SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT

Phase-I

WAPCOS LIMITED
(International Consultant in water Resources
Power and Infrastructure, Development)
76-C, Sector – 18, Institutional Area, Gurgaon,
Haryana, India, Tele-fax : + 91-124-2399427
E-mail: [email protected]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT, PHASE – I

PRE-FEASIBLITY REPORT
CONTENTS

Page Nos.

Salient Features (i) to (ii)

Chapter-1: Introduction 1-1 to 1-7

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-1 to 2-13

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-1 to 3-24

Chapter-4: Hydrological Studies 4-1 to 4-22

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design Features and Criteria 5-1 to 5-28

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-1 to 6-43

Chapter-7: Construction Planning and Scheduling 7-1 to 7-16

Chapter-8: Cost Estimate 8-1 to 8-8

Chapter-9: Benefit Cost Ratio, Financial Return

& Internal Rate of Return 9-1 to 9-47
SALIENT FEATURES
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

SALIENT FEATURES
Sl. No. Particulars Details
1 Project Name Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project
(Phase – I), Telangana
2 Districts Benefitted Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem
& Mahabubabad
3 State Telangana
4 Location
Latitude 16° 45’ N - 18° 37’ N
Longitude 79° 49’ E - 81° 48’ E
5 River Godavari River
6 Average Rainfall of the Project Area 1045 mm
7 Dummugudem Anicut
a) River Godavari
b) Village Dummugudem
c) Tehsil/Block Dummugudem
d) District Bhadradri- Kothagudem
e) Location 17° 52′ 26″ N, 80° 53′ 6″ E.
f) Hydrology
i) Catchment Area 281000 Sq. Km.
ii) Water Availability at Anicut
50% Dependability 30581 MCM
75% Dependability 7696 MCM
8 Length of the Conveyor System
i) Gravity Open Channel (Km) 210
ii) Tunnel (Km) 4.65
iii) Pumping Main (Km) 8
Total (Km) 224.65
9 Command Area
Districts Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem
& Mahabubabad
a) New Ayacut 3,28,853 Ac./ 1,33,085 Ha

Salient Features (i)

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Sl. No. Particulars Details

b) Stabilization 3,45,534 Ac./ 1,39,836 Ha
Total 6,74,387 Ac./2,72 ,921 Ha
10 Land Acquisition
i) Private Land 2905 Ha
ii) Forest Land 1930 Ha
11 Maximum Discharge of feeder 255 Cumecs
12 Power Requirement 407.00 MW
13 Annual Energy Requirements 1075 MU
14 Annual Energy Cost Rs. 537.50 Crores
15 Project Cost Rs. 11931.73 Crores
16 Benefit-Cost Ratio 1.80
17 Financial IRR (%) 20.18

Salient Features (ii)

1. INTRODUCTION
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER–1
INTRODUCTION

1.1. GENERAL

The economy of Telangana is mainly driven by agriculture. About 73% of the

population is rural. The economy of the state is predominantly agrarian; agriculture
contributes about 50% of the state’s income and employs about 70% of the work
force. Since agriculture is the main activity and it has close links with the
development in other sectors, for overall economic progress of the state, achieving
faster agricultural growth is imperative. Therefore, there is an urgent need for
increasing food and fiber production to meet the demands of increasing population as
well as providing rural employment. Development of irrigated agriculture has played
a major role in the economic growth and poverty alleviation through successive plan
periods. These can be achieved by expanding and improving the irrigation sector,
exploiting the considerable water resources, with which the state is blessed. Two
major rivers of India, the Godavari and Krishna and their tributaries, flow through the
state, providing irrigation. Farmers in Telangana mainly depend on rain-fed water
sources for irrigation. Rice is the major food crop. Other important crops are cotton,
sugar cane; mango and tobacco are the local crops.

Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern
seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. It covers 114,800 square kilometres (44,300 sq mi).
The region is drained by two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari
River catchment area and about 69% of the Krishna River catchment area, but most of
the land is arid. Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the Bhima,
the Manjira and the Musi between the two rivers Godavari and Krishna.

The Godavari River enters Bhadradri- Kothagudem district from JayaShankar-

Bhupalapalli district and flows nearly 250 km across the district. Bhadradri-
Kothagudem district is one of the "Coal mining districts of India". The district has the
Singareni Colleries head town, Kothagudem which is also called "Coal town of South
India." It is currently a part of the Red Corridor. Doli Gutta, at 965 m the highest

Chapter-1: Introduction 1-1 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

point in Telangana, is located at the northern end of the district. In 2006 the Indian
government named Khammam one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out
of a total of 640). It is one of the districts in Telangana currently receiving funds from
the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Bhadradri- Kothagudem & Khammam Districts are endowed with Agro climatic and
soil conditions in which a wide range of horticulture crops like mango, banana,
cashew, coconut, oil palm, cocoa, pepper etc. are grown. Production and distribution
of various kinds of fruits, vegetables and flowers and their seeds are the major
activities supported by the horticulture Department. The district has only one major
irrigation project namely Nagarjuna Sagar Project (NSP) and there are some medium
irrigation projects like:

I. Kinnersani reservoir II. Wyra III. Thaliperu IV. BayyaramV.Bathupally VI.

Lankasagar VII. Mukamamidi VIII. Pedawagu IX. Palair reservoirX. PalamVagu
ProjectXI. ModikuntaVaguProject. Apart from these there are some minor irrigation
tanks also available in the Bhadradri - Kothagudem& Khammam Districts. The
combined irrigation potential of all these schemes is about 9.5 Lakh Acres out of
about 16 Lakh Acres irrigation potential of the district. In order to harness the
remaining irrigation potential of about 6.5 Lakh Acres and also to stabilization of
some of the schemes suffering Ayacut, the present project “Sita Rama Lift
Irrigation Project” has been formulated.

1.2. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Earlier before the Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, two project namely (i) Rajiv
Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme (ii) Indira Sagar Rudramkota Lift Irrigation
Scheme were proposed in order to harness the irrigation potential of left out ayacut
from existing irrigation schemes, which is about 6.5 Lakh Acres out of which about 2
Lakh Acres was proposed to be covered by Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation
Scheme and 1.25 Lakh Acres was proposed to be covered by Indira Sagar Lift
Irrigation Scheme. Even after execution of this scheme, about 2.55 Lakh Acres will
still remain to be covered by any future irrigation scheme (refer table below). After
bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh 7 Mandals of Khammam District were transferred to
Andhra Pradesh and it was amalgamated in West Godavari District of Andhra

Chapter-1: Introduction 1-2 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Pradesh, in this process the intake structure of proposed Indira Sagar Lift Irrigation
Scheme went into administrative boundary of Andhra Pradesh. As such there is a need
for revision of the Indira Sagar Scheme in order to avoid administrative difficulties in
O&M between two adjoining states.

In view of above the present Telangana Government decided not only to integrate
earlier proposed Indira Sagar and Rajiv Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme into one lift
irrigation scheme but also cover the Gap Ayacut which is not coming under any
present or future irrigation scheme. It is in this context the present scheme is renamed
as Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme is being formulated to cover about 9.36 Lakh
Acres of Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem and Mahabubabad Districts. The project
has been planned to execute in two phases. Phase – I of the Sita Rama Lift Irrigation
Scheme will cover the Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem and Mahabubabad
Districts whereas Phase – II will cover the Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem and
Mahabubabad Districts. Phase – I of this scheme covers command area of 2,72,921
Ha with new ayacut of about 1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha.
The present report deals with Phase-I of the Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme.

The Index map of the Phase – I of the project is given as Fig. 1.1.

TELANGANA
INDIA

PROJECT AREA

Fig 1.1 Index Map of Project Area

Chapter-1: Introduction 1-3 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

1.3. COMMUNICATION

The proposed Lift Irrigation Project is proposed to withdraw water from Godavari
River U/S of existing Dummugudem Anicut. The Dummugudem Anicut is located at
Dummugudem Mandal in Bhadradri-Kothagudem district at 17° 52′ 26″ N and 80°
53′ 6″ E.

The project area has got good network of roads and Railways. The project area is
about 350 Km from Hyderabad, 145 Km from Khammam and about 200 Km from
Warangal. Bus service is also available from Khammam and Warangal to the study
area. The nearest railway station to study area is Aswapuram which is located in and
around 10-kilometer distance. Hyderabad and Rajahmundry are the nearest Airports.

1.4. CLIMATE OF THE PROJECT AREA

Temperature:

The project area has an average annual temperature of 28.3°C. Project Area
experiences typical Indian climatic conditions. Summer season is hot and the
temperatures can climb rapidly during the day. Monsoon season brings certain amount
of rainfall and the temperatures gradually reduce during this period. After the onset of
the monsoon day temperatures are much lower and as the winter approaches they
reduce further. The climate in the project area is generally dry and is very hot in May
with temperature rising up to 52° C. Normally the temperature varies from 41° C in
summer to 16° C in winter.

Rainfall:

The average annual rainfall of the project area is 1045 mm, monthly rainfall ranges
from 1.7 mm rainfall in December to 260.4 mm in July. July is the wettest months of
the year. The mean seasonal rainfall distribution is 805.5 mm in southwest monsoon
(June-September), 155.9 mm in northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec),12.1 mm rainfall in
winter (Jan-Feb) and 71.5 mm in summer (March – May). The percentage distribution
of rainfall, season-wise, is 77.08% in southwest monsoon, 14.92 % in northeast
monsoon, 1.16 percentage in winter and 6.84 % in summer.

Chapter-1: Introduction 1-4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

The mean monthly rainfall and temperature distribution of the project area is given in
Fig 1.2.

40.4 260.4
38.3 241.7
35.8 36.7

32.6 32.8
31.8 32.6 32
29.7 30.3
29
27.5 26.9 170.2
25.7 25.1 24.6 24.7
23 23.2
133.2
20.7 119.0 20.2
18 17.4

51.5
35.2

7.1 7.1 12.9

5.0 1.7

Rainfall Temperature Min Temperature Max

Fig 1.2. Mean Monthly Rainfall and Temperature Distribution

Humidity

Humidity is low as it is not located near the ocean. Conditions are generally dry
during this period. During monsoon period, the relative humidity in the project area is
high during the months of August and September; generally exceeding 75 per cent.
The relative humidity is minimum in the month of May, which is the driest part of the
year having relative humidity lower than 60%.

Cloudiness

In the study area, June to October is the period when more than half of the sky is
covered with clouds, while only about ¼ of sky is clouded from January to March. Of
the days in July and August, skies are overcast. In clear weather months of January to
March, about 10-13 days are free of clouds.

Chapter-1: Introduction 1-5 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Winds

Winds are generally light to moderate with some increase in force during the month of
May and during southwest monsoon season. During the post monsoon season and the
early half of the winter season, winds are very light and variable in direction in the
mornings and mostly northeasterly to easterly in the afternoons. During the latter half
of the winter season and in March-April, the morning winds continue to be lighter and
variable in direction; the afternoon winds being mostly easterly to southeasterly. In
May, winds are predominantly from west and in southwest monsoon season from west
to northwest. In the study area the maximum & minimum mean wind speeds are about
5.1 km/hr and 1.5 km/hr respectively.

1.5. TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF STUDY AREA

The project is spread over one district of the state of Telangana located in Southern
peninsular India. The Project area has an average elevation of 107 metres.

The geological formations indicate Gondwana Super Group of Talchir formations

with double bed and sandstone. The Gondwana are exposed in the eastern most part
with Sullavai mostly occupying the central portion. The granites are present to the
west. The Pakhel and the Penganga formations are sand-witched in between.

The regional strike of bedding is NW-SE and the dips are mostly towards northeast up
to 30. The sullavis in the north strike N-S and dip at 25° towards the East. The
granites have steep to vertical joints trending in (i) NW-SE, (ii) WNW-ESE and (iii)
N 10° E – S 10° W, directions. The foliation of the gneissic granites trends in a N 10°
W – S 10° E direction and has a dip of 75° to the west. The granites are mostly
massive.

A number of faults have been deciphered in the area, out of which some are regional
faults. Two of the faults in the area are regional, one trending in a NW-SE direction
forming a boundary between the crystal lives and the sedimentaries and the other
trending in a NNW-SSE direction passing through Murmur. There is considerable
thinning of beds and offsetting along the faults with the development of mylonite.

Chapter-1: Introduction 1-6 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

1.6. STRUCTURE OF REPORT

The structure of present report has been briefly described in the ensuing paragraph so as
to briefly present an overview of the content of report covered in this Pre-Feasibility
Report.

Chapter-2: Physical Features: It covers physiographic details, river system, and

meteorological details of Godavari Basin. It also provides sub-basin level details of the
basin.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects: It covers the interstate issues involved with Godavari
basin in Telangana and its water sharing guidelines

Chapter-4: Hydrological Studies: It covers assessment of water availability at the

intake location of the project.

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design Features and Criteria for different river valley
structures: covering the basic planning and design of the various project components
required for smooth functioning of identified scheme.

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning: covering assessment of evapo-transpiration, crop

water requirement and irrigation scheduling for reservoir simulation studies.

Chapter-7: Construction Planning and Scheduling: It includes preliminary

construction planning and scheduling for the construction of proposed scheme.

Chapter-8: Cost Estimate: covering the analysis of rates for various items of work,
estimation of the quantities of various items for civil works and Electro-mechanical
works and finally estimating overall cost of the project at various sites.

Chapter-9: Benefit Cost Ratio, Financial Return & Internal Rate of Return:
covering the estimation of project benefit stream and project cost stream to evaluate
benefit-cost ratio (B/C Ratio), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback period apart
from sensitivity analysis of the B/C Ratio and IRR for various scenarios of change in
cost and benefit.

Chapter-1: Introduction 1-7 WAPCOS Limited

2. PHYSICAL FEATURES
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

CHAPTER-2
PHYSICAL FEATURES
2.1. GENERAL

Telangana is the 29th state of India, formed on June 2nd 2014. The state has an area of
1,12,077 Sq.Km and is the twelfth largest state in India with a population of
3,52,86,757 souls as per 2011 census. Hyderabad City will serve as the joint capital of
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh States for up to the next ten years. The Telangana
region was part of the Hyderabad state from Sept 17th 1948 to Nov 1st 1956, until it
was merged with Andhra state to form the Andhra Pradesh state.

After decades of movement by the people of this region for a separate State, Telangana
was ultimately created by passing the AP State Reorganization Bill in both houses of
Parliament. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north
west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east
and south. Its major cities include Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam,
Karimnagar and Ramagundam.

Godavari and Krishna are the two major rivers in this state, besides having numerous
lakes in this region. Telangana is also drained by other minor rivers such as Manair,
Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and
Peddavagu and Taliperu. The area is divided into two main regions, the Eastern Ghats
and the Deccan Plateau.

2.2. TOPOGRAPHY

Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern
seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. It covers 1,12,077 Sq.Km. The region is drained by
two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari River catchment area and about
69% of the Krishna River catchment area, but most of the land is arid. Telangana is
also drained by other minor rivers such as Manair, Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani,
Manjeera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and Taliperu.

Telangana comprises of 31 districts viz. Adilabad, Bhadradri- Kothagudem,

Hyderabad, Jagtial, Jangaon, Jayashankar- Bhupalapalli, Jogulamba, Kamareddy,
Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-1 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Karimnagar, Khammam, Komaram Bheem, Mahabubabad, Mahabubnagar,

Mancherial, Medak, Medchal, Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda, Nirmal, Nizamabad,
Peddapalli, Rajanna Sircilla, Ranga Reddy, Sangareddy, Siddipet, Suryapet,
Vikarabad, Wanaparthy, Warangal Rural, Warangal Urban, Yadadri districts. Most of
the area is covered with dry and barren land. Upland crops are grown with the help of
available tank water. Industrially this region is well-developed.

Topographically about 10% of the area in the State lies below 150 metres altitude.
About 50% lies between 150 and 500 metres and nearly 10% between 500 and 600
metres both forming the plateau surface comprising of peneplain surfaces. About 30%
of the area with an elevation above 600 metres is treated as hilly tract, in which 25%
lies between 600 and 900 metres and the remaining at more than 900 metres above the
sea level.

GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS

Geographically, the State can be divided into 2 natural regions.

a) The Deccan Plateau

The Deccan is a peninsular plateau located in central India that includes inland
sections of the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Chhattisgarh,
Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Deccan Plateau makes up most of central and
southern India. The Deccan Plateau limits to the high table land between the Narbada
(Narmada) and Krishna rivers, where remnants of lava beds are to be found.

The Western Ghats mountain range is very tall and blocks the moisture from the
southwest monsoon from reaching the Deccan Plateau, so the region receives very
little rainfall. The eastern Deccan Plateau is at a lower elevation spanning the
southeastern coast of India. It is an ancient plateau made of rocks of Archaean origin.
This plateau region consists of whole Telangana region. The plateau extends largely
between 200-500 metres altitude except in Ranga Reddy, Mahbubnagar, Nizamabad,
Medak and Adilabad (West portion of Telangana region), where the plateau elevated
between 500-900 metres.

Its forests are also relatively dry but serve to retain the rain to form streams that feed

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-2 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

into rivers that flow into basins and then into the Bay of Bengal. Most Deccan plateau
rivers flow south. Most of the northern part of the plateau is drained by the Godavari
River and its tributaries, including the Indravati River, starting from the Western Ghats
and flowing east towards the Bay of Bengal. Most of the central plateau is drained by
the Tungabhadra River, Krishna River and its tributaries, including the Bhima River,
which also run east. The southernmost part of the plateau is drained by the Kaveri
River, which rises in the Western Ghats of Karnataka and bends south to break
through the Nilgiri Hills at the island town of Shivanasamudra and then falls into
Tamil Nadu at Hogenakal Falls before flowing into the Stanley Reservoir and the
Mettur Dam that created the reservoir, and finally emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
The river valleys are densely populated, but the dry areas lying in between the rivers
are often lightly settled. Irrigation is uneven because the rivers are rain-fed.
Nevertheless, the volcanic soil of the north lends itself to cotton cultivation. Other
cash crops include millet, oil-seeds, and wheat, and there are tea and coffee plantations
in the south. Among major Deccan cities are Poona, Hyderabad, and Bangalore.

Generally, there is scanty rainfall in the southern part. Towards the northern part, a
belt of Gondwanas, the coal deposits have been preserved along the lower Godavari
trough and most of the area is covered by dry deciduous forests.

b) The Eastern Ghats

The Eastern Ghats lies in between the coastal plains and the deccan plateau, the
Eastern Ghats begin from Khondomal-Simlipal hills of Orissa, pass through Telangana
in a South-west direction and merge with Western Ghats near Nilagiris of Tamil Nadu.
They consist of different types of hills and present themselves as a broken chain of
hills unlike Western Ghats. In between the Godavari and the Krishna rivers, there is an
almost clear break in the chain of Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats in Telangana pass
through the districts of Khammam, Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar, districts.

The hills are closely formed and they rise high in the north, mostly above 750 m with a
few peaks exceeding 1500 m elevation. The highest peak in these Ghats is Sambari
Konda with an elevation of about 1530 m.

The Eastern Ghat's river valleys are one of the most fertile regions of the country with

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-3 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

several century-old civilizations and agricultural practices. A number of small rivers

and streams are born on these hills which, flowing eastward, provide water sources to
the Coastal plains in the north Araku valley, celebrated for its natural splendour and
scenic beauty. The northern hills of the Eastern Ghats are popularly known as Agency
area which has been the abode of various hill tribes from very ancient times.

The hills of Eastern Ghats extending from the south of the Krishna river up to the
Mahabubnagar district, are variously Nallamalais Erramalais, Lankamalais and
Seshachalam. The Nallamalais are 112 Kms long and their height is 800 m. The region
between the Nallamalais and Velikondas is a scanty rain area. There are no thick
forests in this region.

Fig 2.1 Telangana Physical Map

2.3. GEOGRAPHICAL DISPOSITION OF THE BASIN

The biggest river of peninsular India and the second largest in the country, River
Godavari, flows eastwards across the Deccan Plateau from Western Ghats. It rises in

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Sahyadris at an altitude of 1067 m above mean sea level at Triambakeshwar about 80

km from the Arabian Sea in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. After flowing for
about 1,465 km in a generally southeasterly direction through Maharashtra and
Andhra Pradesh, it falls into the Bay of Bengal, about 97 km below Rajahmundry.
The state wise breakup of the Godavari basin area is given below:

STATE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF GODAVARI BASIN

Maharashtra
Odisha; 5.7%
Chhattisgarh; Telangana
10.7% Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh; Madhya Pradesh
10.2%
Chhattisgarh
Odisha

Karnataka; 1.4%
Maharashtra;
Andhra Pradesh; 48.6%
4.9%

Telangana; 18.4%

Fig 2.2 State Wise Breakup of the Godavari Basin

Table 2.1 State Wise Breakup of the Godavari Basin

Catchment As percentage
Sl. No. Name of the state
area (Sq.km) of total (%)
1 Maharashtra 152200 48.6
2 Telangana 57829 18.4
3 Andhra Pradesh 15372 4.9
4 Madhya Pradesh 31821 10.2
5 Chhattisgarh 33434 10.7
6 Odisha 17752 5.7
7 Karnataka 4405 1.4
Total 312812 100

The index map of the Godavari basin is given at Plate 2.1.

The Godavari basin, lies between latitudes 16º 16’ N and 22º 43’ N and longitudes 73º
26’ E and 83º 7’ E, extending over an area of nearly 3,12,812 square km, roughly
Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-5 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

about 10% of the total geographical area of India. The basin comprises areas in the
State of Maharastra, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Odisha and Karnataka.

2.4. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE BASIN

The drainage basin of the Godavari comprises rolling and undulating country - a
series of ridges and valleys interspersed with low hill ranges. Large flat areas of the
type characteristics of the Indo-Gangetic plains are scarce except in the delta. The
western edge of the basin is an almost unbroken line formed by the Sahyadris range of
Western Ghats. The interior of the basin is a plateau divided into a series of valleys
sloping generally towards east. The northern boundary of the basin comprises a series
of tableland varying in elevation, which has withstood the effect of ages of denudation
better than the terrain to the north and south of them. Large stretches of plains
interspersed with hills range lie to the south. The Eastern Ghats & Bay of Bengal
forms the eastern boundary. The Eastern Ghats are not as well defined or continuous
as the Sahyadris range on the west. They rise from the plains of East Godavari and
Visakhapatnam to the level of the table land of Jeypore. The delta of the Godavari
formed by deposits at the mouth of the river over the ages, consists of a wide belt of
the river borne alluvium.

2.5. GODAVARI RIVER SYSTEMS

About 64 km from its source, the Godavari receives the water of Darna river and at a
short distance lower down the river, it gets out of the high rainfall zone of the Western
Ghats and there is no further significant contribution to the river flow until about 150
km below when it receives the combined waters of the Pravara and Mula rivers.
About 483 km lower, Manjra river joins from the south. The river Pranahita
conveying the combined waters of the rivers Penganga, Wardha and Wainganga falls
into the Godavari about 306 km below the Manjra confluence. About 48 km lower,
the Godavari receives the water of the Indrāvati River. Both Pranahita and Indrāvati
are major rivers in their own right. Sabari is the last major tributary which falls into
the Godavari 100 km above Rajahmundry.

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-6 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

The slope of the river from its source to 100 km distance is 2.7 m per km, 0.3 m per
km in the next 700 km and 1.19 m per km in the next 160 km up to the confluence of
Godavari with Pranahita. In the next reach, up to the sea, the slope is very mild, about
0.23 m per km.

The river Manjra rises in the Balaghat range in the Bhir district of Maharashtra at an
altitude of about 823 m. The river flows in a generally east and southeasterly direction
for 515 km. The total length of the river from the source to its confluence with the
Godavari, at an altitude of 329 m is about 724 km.

The Pranahita with its three principal branches, the Penganga, the Wardha and the
Wainganga is by far the most important tributary of the Godavari. The Penganga
rises at an altitude of about 686 m in the Buldana range in Maharashtra and after
flowing for a length of 676 km in a generally southeasterly and easterly direction joins
river Wardha at an elevation of 174 m. Except in its upper most reach of about 161
km which is mostly barren and hilly, the river passes through dense forests of
Yeotmal and Nanded districts and is then joined by several tributaries.

The Wardha rises at an altitude of 777 m in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh and
enters Maharashtra about 32 km from its source. After flowing further for a distance
of 483 km in a generally southeasterly direction it joins the Wainganga at an elevation
of 145 m. For the last 42 km of its course it forms the boundary between Maharashtra
and Andhra Pradesh. Throughout its course, river flows through dense forests.

River Wainganga rises at an altitude of 640 m in Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh

and after flowing for a short length, it takes a turn towards east and then, south
forming a great loop. After flowing for a total length of 274 km in Madhya Pradesh,
it forms the boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra for about 32 km. It
then continues to flow towards south for another 188 km to join the Wardha.

The combined waters of the Wainganga and the Wardha, now called Pranhita, flow
for 113 km along the border between Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh before falling
into the Godavari at an elevation of 107 m.

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-7 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

The Indravati rises at an altitude of 914 m in the Kalahandi district of Orissa on the
western slopes of the Eastern Ghats. It flows westward through Koraput and Bastar
districts, turns south and about 531 km from its source joins the Godavari at an
elevation of about 82 m. The important tributaries of the Indravati are the Narangi,
Boardhing, Kotri and Bandia from its right and Nandiraj from its left.

The Sabari also known as the Kolab is one of the important tributaries of the
Godavari. The Sabari rises at an altitude of 1,372 m in the Sinkaram hill range of the
Eastern Ghats. After flowing for a short distance in northwesterly and westerly
direction, it turns south and joins Godavari about 418 km from its source at an altitude
of 25 m about 97 km upstream of Rajahmundry. The index map of the Godavari basin
is given at plate-2.1.

2.6. SUB-BASINS

The Godavari Basin has been divided into 12 sub- basins as per the Report of the
Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal as given below in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Sub-basins of Godavari Basin
Sl. No. Sub-basin Details
1. G-1: UPPER GODAVARI This sub-basin includes the reach of the river Godavari
from its source to its confluence with the Manjra. The
sub-basin excludes the catchment areas of the Pravara,
the Purna and the Manjra but includes that of all other
tributaries which fall into the Godavari in this reach.
2. G-2: PRAVARA This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the
Pravara from the source to its confluence with the
Godavari including the catchment areas of the Mula and
other tributaries of the Pravara.
3. G-3 : PURNA This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the
Purna and of all of its tributaries.
4. G-4: MANJRA This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the
Manjra from its source to its confluence with the
Godavari including the catchment areas of the Tima, the
Karanja, the Haldi, the Lendi, Maner and other
tributaries.

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-8 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)
5. G- 5: MIDDLE GODAVARI This sub-basin comprises the river Godavari from its
confluence with the Manjra to its confluence with the
Pranahita. The sub-basin includes the direct
catchment of the Godavari in this reach as well as of its
tributaries, except the Maner and the Pranahita.
6. G - 6: MANER This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the
Maner from its source to its confluence with the
Godavari, including all its tributaries.
7. G - 7: PENGANGA This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the
Penganga from its source to its confluence with the
Wardha with all its tributaries.
8. G - 8: WARDHA This sub-basin comprises river Wardha from its source
to its confluence with the Wainganga with all its
tributaries but excluding the catchment of the Penganga
9. G - 9: PRANAHITA This sub-basin comprises the catchments of river
Wainganga from its source to its confluence with the
Wardha and the Pranahita up to its confluence with the
Godavari. The sub-basin includes all the tributaries of
the Wainganga and the Pranahita except the Penganga
and the Wardha. The Wainganga after its confluence
with the Wardha is called the Pranahita.
10. G-10: LOWER GODAVARI This sub-basin consists of the lower part of the river
Godavari from its confluence with the Pranahita up to
the sea. The sub-basin includes the direct catchment of
the Godavari in this reach with all its tributaries except
the Indravati and the Sabari.
11. G - 11 INDRAVATI This sub-basin includes all the areas drained by the
Indravati and its tributaries from its source to its
confluence with the Godavari.
12. G-12 : SABARI This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the
Sabari river from its source to its confluence with the
Godavari including its main tributary Sileru.

