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3 Screw - Threaded Fastners

The document discusses threaded fasteners including screws, bolts, nuts and washers. It covers their advantages of being reliable, convenient for assembly and disassembly, and able to be used in various operating conditions. It also discusses disadvantages like stress concentrations and materials used for screws and bolts like steel, stainless steel and plastics.

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Hemanth Parisa
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33 views

3 Screw - Threaded Fastners

The document discusses threaded fasteners including screws, bolts, nuts and washers. It covers their advantages of being reliable, convenient for assembly and disassembly, and able to be used in various operating conditions. It also discusses disadvantages like stress concentrations and materials used for screws and bolts like steel, stainless steel and plastics.

Uploaded by

Hemanth Parisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCREW/THREADED FASTNERS

Formed by cutting a continuous helical groove on a cylindrical surface.

Widely used where the machine parts are required to readily connected an
disconnected without damage to the machine or the fasteners.

Screwed fasteners:
1. Bolt
2. Nut
3. Washer/locking mechanism
Advantages:
1. Highly reliable
2. Convenient to assemble & disassemble.
3. Wide range of screwed joints may be adopted to various operating
conditions.
4. Cheap to produce due to standardization and highly efficient manufacturing
processes.

Disadvantages:
1. Stress concentrations in the threaded portions.

Note: Strength of screwed joints not to be compared with that of riveted or


welded joints.
Material:
Screws and bolts are made from a wide range of materials, with steel being
perhaps the most common, in many varieties. Where great resistance to weather or
corrosion is required, stainless steel, titanium, brass (steel screws can discolor oak
and other woods), bronze, monel or silicon bronze may be used, or a coating such
as brass, zinc or chromium applied. Electrolytic action from dissimilar metals can be
prevented with aluminium screws for double-glazing tracks, for example. Some
types of plastic, such as nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), can be threaded
and used for fastening requiring moderate strength and great resistance to
corrosion or for the purpose of electrical insulation
Forms of Screw Threads:
The disadvantages of the Acme thread form are the much lower efficiency 
and the greater radial load on the nut, due to the thread angle
What are the benefits of fine threaded fasteners over coarse threaded
fasteners?
The potential benefits of fine threads are:
1. Fine thread is stronger than a coarse thread . This is both in tension (because of
the larger stress area) and shear (because of their larger minor diameter).
2. Fine threads have also less tendency to loosen since the thread incline is
smaller and hence so is the off torque.
3. Because of the smaller pitch they allow finer adjustments in applications that
need such a feature.
4. Fine threads can be more easily tapped into hard materials and thin walled
tubes.
5. Fine threads require less torque to develop equivalent bolt preloads.

On the negative side:


1. Fine threads are more susceptible to galling than coarse threads.
2. They need longer thread engagements and are more prone to damage and
thread fouling.
3. They are also less suitable for high speed assembly since they are more likely to
seize when being tightened.

Normally a coarse thread is specified unless there is an over-riding reason to


specify a fine thread, certainly for metric fasteners, fine threads are more difficult to
obtain.
•We have a problem when tightening stainless steel bolts.
•They tend to seize.
• Whats happening?

Stainless steel can unpredictably sustain galling (cold


welding). Stainless steel self-generates an oxide surface film
for corrosion protection. During fastener tightening, as
pressure builds between the contacting and sliding, thread
surfaces, protective oxides are broken, possibly wiped off,
and interface metal high points shear or lock together. This
cumulative clogging-shearing-locking action causes
increasing adhesion. In the extreme, galling leads to seizing -
the actual freezing together of the threads. If tightening is
continued, the fastener can be twisted off or its threads ripped
out.
Common types of Screw Fastenings:
Locking Devices:

Ordinary thread fastenings remain tight under static loads, but many of these
fastenings become loose under the action of variable loads.

This is dangerous

Q: What is the solution?


Ans: Locking Devices
Design of an Eye Bolt:
Bolts of Uniform Strength:
Design of Nut:

1. When the bolt and the nut is made of mild steel, the effective height of the nut
is made equal to the nominal diameter of the bolt.
2. If the nut is made of a weaker material than the bolt, then the height of nut
should be larger, such as
1.5 d - for gun metal
2 d - C.I.
2.5 d - aluminium alloys where d - nominal diameter of the bolt

Bolted Joints under Eccentric Loading:


1. Parallel to the axis of the bolts.

2. Perpendicular to the axis of the bolts.

3. In the plane containing the bolts.


Eccentric Load Acting Parallel to the Axis of Bolts:
Eccentric Load Acting Perpendicular to the Axis of Bolts:
Eccentric Load Acting in the plane Containing the Bolts:

Same procedure to be followed as discussed for eccentric loaded riveted joint.


What is bolt preload and why is it important?

Preload is the tension created in a fastener when it is tightened. This tensile force
in the bolt creates a compressive force in the bolted joint known as clamp
force. For practical purposes, the clamp force in an unloaded bolted joint is
assumed to be equal and opposite of the preload. If proper preload, and thus
clamp force, is not developed or maintained, the likelihood of a variety of
problems such as fatigue failure, joint separation, and self‐loosening from
vibration can plague the bolted joint leading to joint failure.

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