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Speech Function Politeness and Cross Cul

1. The document discusses speech functions, politeness, and cross-cultural communication. It outlines six main speech functions: expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, poetic, and phatic. 2. Directives aim to get people to do things and can take the form of imperatives, interrogatives, or declaratives. Factors like social distance, status, and context influence directive use. 3. Politeness varies across cultures and involves both positive and negative politeness. Examples show differences in address forms and requests across situations.

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WALDO RUIZ LOPEZ
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190 views7 pages

Speech Function Politeness and Cross Cul

1. The document discusses speech functions, politeness, and cross-cultural communication. It outlines six main speech functions: expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, poetic, and phatic. 2. Directives aim to get people to do things and can take the form of imperatives, interrogatives, or declaratives. Factors like social distance, status, and context influence directive use. 3. Politeness varies across cultures and involves both positive and negative politeness. Examples show differences in address forms and requests across situations.

Uploaded by

WALDO RUIZ LOPEZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Speech function, politeness and cross cultural communication

1. 1. Speech Function,Politeness And Cross-cultural Communication Language in Society


2. 2. Group 9 ..FiraNursya’bani Luciyana0906856 Dwiningrum 0902428 Meyza Pritama
Riestia 0902467 Handayani 0902434
3. 3. Politeness The andFunction of Speech Address Forms Linguistic Politeness in
Different Cultures
4. 4. The Function of Speech • Affective (or Social) function • Referential (or informative)
function Example: Fred : “Good morning, James. What a lovely day.” James : “Yes, it’s
beautiful. So, How’s your weekend?” Fred : “It’s very great!”
5. 5. The Function of Speech• Expressive utterances: express the speaker’s feeling•
Directive utterances: attempt to get someone to do something• Referential utterances:
provide information• Metalinguistic utterances: comment on language itself• Poetic
utterances: focus on aesthetic features of language• Phatic utterances: express solidarity
and empathy with others
6. 6. Examples… • Expressive utterances – I’m happy today. – I am afraid. • Directive
utterances – Wash the clothes. – Could you close the door? • Referential utterances – The
second presenter will be Mrs. Hanna. – Make up speaking class will be held on Monday
at 1 pm.
7. 7. Examples… • Metalinguistic utterances – ‘Hegemony’ is not a common word – ‘Nat’
has to be added by affixes • Poetic utterances (a poem, an ear- catching motto, a rhyme) –
Peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers – Bu Lulu nuju udur huntu • Phatic
utterances – Hi, how are you? – Lovely day, isn’t it.
8. 8. Basic component ofinteraction… • Expressive Speaker • Directive Addressee •
Referential Message
9. 9. Addition… • Commissives: Promises and threat – I swear, I’ll do my revenge – I will
kill you soon • Formatives or Declaration – And now, I declare you as husband and wife
10. 10. Directives… …concern with getting people to do things… Examples: Imperative: Sit
down! Interrogative: Could you sit down? Declarative: It’d be better you to sit down.
11. 11. Factors that affect people inusing Directives.. • The social distance between particip •
Relative status • Formality of the context
12. 12. Example of the Social DistanceBetween Participants Cepat Upin, nanti kita lambat!
13. 13. Example of Relative Status Prepare your presentation, we’ll do it tomorrow!
14. 14. Example of Formality of the Context Wilujeng sumping, Pa. Mangga teras ka lebet.
15. 15. Politeness and AddressForm Speaking politeness --- • The feelings of others • The
social values of the society • Formality
16. 16. Politeness and AddressForm Types of politeness • Positive politeness • Negative
politeness
17. 17. Examples of Politeness and AddressForm Daddy, can you please help me with my
homework?
18. 18. Examples of Politeness and AddressForm Could you bring in my paper, please?
19. 19. Examples of Politeness and AddressForm
20. 20. Linguistic Politeness In DifferentCultures • Miscommunication .. • Learning another
language • Sociolinguistics assumption • Acceptance and refusal an invitation
21. 21. Example of miscommunication based oncultural differences … In some villages in
Subang, if someone wants to invite people to come to the wedding ceremony, she/he uses
cigarettes as an invitation. If someone gets an expensive cigarette, it means that she/he
has to give much money to the hostess and vice versa.
22. 22. (Batavia Example.. (Sundanes e) n) “Bade ka “Heh bumi PaTakrim, Hajimo pegi
Kardun,kemane aya lu?” kaperyogia n”
23. 23. Example of linguistic politeness … In Karawang, if there is a wedding ceremony, the
goods from the bridegroom are mentioned and the lists of price are also mentioned. If we
come from outside of Karawang which have different culture we automatically think that
culture is impolite because mentioning the goods and the price are unusual things.
24. 24. Greetings…• A part of communication• Serve an affective function
25. 25. Examples.. • How are you? • Apa kabar? • Kumaha damang? • Kia ora? • Pripun
kabare?
26. 26. References..Holmes, Janet. (2001). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Harlow:
Pearson Education Limited
27. 27. .. Thank you

http://www.slideshare.net/FirraBannie/speech-function-politeness-and-cross-cultural-communication
Speech Function, Politeness and Cross Cultural Communication

A . Speech Function, Politeness and Cross Cultural Communication

Differents speech communities emphasise different function,and express particular function differently.