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-9 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

2.7. METEOROLOGY

2.7.1. Rainfall

The Godavari Basin receives the maximum rainfall during the months of June to
September due to south west monsoon. The south-west monsoon establishes itself
over Godavari Basin by about 2nd week of June and withdraws towards end of
September. South-west monsoon rainfall accounts for about 80% of the annual
rainfall. The Godavari Basin receives annually a rainfall of about 1062 mm on the
average. The normal rainfall over the basin has a minimum of the order of 500 mm
over parts of Nasik and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra, the area being far away
from Bay of Bengal and the Western Ghats posing a barrier for moisture inflow from
the Arabian Sea. Westward of Nasik, the annual normal rainfall increases
progressively and is about 1600 mm over extreme western parts of the basin.
Eastward of the line connecting Ahmednagar to a point about 40 km west of
Aurangabad, the normal annual rainfall again increases gradually to more than 1500
mm over extreme eastern parts of the basin.

2.7.2. Temperature

The Godavari Basin has a tropical climate. The mean annual surface temperature is
about 24°C in Western Ghats. It increases gradually towards east and reaches about
29°C on the eastern coasts.

The maximum temperature increases from 35°C in the Western Ghats to 40°C in the
middle of the plateau and it goes down again to about 35° C on the east coast.

2.7.3. Relative Humidity

The relative humidity is high in the basin during the southwest monsoon season. With
the withdrawal of the monsoon, humidity gradually decreases and in summer the air is
generally dry. The climate generally remains dry for about 7 months in the year from
November to May. The maximum relative humidity is generally recorded during July
/ August and the minimum during April / May. The maximum relative humidity in the
basin varies between 60% and 89%, the average being 83.3%. The minimum relative
humidity ranges from 15% to 29.5%, the average being 22%.

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-10 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

2.7.4. Evaporation

The evaporation losses as recorded by IMD vary from 1800 mm to 2440 mm in

different parts of the basin.

2.7.5. Evapo-Transpiration

Temperature varies from 200 C to 350 C in a year causes lot of monthly variations in
the potential evapotranspiration in the basin. Minimum potential evapotranspiration in
the basin is 30 to 100 mm during January / February and maximum goes upto 400 to
450 mm during April / May months throughout the basin.

2.7.6. Wind Velocity

Winds are generally light to moderate with increase in speeds in the later part of
summer and in the southwest monsoon season. Wind blows mostly from southwest to
northwest during the monsoon season and in post monsoon season wind blows from
the northwest to north direction. In the cold season the wind blows from northwest to
southwest. Maximum wind speed in the basin varies between 10.6 kmph and 22.5
kmph, the average maximum wind speed being 14.7 kmph over the basin. The
minimum wind speed varies between 1.3 kmph and 5 kmph, the average being 3.2
kmph.

2.7.7. Demography

Demographics are the quantifiable statistics of a given population. On the basis of the
2001 census, and the percentage of each district, within the basin, the total population
in the basin works out to about 60.48 million. The population density ranges from 25-
50 persons per Sq. km to 500-1000 persons per Sq. km. East Godavari, West
Godavari, Nagpur, Pune, Rangareddy and Visakhapatnam districts have higher
population density as compared to the other districts of this Basin. Nagpur is the most
important urban center in the basin. Other important towns are Nasik, Aurangabad,
Karimnagar, Warangal, Rajahmundry, Akola, Amravati, and Ahmednagar. The
industrial potential of the Godavari basin is high. There are more than 441 towns,
58072 settlements and 33 cities in the basin. There are six airports falling in the basin.
In some areas, urbanization has been a factor in increasing the overall density. The

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-11 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

population of the region is concentrated in plains, low lands and isolated basins which
have the coincidence of good soil cover and water. Godavari basin has a rich variety
of mineral wealth spread over vast areas.

2.7.8. Geography, Physiography and topography

The Godavari basin extends over an area of 3,12,813 km2, which is nearly 10% of the
total geographical area of the country and lies between latitudes 16 o 16’ N and 22o 43’
N and longitudes 73o 26’ E and 83o 07’ E. The basin comprises areas in the States of
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
and Odisha. The State-wise distribution of the areas is given in Table 2.1. The
Godavari basin is bounded on the north by the Satmala Hills, the Ajanta Range and
the Mahadeo Hills, on the south and east by the Eastern Ghats and on the west by the
Western Ghats. It is roughly triangular in shape and the main river itself runs
practically along the base of the triangle. Except for the hills forming the watershed
around the basin, the entire drainage basin of the river Godavari comprises of
undulating country, a series of ridges and valleys interspersed with low hill ranges.
Large flat areas which are characteristic of the Indo-Gangetic plains are scarce except
in the delta. The Sahyadri ranges of Western Ghats form the western edge of the
basin. The interior of the basin is a plateau divided into a series of valleys sloping
generally towards east. The Eastern Ghats, which form the eastern boundary, are not
so well defined as the Sahyadri range on the west. The northern boundary of the basin
comprises of table lands with varying elevation. Large stretches of plains interspersed
by hill ranges lie to the south.

2.7.9. Soils

Soil is composed of minerals, mixed with some organic matter, which differ from its
parent materials in terms of its texture, structure, consistency, colour, chemical,
biological and other characteristics. The Godavari basin consists of large undulating
plains divided by low flat topped hill ranges. The important soil types found in the
basin are black soils, red soils, lateritic soils, alluvium, mixed soils and saline and
alkaline soils. The characteristics and the distribution of the soils are influenced
essentially by the nature and intensity of weathering and the mode and rapidity of
fluvial transport on the plateau. Much of the plateau region of the basin carries
Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-12 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

different shades, and thickness of black soil generally recognized as black cotton soil
or regur. Genetically, the black soils range between a residual soil with a mature
profile and the river-borne alluvium of the flood plains to which a large amount of
colluvium is also contributed, particularly on the margins of the river valleys where it
is likely to inter-finger with alluvium. In higher rainfall area, the chemical decay of
trap rocks gives rise to red clay, so typical of Sahyadrian zone, noticed on bare
mountain slopes and seen in the muddy ochre-colour flood waters of the tributaries.
The soils in the valleys are darker, deeper and more fertile. While the deep black soils
are confined to the valleys, the medium black soils, the most widespread in the region,
occur on the interfluves and the light black soils are found on the hill slopes in less
rainy area.

The Lateritic soils are poor in organic matter with a varying pH range of 5.5 to 6.5
often covered with forests or orchards. Major part of arable land in Eastern Ghats
contains mixed red and black soils deficient in humus, nitrogen, phosphoric acid,
potash and lime. Extremely porous and generally sedentary type of soils are formed
through the weathering of metamorphic rocks, e.g., schists and gneisses, and are
generally deficient in plant nutrients with low pH value. They are generally red with
patches of grey colour, being too shallow with very little clay content. The problem of
soil erosion is quite serious in certain areas, particularly in the Eastern Ghats and the
Bastar plateau. The alluvial soils are transported soils and have been deposited with
alternate layers of sand and silt. The older alluvium has a more clayey texture and
dark colour as compared to the recent alluvium of sandy texture and lighter colour.

2.7.10. Land Use

Land use pattern is a fairly useful indicator in understanding the environmental set up,
socio-economic status, infrastructural facilities and climatic conditions of an area. The
basin holds a variety of land cover and land use classes. It is found that nearly 22 land
use/land cover classes exist in the basin. Major part (59.57%) of the basin is covered
with agricultural land. Forest area is about 29.78% and water bodies occupy 2.06% of
the total basin area. The north-eastern part of the basin is particularly rich in forests
with deciduous forest covering 26.16% of the total basin area. The other main

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-13 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

categories of land use/land cover in the basin are fallow land, Scrub land, Scrub
forest, river/stream/canal, rural, urban mining, swamp/mangrove etc.

The drier and hotter Malkangiri plateau and the adjoining area the moist deciduous
species are replaced by drier teak forests. In the Dankaranya region of the basin owing
to difficult terrain, extensive forest cover, shallow soil, the net sown area is very low.
Agriculture here is almost totally dependent on rainfall. The moist deciduous forests
stretch along the north-eastern border of the region occupying parts of Adilabad,
Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam where the amount of normal rainfall exceeds 100
cm. Irrigation facilities have encouraged the cultivation of wheat, sugarcane, in
certain pockets, though millets, largely Jowar and Bajra, remain the principal crops.
The settlements in the valley have followed the water courses and are located on the
terraces at a safe distance from flood waters.

Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-14 WAPCOS Limited

 740 750 60
MAP OF GODAVARI BASIN
770 7g o 81 0 820
PLATE 2.1
° goo 81 0
23 ·i-- ----------'t-------------'t-----------'ir----�f------�'.....__---�---�---� ---�---__:;__-- g3 0 g40 °
-___:23

RISSA

)�19°

G-4( ANJRA)

17 HRA 17°

(MI DESH
�
STATEBOURDARY

BASINBOURDARY

SUB-BASINBOURDARY

RIVERS
�
160
16'

SCALE

10 0 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100KM

KM

15' 730
74° 75 ° 76° 77° 780 79 ° 80 ° 81 ° 82 ° g30 8 0
3. INTERSTATE ASPECTS
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER-3
INTER-STATE ASPECTS

3.1 GENERAL

The proposed scheme envisages construction of gravity Canals, Tunnels and

Pumping mains by diverting Godavari water of about 75 TMC from the upstream
of existing anicut at Dummugudem to irrigate about 9.36 lakh acres in Khammam,
Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts of Telangana. Besides irrigation,
the Project also envisages provisions for drinking water and industrial
requirements of the project area.

As per the provisions made in Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Award

(GWDTA), the total allocation of water in the Godavari River for Telangana State
& Andhra Pradesh is 1480 TMC out of which about 900 TMC is allocated to
Telangana. Irrigation department identified present scheme for diverting about 100
TMC of water from Godavari River to irrigate about 9.36 lakh acres (New ayacut
and Stabilization) in in Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad
Districts. The present report deals with Phase-I of the Sita Rama Lift Irrigation
Scheme. Phase – I of this scheme covers command area of 2,72,921 Ha with new
ayacut of about 1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha.

3.2 GODAVARI RIVER SYSTEM

The river Godavari is an Inter State river, involving seven of the peninsular states,
namely Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Madhya Pradesh and Odisha.

About 64 km from its source, the Godavari receives the water of Darna river and at
a short distance lower down the river, it gets out of the high rainfall zone of the
Western Ghats and there is no further significant contribution to the river flow until
about 150 km below when it receives the combined waters of the Pravara and Mula
rivers. About 483 km lower down, Manjra river joins from the south. The river

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-1 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Pranahita conveying the combined waters of the rivers Penganga, Wardha and
Wainganga falls into the Godavari about 306 km below the confluence of Manjra
River. About 48 km lower, the Godavari receives the water of the Indrāvati River.
Both Pranahita and Indrāvati are major rivers in their own right. Sabari is the last
major tributary which falls into the Godavari 100 km above Rajahmundry.

The catchment of the first three sub-basins – the upper Godavari, the Pravara and
the Purna lies entirely in the State of Maharashtra. The drainage area of Manjira
sub-basin is contributed by the three states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and
Telangana. The middle Godavari sub-basin lies mainly in the state of Telangana.
The Manair sub-basin lies completely within Telangana while the drainage area of
Penganga sub-basin is contributed by Maharashtra and Telangana. Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra also contributes to Wardha and Pranahita sub-basins.
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh contribute to Lower Godavari sub-basin.
The catchment area of the Indravati sub-basin lies partly in Chhattisgarh and partly
in Odisha. The last sub-basin, Sabari lies in the territories of Andhra Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh and Odisha.

3.3 SHARING OF WATER OF GODAVARI BASIN AMONG THE PARTY

STATES

The competitive claims of the riparian states for the utilization of the waters of
Godavari River System have given rise to disputes among them in sharing of the
waters. During 1951, the Planning Commission convened a conference with the
representatives of the then riparian states of Bombay, Madras, Hyderabad, Madhya
Pradesh and Mysore and brought about an agreement on the utilization of these
waters.

However, subsequently with extensive territorial changes having come into force
with the formation of new states on account of States Reorganization, the newly
formed states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh became the riparian states in place of the old states
of Bombay, Madras, Hyderabad, Mysore etc. In view of such territorial changes in
the basin area, non-participation of the State of Odisha in the 1951 agreement and
Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-2 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

the growing demands towards the utilization of basin waters by the riparian states,
application for reference of the dispute to a Tribunal was made by the concerned
states. In April 1969, the Central Government constituted the Godavari Water
Disputes Tribunal and referred the disputes for adjudication.

Due to the pendency of this case before the tribunal, it was not possible for any
state to get any of its Projects on Godavari and its tributaries cleared for taking up
implementation, affecting the developmental activities in the basin. However,
while the dispute was before the Godavari water disputes tribunal, the party states
entered into a number of individual agreements from time to time for mutual
adjustment of their claims, to enable sanction of projects for the utilization of the
Godavari waters. The tribunal incorporated these agreements in their final
adjudications and award.

The allocation of water of Godavari as stipulated in Godavari Water Distribution

Tribunal Award among the party states is indicated in Annexure-3.1.

3.4 NET WATER AVAILABILITY AT THE PROPOSED SITE

The net availability of water to Telangana/Andhra Pradesh in the different sub

basins of Godavari and at the project sites has been assessed keeping in view
GWDT allocation of water for the upstream states.

As per the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDT) report, dated 06th October
1975, the State of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh have agreed to take up 3
projects namely (1) Lendi Project (2) Lower Penganga (3) Pranahita-Chevella
(alternatively proposed as Kaleshwaram Barrage) at appropriate time with agreed
water utilization.

The net water availability at 75% dependability at Dummugudem anicut for the
present purpose considering utilization under ongoing and planned projects as
mentioned above is 271.8 TMC and details of the same is described in Chapter 4-
Hydrology.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-3 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

ANNEXURE-3.1:

ALLOCATION OF WATER AS PER

GODAVARI WATER DISPUTES TRIBUNAL REPORT

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

ANNEXURE- 3.1
ALLOCATION OF WATER AS PER GODAVARI WATER DISPUTES TRIBUNAL REPORT (SHEET 1 OF 4)

Sl. SUB- BASIN AND TELANGANA +

MAHARASHTRA KARNATAKA
No. OPERATIVE AGREEMENT ANDHRAPRADESH

UPPER GODAVARI (G-1)

ALL WATERS UPTO
1. Clause I of Agreement between _ _
PAITHAN DAM
Mah. And AP Dtd. 6-10-1975

PRAVARA (G-2) ALL WATERS OF THE

2. Clause I of Agreement between ENTIRE PRAVARA SUB _ _
Mah and AP Dtd 6-10-1975 BASIN

PURNA (G-3)
ALL WATERS UPTO
3. Clause I of Agreement between _ _
SIDDES WAR DAM
Mah and AP Dtd 6-10-1975

i. 370 Mm3 (13.10 TMC) FOR

KARANJA PROJECT
i. 1642 Mm3 (58 TMC)
FOR NIZAMSAGAR ii. 33 Mm3 (1.17 TMC) FOR
MANJIRA (G-4) 3
622 Mm (22 TMC) ABOVE CHULINALA PROJECT
PROJECT
Clause II and III of Agreement NIZAMSAGAR DAM over
4. ii. 113 Mm3 (4 TMC) for iii. 28 Mm3(1 TMC) LIFT
between Mah and AP Dtd 6-10- and above sanctioned projects
SINGUR PROJECT IRRIGATION
1975 by 6-10-1975 (total 30 TMC)
FOR HYDERABAD iv. 70 Mm3(2.5 TMC) BELOW
WATER SUPPLY. NIZAMSAGAR

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-5 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Sl. SUB- BASIN AND TELANGANA +

MAHARASHTRA KARNATAKA
No. OPERATIVE AGREEMENT ANDHRAPRADESH
Total 501 Mm3

1633 Mm3 (60 TMC) share in

water below PAITHAN DAM,
G-1 , G-2, G3 , and G-4 Clause
SIDDESWAR DAM AND ALL REMAINING
5. II and III of Agreement between
NIZAM SAGAR DAM over WATERS
Mah and AP Dtd 6-10-1975
and above sanctioned projects
by 6-10-1975 (total 102 TMC)

MIDDLE GODAVARI(G-5)
Clause I of Agreement between 11.33 Mm3 (0.4 TMC) ALL REMAINING
6.
Mah AP & MP Dtd 19-12-1975 WATERS

MANER (G-6)
Clause II of Agreement between
7. ALL WATERS
Mah AP & MP Dtd 19-12-1975

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-6 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

ALLOCATION OF WATER AS PER GODAVARI WATER DISPUTES TRIBUNAL REPORT (SHEET 2 OF 4)

TELANGANA +
Sl.
SUB-BASIN MADHYA PRADESH MAHARASHTRA ANDHRA
No.
PRADESH
i. ALL WATERS UPTO
PENGANGA (G-7) LOWER PENGANGA, ALL
Clause III of WAGHADI REMAINING
8. Agreement between _ &SAIKHADI WATERS OF
Mah AP & MP Dtd DAMPROJECTS PENGANGA SUB
19-12-1975 ii. 255Mm3(9TMC) BELOW BASIN
THE ABOVE SITES.
i. ALL WATERS UPTO
WARDHA (G-8) ALL
3 TULNA, CHARGAM,
Clause IV of i. 255 Mm (9TMC) ABOVE UPPER WARDHA REMAINING
NIRGUDA, AND
9. Agreement between PROJECT WATERS OF
BHANDARA
Mah AP & MP Dtd ii. 28.3 Mm3(1TMC) IN REMAINING PORTION THE WARDHA
PROJECTS
19-12-1975 SUB BASIN.
ii. 736.24 Mm3 (26TMC)
i. ALL WATERS UPTO 5 SPECIFIED PROJECTS IN
KANHAL VALLEY.
ii. 396.44 Mm3 (14TMC) BELOW ABOVE PROJECTS
iii. ALL WATERS UPTO DHUTI WEIR AND 8
SPECIFIED PROJECTS IN WAINGANGA VALLEY.
PRANHITA (G-9) i. ALL WATERS UPTO 17
iv. ALL WATERS UPTO PUJARITOLA PROJECT ON
Clause V of SPECIFIED PROJECT ALL
BAGH RIVER.
10. Agreement between SITES REMAINING
v. ALL WATERS UPTO SITEKASA DAM ON
Mah AP & MP Dtd ii. 1161 Mm3 (41 TMC) WATERS
BAWANTHARI
19-12-1975 below the above projects
vi. ALL WATERS UPTO TOTLADOH ON PENCH
RIVER
vii. 1670.70Mm3(59TMC) BELOW ABOVE PROJECTS.
viii. 425 Mm3 (15TMC) RESERVED FOR
MAHARASHTRA as regulated supply from M. P
Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-7 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

ALLOCATION OF WATER AS PER GODAVARI WATER DISPUTES TRIBUNAL REPORT (SHEET 3 OF 4)

Sl. TELANGANA +
SUB-BASIN MAHARASHTRA CHHATTISGARH ODISHA
No. ANDHRA PRADESH
i. 141.59 Mm3 (5TMC)
LOWER FOR TALIPERU i. ALL WATERS
GODAVARI PROJECT UPTO 5 SPECIFIED
(G-10) ii. 2406.95 m3(85 TMC) PROJECT SITES IN
11. Clause VI of 28.3 Mm3 (1TMC) FOR THE AWARD. _
Agreement between INCHAMPALLY ii. 255Mm3(9TMC)
Mah AP & MP Dtd PROJECT BELOW ABOVE
19-12-1975 iii. ALL REMAINING PROJECTS.
WATERS
i. 7730.54Mm3
INDRAVATI i. ALL WATERS UPTO
(273TMC) UPTO
(G-11) UPPER INDRAVATI
i. 962.78 Mm3 (34TMC) BHOPALAPATNAM
Clause VII of ALL REMAINING PROJECTS SITES
UPTO PROJECT.
Agreement between WATERS OF ii. BALANCE WATER
BHOPALAPATNAM ii. ALL WATERS
Mah AP & MP Dtd INDRAVATI SUB- BELOW UPPER
12. PROJECT UPTO
19-12-1975 BASIN DOWNSTREAM INDRAVATI
ii. 198.22 Mm3 (7TMC) CHINTAVAGU,
Clause VII of OF BHOPALAPATNAM PROJECTS ATER
BELOW JALLAVAGU AND
Agreement between PROJECT. ENSURING 45 TMC
BHOPALAPATNAM KOTHAPALLI
Odisha and MP Dtd AT CHHATTISGARH
iii. 538 Mm3 (19TMC)
11-7-1979 BORDER
additional water

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-8 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

ALLOCATION OF WATER AS PER GODAVARI WATER DISPUTES TRIBUNAL REPORT (SHEET 4 OF 4)

Sl. TELANGANA +
SUB-BASIN CHHATTISGARH ODISHA
No. ANDHRA PRADESH
i. ALL WATERS UPTO COMMON
SABARI (G-12)
i. ALL WATERS UPTO BOUNDARY WITH CHHATTISGARH
Clause VIII of i. 56.63 Mm3 (2TMC)
BARUNADI, MUPARI, ii. ALL WATERS UP TO GOVINDAPALLI,
Agreement between UPTO MACHKUND
GORALI NADI, SATIGUDA, PARASONAPALLE AND
Mah AP & MP Dtd. PROJECT AND
SAILERUVAGU, POTTERU PROJECTS
19-12-1975 56.63 Mm3
ORDELTONS AND iii. 1132-68 Mm3 (40 TMC) DOWNSTREAM OF
Clause G12 of BETWEEN
JANAVAGU INTEGRATED ABOVE PROJECTS
13. Agreement between MACHKUND AND
PROJECTS iv. 764.56 Mm3 (27 TMC) BELOW ABOVE
Odisha& MP Dtd BALIMELA DAM 3
ii. 509.71 Mm (18 TMC) PROJECTS
11-7-1979 ii. ALL REMAINING
BELOW ABOVE PROJECTS v. 283.17 Mm3 (10 TMC) FOR EVAPORATION
Clause II of WATERS OF
iii. 283.1 Mm3 (10 TMC) FOR LOSSES FOR JOINT HYDRO-ELECTRIC
Agreement between SABARI SUB-
EVAPORATION LOSSES OF PROJECTS.
AP & OdishaDtd BASIN.
THE POWER ROJECTS vi. 56.63 Mm3 (2 TMC) BETWEEN
15-12-1978
MACHKUND AND BALIMELA DAMS.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-9 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

ANNEXURE-3.2:

SUB BASIN WISE – PROJECT WISE

WATER UTILIZATION
IN GODAVARI BASIN
BY
TELANGANA &ANDHRA PRADESH STATE

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-10

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

WATER AVAILABILITY TO TELANGANA + ANDHRA PRADESH AS PER GWDT REPORT (G-5 to G-12)

AS PER WAPCOS STUDY

75% dependable Share of

Sub basin Area in sq.km Utilization Balance
Yield(MCM) Telangana + AP
MCM TMC TMC TMC

G-5(Below Yellampally) G-5 20.37 0 20.37

Penganga G-7 23854 3840.51 1101.08 38.88 10.56 28.32

Wardha G-8 24016 4800 555.76 19.63 0.90 18.73
The utilization is
Pranahita G-9 61819 23633.22 7730.93 273.02 191.09 81.93 inclusive of
Kaleshwaram Project

Utilization up to
Lower Godavari G-10 24963 6548.23 5974.12 210.97 301.76 90.79
Indira Sagar Project

Indravati G-11 40939 20872.5 7933.04 280.15 0 280.15

Sabari G-12 20427 11138.2 4195.63 148.17 26.52 121.65
Total 196018 70832.66 27490 970.82 530.83 460.36
Polavaram Utilization -474.00
Net Deficit From G-5 to G-12 -13.64

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-11 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

PENGANGA - (G - 7)
Name of the
Existing On going Future Inter State Aspects
project
MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement

1) All water upto Lower Penganga,Waghadi

Major Lower penganga - - - 144.96 5.12 Maharashtra
and Saikheda dam project

Medium Satnala 58.00 2.05 - - 2) 255 MCM below the above sites

Telangana
State +
Mathadivagu - - 25.63 0.91 All remaining waters
Andhra
Pradesh

Minor 57.20 2.02 6.7 0.24 6.6 0.23

Sub
4.07 0.24 6.26
total

Total 10.56 TMC

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-12 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

WARDHA SUB BASIN - (G-8)

Name of the
Existing On going Future Inter State Aspects
project
MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement

Madhya Pradesh
1) 255 MCM (9TMC) above Upper Wardha
Minor 24.00 0.85 - - 1.5 0.05
Project

2) 28.3 MCM (1TMC) in remaining portion

1) All water up to Tulna, Ghargam, Nirguda and

Maharashtra
Bhandara Projects

2) 736.24 Mm3 (26 TMC)

Telangana
State +
All Remaining Water
Andhra
Pradesh
Sub
0.85 0.05
total
Total 0.90 TMC

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-13 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Pranahitha Sub Basin-(G-9)

Name of the Project Existing Ongoing Future Inter State Aspects

MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement

Major KaleshwaramProject 4530.65 160.00

i) All Waters upto 5 Specified

Medium Vattivagu Stage - I & II 84.1 2.97
Projects in Kanhan Valley.
ii) 396.44 Mm3 (14 TMC) below
Chelimalavagu 16.11 0.57
above projects
iii) All waters up toDhuti weir across
Erravagu - 31.34 1.10677 Wainganga and 8 specified projects

Madhya Pradesh
in Wainganga Valley.
iv) All waters up toPujaritola Project
Peddavagu at Borepalli - - 20.95 0.74
on Bagh river.
v) All waters up toSitekasa dam on
Peddavagu at Wandan - - 37.37 1.32
Bawanthari
vi) All waters up toTotladoh on
Palavagu - - 27.46 0.97
Pench river
vii) 670.70 Mm3 (59 TMC) below
Peddavagu - Ada - - 243.49 8.60
above projects
i) 425 Mm3 (15TMC) regulated

Mahar
ashtra
Peddavagu - Neelawai - - 48.87 1.73
supply from MP

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-14 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Pranahitha Sub Basin-(G-9)

Name of the Project Existing Ongoing Future Inter State Aspects

MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement

Peddavagu - ii) All waters upto 17 specified
- - 30.41 1.07
Jagannadapur project sites
iii) 1161 Mm3 (41 TMC) below the
Peddavagu - Dasanapur - - 31.99 1.13
above projects
Telangana
State +
Peddavagu - Barkagudem - - 28.82 1.02 i) All remaining waters
Andhra
Pradesh
Minor 226.6 8.00 26.7 0.94 26.10 0.92

Sub
11.54 2.05 177.50
Total
Total 191.09 TMC
Inclusive of
Kaleshwaram Project

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-15 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Lower Godavari - (G - 10)

Existing Ongoing Future
Name of the Project
MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC Entitlement

Major

Kinnerasani 230.46 8.139 28.31 Mm3 (1 TMC)

i) All Water upto 5 Specified
Projects sites as under
a) Mukpara (Sankampalli) dam
site across Talperu river near
village Mallepalli.
Lat. 18o - 36' - 43" N and Long.
Inchampalli 2406.60 84.99
80 o - 56' - 45" E.
b) Tummalvagu dam site across
Inchampalli EVP 1251.70 44.20 Tummaivagu near village
Junaguda.
Lat. 18o - 25' - 33" N and Long.
81 o - 03' - 32" E.
GLIS 1078.84 38.18 c) Joranvagu Integrated Project
i) Joranvagu dam site across
Joranvagu near village Durma.
Lat. 18o - 27' - 26" N and Long.
81 o - 13' - 36" E.
ii) Dhondivagu dam site across
Singureddipalli Eva 283.20 10.00 Dhondivagu near village
kamaram

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-16 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Lower Godavari - (G - 10)

Existing Ongoing Future
Name of the Project
MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC Entitlement
Lat. 18o - 24' - 10" N and Long.
Dummugudem Eva 283.20 10.00
81 o - 13' - 20" E.
Rajiv Sagar LI Scheme
from Dummugudem 565.04 16.00
Reservoir

