PART 1: Global Cities

(All): Welcome to Global Cities!

(Intro Dance Number)

I. ABSTRACT:

Patrick:It is the power of Global cities that ties tour imagination.Think

about how many Arts, Music and Films have been written about New York,
Tokyo, and London. The dashing neon lights, the buzzing traffic in
metropolises, the forests of sky scrapers and transit lines.Undoubtly as
metaphor Global Cities are an empire state of mind, a concrete jungle,
where people dreams are made of.

Nowadays globalization occurs in a rapid phenomenon, where a mass of

people work and live in cities. They serve as the engines of globalization.
This current trend emphasize that, globalization is dimensional as it
continuously occurs in physical spaces. We can witness globalization in
taking its place, when foreign investments and capital move through a city,
when companies build skyscrapers, and when millions of our fellow
Filipinos slowly starts migrate and work abroad. As all of these events
happen, we can imply that a global city gives opportunities to everyone in
making way towards change and developments.

II. Defining the Global City

Arion: So what are the things that makes a city “global”? Defining a
global city can thus be difficult. One way of solving this dilemma is to go
beyond the simple difference of a global and a non-global.Hereby we
should focus upon instead about the question: In what ways are cities
global and to what extent they are global?
For a city to achieve the title of being global, it must have values and
ideas that will have an impact of the rest of the world. “To call a global city
it subjectively means to have power, sophistication, wealth, and influence.

Sociologist *Saskia Sassen popularized the term “global city” and as she
may define it as: advanced urban areas, taking role as central command in
assimilating the overall systematic operation of global finance, politics and
trade.

From her definition, we can implicitly suggest that global cities plays an
important character by bringing inputs and the essential acts of
reformation that inevitably brings shape and mold the future of our post
modern societies.

III. Indicators for Globality

Cam: So what are the multiple attributes of a global city? To answer this,
we simply have to imply our basis from the recent Global Cities Index.
The Global Cities Index provides a comprehensive ranking of the
leading global cities from the world. It is designed to track the
way cities maneuver as their populations grow and how some of them
continues to shrink.

Specifically, the Global Cities Index ranks cities according to attribute

metrics across five dimensions

• The first dimension is business activity: Global cities has power

and influence over the global economy, with its numerous
headquarters of global corporations, services firms, capital markets,
and international conferences. They also sustains highest annual
value of GDP growth from its total foreign investments and exports.
• The second dimension was human capital, this summarizes how
well does the city acts as a magnet for diverse groups of people and
talent. This includes the size of a city’s size of foreign born
population, quality of universities, number of international schools,
and the percentage of residents with university degrees.

• The third dimension is information exchange it comprises - how

well media and information is dispersed about and to the rest of the
world. Global cities tends to have competencies when it comes to
fhe number of international news bureaus, the amount of
international news in the leading local papers, and the number of
broadband subscribers round out that dimension.

• The fourth is cultural experience, or the level of diverse attractions

for international residents and travelers. This includes everything
from number of sporting event, museums, performing arts venues,
culinary establishments, international visitors, and sister city
relationships.

• The final dimension is political engagement—measures the

degree to which a city influences global policymaking and
dialogue. This is canbe be observed by examining the number of
embassies, consulates, major think tanks, international
organizations, sister city relationships, and international political
conferences a city hosts.

Considerably from this graph, we see the following cities that

lead among the metrics of recent 2019 Global Index. The leading
global cities for each of the five dimensions of Global Index are
consistent with the results.Starting from New York City by being
the strongest in business activity and human capital, Paris leading
 with information exchange, London offering the greatest cultural
experience and Washington, D.C. leading in political engagement.

IV. Challenges in Global Cities

Ethan: Global cities conjure up images of fast-paced, exciting

cosmopolitan lifestyles. But such descriptions are lacking. Global cities
also have their undersides. They can be sites of great inequality and
poverty as well as tremendous violence.

• Not all cities, however are as dense with extensive public

transportation systems as New York or Tokyo, Some cities like
Manila, Bangkok and Mumbai, have lesser developments when it
comes to this stage and have their governments incapability to
regulate car industries makes its environment to be very polluted
with massive amounts of carbon emissions.

• The major terror attacks of recent years have also targeted cities,
specially those with expansive economic influence, are obvious
targets for terrorists .Only by looking from this perspective we will be
able to understand the 9/11 attacks that brought down the twin
towers of the World Trade Center in New York.

• We have consistently noted that economic globalization has

paved way for massive inequality. In the outskirts of New York are
poor urban enclaves occupied by African-Americans who are often
denied opportunities at a better life. As a city attracts more capital
and richer residents are forced to relocate to far away but cheaper
areas. This phenomenon of driving out the poor from wealthier
residents is called gentrification.