There are the functions of speech:

1.Expressive (express speaker's feelings)

Examples:

Good morning sue

Lovely day

Yes, it’s beautiful

Makes see you wonder what we are doing here, doesn’t it.

That’s right

Thanks that’s great.

No problem

I feel great today

2. Directive (get others to do things)

e.g Look I wonder if you could possibly sort this lot out by ten

Clean up your room

3. Referential (provide information)

I need them for a meeting.


The apples are on the table

4. Metalinguistic (comments on language)

e.g: ‘hegemony’ is not a common word

Nouns can be mass or count

5. Poetic (aesthetic language--poems, mottos, rhymes)

e.g. Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers.

A stitch in time saves nine

6. Phatic (language for solidarity and empathy)

Example: Hi, how are you, lovely day isn’t it.

B. Directives

Directives are concerned with getting people to do things.

There are three ways to expressing the directive,such as:

The intrrogative,declarative,and the imperatives.

Examples:

Intrrogative could you sit down?

Declarative i want you to sit down

Imperative sit down

The social factor why speakers choice of the directive,the reason are:

-The social distance between participants,

-Their relatives status and


-The formality of the context evant.

People who are close friends or intimmed use more imperatives,for instance within a family

Example:

-wash your hand for milk,children

-shut up you fool

Teachers often use imperative to pupils

Example:

-Open your book at page 45

-Stop talking please.

C . Politeness and adress forms

Being polite is a complicated business i6n any languages. It’s difficult to learn because it involves
understanding not just the language, but all so the social and cultural values of the community. We
often do not appreciate just how complicated it is, because we tend to think of politeness simply as a
matter of saying “please and Thank you” in the right place.

Take the word “please” for example, children are told to say please when they are making
request, as a way of expressing themselves politely. But adult uses please far less than want might
suppose, and when they do, it often has the effect of making a directive sound less polite and more
peremptory.

Example:

A1 : Could you give me the tea”

A2 : Could you give me the tea, please”.


B1 : Answer the phone Jo”.

B2 : Please answer the phone Jo

1. Positive politeness

Positive politeness is solidarity oriented. It emphasizes shares attitudes and values. When the
boss suggest that a subordinate should use first name (FN) to her, this is a positive politeness move,
expressing solidariting and minimising status differences.

2. Negative politeness

Negative politeness pays people respect and avoids intruding on them. Negative politeness involves
expressing oneself appropriately in terms of social distance and respecting status differences. For
xample, using title and last name to your superior and to older people that you don’t know well are
futher examples of the expression of negative politeness.

D. Linguistic Politeness in Different Cultures

Anyone who has travelled outside their own speech community is likely to have had some
experience of misscommunication base on cultural differences.

For example: when Rebecca arrived in New Zealand from nottingham, she and her family were invited to
a christmas party at a neighbour’s house. Bring a plate she was told, and, thinking her host must be
having a very big party if they expected to run out of plates, she oblingingly brought four. Empty ones!
Whwn she arrived she was embrassed to discover that bring a plate meant bring contribution to the
food. Fortunately she had some flowers with her to cover her confusion.
E. Greetings

Examples:

-How are you?

-Where are you going?

-Where do you come from?

In different culture each of these questions is perfectly accceptable as part of a normal greetings
routine. They are formulas,and the expected answer is ritualistic. Just asa detailed blow-by blow
description of the state of your cold would be unexpected and inappropiate in response to how are you?
So the south east Asian questioner does not expect a minute and specific account of your intended
journey and destination. Just as fine is enoughof an answer to thefirst question, so a long the way or just
a short distance is an appropiate and polite response to the second. Greeting formulas universally serve
an affective function of establishing non-threatening contact and and rapport, but their precise content
is clearly culture spesific.

The sociolinguistic rules governing more formal meetings are usually equally culturally prescribed. The
Maori ritual of encounter, for instance, is a complex procedure. The bare structure of the ritual is
represented by the following squence of speech events.

http://rasa-jeruk55.blogspot.co.id/2012/01/speech-function-politeness-and-cross.html

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