Indira Sagar LI Scheme

565.04 16.00
from Indirasagar Project

Medium Laknavaram 45.02 1.590 d) Malavagu Project

Malavagu dam site across
Taliperu 123.78 4.371
Malavagu near
0 Village Chintainar
Peddavagu - Lat. 18 o - 21' - 35" N and Long
41.34 1.46
Gummadipalli 81o - 11' - 48" E.
Malluruvagu 22.12 0.781 e) Raspalle Project
Raspalle dam site across
Mukkamamidi 14.55 0.514 tributary of Chinta river near
village Raspalle
Lat. 18o - 12' - 0" and Long. 80o
Gundallavagu 6.91 0.244027
- 58' - 38" E.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-17 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Lower Godavari - (G - 10)

Existing Ongoing Future
Name of the Project
MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC Entitlement
ii) 255 Mm3 (9 TMC) below
0.000
above projects
i) 141.59 Mm3 (5 TMC) for
Telperu project
ii) 2406.95 Mm3 (85 TMC) for
Modikuntavagu 92.50 3.2666375
Inchampalli Project
0.000 iii) All Remaining Water
Peddavagu - Sangampalli 36.52 1.2897038
Cherukupalli 51.00 1.801065
AlluguVagu 28.30 0.9994145
Pallemvagu 61.64 2.1768166
MurreduvaguAnicut 24.18 0.8539167
0.000
KaiperuVagu 30.58 1.0799327
Minor Minor 949.81 33.543 0.000 0.000
Maharashtra
Maharashtra &Chattisgarh 574.11 20.275
&Chattisgarh
Sub Total 70.675 0.24 230.84
Total 301.76 TMC

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-18 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Indravathi Sub Basin - (G - 11)

Existing Ongoing Future Inter State Aspects

Name of the
Project
MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement

Major i) All Waters up to Upper Indravati Project sites

Odisha
ii) Balance water below Upper Indravati Project after
ensuring 45 TMC ar Chhattisgarh border
i) 7730.4 Mm3 (273 TMC) up toBhopalapatnam
Project
Chhattisgarh ii) All waters up toChintavagu, Jallavagu and
Kothapalli
iii) 538 Mm3 (19 TMC) additional water
Maharashtra i) 962.78 Mm3 (34 TMC) up toBhopalapatnam project
ii) 198.22 Mm3 (7 TMC) below Bhopalapatnam
project
Telangana
State +
All Remaining water
Andhra
Pradesh

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-19 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Sabari Sub Basin - (G - 12)

Name of the Existing Ongoing Future Inter State Aspects
Project MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement
i) All water up to common boundary
Machkund between Odisha and Chhattisgarh (near
Major 79.28 2.799773
HES ¶ about Lat. 18o 55' 04" N and Long. 82o
14' 55" E)
ii) 764.56 Mm3 (27 TMC) below the above
Balimala
118.91 4.199307 point and up to the confluence of the sileru
HES ¶
and the Sabari.
Upper Sileru
14.16 0.50006 iii) All water up to
HES ¶
Lower Sileru
33.13 1.169986 a) Govindapalle Project on:
HES ¶ Odisha
Sileru Dharmgeddanalla site near Lingiyapur
Diversion 98.10 3.464402 village Lat. 18o 36' 07" and Long. 82o 16'
Scheme¶ 11" E.
Jamnadi site near Govindpalli village Lat.
18o 36' 13" N and Long 82o 16' 48" E.
Garianadi site near Deraguda village Lat.
Medium
18o 34' 03" and Long. 82o 17' 18" E.
b) Satiguda Project site on the tributary of
Potteruvagu. Lat. 18o 18' 57" and Long.
81o 36' 44" E.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-20 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Name of the Existing Ongoing Future Inter State Aspects

Project MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement
c) Parasanapalli Project site on the
tributary of Sabari near village
Minor 406.1 14.34142 0.90 0.031784 0.50 0.017658
Parnsanapalli. Lat. 18o 16' 44" and Long.
81o 36' 44" E.
d) Potteru Project site on Potteruvagu near
Surliuknta village. Lat. 18o 12' 30" and
Long. 82o 01' " E.

iv) 1132.68 Mm3 (40 TMC) downstream

of above projects.
Sub Total 23.01055 0.031784 3.482059
Total 26.52439
v) 283.2 Mm3 (10 TMC) for evaporation
losses for joint hydroelectric projects.
vi) 56.63 Mm3 (2 TMC) up toMachkund
Odisha
project
vii) 56.63 Mm3 (2TMC) between
Machkund and Balinala dam

Chhattisga
i) All water up to

rh
a) BaruNadi integrated Project.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-21 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Name of the Existing Ongoing Future Inter State Aspects

Project MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement
i) Barunadi site across Baru river near
village Tankavada. Lat. 18o 45' 33" N and
Long. 81o 48' 50" E.
ii) Bhimsen storage site across Bhimsen
near village Bodavad. Lat. 18o 45' 0" N
and Long. 81o 55' 46" E.
iii) Kudripal Pickup weir site across Baru
river near village Kudripal. Lat. 18o 40'
42" N and Long. 81o 51' 30" E.
b) Mupari Project site across Mupari
(Jamair) river near village Jamair. Lat. 18o
42' 30" N and Long. 81o 45' 0" E.
c) GoraliNadi Project
i) Gorali dam site across GoraliNadi near
village Kanjipani. Lat. 18o 32' 43" N and
Long. 81o 40' 55" E.
ii) Andumpal dam site across Pulnadi near
village Andumpal. Lat. 18o 34' 43" N and
Long. 81o 42' 0" E.
d) Sailervagu integrated project.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-22 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Name of the Existing Ongoing Future Inter State Aspects

Project MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement
i) Mankapal dam site across Malengar
river near village Munkapal. Lat. 18o 32'
06" N and Long. 81o 29' 26" E.
ii) Sailervagu dam site across Sailervagu
near village Palla. Lat. 18o 26' 12" N and
Long. 81o 31' 38" E.
e) Ordeltong integrated Project

i) Ordeltong dam site across tributary of

Tinarayavagu near village Ordeltong. Lat.
8o 13' 24" N and Long. 81o 24' 06" E.

ii) Tinarayavagu dam site across

Chhattisgarh
Tinarayavagu near village Korrapal. Lat.
18o 11' 0" N and Long. 81o 18' 56" E.

f) Janavagu Integrated Project

i) Janavagu dam site across janavagu near
village Gorkha. Lat. 17o 57' 24" N and
Long. 81o 20' 15" E.
ii) Elemmaduguvagu dam site across
Elemmaduguvagu near Jarputvilage. Lat.
18o 03' 42" N and Long. 81o 18' 09" E.
iii) 509.71 Mm3 (18 TMC) below above
project.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-23 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT(PHASE-I)

Name of the Existing Ongoing Future Inter State Aspects

Project MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC State Entitlement
iv) 283.2 Mm3 (10 TMC) for evaporation
losses of power projects across the Sabari.
i) 56.63 Mm3 (2 TMC) up to Machkund
Project
Telangana
State + ii) 56.63 Mm3 (2 TMC) between
Andhra Machkund and Belimela dam
Pradesh
iii) All remaining Water.

Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-24 WAPCOS Limited

4. HYDROLOGY
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

CHAPTER–4

HYDROLOGY

4.1. GENERAL

The present scheme is proposed to integrate not only the Ayacut of earlier
proposed Rajiv Sagar and Indira sagar Lift irrigation projects but also the Gap
Ayacut of Khammam District which are not being covered by any other scheme.
Besides this, the stabilization of command area of the some of the existing schemes
are also proposed to be covered under this scheme. It is in this context the present
scheme is now named as Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme and is formulated to
irrigate about 9.36 Lakh Acres (including New Ayacut and Stabilization) of
Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts of Telangana.

Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project is proposed to withdraw water from Godavari
River U/S of existing Dummugudem Anicut which was constructed during British
regime to facilitate Navigation in the river. The Dummugudem Anicut is located at
Dummugudem Mandal in Bhadradri kothagudem district at 17°52′26″ N and
80°53′6″ E.

The project has been planned to execute in two phases. Phase – I of the Sita Rama
Lift Irrigation Scheme will cover the Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem &
Mahabubabad Districts whereas Phase – II will cover the same Districts. Phase – I
of this scheme covers command area of 2,72,921 Ha with new ayacut of about
1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha. The present report deals with
Phase-I of the Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme.

As far as the water availability studies is concerned, it is function of many factors

including magnitude and pattern of river flow, catchment characteristics (such as
size and shape of watershed, rainfall functional type, slope of the river), capacity of
the diversion canal (or capacity of pumps) if any, besides U/S and D/S water
allocations for existing and future projects for irrigation and other uses.

Chapter-4: Hydrology 4-1 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

4.2. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED TO ARRIVE AT THE NET AVAILABILITY

OF WATER AT DUMMUGUDEM ANICUT

The hydrological studies are proposed to be done by the method of decomposition

and re-composition on the basis of the location of hydrological observation stations
maintained by CWC on the main Godavari and Tributaries (Sub-basins). The sub
basins for the study up to Perur on main Godavari are as under.

Table No 4.1 – Sub basin Classification upto Perur

Sl. No. Sub Basin Description
The river Godavari from source to confluence with
1 Upper Godavari
Manjra excluding Pravara, Purna & Manjra)
2 Pravara Pravara up to confluence with Godavari
3 Purna The entire catchment of Purna
4 Manjra The entire catchment of Manjra
The Catchment from confluence with Manjra to its
5 Middle Godavari
confluence with Pranahita
6 Manair The Manair from source to confluence with Godavari
The catchment of Penganga from source to
7 Penganga
confluence with Wardha
Catchment of Wardha up to confluence with
8 Wardha
Pranahita
Catchment of Pranahita up to confluence with
9 Pranahita
Godavari
Catchment of Indrāvati up to confluence with
10 Indrāvati
Godavari

The Godavari basin marking the sub basins as above is given as Plate 4.1. The
Schematic diagram of the Godavari river system showing Rain gauge stations,
Isohyetal map of Normal rainfall of Godavari basin and Map of Gauge and
Discharge stations in the basin are given in Plate 4.2 and Plate 4.3 respectively.
The rain gauges and hydrological observation stations that can be considered for
carrying out the hydrological studies of the project are given in Annexure 4.1 and
Annexure 4.2 respectively. The observed flow data at Perur is being used for
assessing the availability of water at project site. The observed flow (monthly) data
at Perur for the period from 1966-67 to 2012-13 (47 years) is given in Annexure
4.3.

Chapter-4: Hydrology 4-2 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

4.2.1. WATER AVAILABILITY AT DUMMUGUDEM ANICUT

a) Data Consistency

For this study, the flow data of the CWC hydrological observation station namely
Polavarm, Koida, Perur, Somanpally and Mancherial are used. The consistency
check has been carried out by specific flow analysis and results are as under.

Table 4.2 - Specific Flows at Perur and adjoining sites on Godavari (ltrs/sec/sq.km)

Site
Month Polavaram Koida Perur Somanpally Mancherial
June 849063 1054733 741896 70863 744961
July 6028669 6389981 4842500 492870 4762343
August 11797621 13331942 9577856 1310953 9535893
September 8466875 8628774 6919188 1303360 6624625
October 3510786 3685957 2685605 728491 2542218
November 917938 985203 692229 131444 648804
December 520585 571369 297399 57205 292174
January 368891 418548 194261 36305 180408
February 307902 367431 156317 33347 148778
March 262016 323890 111149 31618 107964
April 239875 271049 70361 17825 66069
May 225242 272569 63085 11180 53632

The graphical representation of the results is given as Fig 4.1 to Fig 4.6

Fig 4.1

Chapter-4: Hydrology 4-3 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Fig 4.2

Fig 4.3

Fig 4.4

Chapter-4: Hydrology 4-4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Fig 4.5

Fig 4.6

b) Net Water Availability at Dummugudem Anicut

As already mentioned the Perur G&D site (2,68,200 sq.km) maintained by Central
Water Commission falls in the upstream of the project site. It is decided to consider
the data at Perur for assessing the net availability of water at the project site taking
into account the utilization under ongoing and planned projects as the existing
utilization is already reflected in the observed data at Perur. The utilization likely
to take place under ongoing and planned in the sub basins above perur are as
under.
Chapter-4: Hydrology 4-5 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Table No. 4.3 - Utilization in sub basins

Proposed Total Utilisation
Proposed Utilisation
Utilisation for for Ongoing and
Sub basin for Ongoing Projects
Future Projects Proposed projects
MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC
Indravati 255.0 9.0 9827.0 347.0 10082.0 356.0
Penganga 1664.7 58.8 1562.6 55.2 3227.3 114.0
Wardha 1643.0 58.0 515.5 18.2 2158.5 76.2
Pranahita 4940.0 174.4 7765.4 274.2 12705.4 448.6
Middle Godavari 1806.3 63.8 1927.9 68.1 3734.2 131.9
Maner 3.9 0.1 4.4 0.2 8.3 0.3
Sub Total 10312.9 364.1 21602.8 763.0 31915.7 1127.1

The observed flow data at Perur (CA – 2,68,200 sq.km) has been reduced pro rata
at Dummugudem project site (CA-2,81,000 sq.km) and the 75% dependable flow
at the site is 1609 TMC (Annexure 4.4). The net water availability at
Dummugudem anicut for the present purpose considering utilization under ongoing
and planned projects as mentioned above are given in the Tabular form given
under.

Table No. 4.4 - Net availability of water at Dummugudem Anicut

75% Proposed Net
dependable Planned Upstream Proposed
Utilisation Availability at
flow at Perur Commitments Utilisation
Units for Dummugudem
reduced pro for Future
rata at
Ongoing at 75%
Projects
Dummugudem Kaleswaram Devadula Projects dependability
MCM 45558 4531 1416 10312.9 21602.75 7696
TMC 1609 160 50 364.2 762.9 271.8

4.3. SEDIMENTATION

Since the structure at Dummugudem is only an anicut, the chance of facing any
problem on account of sedimentation is quite remote and if at all encountered it is
going to be quite insignificant. Therefore, detailed sedimentation study is perhaps
not needed.

Chapter-4: Hydrology 4-6 WAPCOS Limited

 Plate 4.1
75° 77° 78° 81° 80° 81° 82° 83° 84°
73° 74° 76° 24°
24°

23° 23°

MADHYA PRADESH

22° 22°

N A
NH
KA
V ER
RI
A
NG
GA
N
AI
R.

W
GH
21° 21°

BA
M A H A R A S H T R A W
G-8(WARDHA)
A G-9 (PRANHITA)

A
RD CHHATTISGARH
HA

NN
R.

WU
AR
AN .
NI R
THA
KO
PU
R
N
GODAVARI RIVER A
20° R. 20°
R
G-1(UPPER GODAVARI) PENGANGA R
IVE
PE
G-3(PURNA) NG G-7(PENGANGA) NIBRA R.
AN ORISSA
GA
PRAVARA RIVER GO
DA R
VA
MA

RI
RK

G-2(PRAVARA) R
R.
AN

A
DI

RIVER G-11(INDRAVATI)
MULA
NHIT

INDRAVATI RIVER
P RA

GO S IDD
HA R
DA .
19° V 19°
AR
IR NA
IV
ER
CH ND
IN IR
G-5(MIDDLE GODAVARI) TA AJ
R. R.

MANJRA
U

RIV
LENDI
G

ER R.
PROJECT ER
OD
P ER

G-4(MANJRA) MAN
AV
TAL

G-10
AR
IR

G-6(MANER)
IV
ER

G-12 (SABARI)
R

POTTERU
RIV

VAGU
(LOWER GODAVARI) ER
RIV
A RI

18° U 18°
HA
LD ER
SIL
S AB

IR
M .
AN LEGEND
JR MU
A RR
R. ED RU STATEBOURDARY
R. LE
MU BASINBOURDARY
PA
DU

SUB-BASINBOURDARY
BE
UR

RIVERS
M

ANDHRA PRADESH
KARNATAKA
17° 17°

GODAVARI BASIN
SCALE L
KM 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 KM
A
NG
BE
F
YO
BA WAPCOS
16° 16°
73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 81° 82° 83° 84°
79° 80°
 PLATE 4.2

73°
74° 75° 84°
23° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81° 82° 83°
23°

NEOLARI
AMARWARA
MADHYA PRADESH ROOMAL
JAMUNIA
22° CHHINDWARA SEONI DHUTI
CHAURAI DORI 22°
CHINCHBUND
KHATTANJHIRI
BALAGHAT
MULTAI
ATNER SAUSAR WARASEONI DONGARGAON
DEOLAPAR WARANAIN
CHANDPUR KHYRBUND
BARUD LANJI
SAONER RAMTEK GONDIA
MORSI BODALKASA
CHANDUR BAZAR PARSEONI
KATOL THARSA CHORKHAMARA
NAGPUR BHANDARA CHHATTISGARH
21° M A H A R A S H T R A DEORI 21°
SAKOLI
AMRAOTI ARVI KHARANGHI
KHOLAPUR
JAMNER BADNER UMRER
KHAMGAON MURTIJAPUR CHANDUR RLY PAUNI
WARDHA
PACHORA AKOLA
KALVAN DHAMANGAON TALEGAON
MALEGAON
BULDHANA
G-8(WARDHA) BRAHMAPUR
CHALISGAON NEB HINGANGHAT
PATUR CHIMUR GHORAJHERI
CHAMDOR
NAND GAON DARWHA YEDTMAL
DINDORI KANNOD SILLOD CHIKHLI G-9 (PRANHITA)
PIMPALGAON DANEGAON MANGRULPUR WARORA BHANUPRATAPUR
OZAR AERO. NIPHAD BOLTHAN SIRPUR SINDE WAHI ASOLA
20° YEOLA KHULDABAD DEOLGAONRAJA DIGRAS KESKAL
NASIK WASHIM
TRIMBAK KOLEGAON KOPARGAON PANDERKOWRA WANI NALESAR ANTAGARH 20°
AURANGABAD LONAR RISAD G-7(PENGANGA) CHANDRA PUR
SIN NAR VAIJAPUR PUSAD
IGATPURI
G-3(PURNA) HINGOLI NARAYAN PUR
SANGAMNER GANGAPUR
AKOLA KALMANOOR G-11(INDRAVATI)
NEVASA PAITHAN SIDHESHWAR UMARKHED ADILABAD
G-2(PRAVARA) SHRI RAMPUR KONADA GAON
SIRPUR
RAHURI SHEV GAON OOTNOOR ASIFABAD
GEORAI BOATH KASHIPUR
PATHARDI SWARNAPI NAVRANG PUR
G-1(UPPER MANJLEGAON PARBHANI
19° GODAVARI) NANDED G-5(MIDDLE GODAVARI)INDANAPALLI
JOWLYNALLAKHANAPUR JAGDAL PUR 19°
BHIR LINGAPUR
KANDHAR MUDHOLE DOOD GAON
MAGADI UPLOOR KADDAM BHOPAL PATNAM JEYPORE
PATODA MALEGAON JAGTIAL MANCHERIAL
MOMINABAD BILLOLI ARMOOR ANKASPUR LUXETTIPET CHINNUR BIJAPUR DANTEWARA KORAPUT
CHOWSALA NAVIPET RAMGUNDAM
SHRI GONDA NIZAMABAD
KALLAM BODHAN AMBARI PET MAHADEVPUR
CHINTAKUNTA POTANGI
SULTANABAD MANTHANI
DEGLOOR MANCHAPPA NARAYANPUR
G-4(MANJRA) BOMENDRA PALLI SIRSILLA KARIMNAGAR RAMPUR NUGURU G-12 (SABARI)
BANSWADA KESHAPATNAM SUKMA
VAGU PROJECT G-10 (LOWER MALKAN GIRI
KAMAREDDY (MANER) PALAMPET ARAKUVALLEY
GUNKAL G-6 HAZURABAD GODAVARI)
MANAIR SHAMIGARAM MULUG
18° SANTHPUR ROYANPALLI PARKAL LAKHNAVARAM PADARU
SIDDIPET HANAMKUNDA SALII VAGU CHERLA 18°
BHALKI BIDAR MEDAK PROJECT
NAGASANIPALLI ANANTAGIRI RAIWADA CAMP
WARANGAL DUMMGUDEM CHINTAPALLI
ANDOLE GAJWEL TULABADA
KINNERSANI(P) KONTA KALYANPURAM
SANGAREDDY ANKAPALLE
ZAHIRABAD BHADRACHALLAM TANDAVA DAM SITE
NARASAPUR PALANCHU NARASAPATAM
CHODYAN
BURGAMPAD
ALLIPALLI ANNAVARAM
SINGABUPALAYAM YELLAVARAM
GUNDLA
THANIKALLA
POLAVARAM PRATHIPADU
17°
ANDHRA PRA DESH GOPALPURAM PEDDAPURAM
KARNATAKA KOVVUR 17°
BOWLESHWARAM
NIDADAVOLE
CHINTAPALLI
RALLI
DUVVA RAMCHANDRA PURAM
TANUKU KOTHAPET
MUMMIDI
VARAM
BHIMAVARAM LAKSHMIPALAM
AL
NG
BE
F
YO
16° BA
16°
73°
74° 75° 84°
76° 77° 78° 79° 82° 83°
80° 81°
 PLATE 4.3

73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81° 82° 83° 84°
23° 23°

MADHYA PRADESH 42

22° 22°

WAIN
GA
NG
41
39

A RIVER
G-9 (PRANHITA)

KA
40

AI
N
CHHATTIS GARH

NH
AN
GA
32

WA
NG
A
21° 38 21°

RI

RDH
ER V

AR
.
MAHARASHTRA
G-8(WARDHA) 37 36
31

BRA
GA
RH
I

KHO

WUN
30

NA
26

PU
G O D A V A R I R.
57 35

R
AR 34

NA
L.
28 AN

R.
20° 20°

MU
PENGAN
G-1(UPPER GODAVARI) GA
RI 25 29
VE
G-3(PURNA) G-7(PENGANGA) R
55 P EN
GA
G-2(PRAVARA) R. DU NG ORISSA
M RA DH A 24 33
UL
A A GOD NA R27
. G-11(INDRAVATI)
C.W.C. G & D SITES 56 AV AVA
MA

PR RI
1. POLAVARAM
RK

EL

A
2. KOIDA G-5 23 11 SK
AN

3. KONTA 54 51 BA
DI

GO
4. INJARAM 52 (MIDDLE
TI

NHIT
DA
10 16 18
5. POTTERU 22
VA
6. SARADAPUT
VA
GODAVARI) 15 20

PRA
RI
RA
7. SANGAM RI 13
19° 8. PERUR VE
R
19 19°
9. PATHAGUDEM 53 IND JOURNALA
10. MEDAPALLI
50 21 12
45 17
11. MEDADAPALLI MAN 46 9
12. TUMNAR JRA R
IVE
13. CHINDNAR R MANAR
14. CHERRIBEDA

AGU
15. AMABAL 49 44 43 8 BA
16. SONARPAL
RD 6

DAV
R
HA
17. JAGDALPUR 47 14
NE

18. KOSAGUMDA

PED
19. MURTHAHANDI G-12(SABARI)
MA

20. NOWRANGPUR G-4(MANJRA) R

I

21.TEKRA G-6(MANER) VE
22. BHATPALLI
23. SIRPUR 48
ARI R

24. BAMNI 5
18° 25. PENGANGA BRIDGE 18°
G-10
SAB

26. MANGRUL 4
27. MARLEGOAN (LOWER
28. KANHARGAON
29. GHUGUS GODAVARI) 3
30. NANDGOAN
U

31. HIVRA
BED

32. BHISNUR
33. ASHTI 2
UR
M

34. RAJOLI
35. WAIRAGARH 7
36. SALEBARDI
37. PAUNI 1
38. SATRAPUR
39. RAMAKONA ANDHRA PRADESH
40. RAJEGON
KARNATAKA
17° 41. KUMHARI 17°
42. KEOLARI
43. SOMANPALLI
44. MANCHERIAL
45. GANDLAPET
46. BETMOGRA SCALE
47. DEGLOOR
48. SAIGAON KM 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 KM
L
49. BHAIKHEDA GA
50. YELLI N
51. PURNA BE
52. ZARI F
53. G.R BRIDGE
54. DHALEGAON YO
55. PACHEGAON
56. GHAR GHAON BA
57. CHASS
16° 16°
73° 84°
74° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80° 81° 82° 83°
 ANNEXURE - 4.1
Details of CWC G & D Sites in Godavari Basin

Sl.No. Site Name Code Data Available In between missing years

From To From To
1 Amabal AGC90C8 1994-95 1997-98 - -
2 Ashti AGH40A4 1965-66 1997-98 - -
3 Ashwi AGU00N3 1972-73 1995-96 - -
4 Babli NA 1965-66 1977-78 - -
5 Badegaon AGG30S1 1989-90 1991-92 - -
6 Bamni AGH30E2 1965-66 1997-98 - -
7 Basar NA 1967-68 1981-82 - -
8 Bhatpalli AGH10L0 1991-92 1997-98 - -
9 Betmogra AGP10F7 1987-88 1997-98 - -
10 Bhatkheda AGP00R7 1991-92 1997-98 - -
11 Bhisnur AGH30S9 1988-89 1997-98 - -
12 Chass AG000Y5 1972-73 1997-98 - -
13 Cherla AGE00C6 1967-68 1988-89 - -
14 Cherribeda NA 1997-98 1997-98 - -
15 Chindnar AGG00N7 1971-72 1997-98 - -
16 Degloor AGP20F4 1987-88 1997-98 - -
17 Dhalegaon AG000S9 1965-66 1997-98 - -
18 G.R.Bridge AG000R6 1976-77 1997-98 - -
19 Gandlapet AGM00G6 1987-88 1997-98 - -
20 Ghargaon AGU10R6 1994-95 1997-98 - -
21 Ghugus AGH30F6 1965-66 1997-98 - -
22 Hivra AGH30Q1 1988-89 1997-98 - -
23 Injaram AGC00D2 1965-66 1997-98 - -
24 Jagdalpur AGG00R9 1965-67 1997-99 - -
25 Jalaput NA 1966-67 1973-74 - -
26 Kaigaon NA 1965-66 1966-67 - -
27 Kanhargaon AGH32R8 1992-93 1997-98 - -
28 Karodi AGH32P3 1968-69 1991-92 - -
29 Keolari AGH40V3 1988-89 1997-98 - -
30 Koida AG000C7 1977-78 1997-98 - -
31 Konta AGC00C5 1965-66 1997-98 1977-78 1977-78
32 Kosagumda NA 1997-98 1997-98 - -
33 Kotta AGC00V6 1969-70 1990-91 - -
34 Kumhari AGH40R6 1988-89 1997-98 - -
35 Mancherial AG000J3 1966-67 1997-98 - -
36 Mangrul (Taroda) AGH35G0 1992-93 1997-98 - -
37 Manjlegaon AGS00C5 1965-66 1995-96 - -
38 Marlegaon AGH32N7 1965-66 1997-98 - -
39 Medadapalli AGG00F2 1973-74 1997-98 - -
40 Medapalli AGG40A7 1966-67 1997-98 - -
41 Murthahandi AGC40E9 1989-90 1997-98 - -
42 Nandgaon AGH3AF4 1988-89 1997-98 - -
43 Nil Konda NA 1969-70 1972-73 - -

1 of 2
Sl.No. Site Name Code Data Available In between missing years

44 Nowrangpur AGG00U7 1965-66 1997-98 - -

45 Pachegaon AGU00D3 1983-84 1997-98 - -
From To From To
46 Pathagudam AGG00B5 1965-66 1997-98 - -
47 Pauni AGH40I8 1965-66 1997-98 - -
48 Penganga Bridge AGH32D5 1965-66 1997-98 1987-88 1987-88
49 Perur AG000G7 1965-66 1997-98 - -
50 Phalla NA 1966-67 1975-76 - -
51 Pochavaram NA 1965-66 1976-77 - -
52 Polavaram AG000C3 1965-66 1997-98 - -
53 Potteru AGC20H2 1997-98 1997-98 - -
54 Purna AGR00A5 1969-70 1997-98 - -
55 Raipally NA 1965-66 1986-87 - -
56 Rajegaon AGH4MC3 1988-89 1997-98 - -
57 Rajoli AGH41Q4 1988-89 1997-98 - -
58 Ramakona AGH4BQ3 1988-89 1997-98 - -
59 Saigaon AGP00N8 1967-68 1997-98 - -
60 Salebardi AGH49I1 1988-89 1997-98 - -
61 Sardaput AGC00N4 1970-71 1997-98 - -
62 Satrapur(K.R.Brid AGH4BF6 1988-89 1997-98 - -
63 Sirpur AGH30B6 1967-68 1997-98 1987-88 1987-88
64 Sirpur Kagaznaga AGH10L0 1988-89 1990-91 - -
65 Somanpally AGI00C3 1966-67 1997-98 - -
66 Sonarpal AGG91F2 1994-95 1997-98 - -
67 Sangam NA 1996-97 1997-98 - -
68 Tegada NA 1970-71 1971-72 - -
69 Tekra AGH00C4 1965-66 1997-98 - -
70 Toka NA 1967-68 1974-75 - -
71 Tumnar AGG60B1 1993-94 1997-98 - -
72 Umari AGH4FE4 1988-89 1989-90 - -
73 Wairagarh AGH46D4 1992-93 1997-98 - -
74 Yelli AG000P3 1979-80 1997-98 - -
75 Zari AGR10C6 1987-88 1997-98 - -

2 of 2
 Annex 4.2

List of Raingauge Stations whose monthly rainfall data used in the study

IMD CAT STATE DISTRICT STATION NAME SOURCE FROM. ..TO..