V. How Global cities serves as engine of Globalization

Leo: More importantly for our concluding part, we now analyze how does
global cities serves as engines of globalization. First, global cities drive the
global economy. They are economic powerhouses with head offices,
business services, legal and consulting expertise, exchanges, banks, and
global corporations. Second, they drive connectivity.
Major airports and solid transit infrastructure make global cities accessible
that helps attract tourists and which may in turn promote local
communities, and business opportunities.
Thirdly, global cities unlock knowledge through top educational institutions,
consulates, think tanksand international conferences, which in turn, drives
political engagement.
The fourth reason, is that global cities are cultural capitals. Museums,
symphonies, world renowned restaurants, nightlife and sports. Everyone
can find their fix in a global city.
Number five, global cities are led by people who think globally and
understand the importance of connecting local politics to world politics.
Sometimes mayors solve problems that national leaders can't. And Finally,
global cities are open it makes businesses, ideas, and people to flow
freely.
So there you have it. Hopefully, you now have a better understanding of
what global cities are and how they are poised to shape our world
and our future. Thanks for listening

Part 2: Global Demography

(All): Welcome to Global Legends!
Toni: Here at the Global Legends, we are inviting everyone to join our
squad helping us to have a better grasp and understanding towards
the few issues and relevant factors that constantly affects and
navigates different global societies in taking part with globalization.
Seemingly at previous discussions, we have simply accomplish various
notions in regards with the issues of globalization and as of now we
are going to take a look at a broader perspective and evidences how
does this issues emerge in our present status, we are digging
 deeper inside between histories and sciences that’s taking behind
the arguments..
Leo: And now let’s execute our discussion with demography:
Demography* is the branch of social sciences concerned with the
statistical study of human populations in terms of size, location, age,
gender, occupation, and race.
Demography gives us quantifiable characteristics and metrics of a given
population. Demography can be totally implied as tools to
understand the factors of global population as it could severely affect
our generation’s overall well-being

Donan: Now in the field of demography we have the so called

*Demographic transition Theory, in this theory it basically
encompasses the generalized description of the changing pattern of
mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one
demographic stage to another. This theory was developed in 1929
by the American demographer Warren Thompson.
The demographic transition model represents the interaction between three
variables over time, namely we have birth rate, death rate and rate of
natural increase. Birth rate signifies the number of total births per a
thousand of population, and death signifies the number of death per thousand
at vice versa, and now as we subtract the birth rate from death rate we arrive
at the rate of natural increase.

Raven: Moving on, we take a look at the demographic transition theory.

The DTM splits societies into four stages.Starting from Pre-
Industrial stage. During this stage, the population is stable, with
both high birth rates and high death rates. The death rates are high
due to increasing spread of diseases, famine, minimal medical
knowledge and poor sanitation. As a result of the high death rate,
people tend to produce more offspring to try to compensate for the
mortality. Although the birth rate and death rate can rose slightly,
overall, they compensate each, which results in zero natural
increase.
Following the pre-industrial stage we have, Transitional stage. During
this stage, the human population begins to increase due to high birth
rates and declining death rates. The death rates are decreasing
because, as the country transitions into an industrial country, there
are improvements in the economy and social conditions. These
changes lead to the control of diseases, the production of more food,
better jobs, and improved medical care and sanitation.
Mike: Now at stage three we have Industrial stage, which is
characterized by an increasing population with declining birth rates
and death rates. The birth rates remain stable and low due to
various fertility factors such as access to contraception, increases in
wages, urbanization, a reduction in subsistence agriculture, and an
increase in the status of educating women.
Finally when a country reaches the highest point of development we
arrive at Post Industrial, it is characterized by stable human
population, with both low birth rates and low death rates.. The
decline in both birth and death rates have been attributed due to
strong economies, highly educated citizens, ample healthcare
systems, the migration of people from rural communities to cities,
and expanded employment opportunities for women. As these
factors play out, the total fertility rate decreases until it reaches
replacement level of 2.1 births per woman and many developed
countries meet this description such as Japan, Germany, Italy and
Netherlands.
Donnan: Another useful tool for predicting population trends is by the
means of Population Pyramids A population pyramid is a graphical
representation that shows the distribution of various age groups and
gender in a population. Here, the data is divided by gender, with
females on one side and males on the other. The population
numbers are shown for each five-year age interval, starting from 0-4
and continuing up to 100 and up. These intervals are grouped
together into pre-reproductive (0-14), reproductive (15-44) and
post-reproductive years (45 and up). Such a population pyramid
can be a powerful predictor of future population trends.
 For example, Rwanda's population pyramid shows it to be a fast-growing
country, with most of the population being in the youngest age
groups at the bottom of the pyramid. The number will grow rapidly in
the coming years. As today's children reach their reproductive years
and have children of their own. For our second example let's look at
Canada, where most of the population is clustered around the
middle of the graph. Because there are less people in the pre-
reproductive age groups than there are in the reproductive ones, the
population will grow more slowly, as the number of people reaching
their reproductive years decreases. Finally, let's look at Japan
Because the majority of its population is in its post-reproductive
years and the number of people is smaller at each younger interval,
this means that at current rates of reproduction the population will
begin to decline as fewer and fewer people reach reproductive age.
Comparing these three population pyramids side by side shows us
three different stages in a demographic transition, as a country
moves from a pre-industrial society to one with an industrial or post-
industrial economy.

Pau: Now as bottom line, we assess Demography as a figurative method

to identify the factors that contributes to changes to our global
population . By the means Demographic Transition Theory we
identify that as soon as a country starts to be developed and
become urbanized we could imply an effect of decline in a natural
growth of population. Seemingly as for Population Pyramids it
focuses more towards gender and age distribution of countries
correspondingly comparing it to different countries as it matches
with the different demographic transition stage.

Leo & Camille: Now that all things has been discussed, let’s have a recap!

Leo: Now at the first part of presentation we learned that. . .

Leo & Camille: And that is all for today! Thank you for having time with us, and
now lets take a minute break in order to prepare for the quiz.