2012

pg | 151
The undersigned hereby declares that the products listed below conform with all applicable requirements of
the Anatel Regulations of Brazil for intentional radiators.

Manufacturer: YSI Incorporated, a Xylem brand

1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA

Equipment name: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) and EXO Handheld Systems

Model numbers: 599501-xx, 599511-xx, 599502-xx, 599512-xx, 599150

Intentional Radiators: Intentional Radiators: EXO Sondes (EXO1 and EXO2) contain the LMX
Bluetooth module: Certificate of Homologation No. 0657-13-8838; Certificate of
Conformity No. 07473/13. EXO Handheld (599150) contains a Wi-Fi/Bluetooth
module: Certificate of Homologation No. 1281-13-8838; Certificate of
Conformity No. 07769/13.

Regulations: Anatel; Transceptor de Radiacao Restrita - Categoria II

Lisa M. Abel, Director, Quality

June 7, 2012

pg | 152
 Instrument Warranty
6.1
8.4
Warranted against defects in workmanship and materials
Warranty Card when used for their intended purposes and maintained
according to instructions and exclusive of batteries and any
damage caused by defective batteries.
Register your product with the
Two years: cables; sondes (bulkheads); handheld; conductivity,
online warranty card:
temperature, depth, and optical sensors; electronics base for
www.EXOwater.com/warranty pH, pH/ORP, ammonium, chloride, and nitrate sensors; and
accessories.
One year: optical DO membranes and replaceable reagent
modules for pH and pH/ORP.
Three months: replaceable reagent modules for ammonium,
chloride, and nitrate.
Regular maintenance of sondes and sensors, such as replacing damaged o-rings, is described in the
Maintenance section of this manual. Users are expected to follow these guidelines to keep their equipment
in good and proper working order and to protect the warranty on the product. Damage due to accidents,
misuse, tampering, or failure to perform prescribed maintenance is not covered.
This warranty does not include batteries or damage resulting from defective batteries. As documented in
the Maintenance section of this manual, batteries should be removed from all sondes and handheld when
the product is not in use. Since many battery manufacturers will repair or replace any equipment that has
been damaged by their batteries, it is essential that leaky or defective batteries be retained with the damaged
product until the manufacturer has evaluated the claim.
The warranty period for chemicals and reagents is determined by the expiration date printed on their labels.
Within the warranty period, we will repair or replace, at our sole discretion, free of charge, any product that
we determine to be covered by this warranty.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local representative, or contact Technical Support. Send the
product and proof of purchase, transportation prepaid, to the Authorized Service Center selected by the
manufacturer. Repair or replacement will be made and the product returned transportation prepaid. Repaired
or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days from
date of repair or replacement.

Limitation of Warranty
This Warranty does not apply to any EXO product damage or failure caused by (i) failure to install, operate
or use the product in accordance with the written instructions, (ii) abuse or misuse of the product, (iii)
failure to maintain the product in accordance with the written instructions or standard industry procedure,
(iv) any improper repairs to the product, (v) use by you of defective or improper components or parts in
servicing or repairing the product, or (vi) modification of the product in any way not expressly authorized
by the manufacturer.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. YSI’s LIABILITY UNDER
THIS WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT, AND THIS SHALL BE YOUR
SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY. IN NO
EVENT SHALL YSI BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY.

pg | 153
 Instrument Service
8.5 Cleaning and Packing
EXO Authorized Service Centers are located in the United States and around the world. Please refer to the
EXO website (EXOwater.com) for your nearest Authorized Service Center.

Cleaning Instructions
Product Return Form Before they can be serviced, equipment exposed to biological,
radioactive, or toxic materials must be cleaned and disinfected.
Biological contamination is presumed for any instrument,
Find the product return form online: probe, or other device that has been used with body fluids
www.EXOwater.com/return or tissues, or with wastewater. Radioactive contamination is
presumed for any instrument, probe or other device that has
been used near any radioactive source.
Cleaning Certificate If an instrument, probe, or other part is returned or presented
Find the cleaning certificate on the for service without a Cleaning Certificate, and if in our opinion
back of the online product return it represents a potential biological or radioactive hazard, our
form: service personnel reserve the right to withhold service until
www.EXOwater.com/return appropriate cleaning, decontamination, and certification has
been completed. We will contact the sender for instructions
as to the disposition of the equipment. Disposition costs will
be the responsibility of the sender.