NO. YEAR YEAR
314 AP ADILABAD ADILABAD 1941 1970
314 AP ADILABAD ADILABAD REV 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD ASIFABAD PWD 1957 1994
313 AP ADILABAD ASIFABAD REV 1941 1992
313 AP ADILABAD BOATH 1952 1970
313 AP ADILABAD BOATH REV 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD CHINNUR 1951 1970
313 AP ADILABAD CHINNUR REV 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD INDANAPALLI 1962 1970
313 AP ADILABAD INDANAPALLI PWD 1971 1987
313 AP ADILABAD JOWLYNALLA 1941 1970
313 AP ADILABAD JOWLYNALLA PWD 1971 1988
313 AP ADILABAD KADDAM 1957 1970
313 AP ADILABAD KADDAM PWD 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD KHANAPUR 1957 1970
313 AP ADILABAD KHANAPUR REV 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD LINGAPUR 1961 1970
313 AP ADILABAD LINGAPUR PWD 1971 1990
313 AP ADILABAD LUXETTIPET 1952 1970
313 AP ADILABAD LUXETTIPET REV 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD MANCHERIAL PWD 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD MANCHERIAL 1951 1970
313 AP ADILABAD MUDHOLE 1951 1970
313 AP ADILABAD MUDHOLE REV 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD OOTNOOR REV 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD OOTNOOR 1951 1970
314 AP ADILABAD SIRPUR 1951 1970
314 AP ADILABAD SIRPUR REV 1971 1994
313 AP ADILABAD SWARNA PROJECT 1968 1970
313 AP ADILABAD SWARNA PROJECT PWD 1972 1992
318 AP EAST GODAVARI ANNAVARAM 1968 1970
318 AP EAST GODAVARI ANNAVARAM PWD 1971 1994
318 AP EAST GODAVARI CHINTAPALLI 1951 1970
318 AP EAST GODAVARI CHINTAPALLI PWD 1971 1994
317 AP EAST GODAVARI DOWLESHWARAM 1951 1970
317 AP EAST GODAVARI DOWLESHWARAM PWD 1971 1994
317 AP EAST GODAVARI GOPALAPURAM 1951 1970
317 AP EAST GODAVARI GOPALAPURAM PWD 1971 1994
318 AP EAST GODAVARI KOTHAPETA 1941 1970
318 AP EAST GODAVARI KOTHAPETA REV 1971 1994
318 AP EAST GODAVARI MUMMIDIVARAM 1941 1970
318 AP EAST GODAVARI MUMMIDIVARAM REV 1971 1994
318 AP EAST GODAVARI PEDDAPURAM 1941 1970
318 AP EAST GODAVARI PEDDAPURAM REV 1971 1994
318 AP EAST GODAVARI PRATHIPADU 1941 1970
318 AP EAST GODAVARI PRATHIPADU REV 1971 1994
318 AP EAST GODAVARI RALLI PWD 1951 1994
318 AP EAST GODAVARI RAMACHANDRAPURAM 1941 1970
318 AP EAST GODAVARI RAMACHANDRAPURAM REV 1971 1989
318 AP EAST GODAVARI YELLAVARAM 1941 1970

1 of 7
 IMD CAT STATE DISTRICT STATION NAME SOURCE FROM. ..TO..
NO. YEAR YEAR
318 AP EAST GODAVARI YELLAVARAM REV 1971 1979
318 AP WEST GODAVARI BHIMAVARAM 1941 1970
318 AP WEST GODAVARI BHIMAVARAM REV 1971 1994
318 AP WEST GODAVARI DUVVA 1951 1970
318 AP WEST GODAVARI DUVVA PWD 1971 1993
317 AP WEST GODAVARI KOVVUR 1941 1970
317 AP WEST GODAVARI KOVVUR REV 1971 1994
318 AP WEST GODAVARI LAKSHMIPALEM 1951 1970
318 AP WEST GODAVARI LAKSHMIPALEM PWD 1971 1994
318 AP WEST GODAVARI NIDADAVOLE OBSY 1956 1998
317 AP WEST GODAVARI POLAVARAM 1941 1970
317 AP WEST GODAVARI POLAVARAM REV 1971 1994
318 AP WEST GODAVARI TANUKU 1941 1970
318 AP WEST GODAVARI TANUKU REV 1972 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR AMBARIPET 1968 1970
313 AP KARIMNAGAR AMBARIPET PWD 1971 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR HUZURABAD PWD 1957 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR JACTIAL REV 1971 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR JAGTIAL 1941 1970
313 AP KARIMNAGAR KARIMNAGAR PWD 1957 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR KARIMNAGAR REV 1941 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR KESHAVAPATNAMVAG 1968 1970
313 AP KARIMNAGAR KESHAVAPATNAMVAG REV 1971 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR MAHADEVPUR 1968 1970
313 AP KARIMNAGAR MAHADEVPUR PWD 1971 1993
313 AP KARIMNAGAR MANAIR 1957 1970
313 AP KARIMNAGAR MANAIR PROJ. PWD 1971 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR MANTHANI 1952 1970
313 AP KARIMNAGAR MANTHANI REV 1971 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR RAMGUNDAM OBSY 1951 1998
313 AP KARIMNAGAR SHAMIGARAM 1968 1970
313 AP KARIMNAGAR SHAMIGARAM PWD 1971 1994
313 AP KARIMNAGAR SIRICILLA 1951 1970
313 AP KARIMNAGAR SIRICILLA REV 1971 1994
312 AP KARIMNAGAR SULTANABAD 1951 1970
312 AP KARIMNAGAR SULTANABAD REV 1972 1994
317 AP KHAMMAM ALLIPALLI 1968 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM ALLIPALLI PWD 1971 1994
317 AP KHAMMAM B'CHALAM/KOTHAGU OBSY 1971 1998
317 AP KHAMMAM BHADRACHALAM 1941 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM BHADRACHALAM OBSY 1952 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM BHADRACHALAM REV 1971 1998
317 AP KHAMMAM BURGAMPAD 1957 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM BURGAMPAD REV 1971 1994
AP KHAMMAM CHERLA REV 1991 1994
317 AP KHAMMAM GUNDALA 1968 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM GUNDALA PWD 1971 1994
317 AP KHAMMAM KINNERASAMI PWD 1971 1990
317 AP KHAMMAM KINNERASAMI 1968 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM KOTHAPALANCHA 1968 1976
317 AP KHAMMAM NUGURU 1941 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM NUGURU REV 1971 1988
317 AP KHAMMAM PALANCHA 1951 1966
317 AP KHAMMAM PALANCHA PWD 1977 1994

2 of 7
 IMD CAT STATE DISTRICT STATION NAME SOURCE FROM. ..TO..
NO. YEAR YEAR
317 AP KHAMMAM SINGABUPALAYAM 1943 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM SINGABUPALAYAM PWD 1971 1994
317 AP KHAMMAM THANIKALLA 1951 1970
317 AP KHAMMAM THANIKALLA PWD 1971 1990
318 AP KRISHNA KAIKALUR 1941 1970
318 AP KRISHNA KAIKALUR REV 1971 1994
313 AP MADAK ANANTAGIRI 1943 1973
312 AP MADAK ANDOLE REV 1971 1994
312 AP MADAK ANDOLE 1951 1970
313 AP MADAK GAJWEL 1957 1970
313 AP MADAK GAJWEL REV 1971 1994
312 AP MADAK MEDAK 1941 1970
312 AP MADAK MEDAK REV 1971 1994
312 AP MADAK NAGASANIPALLI 1952 1970
312 AP MADAK NAGASANIPALLI PWD 1971 1990
312 AP MADAK NARASAPUR 1957 1970
312 AP MADAK NARASAPUR REV 1971 1994
312 AP MADAK RAYANAPALLY 1941 1970
312 AP MADAK RAYANAPALLY PWD 1971 1994
312 AP MADAK SANGAREDDI REV 1941 1994
313 AP MADAK SIDDIPET 1951 1970
313 AP MADAK SIDDIPET REV 1971 1994
312 AP MADAK ZAHIRABAD 1957 1970
312 AP MADAK ZAHIRABAD REV 1971 1994
312 AP NIZAMABAD ALISAGAR 1941 1970
312 AP NIZAMABAD ALISAGAR PWD 1971 1993
313 AP NIZAMABAD ANKASPUR 1951 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD ANKASPUR PWD 1971 1989
313 AP NIZAMABAD ARMOOR REV 1971 1994
313 AP NIZAMABAD ARMOOR 1941 1970
312 AP NIZAMABAD BANSWADA 1951 1970
312 AP NIZAMABAD BANSWADA REV 1971 1994
313 AP NIZAMABAD BARIDPUR 1941 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD BARIDPUR PWD 1971 1991
312 AP NIZAMABAD BHOMENDRAPALLI 1941 1970
312 AP NIZAMABAD BHOMENDRAPALLI PWD 1971 1994
312 AP NIZAMABAD BODHAN REV 1943 1994
312 AP NIZAMABAD BORLAM 1941 1970
312 AP NIZAMABAD BORLAM PWD 1971 1994
313 AP NIZAMABAD DOODGAON 1941 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD DOODGAON PWD 1971 1992
312 AP NIZAMABAD GUNKAL 1951 1970
312 AP NIZAMABAD GUNKAL PWD 1971 1994
313 AP NIZAMABAD KAMAREDDY 1941 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD KAMAREDDY REV 1971 1994
313 AP NIZAMABAD MAGADI 1943 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD MAGADI PWD 1971 1988
313 AP NIZAMABAD MANCHAPPA 1941 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD MANCHAPPA PWD 1971 1991
313 AP NIZAMABAD NAVIPET 1941 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD NAVIPET PWD 1971 1994
313 AP NIZAMABAD NIZAMABAD 1956 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD NIZAMABAD OBSY 1941 1998
313 AP NIZAMABAD NIZAMABAD REV 1971 1994

3 of 7
 IMD CAT STATE DISTRICT STATION NAME SOURCE FROM. ..TO..
NO. YEAR YEAR
313 AP NIZAMABAD POCHAMPAD 1968 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD POCHAMPET PROJ. PWD 1971 1994
312 AP NIZAMABAD POCHARAM 1941 1970
312 AP NIZAMABAD POCHARAM PWD 1971 1994
313 AP NIZAMABAD UPLOOR 1968 1970
313 AP NIZAMABAD UPLOOR PWD 1971 1994
318 AP SRIKAKULAM NARAYANPURAM 1968 1970
318 AP SRIKAKULAM NARAYANPURAM REV 1971 1994
317 AP VISAKHAPATNAM ARAKU VALLY REV 1979 1994
317 AP VISAKHAPATNAM ARUKU VALLY 1946 1970
317 AP VISAKHAPATNAM CHINTAPALLI 1941 1970
317 AP VISAKHAPATNAM CHINTAPALLI REV 1972 1994
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM CHODAYAM 1951 1970
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM CHODYAM PWD 1971 1990
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM KALYANPURAM 1968 1990
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM NARSIPATNAM 1941 1970
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM NARSIPATNAM REV 1971 1994
317 AP VISAKHAPATNAM PADERU 1965 1970
317 AP VISAKHAPATNAM PADERU REV 1971 1994
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM RAIWADA 1968 1970
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM RAIWADA CAMP PWD 1971 1994
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM TANDAYA DAM SITE 1968 1970
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM TANDAYA DAM SITE PWD 1971 1994
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM TULABADA 1941 1968
318 AP VISAKHAPATNAM TULABADA REV 1994 1994
313 AP WARANGAL HANAMKONDA 1959 1970
313 AP WARANGAL HANAMKONDA OBSY 1941 1998
313 AP WARANGAL HANAMKONDA REV 1971 1994
317 AP WARANGAL LAKNAVARAM 1959 1970
317 AP WARANGAL LAKNAVARAM PWD 1971 1994
313 AP WARANGAL MULUG 1941 1970
313 AP WARANGAL MULUG REV 1971 1994
313 AP WARANGAL PARKAL 1951 1970
313 AP WARANGAL PARKAL REV 1971 1994
313 AP WARANGAL POLAMPET PWD 1961 1994
313 AP WARANGAL RAMPUR 1968 1970
313 AP WARANGAL RAMPUR PWD 1971 1993
313 AP WARANGAL SALIVAGU PROJECT 1968 1970
313 AP WARANGAL SALIVAGU PROJECT PWD 1971 1994
313 AP WARANGAL WARANGAL 1957 1969
313 AP WARANGAL WARANGAL PWD 1972 1990
312 KAR BIDAR BHALKI 1956 1970
312 KAR BIDAR BHALKI T.O. 1971 1993
312 KAR BIDAR BIDAR OBSY 1941 1999
312 KAR BIDAR SANTHPUR 1971 1993
312 KAR BIDAR SANTHPUR 1956 1970
315 MP BALAGHAT BALAGHAT 1941 1995
315 MP BALAGHAT DHUTI 1941 1994
315 MP BALAGHAT DONGARGAON 1941 1994
315 MP BALAGHAT JAMUNIA 1941 1994
315 MP BALAGHAT KATTANJHIRI 1941 1994
315 MP BALAGHAT LANJI 1941 1995
315 MP BALAGHAT WARA MAIN 1941 1970
315 MP BALAGHAT WARAMAIN 1971 1994

4 of 7
 IMD CAT STATE DISTRICT STATION NAME SOURCE FROM. ..TO..
NO. YEAR YEAR
315 MP BALAGHAT WARASEONI 1941 1995
316 MP BASTER ANTAGARH 1941 1995
316 MP BASTER BHANUPRATAPPUR 1941 1995
316 MP BASTER BHOPALPATNAM 1941 1995
316 MP BASTER BIJAPUR 1941 1995
316 MP BASTER JAGDALPUR OBSY 1941 1999
316 MP BASTER KESKAL 1941 1995
316 MP BASTER KONDAGAON 1941 1995
317 MP BASTER KONTA 1941 1995
316 MP BASTER NARAYANPUR 1941 1995
317 MP BASTER SUKMA 1941 1995
103 MP BETUL ATNER 1941 1995
103 MP BETUL MULTAI 1941 1995
315 MP CHINDWARA AMARWARA 1941 1995
315 MP CHINDWARA CHAURAI 1941 1995
315 MP CHINDWARA CHINDWARA 1941 1995
315 MP CHINDWARA CHINDWARA OBSY 1949 1999
315 MP CHINDWARA SAUSAR 1941 1995
315 MP SEONI BORI 1941 1994
315 MP SEONI CHINCHBUND 1951 1994
315 MP SEONI KEOLARI 1941 1995
315 MP SEONI ROOMAL 1941 1994
315 MP SEONI SEONI OBSY 1941 1999
311 MAH AHMEDNAGAR AKOLA 1941 1996
311 MAH AHMEDNAGAR KOPARGAON 1941 1996
311 MAH AHMEDNAGAR NEVASA 1941 1996
311 MAH AHMEDNAGAR PATHARDI 1941 1996
311 MAH AHMEDNAGAR RAHURI 1941 1996
311 MAH AHMEDNAGAR SANGAMNER 1941 1996
311 MAH AHMEDNAGAR SHEVGAON 1941 1996
311 MAH AHMEDNAGAR SHRIRAMPUR 1955 1996
103 MAH AKOLA AKOLA OBSY 1941 1999
314 MAH AKOLA MANGRULPIR 1941 1996
103 MAH AKOLA MURTAJAPUR 1941 1996
314 MAH AKOLA RISOD 1941 1996
103 MAH AKOLA SIRPUR 1941 1969
314 MAH AKOLA WASHIM 1941 1996
103 MAH AMRAOTI AMRAOTI OBSY 1941 1999
103 MAH AMRAOTI BADNERA 1941 1993
314 MAH AMRAOTI BARUD 1941 1996
103 MAH AMRAOTI CHANDUR BAZAR 1941 1996
314 MAH AMRAOTI CHANDUR RAILWAY 1941 1996
103 MAH AMRAOTI KHOLAPUR 1941 1990
314 MAH AMRAOTI MORSI 1941 1996
314 MAH AMRAOTI TALEGAON 1941 1984
311 MAH AURANGABAD AURANGABAD OBSY 1941 1983
311 MAH AURANGABAD GANGAPUR 1951 1996
311 MAH AURANGABAD KANNAD 1951 1996
311 MAH AURANGABAD KHALDABAD 1951 1996
311 MAH AURANGABAD PAITHAN 1957 1996
311 MAH AURANGABAD SILLOD 1951 1996
311 MAH AURANGABAD VIJAPUR 1971 1996
311 MAH AURANGABAD VIJAPUR(VAIJAPUR 1951 1970
315 MAH BHANDARA BHANDARA 1941 1996

5 of 7
 IMD CAT STATE DISTRICT STATION NAME SOURCE FROM. ..TO..
NO. YEAR YEAR
315 MAH BHANDARA BODALKASA 1941 1996
315 MAH BHANDARA CHANDPUR 1941 1990
315 MAH BHANDARA CHORKHAMARA 1941 1996
315 MAH BHANDARA DEORI 1944 1996
315 MAH BHANDARA GONDIA OBSY 1951 1999
315 MAH BHANDARA KHYRBUND 1941 1996
315 MAH BHANDARA PAONI 1945 1995
315 MAH BHANDARA SAKOLI 1941 1996
311 MAH BHIR BHIR OBSY 1961 1997
312 MAH BHIR CHOWSALA 1943 1996
311 MAH BHIR GEORAI 1951 1970
311 MAH BHIR GUORAI 1972 1996
311 MAH BHIR MANJLEGAON 1951 1996
311 MAH BHIR MOMINABAD 1951 1970
312 MAH BHIR PATODA 1951 1996
103 MAH BULDANA BULDANA 1971 1996
103 MAH BULDANA BULDHANA 1941 1970
314 MAH BULDANA CHIKHLI 1941 1995
311 MAH BULDANA DEOLGAON RAJA 1941 1996
103 MAH BULDANA DHAMANGAON 1941 1989
314 MAH BULDANA DONEGAON 1941 1992
103 MAH BULDANA KHAMGAON 1941 1996
311 MAH BULDANA LONAR 1990 1996
315 MAH CHANDRAPUR ASOLA 1941 1996
315 MAH CHANDRAPUR BRAMHAPURI OBSY 1956 1999
314 MAH CHANDRAPUR CHANDRAPUR OBSY 1941 1999
315 MAH CHANDRAPUR CHIMUR 1941 1996
315 MAH CHANDRAPUR KHAIREE 1941 1996
315 MAH CHANDRAPUR NALESAR 1941 1996
315 MAH CHANDRAPUR SINDEWAHI 1946 1996
314 MAH CHANDRAPUR WARORA 1941 1996
103 MAH JALGAON CHALISGAON 1941 1996
103 MAH JALGAON JAMNER 1941 1996
103 MAH JALGAON PACHORA 1941 1996
315 MAH NAGPUR NAGPUR MEYO HOSP OBSY 1941 1999
315 MAH NAGPUR PERSEONI 1941 1996
315 MAH NAGPUR RAMTEK 1941 1996
315 MAH NAGPUR SAONER 1941 1996
315 MAH NAGPUR THARSA 1941 1990
315 MAH NAGPUR UMRER 1941 1996
311 MAH NANDED BILLOLI 1951 1996
312 MAH NANDED DEGLOOR 1951 1996
311 MAH NANDED KANDHAR 1951 1996
311 MAH NANDED NANDED 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK BOLTHAN 1941 1994
311 MAH NASIK CHANDOR 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK DINDORI 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK IGATPURI 1941 1996
103 MAH NASIK KALVAN 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK KOLEGAON MAL 1955 1996
103 MAH NASIK MALEGAON OBSY 1941 1999
103 MAH NASIK NANDGAON 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK NASIK 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK NASIK OBSY 1941 1990

6 of 7
 IMD CAT STATE DISTRICT STATION NAME SOURCE FROM. ..TO..
NO. YEAR YEAR
311 MAH NASIK NIPHAD 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK OZAR AERO OBSY 1965 1970
311 MAH NASIK OZAR AERODROME OBSY 1971 1999
311 MAH NASIK PIMPALGAON 1941 1994
311 MAH NASIK SINNAR 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK TRIMBAK 1941 1996
311 MAH NASIK YEOLA 1941 1996
312 MAH OSMANABAD KALLAM 1951 1996
314 MAH PARBHANI HINGOLI 1941 1996
314 MAH PARBHANI KALMANOORI 1951 1996
311 MAH PARBHANI PARBHANI OBSY 1941 1999
311 MAH PARBHANI SIDHESHWAR CAMP 1959 1996
314 MAH YEOTMAL DARWHA 1941 1996
314 MAH YEOTMAL DIGRAS 1941 1996
314 MAH YEOTMAL NER 1941 1996
314 MAH YEOTMAL PANDHERIKAWARA 1941 1994
314 MAH YEOTMAL PUSAD 1941 1996
314 MAH YEOTMAL UMERKHED 1941 1996
314 MAH YEOTMAL WANI 1941 1996
314 MAH YEOTMAL YEOTMAL 1941 1996
314 MAH WARDHA ARVI 1941 1996
314 MAH WARDHA HINGANGHAT 1941 1996
315 MAH WARDHA KHARANGHA 1967 1996
314 MAH WARDHA WARDHA 1941 1996
314 MAH WARDHA WARDHA OBSY 1966 1999
316 ORISSAKALAHANDI KASIPUR 1954 1958
317 ORISSAKORAPUT JEYPORE 1941 1992
316 ORISSAKORAPUT KORAPUT 1941 1992
316 ORISSAKORAPUT KORAPUT OBSY 1950 1984
317 ORISSAKORAPUT MALKANGIRI 1941 1992
316 ORISSAKORAPUT NAWARANGPUR 1941 1992
317 ORISSAKORAPUT POTTANGI 1941 1992

7 of 7
 Annexure 4.3
Monthly Water Availablility at Perur G&D Site
CA at Perur 268200 sq.km
Unit:MCM

Total Monsoon Total NonMonsoon Total Annual

Water Year Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May (MCM) (TMC) (MCM) (TMC) (MCM) (TMC)

1966-67 605.0 12753.4 22206.6 25762.6 3371.2 1896.8 1692.6 412.9 222.0 653.5 367.0 94.5 64698.8 2284.8 5339.2 188.6 70038.0 2473.4
1967-68 3028.8 18962.9 32195.8 13206.2 5778.1 948.4 2392.4 994.5 459.0 1007.3 202.1 179.7 73171.8 2584.0 6183.5 218.4 79355.3 2802.4
1968-69 1090.5 8224.5 19517.9 14076.8 7085.7 1387.1 612.1 430.7 252.0 194.8 192.6 194.6 49995.4 1765.6 3263.8 115.3 53259.2 1880.8
1969-70 224.9 15780.9 27316.9 38613.9 4253.7 1924.0 724.1 390.4 268.4 234.6 137.4 97.3 86190.3 3043.8 3776.2 133.4 89966.5 3177.1
1970-71 5211.0 11429.1 50430.8 34364.7 6655.6 1549.0 777.5 530.6 336.9 331.0 217.3 335.2 108091.2 3817.2 4077.4 144.0 112168.7 3961.2
1971-72 3495.2 4892.1 9006.1 14939.1 8860.0 1508.5 588.0 366.6 209.7 138.7 75.1 48.2 41192.4 1454.7 2934.9 103.6 44127.3 1558.3
1972-73 682.7 13319.0 9043.5 8638.7 1719.9 899.2 424.4 174.1 97.4 74.8 55.0 39.5 33403.7 1179.6 1764.4 62.3 35168.1 1241.9
1973-74 297.5 29384.7 35071.5 18059.3 22579.2 5282.3 1213.4 679.8 428.4 272.9 175.0 187.7 105392.2 3721.9 8239.4 291.0 113631.5 4012.9
1974-75 600.3 2378.9 14646.6 2976.1 6976.1 1893.1 702.6 337.9 303.6 237.6 110.8 74.0 27577.9 973.9 3659.6 129.2 31237.5 1103.1
1975-76 4123.9 14232.5 28768.8 37769.7 14480.7 3686.3 929.2 553.5 337.5 227.3 165.7 123.8 99375.7 3509.4 6023.2 212.7 105398.9 3722.1
1976-77 175.5 24331.5 25361.3 28036.1 1764.8 883.5 554.2 311.5 227.5 181.2 139.8 241.2 79669.1 2813.5 2538.9 89.7 82208.0 2903.1
1977-78 1018.7 13410.1 22852.7 18332.9 3571.4 1666.9 1875.9 683.6 518.7 313.6 192.7 225.3 59185.9 2090.1 5476.7 193.4 64662.6 2283.5
1978-79 3781.8 26533.9 42776.5 16411.1 3584.1 1713.2 1136.7 640.5 1199.1 570.8 190.5 137.0 93087.6 3287.4 5587.9 197.3 98675.4 3484.7
1979-80 6442.0 7843.9 31825.6 7680.8 5439.4 974.5 938.5 529.5 383.4 405.2 229.8 174.8 59231.6 2091.7 3635.8 128.4 62867.4 2220.1
1980-81 3388.4 13064.0 37551.8 21859.5 2688.1 1005.5 513.0 539.9 358.0 319.0 217.4 232.5 78551.8 2774.0 3185.2 112.5 81736.9 2886.5
1981-82 1075.6 11588.9 36732.0 20774.1 10250.4 2138.8 799.9 613.7 499.3 248.6 143.3 122.7 80421.0 2840.0 4566.2 161.3 84987.2 3001.3
1982-83 953.1 6698.1 17396.9 8824.5 3982.7 1792.8 621.7 378.5 395.1 290.4 79.0 61.2 37855.3 1336.8 3618.6 127.8 41473.9 1464.6
1983-84 1797.1 10384.4 42428.1 42209.4 21898.6 1929.0 1022.1 815.9 450.9 608.9 380.2 287.9 118717.6 4192.5 5494.8 194.0 124212.4 4386.5
1984-85 1083.7 6791.6 18766.6 4195.0 2764.6 1068.2 516.6 458.8 340.6 262.8 192.6 102.4 33601.5 1186.6 2942.1 103.9 36543.6 1290.5
1985-86 1473.6 8444.0 18728.3 5580.4 5938.4 1163.3 463.8 370.1 482.6 452.8 216.6 169.2 40164.7 1418.4 3318.4 117.2 43483.1 1535.6
1986-87 2034.4 19648.2 40335.3 4791.0 1965.1 1082.3 389.8 469.2 260.7 200.5 91.4 67.8 68773.9 2428.7 2561.8 90.5 71335.7 2519.2
1987-88 388.2 5624.1 8326.4 5298.9 2015.8 1074.2 559.2 293.2 203.5 239.4 100.7 91.1 21653.4 764.7 2561.3 90.5 24214.7 855.1
1988-89 1210.2 25840.6 34619.5 30194.6 16383.5 1484.3 699.8 440.5 285.9 302.6 200.0 90.4 108248.4 3822.8 3503.4 123.7 111751.8 3946.5
1989-90 1352.1 20161.5 21137.0 15635.0 4403.8 828.8 448.3 437.5 269.8 255.8 121.0 794.1 62689.4 2213.9 3155.2 111.4 65844.6 2325.3
1990-91 8531.2 18770.5 54219.1 27270.6 20025.7 5050.2 1053.7 694.0 408.3 331.6 248.6 142.6 128817.0 4549.1 7928.8 280.0 136745.8 4829.1
1991-92 1121.4 10971.1 23123.4 4706.2 2347.9 1356.4 527.1 315.3 205.5 152.5 79.9 55.0 42270.0 1492.8 2691.7 95.1 44961.7 1587.8
1992-93 1955.9 6563.1 34484.9 14908.5 2218.5 962.6 476.1 291.6 221.5 238.2 109.9 59.6 60130.9 2123.5 2359.6 83.3 62490.5 2206.8
1993-94 431.7 7713.6 12414.1 8839.9 4611.6 1212.6 519.8 359.6 329.8 198.0 70.6 39.1 34010.9 1201.1 2729.5 96.4 36740.4 1297.5
1994-95 875.6 32042.5 26611.5 39201.2 6036.2 1806.1 1070.4 1350.8 637.9 619.2 446.4 432.8 104766.9 3699.8 6363.7 224.7 111130.6 3924.5
1995-96 772.9 15009.8 12303.1 19281.9 13234.2 2002.5 839.9 629.8 440.1 394.0 252.2 164.8 60601.9 2140.1 4723.4 166.8 65325.3 2306.9
1996-97 1334.0 4941.2 15892.4 12255.8 4232.8 1332.2 522.7 410.8 279.9 398.8 453.2 165.3 38656.1 1365.1 3563.0 125.8 42219.1 1491.0
1997-98 114.7 3523.2 13905.6 10701.8 2428.8 1865.4 2880.1 1502.9 992.4 302.0 170.0 205.5 30674.1 1083.2 7918.4 279.6 38592.5 1362.9
1998-99 945.5 7378.2 17641.7 21579.7 13062.8 3827.0 822.6 517.5 379.0 283.7 214.3 168.9 60607.8 2140.3 6212.9 219.4 66820.8 2359.8
1999-2000 3972.8 5884.6 21015.5 24928.5 12841.7 2088.4 794.3 507.3 395.6 334.6 179.8 116.7 68643.2 2424.1 4416.7 156.0 73059.9 2580.1
2000-01 2260.5 21995.3 24809.7 10899.0 2063.1 747.7 340.7 235.8 162.9 157.7 168.5 77.5 62027.7 2190.5 1890.7 66.8 63918.4 2257.3
2001-02 9008.6 12985.7 30335.3 4568.1 5619.0 1020.9 472.8 348.9 220.7 155.8 80.2 40.7 62516.7 2207.8 2340.1 82.6 64856.8 2290.4
2002-03 4236.5 2337.8 20938.3 13145.3 1819.6 595.9 363.5 224.2 148.0 108.7 69.3 39.8 42477.5 1500.1 1549.3 54.7 44026.8 1554.8
2003-04 157.6 17884.5 22813.0 13072.3 8012.1 1692.5 699.7 427.2 476.1 173.5 97.8 97.2 61939.6 2187.4 3664.0 129.4 65603.5 2316.8
2004-05 2670.0 2527.2 20055.4 3814.0 2207.8 522.0 236.7 165.8 698.4 158.0 86.0 70.3 31274.5 1104.4 1937.1 68.4 33211.6 1172.9
2005-06 95.1 18734.1 25786.2 25794.5 9327.2 2476.1 657.2 375.4 226.6 255.3 222.1 189.0 79737.2 2815.9 4401.7 155.4 84138.8 2971.3
2006-07 135.4 13654.6 49749.3 29620.5 10735.0 2980.1 813.9 492.2 289.4 171.4 137.3 106.6 103894.9 3669.0 4990.9 176.3 108885.8 3845.3
2007-08 554.3 14347.8 21207.5 18737.6 7256.0 1223.4 474.2 293.1 330.7 258.3 221.5 18.7 62103.1 2193.2 2819.9 99.6 64923.0 2292.7
2008-09 300.8 4872.8 23816.8 8388.4 1963.0 835.7 445.4 184.7 134.0 84.4 52.4 18.5 39341.7 1389.3 1755.1 62.0 41096.9 1451.3
2009-10 16.3 7801.1 6475.4 6149.5 1373.2 677.8 338.0 224.6 136.0 97.0 38.0 22.9 21815.4 770.4 1534.4 54.2 23349.7 824.6
2010-11 186.7 11962.3 35298.5 41049.1 6481.5 2846.8 1057.4 471.3 293.7 312.0 167.4 102.8 94978.1 3354.1 5251.3 185.4 100229.4 3539.6
2011-12 253.6 4532.7 14027.1 29556.1 2367.1 795.8 387.5 341.5 193.2 63.1 33.1 16.9 50736.5 1791.7 1831.1 64.7 52567.6 1856.4
2012-13 398.8 9467.6 31643.5 30172.2 5744.4 1529.4 581.8 371.1 274.9 246.4 108.1 52.3 77426.3 2734.3 3164.0 111.7 80590.3 2846.0
Average 2014.8 13022.6 25477.9 16636.0 7279.6 1752.3 755.7 492.9 380.9 278.2 172.5 147.6 64430.9 2275.4 3980.2 140.6 68411.1 2415.9
50% Dependable flow 65325 MCM 2306.9 TMC
1 of 3 75% Dependable flow 43483 MCM 1535.6 TMC
90% Dependable flow 34777 MCM 1228.1 TMC
 Annexure 4.3
Monthly Gross Yield Availablility at Dummagudem G&D Site
CA at Perur 281000 sq.km
Unit:MCM

Total Monsoon Total NonMonsoon Total Annual

Water Year Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May (MCM) (TMC) (MCM) (TMC) (MCM) (TMC)

1966-67 633.8 13362.0 23266.4 26992.2 3532.1 1987.3 1773.4 432.6 232.6 684.7 384.5 99.0 67786.6 2393.9 5594.0 197.6 73380.6 2591.4
1967-68 3173.4 19867.9 33732.3 13836.5 6053.9 993.7 2506.6 1042.0 481.0 1055.4 211.7 188.2 76664.0 2707.4 6478.6 228.8 83142.6 2936.2
1968-69 1142.5 8617.0 20449.4 14748.6 7423.9 1453.3 641.3 451.2 264.0 204.1 201.8 203.9 52381.5 1849.8 3419.6 120.8 55801.1 1970.6
1969-70 235.7 16534.0 28620.6 40456.8 4456.8 2015.8 758.6 409.1 281.2 245.8 143.9 101.9 90303.8 3189.0 3956.4 139.7 94260.2 3328.8
1970-71 5459.7 11974.5 52837.6 36004.7 6973.3 1622.9 814.6 555.9 353.0 346.8 227.6 351.2 113249.9 3999.4 4272.0 150.9 117522.0 4150.2
1971-72 3662.0 5125.6 9435.9 15652.0 9282.8 1580.5 616.1 384.1 219.7 145.3 78.7 50.5 43158.3 1524.1 3075.0 108.6 46233.3 1632.7
1972-73 715.3 13954.6 9475.1 9051.0 1802.0 942.1 444.7 182.4 102.1 78.3 57.6 41.4 34997.9 1235.9 1848.6 65.3 36846.5 1301.2
1973-74 311.7 30787.1 36745.3 18921.2 23656.8 5534.4 1271.3 712.2 448.9 285.9 183.3 196.6 110422.1 3899.5 8632.6 304.9 119054.7 4204.4
1974-75 628.9 2492.5 15345.6 3118.1 7309.0 1983.4 736.1 354.1 318.1 249.0 116.1 77.5 28894.1 1020.4 3834.2 135.4 32728.3 1155.8
1975-76 4320.7 14911.8 30141.9 39572.3 15171.8 3862.2 973.5 579.9 353.6 238.1 173.6 129.7 104118.4 3676.9 6310.7 222.9 110429.1 3899.8
1976-77 183.9 25492.7 26571.7 29374.1 1849.0 925.6 580.7 326.4 238.4 189.8 146.4 252.8 83471.3 2947.8 2660.1 93.9 86131.5 3041.7
1977-78 1067.3 14050.1 23943.4 19207.9 3741.8 1746.4 1965.4 716.3 543.4 328.6 201.9 236.0 62010.6 2189.9 5738.1 202.6 67748.6 2392.5
1978-79 3962.3 27800.3 44818.1 17194.4 3755.2 1795.0 1191.0 671.0 1256.4 598.0 199.6 143.5 97530.2 3444.2 5854.5 206.8 103384.8 3651.0
1979-80 6749.4 8218.3 33344.5 8047.4 5699.0 1021.0 983.3 554.7 401.7 424.5 240.8 183.1 62058.5 2191.6 3809.3 134.5 65867.8 2326.1
1980-81 3550.2 13687.4 39344.0 22902.7 2816.3 1053.5 537.4 565.6 375.1 334.2 227.8 243.6 82300.7 2906.4 3337.2 117.9 85637.9 3024.3
1981-82 1126.9 12142.0 38485.0 21765.5 10739.6 2240.8 838.1 642.9 523.1 260.4 150.1 128.6 84259.1 2975.6 4784.1 168.9 89043.2 3144.5
1982-83 998.6 7017.8 18227.2 9245.6 4172.8 1878.3 651.4 396.5 414.0 304.2 82.7 64.2 39662.0 1400.6 3791.3 133.9 43453.3 1534.5
1983-84 1882.9 10880.0 44453.0 44223.8 22943.7 2021.1 1070.9 854.8 472.5 637.9 398.3 301.6 124383.4 4392.6 5757.1 203.3 130140.5 4595.9
1984-85 1135.4 7115.7 19662.2 4395.2 2896.6 1119.2 541.3 480.7 356.9 275.3 201.8 107.3 35205.1 1243.3 3082.5 108.9 38287.6 1352.1
1985-86 1543.9 8846.9 19622.1 5846.7 6221.8 1218.8 486.0 387.8 505.7 474.4 227.0 177.2 42081.6 1486.1 3476.7 122.8 45558.3 1608.9
1986-87 2131.4 20585.9 42260.3 5019.6 2058.9 1133.9 408.4 491.6 273.2 210.1 95.8 71.0 72056.2 2544.6 2684.0 94.8 74740.2 2639.4
1987-88 406.7 5892.5 8723.7 5551.8 2112.0 1125.5 585.8 307.2 213.2 250.8 105.6 95.4 22686.8 801.2 2683.5 94.8 25370.3 895.9
1988-89 1268.0 27073.8 36271.8 31635.6 17165.4 1555.1 733.2 461.5 299.5 317.0 209.5 94.7 113414.6 4005.2 3670.6 129.6 117085.2 4134.8
1989-90 1416.7 21123.7 22145.8 16381.1 4614.0 868.4 469.7 458.3 282.7 268.0 126.8 832.0 65681.3 2319.5 3305.8 116.7 68987.0 2436.3
1990-91 8938.3 19666.4 56806.7 28572.1 20981.4 5291.2 1104.0 727.1 427.8 347.4 260.4 149.4 134964.9 4766.2 8307.2 293.4 143272.1 5059.6
1991-92 1174.9 11494.7 24227.0 4930.8 2460.0 1421.1 552.3 330.4 215.3 159.7 83.7 57.6 44287.4 1564.0 2820.1 99.6 47107.5 1663.6
1992-93 2049.2 6876.4 36130.7 15620.0 2324.4 1008.5 498.8 305.5 232.0 249.6 115.2 62.5 63000.7 2224.8 2472.2 87.3 65472.8 2312.2
1993-94 452.3 8081.8 13006.5 9261.8 4831.7 1270.5 544.6 376.8 345.5 207.4 74.0 41.0 35634.1 1258.4 2859.8 101.0 38493.9 1359.4
1994-95 917.4 33571.7 27881.5 41072.1 6324.3 1892.3 1121.5 1415.3 668.4 648.7 467.7 453.5 109767.0 3876.4 6667.4 235.5 116434.4 4111.8
1995-96 809.8 15726.1 12890.3 20202.1 13865.8 2098.1 880.0 659.8 461.1 412.8 264.3 172.7 63494.1 2242.3 4948.8 174.8 68443.0 2417.0
1996-97 1397.6 5177.0 16650.9 12840.8 4434.8 1395.8 547.7 430.4 293.2 417.9 474.8 173.2 40501.0 1430.3 3733.0 131.8 44234.0 1562.1
1997-98 120.2 3691.4 14569.3 11212.5 2544.7 1954.4 3017.6 1574.7 1039.8 316.4 178.1 215.3 32138.0 1134.9 8296.3 293.0 40434.3 1427.9
1998-99 990.6 7730.3 18483.6 22609.6 13686.2 4009.6 861.8 542.1 397.1 297.2 224.6 176.9 63500.4 2242.5 6509.5 229.9 70009.8 2472.4
1999-2000 4162.4 6165.4 22018.5 26118.3 13454.6 2188.1 832.2 531.5 414.5 350.6 188.4 122.2 71919.2 2539.8 4627.5 163.4 76546.7 2703.2
2000-01 2368.4 23045.1 25993.8 11419.1 2161.6 783.4 356.9 247.0 170.7 165.2 176.5 81.1 64988.0 2295.0 1981.0 70.0 66969.0 2365.0
2001-02 9438.5 13605.5 31783.1 4786.2 5887.1 1069.6 495.4 365.6 231.2 163.3 84.0 42.7 65500.4 2313.1 2451.8 86.6 67952.1 2399.7
2002-03 4438.6 2449.4 21937.6 13772.6 1906.4 624.3 380.8 234.9 155.1 113.9 72.6 41.7 44504.7 1571.7 1623.2 57.3 46128.0 1629.0
2003-04 165.2 18738.0 23901.8 13696.2 8394.5 1773.3 733.1 447.6 498.8 181.8 102.5 101.8 64895.7 2291.8 3838.8 135.6 68734.5 2427.3
2004-05 2797.4 2647.8 21012.6 3996.1 2313.1 546.9 248.0 173.8 731.8 165.5 90.1 73.6 32767.0 1157.2 2029.6 71.7 34796.6 1228.8
2005-06 99.7 19628.2 27016.9 27025.6 9772.3 2594.2 688.5 393.3 237.4 267.5 232.7 198.0 83542.7 2950.3 4611.7 162.9 88154.4 3113.1
2006-07 141.9 14306.3 52123.7 31034.2 11247.3 3122.3 852.8 515.7 303.2 179.6 143.9 111.7 108853.3 3844.1 5229.1 184.7 114082.5 4028.8
2007-08 580.8 15032.6 22219.6 19631.8 7602.3 1281.8 496.8 307.1 346.5 270.7 232.1 19.6 65067.1 2297.8 2954.5 104.3 68021.5 2402.2
2008-09 315.1 5105.3 24953.5 8788.7 2056.7 875.6 466.7 193.5 140.4 88.5 54.9 19.4 41219.3 1455.6 1838.9 64.9 43058.2 1520.6
2009-10 17.1 8173.4 6784.4 6442.9 1438.7 710.1 354.2 235.3 142.5 101.7 39.8 24.0 22856.5 807.2 1607.6 56.8 24464.1 863.9
2010-11 195.7 12533.2 36983.1 43008.2 6790.8 2982.7 1107.9 493.7 307.7 326.9 175.3 107.7 99511.0 3514.2 5502.0 194.3 105012.9 3708.5
2011-12 265.7 4749.0 14696.5 30966.7 2480.1 833.8 406.0 357.8 202.4 66.1 34.7 17.7 53158.0 1877.3 1918.5 67.8 55076.5 1945.0
2012-13 417.8 9919.4 33153.7 31612.1 6018.5 1602.4 609.6 388.8 288.0 258.1 113.3 54.8 81121.5 2864.8 3315.0 117.1 84436.5 2981.8
Average 2111.0 13644.1 26693.8 17429.9 7627.1 1836.0 791.8 516.4 399.1 291.5 180.8 154.6 67505.9 2383.9 4170.2 147.3 71676.1 2531.2
50% Dependable flow 68443 MCM 2417.0 TMC
2 of 3 75% Dependable flow 45558 MCM 1608.9 TMC
90% Dependable flow 36437 MCM 1286.7 TMC
 Annexure 4.4

Table No. - Net availability of water at Dummugudem

75% dependable Proposed Proposed Net Availability at
Planned Upstream
flow at Perur Utilisation Utilisation Dummagudem at
Units Commitments
reduced pro rata for Ongoing for Future 75%
at Dummagudem Projects Projects dependability
Kaleswaram Devadula
MCM 45558 4531 1416 10312.9 21602.75 7696
TMC 1609 160 50 364.2 762.9 271.8
 Annexure 4.5b

 Annual Maximum  discharge with corresponding Water Level (m.s.l)

Site Perur Site Polavaram

Year Q (cumecs) WL (m) Date Year Q (cumecs) WL (m) Date
1966 44418 85.455 06‐09‐1966 1966 29760 25.217 06‐09‐1966
1967 30194 82.465 04‐08‐1967 1967 35161 24.687 05‐08‐1967
1968 20662 80.045 18‐08‐1968 1968 26189 22.427 19‐08‐1968
1969 33577 82.680 21‐09‐1969 1969 35462 25.142 23‐09‐1969
1970 46078 83.875 20‐08‐1970 1970 38701 26.297 23‐08‐1970
1971 18005 79.310 02‐09‐1971 1971 16881 21.745 03‐09‐1971
1972 22129 80.355 06‐07‐1972 1972 27949 23.870 07‐07‐1972
1973 32738 81.990 26‐08‐1973 1973 30564 24.417 28‐08‐1973
1974 15559 79.760 12‐08‐1974 1974 18110 22.270 13‐08‐1974
1975 34115 82.675 12‐09‐1975 1975 39364 25.192 11‐09‐1975
1976 39427 84.040 22‐07‐1976 1976 46299 26.517 23‐07‐1976
1977 27766 81.765 24‐08‐1977 1977 34964 24.442 25‐08‐1977
1978 38329 83.230 01‐09‐1978 1978 38229 25.542 18‐08‐1978
1979 36269 82.760 05‐08‐1979 1979 32864 24.897 07‐08‐1979
1980 26480 82.015 03‐08‐1980 1980 29468 24.075 05‐08‐1980
1981 51496 84.025 11‐08‐1981 1981 43841 25.922 13‐08‐1981
1982 11750 77.750 18‐08‐1982 1982 15247 21.817 19‐08‐1982
1983 43879 85.080 13‐08‐1983 1983 40716 26.627 15‐08‐1983
1984 14784 79.510 22‐08‐1984 1984 19943 22.702 04‐08‐1984
1985 12986 78.120 13‐08‐1985 1985 16442 21.957 15‐08‐1985
1986 62889 87.420 15‐08‐1986 1986 57311 28.017 16‐08‐1986
1987 11809 78.515 10‐07‐1987 1987 15169 21.705 11‐07‐1987
1988 39623 83.450 01‐08‐1988 1988 43506 25.525 30‐07‐1988
1989 31414 82.750 25‐07‐1989 1989 35936 24.477 27‐07‐1989
1990 62800 87.020 24‐08‐1990 1990 61658 27.277 25‐08‐1990
1991 24830 81.655 18‐08‐1991 1991 29469 23.637 19‐08‐1991
1992 35140 82.920 16‐08‐1992 1992 39003 24.967 17‐08‐1992
1993 17642 80.070 05‐08‐1993 1993 19062 21.832 06‐08‐1993
1994 41042 83.980 13‐07‐1994 1994 43105 26.002 07‐09‐1994
1995 40205 83.750 21‐10‐1995 1995 35259 24.912 23‐10‐1995
1996 8996 77.170 25‐08‐1996 1996 11290 20.317 23‐07‐1996
1997 12350 78.270 23‐08‐1997 1997 13266 21.117 03‐08‐1997
1998 18132 79.380 17‐09‐1998 1998 16477 22.082 18‐09‐1998
1999 19223 80.280 12‐08‐1999 1999 22714 22.987 09‐08‐1999
2000 40942 83.340 21‐07‐2000 2000 35217 25.297 31‐08‐2000
2001 36288 82.730 22‐08‐2001 2001 33764 24.967 23‐08‐2001
2002 24840 81.540 26‐08‐2002 2002 29786 24.127 27‐08‐2002
2003 20116 80.160 27‐07‐2003 2003 25862 24.342 28‐07‐2003
2004 16746 79.120 23‐08‐2004 2004 18725 21.742 04‐08‐2004
2005 24436 81.130 18‐09‐2005 2005 43703 25.897 21‐09‐2005
2006 51917 85.600 06‐08‐2006 2006 52811 27.297 07‐08‐2006
2007 37378 82.810 09‐08‐2007 2007 47249 24.712 10‐08‐2007
2008 25946 81.970 06‐08‐2008 2008 26975 23.957 08‐08‐2008
2009 12393 77.750 28‐08‐2009 2009 11249 20.217 29‐08‐2009
2010 44201 83.670 07‐08‐2010 2010 39047 25.707 09‐08‐2010
2011 26113 80.930 02‐09‐2011 2011 23943 23.502 03‐09‐2011
2012 27119 81.480 22‐08‐2012 2012 26290 23.692 07‐09‐2012

1 of 1
5. PRELIMINARY DESIGN
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER 5
PRELIMINARY DESIGN FEATURES AND CRITERIA

5.1. GENERAL

Earlier before the Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, two project namely (i) Rajiv
Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme (ii) Indira Sagar Rudram kota Lift Irrigation
Scheme were proposed in order to harness the irrigation potential of left out ayacut
from existing irrigation schemes, which is about 6.5 Lakh Acres out of which about 2
Lakh Acres was proposed to be covered by Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation
Scheme and 1.25 Lakh Acres was proposed to be covered by Indira Sagar Lift
Irrigation Scheme. Even after execution of this scheme, about 2.55 Lakh Acres will
still remain to be covered by any future irrigation scheme. After bifurcation of Andhra
Pradesh 7 Mandals of Khammam District was amalgamated in West Godavari District
of Andhra Pradesh, in this process the intake structure of proposed Indira Sagar Lift
Irrigation Scheme went into administrative boundary of Andhra Pradesh. As such
there is a need for revision of the Indira Sagar Scheme in order to avoid
administrative difficulties in O&M between two adjoining states.

In view of above, Govt. of Telangana decided not only to integrate earlier proposed
Indira Sagar and Rajiv Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme into one lift irrigation scheme but
also to cover the Gap Ayacut which is not coming under any present or future
irrigation scheme. Accordingly, the project is now renamed as Sita Rama Lift
Irrigation Scheme is being formulated to cover about 9.36 Lakh Acres of
Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts of Telangana. The
project has been planned to execute in two phases. Phase – I of the Sita Rama Lift
Irrigation Scheme will cover the Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad
Districts whereas Phase – II will also cover the same districts. Phase – I of this
scheme covers command area of 2,72,921 Ha with new ayacut of about 1,33,085 Ha
and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha. The present report deals with Phase-I of the
Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme.

The Phase-I of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project envisages construction of Head
Regulator at Dummugudem Anicut and to draw water from Godavari through an
approach channel of CBL EL. 45 m. The Approach Channel has been designed 1.5

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-1 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

times the capacity the of required discharge i.e., with a design discharge of 382
Cumecs (13500 Cusecs)from the River with a length of 1.00 Km and then designed
as gravity canal for a length of 9.50 km thereafter the water will be lifted with a
proposed 1st pump house with a discharge of 255 Cumes (9000 cusecs) at Village
B.G.Kothuru, Aswapuram (M) from El. 43.51 m to El. 67.180 m and then water will
be flowing through a gravity canal of a length 33.100 Km crossing two major rivers
Kinnerasani and Murredu at Chainage 36.25 Kms and 38.00 Km respectively and
from proposed 2nd pump house at Ch. 43.900 Km near Village V.K.Ramavaram, H/O
Pusugudem, Mulakalapally(M), Bhadradri-Kothagudem District with a discharge of
about 250 cumecs is lifted from El. 62.464 to El 110 m to Delivery Cistern at Ch.
44.650 Km and then water will be flowing through a lined canal of about 12.575 Km
length up to proposed 3rd Pump House at Km. 57.225, Kamalapuram and then water
is lifted through the pumping main of about 1525 m from El. 108.238 m to El. 160 m
to delivery cistern at Ch. 58.750 Km with a Discharge of 209.23cumecs. From this
point, the Water conductor system consisting of Gravity canal and Tunnel has been
proposed to irrigate the earlier proposed Rajiv Sagar Ayacut, including stabilisation of
NSP, Wyra and Paleru projects with a ayacut of about 5,39,387 Ac (New ayacut of
about 1,93,853 Acres and rest under stabilization).

From the same pump house at Kamalapuram, the water is lifted to El.200 to feed
ayacut (Indira Sagar Ayacut of about 1,35,000 Acres) covering sathupally and enroute
mandals through water conductor system. Fourth pump house has been proposed at
Dibbagudem H/o Gandugulapally(V), Dammapeta(M) of Bhadradri-Kothagudem
District village in which water will be lifted from El. 197m to El. 265 m cover 60,000
Acres through a gravity canal. Second Pressure main from this pump house will take
off water and will be lifted from El. 197.00m to El. 245.00m covering an ayacut of
25000Ac.

Total Stabilization of Major and Medium projects like NSP, Wyra, Lankasagar and
Paleru is of about 2,76,660 Acres and other minor irrigation schemes and PR Tank
where is there is no assured irrigation source for an area of about 97,158 Ac. will be
also being stabilised through Phase – I of this scheme. Also, provision for Industrial
and Drinking Water Supply has also been taken into account.

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-2 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Apart from this, the present scheme envisages Pump Houses, Regulators, Offtakes,
Cross Drainage and Cross Masonry works across the main Canal wherever required.
The Layout Map of Phase-I of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project is appended as
WAP/WRD/SRLIS/P-I/DWG/01.

The design features of the scheme are described in the ensuing paragraphs and typical
designs of the same are appended at the end of this chapter.

5.2. DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

The Present Report envisages the construction of following.

(i) Construction of Head Regulator

(ii) Construction of Lined Canal
(iii) Construction of Four Pump Houses
(iv) Delivery Cisterns
(v) Laying of Pumping Main
(vi) Cross Drainage works across Main Canal.
(vii) Road Bridges wherever required.
(viii) Cross Regulators and Offtakes etc.
(ix) Tunnels
(x) Railway Crossing

5.2.1. Design of Main Canal

The Present Scheme consisting of main canal having a total length of about 210 Km
and has been designed as lined canal with 10 cm thick cement concrete with
trapezoidal sections having side slopes of 1.5(H): 1 (V). Trapezoidal canal section is
adopted for practicability and the canal has been designed by Manning’s formula.
Considerations with respect to relevant IS codes have been taken into account.

Three types of cross sections have been adopted as below

(i) Canal in full cutting

(ii) Canal in partial cutting & partial filling
(iii) Canal in complete filling.

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-3 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Side slope in cutting and filling is taken as 1:1 and 1.5:1 respectively depending upon
the type of the soil. Outer slope of the bank has been provided as 1.5:1. Freeboard has
been provided as per clause 6.2 of IS 4030:1982 and clause 4.3 of IS 7112:2002 for
unlined and lined canals respectively. The freeboard shall be measured from the full
supply level to the level of the top of the bank. A freeboard of 1.0 m has been
provided.

The design section has been computed by calculating velocity using Manning’s'
equation and cross sectional area (A) computed considering channel side slopes of
1.5:1 i.e. stabilized regime section of unlined channel as
2 1
R 3
 S 2
V 
N

Where,

V = Velocity in m/s.
R = Hydraulic mean depth = A / P in meter.
A = Sectional area of canal with side slope 1.5:1, in square metre.
P = Wetted perimeter in metre.
S = Bed slope /water surface slope
N = Coefficient of Rugosity = 0.02

The following criteria have also to be kept in view while designing the irrigation
channels

a) Water Surface Slope

It has been adopted as per IS 7112, Annexure B. If the gradient is steep, falls / drops
are to be provided where the Canal Full Supply level touches the ground level.

b) Conveyance Losses

The conveyance losses to be adopted 2.25 m3/s/106 m2 of wetted area in case of

unlined canals and 0.60 m3/s/106 m2 for lined canals.