When service is required, either at the user’s facility or at the manufacturer, the following steps must be taken
to insure the safety of our service personnel.
• In a manner appropriate to each device, decontaminate all exposed surfaces, including any containers. 70%
isopropyl alcohol or a solution of 1/4 cup bleach to 1 gallon tap water are suitable for most disinfecting.
Instruments used with wastewater may be disinfected with .5% Lysol® if this is more convenient to
the user.
• The user shall take normal precautions to prevent radioactive contamination and must use appropriate
decontamination procedures should exposure occur.
• If exposure has occurred, the customer must certify that decontamination has been accomplished and
that no radioactivity is detectable by survey equipment.
• Cleaning must be completed and certified on any product before returning.

Packing Instructions
• Clean and decontaminate items to insure the safety of the handler.
• Complete and include the Product Return Form, found online.
• Place the product in a plastic bag to keep out dirt and packing material.
• Use a large carton, preferably the original, and surround the product completely with packing material.

pg | 154
 Instrument Service
6.1 Recycling
8.6

Batteries
The user must remove and dispose of alkaline batteries when they no longer power the EXO1 sonde, EXO2
sonde, or EXO Handheld. Disposal requirements vary by country and region, and users are expected to
understand and follow the battery disposal requirements for their specific locale.

The circuit board in these instruments may contain a manganese dioxide lithium “coin cell” battery that
must be in place for continuity of power to memory devices on the board. This battery is not user serviceable
or replaceable. When appropriate, an authorized service center will remove this battery and properly dispose
of it, per service and repair policies.

Rechargeable Li-Battery Pack

(1)When the battery is worn out, insulate the terminals with adhesive tape or similar materials
before disposal.
(2)Dispose of batteries in the manner required by your city, county, state or country. For details on
recycling lithium-ion batteries, please contact a government recycling agency, your waste-disposal
service, or visit reputable online recycling sources such as www.batteryrecycling.com.

This product must not be disposed of with other waste. Instead, it is the user’s responsibility to dispose
of their waste equipment by handing it over to a designated collection point for the recycling of waste
electrical and electronic equipment. The separate collection and recycling of your waste equipment at
the time of disposal will help to conserve natural resources and ensure that it is recycled in a manner
that protects human health and the environment.

For more information about where you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please contact
your local city office, or your household waste disposal service. DO NOT ship batteries to YSI.

Manufacturer
We are committed to reducing the environmental footprint of our products. While materials reduction is
the ultimate goal, we also make a concerted effort to responsibly deal with materials after a long, productive
life-cycle. Our recycling program ensures that old equipment is processed in an environmentally responsible
way, reducing the amount of materials going to landfills.
• Printed circuit boards are sent to facilities that process and reclaim as much material for recycling
as possible.
• Plastics enter a material recycling process and are not incinerated or sent to landfills.
• Batteries are removed and sent to battery recyclers for dedicated metals.

pg | 155
YSI Incorporated
1700/1725 Brannum Lane
Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387 USA

Tel. 800.765.4974 (U.S.)

+1 937.767.7241
Fax +1 937.767.9353

[email protected]
www.EXOwater.com

Wissenschaftlich-Technische Werkstatten GmbH

D-82362 Weilheim Dr.-Karl-Slevogt-Strasse 1
Germany

Tel. 0881/183-0

[email protected]
www.EXOwater.com

EXO is a trademark of Xylem Inc. or one of its subsidiaries. Item# 603789 REF
Bluetooth is a trademark of Bluetooth SIG Inc. Drawing # A603789
Xenoy is a trademark of SABIC Plastics Revision D
© 2014 Xylem, Inc. Date April 2014