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

c) Water Allocation (Duty)

The water allocation (Duty) is to be taken as 1430 ha/ m3/s (100 acres/cusecs)
excluding losses.

d) Rugosity Co-efficient

The following values of rugosity co-efficient (N) are to be adopted in design of canal
system for channel with concrete lining 0.02 and for earthen channel 0.0225.

Design and drawing of the typical sections of lined canal are appended as Annexure
5.1.

5.2.2. Head Regulator at on existing Weir on Godavari River

A Head Regulator is a structure constructed at the head of a canal off taking from a
reservoir behind a weir/Cistern or a dam. The head regulator regulates the supply of
flow in the canal & also controls the silt entry in the canal. Head regulator also served
as a meter for measurement to the distributaries.

The Head Regulator has been designed for a discharge of 400 cumecs. There are 6
Nos. of bays of 10 m each. Breastwall has been provided to reduce the height of gates.
The sill level has been kept at El. 46.50 m and designed to pass the discharge with
water depth of 2.5 m above the sill level.

a) Head Regulator Service Gate (main canal at existing weir)

It is proposed to provide 6 (Six) sets of vertical lift wheel type 1000 mm*2500 mm
size gate for head regulator of Sita Rama existing weir. The gate shall be designed for
unbalanced head of 3.0 m corresponding to pond level & check for MWL in
accordance with the provision contained in IS:4622. These gats shall have upstream
skin plate& sealing in case of service gate. These gates shall be operated with the help
of electrically operated rope drum hoist of adequate capacity (16-ton tentative
capacity) installed on the trestle at E.L 56.5 m. Gates shall be used for regulation of
discharge to the pump house relating to lift irrigation scheme. The salient features are
as under:

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-5 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

1. Deck Level 56.5 m

2. Pond level 49.5 m
3. Sill Level 46.5 m
4. H.F.L 55.0 m
5. Top of opening 49.0 m
6. C.L of top seal 49.10 m
7. Clear Width of Opening 10.0 m
8. c/c of side seal (assumed) 10.15 m
9. c/c of track plate (assumed) 10.6 m
10. Height of C.L of Top seal 2.60 m
11. Water head on sill 3.0 m
12. Water head on Top seal 0.50 m
13. Total No. of opening 6 (Six) Nos.
14. Total No. of Gate Required 6 (Six) Nos.
15. Type of gate proposed Vertical lift fixed wheel type gate
16. Position of the skin plate and sealing Upstream
17. Seal Rubber IS: 11855
(i) Side and top seal Teflon cladded music note type
(ii) Bottom sill Wedge Type
18. Hoisting arrangement Individual electrically operated
rope drum hoist of adequate
capacity.
19. Operation Regulation of discharge
20. Design Standard IS: 4622, I.S: 800, IS: 6938, IS: 807
21. Design Condition Wet & inaccessible
22. Approximate Weight of the gate 7.04 ton/gate
23. Approximate weight of the Embedded parts 2.12 ton/bay
24. Hoist capacity 16 ton/per gate

b) Head Regulator Stop Logs

It is proposed to provide one set of sliding type stop logs consisting of 2 equal size
units of 10000 mm * 1375 mm size i.e two units and the top unit as non-

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-6 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

interchangeable unit for the maintenance of head regulator gates. The stop logs shall
be designed for unbalanced head of 3.0 m corresponding to pond level and checked
for MWL in accordance with the provision contained in IS:5620. The stop logs shall
have downstream skin plate and sealing. Each stop logs shall be operated with the
help of lifting beam and monorail crane of adequate capacity under balance head
condition achieved with the help of a pair of filling valve to be provided in the top
unit or crack opening from the top of the weir.

The salient features are as under:

1. Deck Level 56.50 m

2. MWL/Pond Level 49.50 m
3. Crest/sill Level 46.50 m
4. H.F.L. 55.0 m
5. Top of opening 49.0 m
6. C.L of top seal 49.10 m
7. Clear Width of Opening 10.0 m
8. c/c of side seal (assumed) 10.15 m
9. c/c of track plate (assumed) 10.6 m
10. Total eight of stop log One Set 2.6 + 0.15= 2.75m
11. Size of each unit Two Units (10.0*1.375) m
12. Water head on sill 3.0 m
13. Water head on Top seal 0.5 m
14. Total No. of opening 6 (Six) Nos.
15. Total No. of Stoplogs Required 1 set consisting of two non-
interchangeable units
16. Type of stop log proposed Sliding type gates
17. Position of the skin plate and sealing Downstream
18. Seal Rubber IS : 11855
19. Side and Top Seal Music Note Type
20. Bottom Seal Wedge Type
21. Mode of operation Lifting Beam + Monorail Crane
of Adequate Capacity

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-7 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

22. Operation Balance head condition achieved

with the help of 2 filling valves
provided in the top unit or crack
opening.
23. Design Standards IS:5620, IS:800, IS:6938,
IS:3177, IS:807
24. Approximate Weight of one set stop logs 6.21 tons
25. Approximate Weight of Embedded parts 1.12 ton/Bay
26. Hoist Capacity 10 tons

The Head Regulator design is appended as Annexure 5.2.

5.2.3. Design of Civil Structures

A) Cross Drainage Works

Whenever a canal crosses a natural drainage on its way, it is necessary to construct

hydraulic structure to dispose of drainage discharge, so that water supply continues
uninterrupted. These pukka works are termed as cross drainage works. Canals, which
are aligned as contour channels, cross largest number of natural nallah or drains.
Cross Drainage works are thus unavoidable on any canal system. These include
aqueducts, drainage syphons, super passages, drainage under tunnel and canal siphon,
falls, inlets, outlets and diversion works.

Drainage water interrupted by a canal may be disposed off

 By passing the canal over the drainage and is achieved through aqueduct
 By passing the drainage over the canal and is achieved through a supper passage
 By lowering the canal/drainage and is achieved through either drainage siphon or
drainage under tunnel.

CD works have been designed as per relevant IS codes. The Typical designs of
Aqueduct on the Main Canal is given as Annexure 5.3.

B) Cross Masonry Works

The irrigation canals create an obstruction to the traffic. Therefore, it crossing should
be provided at suitable intervals for roads, village cart tracks etc. These structures are

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-8 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

provided as Village Road Bridge, Major District Road Bridge, depending upon the
type of the road. Bridges in the canal system are provided based on the type of roads.
It crosses i.e. village road, district road, state highway or National highway. The
bridges are combined with irrigation structures like falls or regulators. All the bridges
across canals are designed according to IRC specifications/loadings. These are now
usually constructed with R.C.C decking and concrete substructure. The criteria for
Village Road Bridge and Major District Road Bridge are given in detailed below:

Design Criteria for Village Road Bridge/Single Lane

a) Waterway has been taken as bed width plus water depth.

b) Thickness of slab and reinforcement has been taken as per Ministry of
Transportation (MOT) Publication for Class-A loading.
c) Free Board has been taken as 1.0 m.
d) Depth of Foundation has been taken as 2.0 m below bed /ground level (whichever
is lower)
e) Top width of abutment has been taken as 1.6 m and width of Abutment at
bed/ground level as (0.9*h), where h is the height of abutment above bed/ground
level, whichever is lower.
f) Top of end wings walls is kept as 0.6 m and width at junction of foundation
concrete as (0.4*h)
g) Foundation of wings has been taken as 1.2 m below ground level.
h) Wearing coat in average thickness of 7.5 cm has been laid over R.C.C slab with M
15 grade.
i) Tell tale rings shall be provided and expansion joint of 25 mm thickness has been
provided in slab, which shall be filled with maxfalt mixed with wooden dust.
j) Bed block in M 20 concrete has been provided.
k) All pier and abutment work shall be done in M15
l) R.C.C work shall be in M20
m) Foundation concrete shall be in M10
n) Sand of Fineness Modulus shall not be less than 1.5.
o) Clear Carriage way of 4.25 m has been provided for single lane bridge

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-9 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Design Criteria for Major District Road Bridge/Double Lane

a) Waterway has been taken as bed width plus water depth.

b) Thickness of slab and reinforcement has been taken as per Ministry of
Transportation (MOT) Publication for Class-AA loading.
c) Free Board has been taken as 1.0 m.
d) Depth of Foundation has been taken as 2.0 m below bed /ground level (whichever
is lower)
e) Top width of abutment has been taken as 1.6 m and width of Abutment at
bed/ground level as (0.9*h), where h is the height of abutment above bed/ground
level, whichever is lower.
f) Top of end wings walls is kept as 0.6 m and width at junction of foundation
concrete as (0.4*h)
g) Foundation of wings has been taken as 1.2 m below ground level.
h) Wearing coat in average thickness of 7.5 cm has been laid over R.C.C slab with M
15 grade concrete.
i) Tell tale rings shall be provided and expansion joint of 25 mm thickness has been
provided in slab, which shall be filled with max falt mixed with wooden dust.
j) Bed block in M 20 concrete has been provided.
k) All pier and abutment shall be done in M15 concrete
l) R.C.C work shall be in M20 concrete
m) Foundation concrete shall be in M 10 concrete
n) Sand of Fineness Modulus shall not be less than 1.5.
o) Clear Carriage way of 7.5 m has been provided.
p) For Four lane bridge carriage way has been kept as 14.5 m

5.2.4. Lift System

Pump Houses proposed in the scheme consists of the following components:

a) Surge Pool
b) Draft Tubes
c) Pump house
d) Delivery Mains
e) Delivery Cistern

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-10 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

f) Electro-Mechanical works
g) Hydro-Mechanical works

Typical Design of Pump House and Power requirements in Scheme is appended at

Annexure 5.4 and 5.5 respectively.

5.2.5. DESIGN OF TUNNEL

The water conductor system of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project passes a hill due to
the topography of the project area. In this regard, a Tunnels are proposed wherever
required. The hydraulic design of tunnel at Ch. 110.475 Km with a diameter of 7.5 m
to carry a discharge of about 122 cumecs is appended as Annexure 5.6.

Chapter-5: Preliminary Design 5-11 WAPCOS Limited

ANNEXURE 5.1
 SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME (PHASE-I)
Annexure 5.1

Design of Canal Section

RD 0 Km - 10.5
RD 10.8 Km - 39.95 Kms
Sl.No Description Units Kms
Lined Lined

1 Discharge - Required Q(r) M3/Sec 382.33 254.89

Q Cusecs 13500.00 9000.00

2 Discharge - Designed Q(d) M3/Sec 382.44 259.88

3 Bed Width B m 67.00 30.00

4 FSD D m 4.00 5.00

5 Side Slopes (s) 1.50 1.50

6 Value of 'n' n - 0.02 0.02

7 Bed Fall 1 in 8000 8000
8 Area -A A Sq.m 292.00 187.50

9 Perimeter - P P m 81.422 48.028

10 R m 3.586 3.904

11 R 2/3 2.343 2.479

12 B/D - Ratio - 16.75 6.00

13 Velocity V m/sec 1.310 1.386

 SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
HEAD REGULATOR OF MAIN CANAL
Annexure 5.2
1 DESIGN DATA
S.No Particulars Value Unit
(i) Required Discharge Qr 400.00 cumecs
(ii) Designed Discharge (Qd) Qd 400.00 cumecs
(iii) Pond Level of Barrage FRL 49.50 m
Top Level of head regulator gate 49.80 m
(iv) Full Supply Level (FSL) FSL 49.00 m
(v) Canal Bed Level (CBL) CBL 45.00 m
(vi) Bed Width of HR (BW) BW 70.00 m
Bed Width of Canal 70.50 m
(viii) Full Supply Depth (FSD) FSD 4.00 m
(xi) Free Board (FB) FB 1.00 m
(xii) Canal Bed Slope S 1 in 8000
0.000125 -
(xiii) Safe Exit Gradient Ge 1 in 5
(xiv) Inner Side Slope (H:V) 1.5:1 -
(xv) Outer Side Slope (H:V) -
(xvi) Rugosity coefficient 'N' N 0.018 -
(xvii) Gravitational Acceleration (g) g 9.81 m/sec2
(xviii) Working head h 0.50 m
(xix) Type of canal Lined -
(xx) Lacey's silt factor f 1.00 -
(xxi) Angle of Offtake canal 107.00 degrees
(xxii) No. of Piers Np 5.00
(xxiii) Pier Width PW 2.00 m
(xxiv) Downstream Glacis Slope Sg 3H:1V 3 in 1
∆ The Head Regulator will be designed for submerged flow over the crest of Head regulator.

2 CREST LEVEL & WATERWAY

Q = 2/3 Cd1 L √2g [(h+ha)3/2 - ha3/2] + Cd2 L d √2g (h + ha)

Where, Cd1 0.577

Coefficient of Discharge
Cd2 0.8

1
 Waterway (Length of Crest) L BW - Np*PW 60 m

Effective Length of Head Regulator of waterway 59.1 m

400 = 2/3 * 0.577 * 59.1 * 4.41 * 0.5 ^1.5 + 0.8 * 59.18(19.62 * 0.5 )^0.5
400.00 = 35.45 + 148.09 d

Velocity of Approach Head ha 0 m

Hence, Top Level of HR gate - Crest Level d = 2.46 m

say = 2.50 m
Crest Level FSL-d 46.50 m
say 46.50 m
Calculate Discharge
405.66 > 400.000 cumecs

3 WIDTH OF CREST :
Sharp Crested Weir will be provided so as to have minimum possible head loss. The minimum width as per IS
6531-1994 is 2/3 He

Where He = U/S FSL - Crest level = 2.50 m

∆ min. width of crest = 1.67 m
Provide top width of crest for accomodating Gates and Stoplog = 2.50 m

4 LEVEL AND LENGTH OF D/S FLOOR :-

Discharge in Primary Main canal Q = 400.00 cumecs
Total clear waterway L = 60.00 m
Discharge Intensity q = 6.67 cumec/m
Head loss HL = 0.50 m
Critical Depth, Dc = (q2/g)1/3 Dc = 1.66 m
HL/Dc = 0.30
From Diagram Connecting HL and Ef2 for Given Discharges per metre run
Ef2 = 2.85 m
D1/Dc = 0.57
D2/Dc = 1.61
D2/D1 = 2.82
Prejump Depth D1 = 0.95 m
Post jump depth D2 = 2.67 m
D/s Floor Level FSL - D2 = 46.33 m

2
 Downstream Floor Level has been kept same as of CBL Say 45.00 m
Keep Cistern Level at El 45 m same as bed level of canal
Froude no. q / √ (g x D13) F = 2.31

Length of the Jump (From Fig 3. IS 4997-98) for

Lj/D2 = 4.5 m
F = 2.31
Lj = 12.03 m
Say 15.00 m
Provide Cistern Length as 15.00 m

(i) D/S Horizontal floor length = 2.00 m

(ii) D/S Inverse slope ( 5:1 slope ) = 0.00 m
(iii) D/S Cistern length = 15.00 m
(iv) D/S Glacis length ( 3:1 slope) = 4.50 m
(v) U/S Crest Width = 2.50 m
(vi) U/S floor length = 36.00 m
(vii) Total length of floor = 60.00 m
(viii) Provided total floor length = 60.00 m
(ix) Provided U/S Floor length = 36.00 m

5 VERTICAL CUT-OFFS
Scour Depth 1.35 (q^2/f)^(1/3) R = 4.78 m
Downstream Maximum Scour Depth 1.5 R = 7.18 m
Level of Scour Depth below FSL = 41.82 m
Scour Depth below canal bed level = 3.18 m
The minimum depth of U/S & D/S Cut-off required for the given discharge is 5m
(i) Provide D/S Cut-off of 5m depth below D/S bed level as per exit gradient = 5.00 m
Bottom elevation of Downstream pile = 40.00 m

6 FLOOR LENGTH AS PER KHOSLA THEORY

From Khosla's theory, the exit gradient can be expressed by the relation as
Maximum Water Level in River = 55.0 m
Exit gradient, GE = 1 / (pi x sqrt ( λ )) X (H / d )
Where, GE ( Exit gradient ) = 1 / 4
d = Depth of d/s cutoff = 5.00 m
H = Maximum static head = MW Level - D/S Bed Level = 10.00 m

3
 Substituting the values 1 / 4 = 1 / (pi x sqrt ( λ )) X (H / d )
or 1 / (pi x sqrt ( λ )) = 0.125
λ = 6.485
2 So, α = 11.93
λ = (1+sqrt(1+α ))/2
α = (b/d) So, Floor Length b = 59.64
Say = 60.00

7 PRESSURE VARIATION & THICKNESS CALCULATIONS

U/S D/S

E1 C1 EC
Floor Length = 60.00 m
D1 D
( i ) At U/S & D/S cut off wall Total floor length (b) = 60.00 m
Depth of D/S cut off wall (d) = 5.00 m
From Khosla's equation 1/α = d/b = 0.083
α = b/d = 12.00
λ = (1 + √ (1 + α2))/2 = 6.52
ΦE = (1/pi) *Cos-1((λ - 2)/λ) = 25.62 %
ΦD = (1/pi) *Cos-1((λ - 1)/λ) = 18.00 %
ΦC1 = 100 - ΦE = 74.38 %
ΦD1 = 100 - ΦD = 82.00 %

(ii) At Downstream of Glacis

ΦGlacis = ΦE + (D/s Floor Length upto Glacis end point)*(ΦC1-ΦE)/b = 39.44 %
Balanced Head = 3.944 m
Thickness of floor at Glacis end point = 3.18 m

(iii) At 7m from D/s End of Floor

= ΦE + (7)*(ΦC1-ΦE)/b = 31.31 %
Balanced Head = 3.131 m
Thickness of floor at Glacis end point = 2.52 m

4
8 Protection Works beyond Impervios Floor

(i) Upstream protection :

Provide Curtain Grouting along U/s Cut-Off 3 m c/c, 10 m deep 1 row

(ii) Downstream protection :

Provide Curtain Grouting along D/s Cut-Off 3 m c/c, 10 m deep 1 row

Scour Depth R = 4.78 m

Anticipated Scour 2R = 9.57 m

Downstream Scour Level = 39.43 m
Scour Depth below D/s Floor D = 5.57 m

(a) Inverted Filter

Length of inverted filter should be equal to 'D' meter and thickness equal to D/s Launching apron
Depth of scour below floor level D = 5.57 m
1.5D = 1.5 x 5.57 = 8.36 m
No. of rows of c.c. blocks = 8.36 /1.2 = 6.97
say, 9.00
Length of c.c. blocks = 9 x 1.2 = 10.8 m
Provide 9 rows of 1.2m X 1.2m X 0.9m C.C. Blocks with gap of 75mm filled with 'bajri' over 0.6m thick graded
filter in a length of 10.8 m

(b) Launching Apron

Thickness of Launching Apron = 1.5 m
Quantity of Launching Apron required = 12.53 m3/m
The launching apron is assumed to launch in slope 2H:1 V
Sloping length = 12.45 m
say = 13.0 m
Length Required = 8.7 m
Say 9.0 m

5
 Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme
Annexure 5.3
Aqueduct at Kinnersani River at RD 36.250 Km

Particulars Symbols/ Formulas Calculation Units

I Input Data
1 Design Discharge Q 255.00 Cumecs
2 Design Bed Width B 30.00 m
3 Design FSD D 5.00 m
5 Rugosity Coefficient (N) N 0.020
6 Velocity in meter/sec V 1.39 m/sec
7 Free Board 0.75 1.00 m
8 CVR 1.00
9 Bed level at U/S CBL U/S 64.00 m
10 Bed level at D/S CBL D/S 64.00 m
11 Full supply level U/S FSL U/S 69.00 m
12 Full supply level D/S FSL D/S 69.00 m
13 NSL NSL 57.00 m
2
14 Catchment Area CA 1650.00 Km

2 Design of Drainage water way:-

High Flood Discharge:-

Catchment Area at existing Kinnersani Project 1333.00 Sq.kms
Design Flood at existing Kinnersani Project 5663.37 Cumecs
Catchment Area at Aqueduct Site 1650.00 Sq.kms
Design Flood of Kinnersani River at Aqueduct Site (Q) 6646.08 Cumecs
Q= Say 6650.00 m3/sec

General Ground Level = NSL= 57.00 m

High flood level as per analysis carried out, HFL = 62.00 m

Hence Canal bed level is 64 m

Lacey's Perimeter P=4.83√Q 393.9 m

The drain/river linear water way may be provided about 50% - 80% of Lacey's Perimeter.
Hence Provide water way (assuming 80% of Lacey's Perimeter) = 315.1 m
say 320.0 m

Clear Span between Piers 12.00 m

Thickness of Piers 2.00 m
No. of bays to be provided 23.00
Provide 23 bays of 12 m each having 22 piers of 2 m thick

Total Water way between the 23 x 12 + 22 x 2 320.00 m

abutment= Length of flumed portion
3 Design of Canal Water Way

Bed width of canal = 30.00 m

FSD = 5.0 m
Provide width of the flumed portion (70 % of the canal width) = 22.0 m
Let the normal canal width of 30m be flumed to 22m. (i.e., about 70% of the normal width). Providing
a splay of 2:1 in contraction and 3:1 in Expansion
Therefore width of flumed portion 22.0 m
length of Contraction portion Lf contr. =(30-22)/2 x 2 8.0 m
length of Expansion transition Lf Expansion.=(30-22)/2 x 3 12.00 m
In transitions, the side slopes of the canal section will be warped in plan from the original slope of 1.5H:1 to
vertical i.e., rectangular section

4 Design of Transitions

Since the depth is kept constant, Mitra's transition equation is uses as:
Contraction transition Bx= (Bn.Bf.Lf)/ (Lf.Bn-x(Bn-Bf))
Bn.Bf.Lf=30x22x8 5280.000
Lf.Bn 240.000
Bn-Bf 8.000
Bx 5280/(240-8X)

Value of Bx are shown in Table-1

Expansion transition Bx= (Bn.Bf.Lfe)/ (Lfe.Bn-x(Bn-Bf))

Bn.Bf.Lfe 7920.000
Lfe.Bn 360.000
Bn-Bf 8.000
Bx 7920/(360-8X)

Value of Bx are shown in Table-2

5 Head loss and bed levels at different sections

At Section -4-4:-

Area A4= (B+sd)d (30+1.5x5)x5

187.50 m2
Velocity V4=Q/A4=255/187.5 1.36
2 0.094 m
Velocity Head h4 h4=(V4) /2g
RL at Bed at Section -4-4 As per data 64.000 m
RL of Water Surface at 4-4 64+5 69.000 m
RL of TEL at section 4-4 69+0.094 69.094 m

At Section -3-3:- keeping the same depth of water as 5m

Clear Water Way B3 21.000 m

Area at Section-3-3 Area = A3=B3 x d 105.00 m2
Velocity V3=Q/A3=255/105 2.43 m/sec
2 0.301 m
Velocity Head h3 h3=(V3) /2g
Head loss in Expansion from Section 3- 0.3(V32-V42)/(2xg) = 0.3( 2.43^2 - 0.062 m
3 to Section 4-4 1.36^2)/(2*9.81)
RL of TEL at section 3-3 = RL of TEL at 69.094+0.062 69.156 m
section 4-4 + Loss in Expansion
RL of water surface at section 3-3 = RL 69.156-0.301 68.855 m
of TEL at section 3-3 - Velocity
head(h3)
RL of Canal bed at section 3-3 = RL of 68.855-5 63.855 m
water suface at section 3-3 -Full
supply depth

At Section 2-2

Clear Water Way B3 21.00 m

Area at Section-3-3 Area = A3=B3 x d 105.00 m2
Area of trough at section 2-2 = A2= B2 A2=21x5 105.00 m2
xd
Wetted Perimeter P2= (B2 + 2d) P2=2+2x5 32.00 m
Velocity v2=Q/A2=v3=Q/A3=255/105 2.43 m/sec.
velocity head=h2=h3= 0.301 m
Since the section is rectangular and constant frmsection 3-3 to 2-2. therefore area and velocity are
same.
There is a friction loss between section 2-2 and section 3-3. Hence the following mannings formula
will be used for head loss due to friction
R A2/P2=105/32 3.28 m

Head Loss HL2=n2v2L/R4/3 0.155 m

here L=320m, n=0.02 v= 1.39m/sec, R=3.28m

RL of TEL at section 2-2= RL of TEL at 69.156+0.155 69.311 m
section 3-3 + Friction loss
RL of Water Surface at section 2-2 = 69.311-0.301 69.010 m
RL of TEL at section 2-2-Velocity
head3-3
RL of Bed level at section 2-2 = RL of 69.01-5 64.010 m
water surface - FSD

At Section 1-1
A1=A4 187.500 2
Area m
Velocity V1=V4 1.36 m/sec
Velocity V2=V3 2.43 m/sec
2 2 0.041 m
Loss of Head in Contraction HL=0.2(V2 -V1 )/2g
RL of TEL at section 1-1= RL of TEL at 69.311+0.041 69.353 m
section2-2 + loss in transition
69.353-0.094 69.258 m
RL of Water Surface at section 1-1= RL
of TEL at section1-1 -Velocity head4-4
RL of TEL at section 1-1 = RL of water 69.258-5 64.258 m
surface - water head
6 Design of Trough :

The trough shall be designed keeping the following data

Width of trough 22.00 m
wall thickness 0.50 m
bottom slab of trough 0.50 m

A free board of 1m above the normal water depth of 5m is sufficient and hence, the bottom level of
bridge slab over the compartment can be kept at 5+1=6m above the bed level of the trough. The
height of the trough will therfore be kept equal to 6 m. The entire trough will be constructed in
monolithic reinforced concrete and can be designed by usual structural methods

7 Maximum Scour Depth:

Width of the River at HFL = 680.000 m

Discharge per unit width = 9.78 m3/s/m

Silt Factor 1.25

Depth of Scour " Rn = " = 1.35 x (q2/f)^(1/3)

= 1.35 x ( 9.78^2/1.25)^(1/3) 5.74 m

Maximum Scour depth is 2Rn at nose

i.e.,
of Rpiers
= 2 x 5.74 11.48 m
Scour below River Bed level 6.48 m
Say 7.00 m

Hence Foundation level = 50.00 m

 Table:1
For various values of X lying between 0 to 8 & various value of Bx for Contraction transition
are worked out on the basis of eqn Bx as shown below in the table-1

X 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00

Bx 22.00 23.57 25.38 27.50 30.00

Table-2

For various values of X lying between 0 to 12 & various value of Bx for Expansion transition
are worked out on the basis of eqn as shown below in the table-2

X 0 3 6 9 12
Bx 22.00 23.57 25.38 27.50 30.00
 Plan for Canal Water Way
1 2 3 4

2 3
1 1

30m 22m 30m

320m
8m 12m
1
2 3 4

TEL 69.353 69.311 69.156 69.094

Water Level 69.258 69.010 68.855 69

Bed Level 64.258 64.010 63.855 64

Elevation Of Canal Water Way

Table -A
 ANNEXURE: 5.4

SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME (Phase-I)

Design of Pumphouse at Kilometre 10.50 Kms

I Design of Sump (As per IS 15310:2003)

1 Design Discharge 255 Cumecs

2 Bed Width of Canal 67 Metres
3 Water Depth at FSL 4 Metres
4 Sump is being designed for detenetion period of 8 min as per relevant IS code 8 Minutes
5 Total Capacity of Sump (in the deepest portion) 122400 Cubic Metres
6 Depth of Sump at Pump
Distance of Bell Mouth from Bed of Sump 2 Metres
Diameter of Bell Mouth 5 Metres
Minmum water Depth at the Bell Mouth of Sump,
1.5x5
where 5 m is dia of Bell Mouth 7.5 Metres
So, Total depth of the sump required at the Suction Pipe 9.5 Metres
This depth is to be provided upto a length of 10D, where D is Dia of Bell Mouth 60 Metres
No. of Pumps Required (assuming the velocity in the suction and
7 delivery pipe as 2.5 m/s and Diameter of 3.3 m for
Metallic/Concrete Volute Pumps) 11.92
say 12.00 nos.
Providing 20% for Stand By Pumps 2.4
say 3 nos.
Total Number of Pumps to be provided 15 nos.
Keeping the distance of pipes/pumps 2D c/c, where D is the
Diameter of Bell Mouth @ 10.0 Metres C/C
Say 12.25 m C/C
8 Hence Width of Sump to accomodate 15 Pumps of 3.3 m diameter 184 Metres

Avg. depth of Water = (4 + 9.5)/2 6.75 Metres

Avg. width of Forebay = (67+184)/2 125.5 Metres
Length of Forebay 144.5 Metres
Say 150 Metres

II Design of Cistern
Cistern is to be designed for a detention period of 8 minutes so that
canal may run smoothly
a Detention Time 10 min
b Capacity required 153000 Cubic metres
c Width of Cistern 190 m
d Water Depth 6.5 m
e Length Required 123.9 m
Let us provide length, say 236 m

The RCC sidewalls are proposed with 0.3 m thickness at top and 0.5
m at the bottom. The floor with 0.15 m thick CC slab with 15 cm
thick lean concrete beneath it.
 SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME
(Concrete/Metallic Volute pumps with 10% Over Load and 85% Pump Efficiency)
Power Requirement Calculations - Phase I
Location Location Location Location Location
Lift @ 10.50 Km at Lift @ 43.90 Km at Lift @ 56.65 Km at Kamalapuram Village Lift @ Dibbagudem
S.No. Description
Sitaramapuram Village Pusugudem

Towards Rollapadu Towards Satupally

1 Total Discharge Required ( Cumecs ) 180.00 180.00 140.00 45.00 17.00
2 No. of Pumps 9 9 7 2 1
3 No. of Delivery mains 9 9 7 2 1
No. of Standby Pumps 3 3 2 1 1
4 Low Water level ( m ) 47.69 68.50 113.16 113.16 198.00
5 FRL/Max. water level ( m ) 72.18 115.00 165.00 200.00 265.00
6 Delivery level ( = FRL/MWL + D/2 +0.5m) 74.41 117.23 167.23 202.23 266.73
7 Static Head in m (= DL - LWL) 26.72 48.73 54.07 89.07 68.73
8 Discharge in each Pump ( Cumecs ) 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.50 17.00
say 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.50 17.00
Velocity Calculations
9 Discharge in each Delivery main (Cumecs ) 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.50 17.00
10 Length of each delivery main ( Km ) 0.30 1.85 2.50 3.00 2.50
11 Diameter of each delivery main (m) 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 2.30
12 Velocity in each delivery main (m/s) 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.63 4.09

Pump Head Calculations

13 Length of Approach canal (Km) 10.50 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
14 Water conveyance loss (m) in Approach (assumed with slope 1 in 8000) 1.31 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
15 Losses due to fall in surge pool ( m ) 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
15 Friction losses in Pumps & valves (m) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Pipe Losses
16 Discharge in each Delivery main (Cumecs ) 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.50 17.00
17 Friction losses in Delivery main ( m ) as per Hazen Williams Formula 0.26 1.61 2.18 3.25 9.35
18 Total losses ( m ) 8.57 8.63 9.20 10.27 16.37
19 Static Head ( m) 26.72 48.73 54.07 89.07 68.73
20 Total pump head (H) in m 35.29 57.35 63.26 99.33 85.10

Power Calculations
21 Pump efficiency (η) 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85
22 P = (1000 x 9.81 x Q x H/η) in MW 8.15 13.24 14.60 25.79 16.70
23 over load @ 10% in MW 0.81 1.32 1.46 2.58 1.67
24 Power Required in MWs for each pump 8.96 14.56 16.06 28.37 18.37
say 9.00 15.00 16.50 28.50 18.50
25 Total Power Required in MWs for pump station 81.00 135.00 115.50 57.00 18.50
26 Installed Capacity in MWs for pump station including Standby 108.00 180.00 148.50 85.50 37.00
 SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME (PHASE-I)
Annexure 5.6
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF TUNNEL AT CH. 110.475 KM
FRICTION LOSSES
1 Shape of Tunnel Proposed D-Shaped
2 Design Discharge, Qd = 122 Cumecs
3 Length = 2000 m
4 Diameter, D = 7.5 m
5 Free Board = 1 m
6 Flow Condition = Free Flow

Calculation of Wetted Area and Perimeter

7 Free Board Area = 3.504 Sqm
8 Wetted Area, A = 47.402 Sqm
9 Wetted Perimeter, P = 21.240 m
10 Hydraulic Mean Depth, R = A/P
11 Therefore, R = 47.402 / 21.24 = 2.232 m
12 Velocity in Tunnel, V = Qd/A
13 Therefore, V = 122 / 47.402 = 2.574 m/sec
As the velocity in the Tunnel is less than the Average permissible velocity of 6 m/sec in a
concrete lined tunnel as per Clause No. 5.1, Pg -14 of IS:4880 (Part - III) - 1976, Hence the
section of the tunnel considerded is OK

14 As per Manning's Formula

As per clause No.4.1.1, Pg.-8 of IS:4880 (Part - III) - 1976
Frictional Loss Hf = S x L, Where L is the Length of Tunnel
Hf = [ V 2 x n 2 x L /( R ^ 4/3)]
Where rugosity coefficient, n 0.018
Therefore, Hf = [(2.574^2) x (0.018^2) x 2000] / 2.232^ 4/3 = 1.472 m
Slope 0.00074
1 in 1358.696
Provide Slope 1 in 1200.000
s 0.001
Adopt 7.5 m Diameter Tunnel with a Bed Slope of 1 in 1200 for Conveying water in Free Flow Condition
with a Free Board of 1m.

15 As per Darcy Weisbach Formula

As per clause No.4.1.2, Pg.-9 of IS:4880 (Part - III) - 1976
Hf = [ f x L x V x V x L /( 2 * g)]
Friction Coefficient depends upon relative roughness coefficient,
Ks/D and Reynold's Number, Re
Ks is equivalent sand grain roughness = 0.0006 m
Adopting conservative value as per clause No. 4.1.2.1, Pg. - 10 of
IS:4880 (Part - III)-1976
Re = V x D / µ
Kinematic Viscosity, µ = 0.00000084 m/sec
 As per Clause No. 3.2.5 and Fig -2, Pg. - 9 & 10 of IS:2951 (Part - I)-
1965
Equivalent Circular Diameter of Tunnel, D = 7.8 m
Therefore, Re = [(2.574 x 7.8] / 0.00000084 = 23901428.57
Ks/D = 0.00007692
D/Ks = 13000.00
For the above D/Ks and Re, f 0.013
As per Fig.-3, Pg. -19 of IS:2951 (Part - I) - 1965
Therefore, Hf = [(0.013 x 2000 x 2.57^2] / ( 2 x g x 7.8) = 1.126 m

16 ENTRY LOSS IN TUNNEL

Entry loss is given by formula as per clause No. 4.3, Pg. - 11 of IS:4880 (Part - III) - 1976
He = Ke x V^2/2g
Ke is the loss coefficient for entrance, minimum value of Ke = 0.5,
i.e. in thin wall - bottom and sides supressed as per SI No. ii of Table - 0.5
1, Clause 4.3.1 of IS:4880 (Part - III) - 1976
He = 0.169 m

17 EXIT LOSS IN TUNNEL

Exit loss is given by formula as per clause No. 4.7, Pg. - 13 of
IS:4880 (Part - III) - 1976
Hex = Kex x V^2/2g
Kex is the loss coefficient for exit = 1.0 as the tunnel discharges
1
water freely
Hex = 0.338 m

Total Losses = 1.979 m

7.5 m
6. IRRIGATION PLANNING
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER – 6
IRRIGATION PLANNING
6.1. INTRODUCTION

This scheme envisages lifting of Godavari water from U/s of Dummugudem Anicut to
Irrigate upland areas of Khammam and Warangal Districts. The proposed scheme is to
integrate earlier proposed Indira Sagar and Rajiv Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme into one
lift irrigation scheme and also to cover the Gap Ayacut which is not coming under any
present or future irrigation scheme. Accordingly, the project is now renamed as Sita
Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme is being formulated to irrigate about 9.36 Lakh Acres of
Bhadradri- Kothagudem Khammam and Mahabubabad Districts. The project has been
planned to execute in two phases. Phase – I of the Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme will
cover the Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts whereas Phase
– II will cover the Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts. Phase
– I of this scheme covers command area of 2,72,921 Ha with new ayacut of about
1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha. The present report deals with
Phase-I of the Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme.

6.2. AGRO-CLIMATE

Based on the Physiography, Soil types, crops and cropping patterns the Telangana state
has been divided into four Agro-climatic zones. The agro-climatic zones are shown in
the figure 6.1. They are

a) Northern Telangana Zone

 It includes Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar Districts.
 Annual Rainfall is 900 mm to 1150 mm
 Red soils are predominant
 Rice, Maize, Soybean, Cotton, Red gram are major crops
b) Central Telangana Zone

 It includes Medak, Warangal and Khammam Districts

 Rainfall is between 800 to 1150 mm
 Red soils are predominant
 Cotton, Rice, Maize, Green gram, Mango are important crops
Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-1 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

c) Southern Telangana Zone

 It includes Rangareddy, Hyderabad, Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda Districts

 Rainfall is between 600 to 780 mm
 Red soils are predominant
 Cotton, Rice, Red gram, Maize and Green gram are important crops

d) High altitude and Tribal zone

 It includes Northern and Eastern borders of Adilabad and Khammam Districts

 Rainfall is 1400 mm
 Red sandy soils, Red loams with clasy base
 Chilly, Rice, cotton etc. are major crops

Fig 6.1 Agro-Climatic Zones

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-2 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

The Sita Rama Lift Irrigation scheme (Phase-I) has a new command area of about
1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha. of existing Major Projects such as
NSP, Wyra, Paleru and minor irrigation projects lies in project area of Telangana. The
project area which falls under semi-arid region receives average rainfall of 1045 mm per
annum. Out of total rainfall, about 70-75 percent is received during rainy season from
June to September. The remaining 25-30% rainfall is received in winter and summer
months.

The project area experience maximum temperature ranging from 40 oC to 47oC in the
month of May. While minimum temperature of 9oC to 17oC is experienced in
December–January but it was to 26oC to 29oC in May. Humidity in the morning is very
high exceeding 75% from July to September. In dry months of March to May it is
generally low with an average of 25 to 30 percent.

There are three distinct cropping seasons namely, Kharif, Rabi and Zaid. Kharif season
starts with onset of south-west monsoon in the month of June and terminates in
September-October. The crops are grown mainly as rainfed in Kharif season. Owing to
limited irrigation facilities Kharif is the main cropping season in this region.
Productivity of Kharif crops depends on timely rain and its distribution in the season.
The sowing of Kharif crops is mostly done in June- July but it continues upto September
in some cases. Kharif crops are harvested in October-November. The sowing of Rabi
crops starts in November as soon as the fields are vacated from Kharif crops and
continues till late December. Rabi crops are harvested by April. In Zaid season, crops
can be grown with assured irrigation facilities. Short duration crops like urad, mung or
maize can be grown from February to May-June. Some crops like paddy, maize,
sorghum, vegetables etc can be grown through out the year with assured irrigation.
Telangana is endowed with mild climate which is suitable for growing majority of crops
where irrigation facilities are available. Khammam district of the region will prosper
with development of irrigation potential through the Phase-I of the present scheme.

6.3. EXISTING CROPPING PATTERN

Important crops grown in Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts

of Telangana are Paddy, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Redgram, Greengram, Blackgram,
Horsegram, Bengalgram, Cowpea, Groundnut, Sesamum, Castor, Sunflower, Chillies,
Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-3 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Cotton, Sugarcane and Tobacco. Average area covered by different crops in Kharif
season comes to 4,00,000 hectares and in Rabi season to 1,00,000 hectares. But during
2013-2014, actual area covered by different crops was 3,88,152 hectares in Kharif and
1,03,942 hectares in Rabi season (Table 6.1).

Rice is a major crop covering 33.9% of the total cropped area in Kharif and 8.6% area in
Rabi. Therefore, rice alone covers more than 40% of the total cropped area. Being a
crop with high water requirement its area needs to be replaced by more remunerative
crops in Rabi when it is grown as an irrigated crop. Maize is another cereal crop
occupying about 6.8 % area both in Kharif as well as in Rabi. Jowar occupies about
14.2% area in Rabi and very little area (0.4%) in Kharif. Bajra is grown on very limited
area in Kharif season.

Table 6.1 Area and Productivity of Different Crops in Project Area

Area (Hectares) Productivity
S. No. Name of Crop
(kg/ha)
Kharif Percent Rabi Percent
1 Rice 131584 33.9 8939 8.6 2944
2 Jowar 1553 0.4 14760 14.2 956
3 Bajra 388 0.1 0 0 942
4 Maige 26006 6.7 7068 6.8 5500
5 Redgram 35322 9.1 1871 1.8 573
6 Greengram 69479 17.9 9874 9.5 798
7 Blackgram 1941 0.5 19229 18.5 1044
8 Horsegram 0 0 1247 1.2 478
9 Bengalgram 0 0 935 0.9 1716
10 Cowpea 0 0 6860 6.6 0
11 Groundnut 388 0.1 8835 8.5 1663
12 Sesamum (Til) 11256 2.9 5301 5.1 248
13 Castor 0 0 0 0 0
14 Sunflower 0 0 728 0.7 0
15 Chillies 16302 4.2 11330 10.9 4179
16 Cotton 90051 23.2 0 0 533
17 Sugarcane 3882 1 1663 1.6 2730
18 Tobacco 0 0 5301 5.1 4343
Total: 388152 100 103942 100

Among pulses, maximum area (17.9% in Kharif and 9.5% in Rabi) is occupied by green
gram, followed by blackgram (0.5% in Kharif and 18.5% in Rabi). Redgram is another

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

important pulse crop occupying more than 10% of total cropped area mainly in Kharif
season. Horsegram, bengalgram and cowpea are grown only in Rabi season on a limited
scale.

Groundnut, sesamum, castor and sunflower are being grown in Project Area. Among
oilseed crops, groundnut and sesamum occupy a total of 8.6 and 8.0 percent area both in
Kharif and Rabi put together respectively, while castor and sunflower occupy less than
1% area. Chillies is important crop in Project area which occupies more than 15% area
(4.2% in Kharif and 10.9% in Rabi). Sugarcane and tobacco are also being grown
covering about 2.5 and 5.1 percent cropped area, respectively.

Cotton is most important cash crop which is grown only in Kharif season and covers
about 25% of the cropped area in Kharif season. Area wise, cotton occupies second rank
in the project area while first rank is occupied by rice crop.

Data in Table 6.1 reveal that the cropped area in Kharif season in Project area is about
3.88 lakh hectare while cropped area in Rabi season is only about 1.04 lakh hectare.
This indicates that only about 25% area is covered by Rabi crops and the remaining area
remains fallow. It is mainly because in Kharif season crops are grown as rainfed, which
is not feasible in Rabi season. Once the irrigation facilities are developed through Sita
Rama lift irrigation project, the cropped area in Rabi can be increased by about 4-fold.
This will result not only in increased production but will also provide an opportunity to
grow some new more remunerative crops like pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits,
flowers, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants etc. Also, there will be ample scope to
increases the area of existing crops in Rabi season like chillies, tobacco and sugarcane.

At present crops are not being grown in Zaid season in project area but with availability
of irrigation water, crops like greeengram, blackgram, maize etc can be grown in
summer season also.

The data on productivity (Table 6.1) reveal that among cereals, maximum productivity
is obtained from Sugar Cane (9728 kg/ha) followed by Chillies (4179 kg/ha). Another
important cereal is Rice and Jowar, which gives 2994 Kg/ha and 956 kg/ha. Pulses have
much lower productivity than cereals. Redgram showed productivity of 573 kg/ha while
greengram produced only 798 Kg/ha. Important oilseeds in Project Area are groundnut
Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-5 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

and sesamum with productivity of 1663 kg/ha and 248 kg/ha, respectively. Cotton is
widely grown as cash crop and has productivity of 393 kg/ha, while chillies produce
about 4179 kg/ha.

The productivity of Kharif crops depends on amount and distribution of rainfall because
Kharif crops are grown as rainfed but productivity of Rabi crops depends on availability
of irrigation at critical stages. With development of irrigation facilities, the productivity
of Rabi crops can be enhanced. There will also be option of replacing low productivity
crops with high value productivity crops.

In Kharif season, there may be sufficient rains to grow crops from June to September
but after mid-September, Kharif crops also need irrigation at reproductive stage. This
project will store excess rain water in July-August to be used for irrigation in later part
of Kharif season in September-October. Most of the Kharif crops are harvested in
November. The productivity of Kharif crops will increase due to availability of
irrigation at maturity stage.

6.4. IRRIGATION SCHEMES

Project Area has different sources of irrigation including major and medium irrigation
projects and wells along with other minor sources. Total irrigated area in the project area
is estimated at 2,27,396 hectares. Out of the total irrigated area about 40% is contributed
by Nagarjuna Sagar project (Table 6.2). Bore wells contribute about 30% of the
irrigated area. Other minor sources also contribute about 15% irrigated area. Therefore,
all other medium size irrigation projects put together contribute about 15% of irrigated
area in the district.

Table 6.2 Irrigation Projects in the Bhadradri- Kothagudem and Khammam Districts of
Telangana
SNo. Source of Irrigation Area Irrigated (ha) Percent
1 Nagarjuna Sagar Project 91904 40.0
2 Wyra 6965 3.0
3 Thaliperu 9880 4.3
4 Bayyaram 2880 1.3
5 Bathupally 2080 0.9

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-6 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

6 Lankasagar 2940 1.3

7 Mukamamidi 1304 0.5
8 Redawagu 6400 2.8
9 Minor sources 34336 15.3
10 Bore wells and other sources 69517 30.5
Total 227396

Several schemes are also being implemented in the district for welfare of the farmers.
Some of such schemes are listed here.

1. Distribution of seed on 33% subsidy during Kharif season. This scheme is a relief
measure to farmers suffering from severe drought conditions.
2. Distribution of seed on 50% subsidy during Rabi 2015-16. In this programme, seeds
of maize, jowar, blackgram, redgram, greengram, bengalgram, groundnut, cowpea
and sunflower was distributed to farmers.
3. Green manure seed distribution on 50% subsidy. To improve the fertility of the soil
seed of Dhaincha was distributed to farmers.
4. The subsidy to the tune of about Rs. 15 Crores was made available to the farmers in
Khammam.
5. On-farm extension demonstrations were conducted by adopting latest production
technology on different crops. Large number of farmers benefited by adopting latest
technology on their farms.
6. Farmers field schools were organized to train 30 farmers in each school about
various expects of crop production and integrated nutrient and pest management.

6.5. PROPOSED CROPPING PATTERN

The cropping pattern in a particular area is governed by its climate including maximum
and minimum temperature, rainfall and its distribution, soil type and topography,
availability of irrigation facilities, supply of agricultural inputs and capacity of farmers
to buy them, and ultimately marketing support to the agricultural produce associated
with its demand. The availability of irrigation water through this project is likely to
bring perceptible change in existing crop scenario in the district.

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-7 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

At present, rice occupies about 34% cropped area in Kharif season and another 8.6%
area in Rabi season. During Kharif season rice is mainly grown as rainfed crop and it
does not make use of irrigation water. But in Rabi season rice is grown as irrigated crop.
Rice having higher water requirement than other crops utilizes sizable amount of
irrigation water which can other wise be used to grow other crops like pulses oil seeds
and cash crops including vegetables, fruits and spices in much larger area. Thus, if rice
crop is replaced by more remunerative crops in Rabi season like vegetables, fruits,
pulses and oilseeds, it can fetch a better price and bring about prosperity to the farmers
in the district. It is therefore suggested that rice cultivation may be restricted to Kharif
season and replaced by other crops in Rabi season with lesser water requirements. For
instance, wheat is not a popular crop in Khammam district, but wheat can replace rice in
Rabi season. At present, pulses are being grown in about 27.5% area in Kharif and
38.5% area in Rabi season. Pulse production in Rabi season can be increased by about
5%, if 5.6% area occupied by rice in Rabi season is spared. The area under oilseeds is
only 3.0% in Kharif and 14.3% in Rabi season. Minor adjustments can be made in
oilseed area depending upon its economics vis-à-vis rice and other crops.

Cotton being important cash crop occupies about 23.2% area in Kharif season. With
availability of improved varieties and pest management techniques the risk factor in
cotton cultivation may be reduced and its area enhanced for cultivation. Among
vegetables/spices, chillies occupies 4.2% area in Kharif and 10.9% area in Rabi. Its area
may be readjusted and other vegetables, fruits and spice crops may be introduced with
availability of irrigation facilities. Sugarcane and tobacco are other cash crops grown on
very limited scale. Its needs a closer look to decide their area under changed conditions
keeping economic considerations in view.

Flower cultivation can also be taken on small scale to start with and extended later
depending upon demand and market support. Flowers like marigold, gladiolus, rose etc
can be grown where irrigation facilities are available. It may have scope near cities
particularly in festival season.

About 48% of the area in Khammam district is occupied by forests. Agro-forestry can
be introduced in some of the area where irrigation facilities are developed. Some
perennial trees like poplar eucalyptus etc. may be planted and annual crop like rice,

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-8 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

pulse oilseeds may be grown in between the rows of trees. In addition, shade loving
plants like turmeric may be grown under the trees. Cultivation of medicinal and
aromatic plants like mentha, lemongrass, cytronella, palmrose, ashwagandha,
sarpgandha etc can be introduced in some of the areas where assured irrigation facilities
are available. These plants along with field crops can supplement income of the farmers.
These plants can also provide raw material for industries in the nearby areas. The
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) located at Maulali, Bod
Uppal and Hyderabad can provide technical know how and feasibility guidelines for
suitability of medicinal and aromatic plant cultivation in the district.

Based on the existing cropping pattern and supplementation of irrigation potential in

project area following rotations can be suggested for adoption by the farmers.

1. Paddy- Bengalgram
2. Maize- Greengram/Wheat
3. Jowar- Blackgram
4. Bajra- Ground nut
5. Groundnut+ Bajra- Chillies
6. Redgram-Vegetables
7. Cotton-Greengram
8. Cotton-Blackgram
9. Cotton-Cowpea
10. Sesamum-Tobacco
11. Chillies-Sugarcane
12. Paddy-Maize

6.6. IMPACT OF THE PROJECT

The data in Table 6.1 indicates that in Project Area, farmers are growing only Kharif
and Rabi season crops. In Rabi season, also the cropped area is quite limited and comes
to about 25% of Kharif season. With development of irrigation facilities, not only the
area of Rabi can be increased 3-4-fold, but it would be feasible and advisable to grow
certain crops in Zaid (summer) season also. Under assured irrigation facilities, crops like
greengram, blackgram, maize, mentha etc. can be grown quite successfully to augment

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-9 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

the income of the farmers. It will also provide an opportunity for proper utilization of
farm labour throughout the year.

Data in Table 6.2 reveals that at present the irrigation potential in district is about 2.27
lakh hectare. Therefore, the present potential is sufficient only to irrigate about 0.76 lakh
hectare area thrice in Rabi season. It is less than the actual area of Rabi crops indicating
that all the cropped area received less than 3 irrigations in the season. It can be
therefore, inferred that the area of Rabi can be increased only with enhanced irrigation
potential in the district. About 70 TMC water lifted from Godavari will be utilized under
Phase-I of this Scheme.

Table 6.3 Utilization of Water under this scheme

S. No Description Area in Ha Water Allocation
(TMC)
1 New Ayacut 133000 45
2 Stabilization of NSP 95035 14.5
3 Stabilization of Wyra 7040 1
4 Stabilization of Paleru 6043 1
Stabilization of Other Minor
5 31400 5.5
Projects
Provision for Industrial and
6 3
Drinking Water Demand
Total 70

It may be worthwhile to mention that the total demand of Sita Rama LIS, Phase-I is of
the order of 70 TMC. Therefore, in the area mentioned below the existing benefit has
been taken as rainfed while future benefit has been taken for irrigated condition.
Therefor present analysis the CCA of the project is taken as 2,72,921 ha. In the Present
situation, the entire area of 2,72,921 ha was rainfed, which would be irrigated during the
post project situation.

The Existing cropping pattern of the Project Area been taken as follows:

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-10 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Table 6.4 Existing Cropping Pattern

Projects WET Crops Percentage ID Crops Percentage
Cotton 40
Nagarjuna Sagar, Chilies 40
Wyra, Paleru and Paddy 100 Chilies 10
SRSP etc. Groundnut, Maize, 10
Pulses etc

The Suggested cropping pattern and crop calendar

Sl. No Crop Crop Period Crop duration

(No. of Days)
KHARIF
1.0 Paddy I Jul 1 - Nov 31 150 days
2.0 Paddy II Jul 15 - Dec 15 150 days
3.0 Paddy III Aug 1 - Dec 30 150 days
4.0 Maize Jun 1 - Sep 30 120 days
5.0 Groundnut Jul 1 - Nov 15 140 days
6.0 Cotton Jul 1 - Jan 1 190 days
7.0 Chillies Jul 1 - Dec 1 165 days
8.0 Sorghum Jul 1 - Nov 1 125 days
9.0 Soyabean Jul 1 – Sep 1 90 days
10.0 Vegetables Jul 1 - Oct 1 100 days
11.0 Green Gram Jul 1 – Sep 1 60 days
12.0 Black Gram Jul 1 – Sep 3 90 days
RABI
13.0 Maize Nov 16 - Feb 28 120 days
14.0 Sunflower Oct 1 - Feb 1 120 days
15.0 Blackgram Oct 1 - Jan2 90 days
16.0 Chillies Nov 1 - Mar 3 165 days
17.0 Cotton Oct 1 - Apr 1 190days
18.0 Sugarcane Jan 1 - Dec 31 365 days
19.0 Sorghum Nov1 - Mar1 125 days

6.7. ASSESSMENT OF CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

Crop water requirement is defined as the depth of water needed to meet the water loss
through evapotranspiration of crop growing in large fields under non-restricting soils,

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-11 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

water and nutrient availability and achieving full production potential under the given
growing environment. The success of this objective depends on matching the water
availability at river source with the quantum of water required for various crops in the
command area for sustainable agricultural production. In the present study, procedure
adopted for calculation of crop water requirements and irrigation requirements are
mainly based on methodologies presented in FAO Irrigation and Drainage papers No. 24
“Crop Water Requirements” and No. 33 “Yield response to water” The software
“CROPWAF 5.7” based on revised method for estimating reference crop
evapotransipiration, adopting the approach of Penman-Monteith as recommended by the
FAO Expert consultation held in 1990 in Rome has been used for calculation ETo and
crop water requirements for the selected crops

Efficient use of water in crop production can only be attained when the planning, design
and operation of water supply and distribution system is geared towards meeting
requirements in quantity and time during the periods of water shortage, for optimum and
high yields of crops. For effective application in planning, design and operation of
irrigation system, it is necessary to analyse the effect of water supply on growth of
crops. The relationship between crop yield and water supply can be evaluated when crop
water requirements and crop water deficits on one hand and maximum and actual crop
yield on the other can be quantified. Deficit in water and the resulting water stress on the
plant, have an effect on crop evapotranspiration and crop yield.

The following are the main factors which play an important role in determining crop
water requirements.

I. Climate or the ambient environment enveloping the plant determines the

evaporative demand. For instance, in sunny and hot climate, crops need more water
per day than in cloudy and cool climate,
II. Crops like banana and sugarcane having large leaf area need more water than crops
having smaller leaf area like beans and wheat,
III. The crops which are fully grown need more water than crops that have just been
planted and
IV. On the whole, surface climatology including temperature, sunshine duration, wind
velocity, relative humidity and rainfall has a substantial effect.
Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-12 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

6.8. Step-by-Step Procedure for Computing Crop Water Requirement

There are several methods for computing crop water requirements using climatological
and physiological approaches. The most practical and comprehensive method for
computing crop water requirements based on climatological approach is “Modified
Penman’s method”, which has been used to compute crop water requirements for this
project. The step-by-step procedure for computing crop water requirement is
summarized below:

6.8.1. Modified Penman’s Method

Based on the studies of the climate and measured grass evapotranspiration data from
various research stations in the world, Dooven bas and Pruitt (1977) proposed method
known as modified Penman’s method for estimating reference crop evapotransipiration
(ETo) and gave tables for computations.

The procedure for computing crop water requirements is summarized below:

(1) Collection of climatologically data.

(2) Computation of reference evapotransipiration (ETo) based on two components
viz: radiation term and aero dynamic term.
(3) Selection of crop coefficient Kc
(4) Determination of effective rain fall.
(5) Computation of crop water requirements and irrigation requirements for the
proposed cropping pattern.

i) Collection of Climatologically Data

Crop water requirement is basically influenced by surface climatological data including

temperature, sunshine duration, wind velocity, relative humidity and rainfall. It may be
worthwhile to mention here that variation of climatological parameters such as sunshine
hour, relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperature over the area is much less
than variation rainfall. The Nagarjuna Sagar Project command covers two main canals-
out of which the left canal irrigating 4.20 lakh hectares in erstwhile districts Nalgonda,
Khammam of Telangana and Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh. On considering
terrain and climatic variations, the command area with respect to irrigation planning has
been grouped into two zones.

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-13 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

For the present study, the climatological data of Khammam with latitude of 17° - 15’ N,
Longitude 80° - 09’ E and elevation of 112 m MSL for Khammam District is used.
However, for rainfall the data of various stations falling within the project command
were considered for finding out the 75% dependable rainfall. It is to be noted that the
rainfall significantly influences the irrigation requirements.

ii) Computation of Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo)

The crop water requirement (ETc) is calculated using following relation

ETC = ETO x KC
Where,
ETC = Crop evapotranspiration, mm/day.

Actually ETC is defined as crop water requirement or consumptive use of crop which is
defined as the depth of water needed to meet the water loss through evapotransipiration
(ET crop) of a disease-free crop, growing in large fields under non-restricting soil
conditions including soil water, fertility and achieving full production potential under
the given growing environment.

ETo = Reference crop evapotransipiration in mm/day.

ETo represents the rate of evapotransipiration from an extended surface of 8 to 15 cm,

green grass cover, actively growing, completely shading the ground and not short of
water.

KC = Crop co-efficient which varies with the crop genotype and growth stages. More
explicitly it is the function of crop canopy coverage. The KC of crop at younger age is
lower than that at full maturity stage.

iii) Selection of KC Values

The crop coefficient is the ratio of ETC/ETO. Whereas ETC is the crop
evapotransipiration of a crop and ETO is the reference evapotransipiration of grass crop.

KC is defined as the canopy coverage factor, which is influenced by following factors:

(i) Type of crop

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-14 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

(ii) Growth stage of the crop

(iii) Climate, and
(iv) Surface moisture condition of the field

With respect to type of crop the KC values of fully developed with large leaf area of a
crop like banana are higher than the KC values of fully developed with its small leaf
area such as gram crop. In fact, the KC values are directly related to extent of
transpiration. KC value also differs with growth stage of a crop. For instance, the KC
values of initial growth stage are much smaller than that of a full-grown crop. The
climate influences the duration of the total growing period and various growth stages.
For example, in a cool climate, certain crop will grow slower than in warm climate.

The crop factor KC is determined from following parameters:

1. Crop genotype i.e. type of crop as cereal, vegetables, pulses, fiber crop etc.
2. The total growing period of each crop
3. Crop growth stages

The total growing period of a crop has been divided into four growth stages:

1. The initial growth stage: this is the period from sowing or transplanting when the
crop covers about 10% of the ground.
2. The crop development stage: this period starts at the end of the initial growth
stage and lasts until the full ground cover has been reached (ground cover about 70-
80%).
3. The mid-season stage: this period starts at the end of the crop development stage
and lasts until maturity; it includes flowering and grain-setting.
4. The late season stage: this period starts at the end of the mid season stage and lasts
until the last day of the harvest; it includes ripening.

In the present study, the crop coefficient values for the crops under consideration as
recommended by FAO have been used and KC values interpolated for 10 daily intervals
are given in the tables containing crop evapotransipiration and irrigation requirements
data.

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-15 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

iv) Determining Effective Rainfall

The entire water received from rainfall is not utilized by the growing crop, a part of it
may be lost by surface runoff, deep percolation or evaporation. Only a portion of heavy
and high intensive rains can enter and be stored in the root zone. A part of stored water
is utilized by crop to meet its evapotransipiration. In the present study, in the present
“effective rainfall” has been computed using USBR method. The monthly effective
rainfall is given Annexure-6.1.

v) Irrigation Efficiencies

For the purpose of cropping pattern and crop water requirement the following
efficiencies are taken into consideration

Table 6.5 System Efficiency

Items Surface Irrigation
Ponded Non-Ponded
1. Conveyance Efficiency (from canal 90% 90%
head to outlet head)
2. Field channel efficiency (from outlet 70% 70%
head to field gate)
3. Field application efficiency 85% 65%
Overall Efficiency 54% 49%

vi) Computation of Crop Water Requirements and Net Irrigation

Requirements

Crop water requirement (CWR) in practice are governed not only by the agro-climatic
conditions (temperature, humidity, wind velocity and bright sunshine hours) and crop
physiology i.e. crop coefficients (KC values) but also effective rooting depth and soil
moisture condition i.e. water depletion level affecting the growth period. For design
purposes, CWR is based on the assumption that no restrictive conditions arising out of
soil on water stress would apply. The ETC was accordingly computed using KC factor
values for particular crops and the ETO values as computed by Penman – Monteith
method.

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-16 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

For computing net irrigation requirement (NIR) effective rainfall using as calculated by
USBR method is accounted for and monthly net irrigation requirement for various crops
has been worked out and summarized in Annexure 6.2. The gross irrigation
requirements were determined for project development using assumed water use
efficiencies. The Gross requirement at plant root and canal head for Project area of Sita
Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Phase-I is given as Annexures 6.3.

Irrigation Requirement of Crops

The overall summary of irrigation requirement at canal head for the Project area of Sita
Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Phase-I is given as Annexures 6.3. The Overall demand
for crop wise is given hereunder and detail breakup is given as Annexure 6.4.

Table 6.6 Overall Demand for Crop wise at Canal Head

S.No. Crop Name Cropping Area Total Requirement at
Intensity Under Canal Head (including
(in %) Crop (ha) surface scheme) in TMC
KHARIF
1 Paddy I 27.0 73689 17.84
2 Paddy II 31.5 85970 18.12
3 Paddy III 9.5 25927 6.50
4 Maize 4.7 12827 0.43
5 Groundnut 2.1 5731 0.37
6 Cotton 2.5 6823 1.08
7 Chillies 3.0 8188 0.63
8 Sorghum 2.5 6823 0.19
9 Soyabean 2.0 5458 0.17
10 Vegetables 5.7 15556 0.40
11 Green Gram 2.0 5458 0.12
12 Black Gram 2.0 5458 0.14
Sub- Total 94.5 257910 46.00
RABI
13 Maize 15.0 40938 6.50
14 Sunflower 8.0 21834 3.35
15 Blackgram 20.0 54584 5.14
16 Chillies 4.0 10917 2.27
17 Cotton 2.0 5458 1.73
18 Sugarcane 1.5 4094 2.47
19 Sorghum 7.5 20469 2.93
Sub- Total 58.0 158294.2 24.40
Grand Total 152.5 416205 70.40

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-17 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

6.9. SOIL & LAND IRRIGABILITY CLASSIFACTION

On considering the local conditions of the Project areas, the following soil properties are
considered as class determining factors. These includes:
i) Effective soil cover (soil depth)
ii) Soil texture
iii) Water holding capacity
iv) Basic infiltration rate
v) Saturated hydraulic conductivity
vi) Soil drainability
vii) Soil erodability
viii) Electrical conductivity of saturation extract
ix) Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)
x) Macro land gradient and
xi) Rock out-crop

The critical limits of each above class determining factors will be based on the
requirement of the various crops to be grown in the area, cultural and social practices
adopted by the irrigators. The critical limits of class determining factors for suggested
probable cropping system in Project are given in Table – 6.7.

Table - 6.7
Critical Limits of Class Determining Factors for arable cropping system for Project Area

S. Class Determining Critical Limits of Class-Determining Factor

No. Factor
S-1 S-2 S-3 N-1 N-2
1 Effective soil cover >150 100-150 50-100 25-50 <25
(cm)
2 Texture Silty loam, Silty clay clay, sandy Heavy clay, Dispersed
silty clay, loam, loamy loam, loamy coarse sand, clay gravelly
sand clay, fine sand, silty sand, fine gravelly sand very
loam loam, sandy sand loam gravelly sand
clay loam
3 Basic infiltration rate 0.5 - 3.5 3.5 - 6.5 6.5 - 12.5 12.5 - 25 or > 25 or < 0.2
(cm/hr) 0.2 - 0.7
4 Saturated hydraulic 0.5 - 1.0 0.01 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.1 or < 0.01 or 3.6 < 0.01 or >6
conductivity (m/day) 1.5 - 3

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-18 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

5 Electrical 0 -4 4 -8 8 - 12 12 – 16 > 16
conductivity of
saturated soil sample
(ds/m at 25oC)
6 Exchangeable < 10 10 – 20 20 -35 > 35 > 35
Sodium Percentage
(ESP)
Sodium Absorption <8 8 – 18 18 - 38 > 38 > 38
ratio (SAR)
7 Susceptibility to slight High severe Severe severe
erosion hazard none
8 Rock outcrop none None none slightly stony
stony
9 Land slope 0 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1-5 5 – 10 > 10

Chapter-6: Irrigation Planning 6-19 WAPCOS Limited

 Annexure 6.1
MONTHLY RAIN DATA

Eff. rain method: USDA Soil Conservation Service formula:

Peff = Pmon * (125 - 0.2 * Pmon) / 125 for Pmon <= 250 mm
Peff = 125 + 0.1 * Pmon for Pmon > 250 mm

Station: Khammam
District: Khammam
State: Telangana

Rainfall Effective Rainfall

Month
mm mm
January 3.5 3.5
February 12.5 12.3
March 10.8 10.6
April 24.3 23.4
May 30.4 28.9
June 107.3 88.9
July 206.7 138.3
August 142.9 110.2
September 141.1 109.2
October 71.8 63.6
November 28.3 27
December 4.3 4.3
Total 783.9 620.2
 Annexure 6.2 Irrigation Requirement of Project Area

MONTHLY ETO PENMAN-MONTEITH DATA

Country: India Station: Khammam

Altitude: 112 m. Latitude: 17.25 °N Longitude: 80.15 °E

Month Min Temp Max Temp Humidity Wind Sun Rad ETo
°C °C % km/day hours MJ/m2/day mm/day

January 18.0 29.7 63 52 9.7 19.5 3.36

February 20.7 32.6 58 74 9.8 21.5 4.24
March 23.0 35.8 54 86 10.2 24.0 5.27
April 25.7 38.3 52 103 10.4 25.4 6.16
May 27.5 40.4 48 105 10.4 25.5 6.63
June 26.9 36.7 58 122 8.9 23.0 6.02
July 25.1 32.8 72 96 8.2 21.9 5.02
August 24.6 31.8 75 84 7.9 21.5 4.69
September 24.7 32.6 75 50 8.4 21.6 4.56
October 23.2 32.0 72 36 8.8 20.5 4.13
November 20.2 30.3 67 45 9.2 19.2 3.58
December 17.4 29.0 62 41 9.5 18.6 3.12

Average 23.1 33.5 63 75 9.3 21.9 4.73

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Rice

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jun 1 Nurs 1.20 0.75 7.5 23.3 0.0

Jun 2 Nurs/LPr 1.06 6.41 64.1 30.1 84.6
Jun 3 Nurs/LPr 1.06 6.06 60.6 35.4 184.2
Jul 1 Init 1.10 5.89 58.9 43.1 15.8
Jul 2 Init 1.10 5.52 55.2 49.8 5.5
Jul 3 Deve 1.10 5.41 59.5 45.4 14.1
Aug 1 Deve 1.10 5.30 53.0 39.0 14.0
Aug 2 Mid 1.11 5.19 51.9 35.5 16.4
Aug 3 Mid 1.11 5.15 56.6 35.8 20.8
Sep 1 Mid 1.11 5.10 51.0 37.9 13.0
Sep 2 Mid 1.11 5.05 50.5 38.5 12.0
Sep 3 Late 1.11 4.88 48.8 32.7 16.1
Oct 1 Late 1.07 4.57 45.7 26.0 19.7
Oct 2 Late 1.02 4.22 42.2 20.8 21.4
Oct 3 Late 0.98 3.86 30.9 12.3 14.0

736.3 505.5 451.6

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Rice

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 15/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jun 2 Nurs 1.20 0.72 4.3 18.0 0.0

Jun 3 Nurs/LPr 1.12 3.91 39.1 35.4 53.3
Jul 1 Nurs/LPr 1.06 5.70 57.0 43.1 112.0
Jul 2 Init 1.09 5.45 54.5 49.8 60.1
Jul 3 Init 1.10 5.40 59.4 45.4 14.0
Aug 1 Deve 1.10 5.28 52.8 39.0 13.8
Aug 2 Deve 1.10 5.17 51.7 35.5 16.2
Aug 3 Deve 1.11 5.14 56.5 35.8 20.7
Sep 1 Mid 1.11 5.10 51.0 37.9 13.1
Sep 2 Mid 1.11 5.05 50.5 38.5 12.0
Sep 3 Mid 1.11 4.89 48.9 32.7 16.2
Oct 1 Mid 1.11 4.73 47.3 26.0 21.3
Oct 2 Late 1.09 4.50 45.0 20.8 24.3
Oct 3 Late 1.04 4.11 45.2 16.9 28.4
Nov 1 Late 0.99 3.74 37.4 12.7 24.7
Nov 2 Late 0.97 3.46 3.5 0.8 3.5

704.2 488.3 433.4

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Rice

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/08

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Nurs 1.20 0.64 5.8 38.7 0.0

Jul 2 Nurs/LPr 1.08 4.87 48.7 49.8 50.0
Jul 3 Nurs/LPr 1.06 5.23 57.5 45.4 171.2
Aug 1 Init 1.10 5.28 52.8 39.0 13.8
Aug 2 Init 1.10 5.16 51.6 35.5 16.1
Aug 3 Deve 1.10 5.12 56.3 35.8 20.5
Sep 1 Deve 1.11 5.09 50.9 37.9 13.0
Sep 2 Mid 1.11 5.05 50.5 38.5 12.0
Sep 3 Mid 1.11 4.90 49.0 32.7 16.3
Oct 1 Mid 1.11 4.74 47.4 26.0 21.4
Oct 2 Mid 1.11 4.58 45.8 20.8 25.0
Oct 3 Late 1.11 4.37 48.1 16.9 31.2
Nov 1 Late 1.08 4.05 40.5 12.7 27.8
Nov 2 Late 1.03 3.69 36.9 8.4 28.5
Nov 3 Late 0.99 3.40 27.2 4.9 21.1

669.1 443.0 468.0

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: MAIZE (Grain)

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 16/06

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jun 2 Init 0.30 1.81 9.0 15.0 0.0

Jun 3 Init 0.30 1.71 17.1 35.4 0.0
Jul 1 Deve 0.34 1.82 18.2 43.1 0.0
Jul 2 Deve 0.58 2.89 28.9 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Deve 0.85 4.18 46.0 45.4 0.6
Aug 1 Mid 1.07 5.15 51.5 39.0 12.5
Aug 2 Mid 1.09 5.11 51.1 35.5 15.6
Aug 3 Mid 1.09 5.06 55.6 35.8 19.8
Sep 1 Late 1.08 4.98 49.8 37.9 11.8
Sep 2 Late 0.90 4.12 41.2 38.5 2.7
Sep 3 Late 0.66 2.90 29.0 32.7 0.0
Oct 1 Late 0.44 1.86 14.9 20.8 0.0

412.3 429.0 63.0

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: SORGHUM (Grain)

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Init 0.30 1.61 16.1 43.1 0.0

Jul 2 Init 0.30 1.51 15.1 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Deve 0.40 1.97 21.7 45.4 0.0
Aug 1 Deve 0.58 2.79 27.9 39.0 0.0
Aug 2 Deve 0.75 3.52 35.2 35.5 0.0
Aug 3 Mid 0.89 4.12 45.3 35.8 9.5
Sep 1 Mid 0.90 4.12 41.2 37.9 3.3
Sep 2 Mid 0.90 4.08 40.8 38.5 2.3
Sep 3 Mid 0.90 3.95 39.5 32.7 6.8
Oct 1 Late 0.85 3.65 36.5 26.0 10.5
Oct 2 Late 0.71 2.93 29.3 20.8 8.5
Oct 3 Late 0.56 2.19 24.1 16.9 7.2
Nov 1 Late 0.46 1.73 3.5 2.5 3.5

376.1 423.9 51.6

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Small Vegetables

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Init 0.70 3.75 37.5 43.1 0.0

Jul 2 Init 0.70 3.51 35.1 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Deve 0.76 3.72 40.9 45.4 0.0
Aug 1 Deve 0.86 4.11 41.1 39.0 2.1
Aug 2 Mid 0.95 4.46 44.6 35.5 9.1
Aug 3 Mid 0.99 4.58 50.4 35.8 14.6
Sep 1 Mid 0.99 4.54 45.4 37.9 7.4
Sep 2 Late 0.98 4.48 44.8 38.5 6.3
Sep 3 Late 0.94 4.13 41.3 32.7 8.6
Oct 1 Late 0.89 3.81 11.4 7.8 0.0

392.6 365.5 48.2

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Groudnut

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Init 0.40 2.14 21.4 43.1 0.0

Jul 2 Init 0.40 2.01 20.1 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Deve 0.44 2.15 23.6 45.4 0.0
Aug 1 Deve 0.62 2.99 29.9 39.0 0.0
Aug 2 Deve 0.82 3.84 38.4 35.5 2.9
Aug 3 Mid 1.02 4.72 52.0 35.8 16.2
Sep 1 Mid 1.08 4.97 49.7 37.9 11.8
Sep 2 Mid 1.08 4.92 49.2 38.5 10.7
Sep 3 Mid 1.08 4.77 47.7 32.7 14.9
Oct 1 Mid 1.08 4.61 46.1 26.0 20.1
Oct 2 Late 1.02 4.21 42.1 20.8 21.3
Oct 3 Late 0.80 3.15 34.6 16.9 17.7
Nov 1 Late 0.60 2.26 15.8 8.9 3.2

470.6 430.2 118.8

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: COTTON

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Init 0.35 1.87 18.7 43.1 0.0

Jul 2 Init 0.35 1.76 17.6 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Deve 0.35 1.73 19.0 45.4 0.0
Aug 1 Deve 0.45 2.15 21.5 39.0 0.0
Aug 2 Deve 0.60 2.82 28.2 35.5 0.0
Aug 3 Deve 0.76 3.53 38.8 35.8 3.0
Sep 1 Deve 0.92 4.23 42.3 37.9 4.4
Sep 2 Mid 1.07 4.86 48.6 38.5 10.1
Sep 3 Mid 1.11 4.89 48.9 32.7 16.2
Oct 1 Mid 1.11 4.73 47.3 26.0 21.4
Oct 2 Mid 1.11 4.58 45.8 20.8 25.0
Oct 3 Mid 1.11 4.37 48.1 16.9 31.2
Nov 1 Mid 1.11 4.17 41.7 12.7 29.0
Nov 2 Late 1.10 3.94 39.4 8.4 31.0
Nov 3 Late 1.02 3.49 34.9 6.1 28.8
Dec 1 Late 0.92 2.99 29.9 3.3 26.7
Dec 2 Late 0.81 2.53 25.3 0.4 24.9
Dec 3 Late 0.70 2.24 24.7 0.7 24.0
Jan 1 Late 0.59 1.94 19.4 1.0 18.4
Jan 2 Late 0.54 1.80 1.8 0.1 1.8

642.0 454.0 295.9

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Soybean

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Init 0.40 2.14 21.4 43.1 0.0

Jul 2 Deve 0.47 2.35 23.5 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Mid 0.89 4.37 48.0 45.4 2.6
Aug 1 Mid 1.07 5.15 51.5 39.0 12.5
Aug 2 Mid 1.07 5.03 50.3 35.5 14.8
Aug 3 Mid 1.07 4.98 54.8 35.8 19.0
Sep 1 Late 1.06 4.88 48.8 37.9 10.8
Sep 2 Late 0.75 3.40 34.0 38.5 0.0
Sep 3 Late 0.46 2.05 6.1 9.8 0.0

338.4 334.8 59.7

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Chillies

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Init 0.30 1.61 16.1 43.1 0.0

Jul 2 Init 0.30 1.51 15.1 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Init 0.30 1.47 16.2 45.4 0.0
Aug 1 Deve 0.30 1.45 14.5 39.0 0.0
Aug 2 Deve 0.38 1.79 17.9 35.5 0.0
Aug 3 Deve 0.51 2.38 26.2 35.8 0.0
Sep 1 Deve 0.64 2.96 29.6 37.9 0.0
Sep 2 Deve 0.77 3.51 35.1 38.5 0.0
Sep 3 Deve 0.89 3.95 39.5 32.7 6.7
Oct 1 Mid 0.98 4.20 42.0 26.0 16.0
Oct 2 Mid 0.99 4.08 40.8 20.8 20.0
Oct 3 Mid 0.99 3.90 42.9 16.9 26.0
Nov 1 Mid 0.99 3.71 37.1 12.7 24.5
Nov 2 Late 0.97 3.48 34.8 8.4 26.4
Nov 3 Late 0.77 2.62 26.2 6.1 20.2
Dec 1 Late 0.61 2.00 4.0 0.7 4.0

437.8 449.2 143.7

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Green Gram

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Init 0.40 2.14 21.4 43.1 0.0

Jul 2 Deve 0.45 2.26 22.6 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Deve 0.78 3.81 41.9 45.4 0.0
Aug 1 Mid 1.06 5.10 51.0 39.0 11.9
Aug 2 Mid 1.08 5.07 50.7 35.5 15.2
Aug 3 Late 0.96 4.45 48.9 35.8 13.1
Sep 1 Late 0.52 2.40 19.2 30.3 0.0

255.7 278.9 40.3

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Black Gram

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/07

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jul 1 Init 0.40 2.14 21.4 43.1 0.0

Jul 2 Init 0.40 2.01 20.1 49.8 0.0
Jul 3 Deve 0.56 2.77 30.4 45.4 0.0
Aug 1 Deve 0.85 4.08 40.8 39.0 1.7
Aug 2 Mid 1.06 4.99 49.9 35.5 14.4
Aug 3 Mid 1.08 5.02 55.2 35.8 19.4
Sep 1 Late 1.07 4.92 49.2 37.9 11.3
Sep 2 Late 0.81 3.68 36.8 38.5 0.0
Sep 3 Late 0.48 2.11 16.9 26.2 0.0

320.8 351.2 46.9

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: MAIZE (Grain)

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 16/11

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Nov 2 Init 0.30 1.07 5.4 4.2 1.2

Nov 3 Init 0.30 1.03 10.3 6.1 4.2
Dec 1 Deve 0.34 1.12 11.2 3.3 7.9
Dec 2 Deve 0.59 1.85 18.5 0.4 18.0
Dec 3 Deve 0.89 2.83 31.1 0.7 30.5
Jan 1 Mid 1.12 3.67 36.7 1.0 35.7
Jan 2 Mid 1.14 3.81 38.1 0.8 37.4
Jan 3 Mid 1.14 4.15 45.6 1.9 43.8
Feb 1 Late 1.13 4.45 44.5 3.4 41.1
Feb 2 Late 0.94 3.99 39.9 4.5 35.3
Feb 3 Late 0.70 3.23 25.8 4.2 21.6
Mar 1 Late 0.47 2.31 23.1 3.3 19.8

330.1 33.7 296.4

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: SORGHUM (Grain)

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/11

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Nov 1 Init 0.30 1.13 11.3 12.7 0.0

Nov 2 Init 0.30 1.07 10.7 8.4 2.3
Nov 3 Deve 0.40 1.37 13.7 6.1 7.6
Dec 1 Deve 0.58 1.91 19.1 3.3 15.8
Dec 2 Deve 0.77 2.39 23.9 0.4 23.5
Dec 3 Mid 0.92 2.95 32.5 0.7 31.8
Jan 1 Mid 0.94 3.08 30.8 1.0 29.8
Jan 2 Mid 0.94 3.15 31.5 0.8 30.8
Jan 3 Mid 0.94 3.43 37.7 1.9 35.9
Feb 1 Late 0.90 3.55 35.5 3.4 32.1
Feb 2 Late 0.76 3.21 32.1 4.5 27.5
Feb 3 Late 0.62 2.86 22.9 4.2 18.7
Mar 1 Late 0.53 2.61 13.0 1.6 11.4

314.6 48.9 267.1

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Chillies

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/11

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Nov 1 Init 0.30 1.13 11.3 12.7 0.0

Nov 2 Init 0.30 1.07 10.7 8.4 2.3
Nov 3 Init 0.30 1.03 10.3 6.1 4.2
Dec 1 Init 0.30 0.98 9.8 3.3 6.5
Dec 2 Deve 0.37 1.16 11.6 0.4 11.2
Dec 3 Deve 0.51 1.63 17.9 0.7 17.2
Jan 1 Deve 0.65 2.12 21.2 1.0 20.2
Jan 2 Deve 0.78 2.61 26.1 0.8 25.3
Jan 3 Deve 0.91 3.34 36.7 1.9 34.8
Feb 1 Mid 1.01 4.00 40.0 3.4 36.6
Feb 2 Mid 1.02 4.32 43.2 4.5 38.6
Feb 3 Mid 1.02 4.67 37.3 4.2 33.1
Mar 1 Mid 1.02 5.02 50.2 3.3 46.9
Mar 2 Mid 1.02 5.37 53.7 2.9 50.8
Mar 3 Late 0.86 4.79 52.6 4.5 48.1
Apr 1 Late 0.66 3.88 15.5 2.6 12.2

448.0 60.6 388.1

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Sunflower

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 16/10

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Oct 2 Init 0.35 1.44 7.2 10.4 0.0

Oct 3 Init 0.35 1.38 15.2 16.9 0.0
Nov 1 Deve 0.35 1.32 13.2 12.7 0.6
Nov 2 Deve 0.49 1.74 17.4 8.4 9.0
Nov 3 Deve 0.70 2.38 23.8 6.1 17.7
Dec 1 Deve 0.90 2.96 29.6 3.3 26.3
Dec 2 Mid 1.07 3.33 33.3 0.4 32.9
Dec 3 Mid 1.08 3.46 38.1 0.7 37.4
Jan 1 Mid 1.08 3.55 35.5 1.0 34.5
Jan 2 Mid 1.08 3.63 36.3 0.8 35.6
Jan 3 Late 1.07 3.89 42.8 1.9 41.0
Feb 1 Late 0.83 3.29 32.9 3.4 29.5
Feb 2 Late 0.54 2.29 22.9 4.5 18.4
Feb 3 Late 0.36 1.67 3.3 1.1 3.3

351.6 71.4 286.1

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Black Gram

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 16/10

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Oct 2 Init 0.40 1.65 8.3 10.4 0.0

Oct 3 Init 0.40 1.58 17.3 16.9 0.5
Nov 1 Deve 0.46 1.73 17.3 12.7 4.6
Nov 2 Deve 0.72 2.59 25.9 8.4 17.5
Nov 3 Mid 1.00 3.44 34.4 6.1 28.3
Dec 1 Mid 1.11 3.62 36.2 3.3 32.9
Dec 2 Mid 1.11 3.45 34.5 0.4 34.0
Dec 3 Late 1.01 3.23 35.5 0.7 34.8
Jan 1 Late 0.63 2.08 20.8 1.0 19.8
Jan 2 Late 0.39 1.30 3.9 0.2 3.5

233.9 60.0 175.9

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: COTTON

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 16/10

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Oct 2 Init 0.35 1.44 7.2 10.4 0.0

Oct 3 Init 0.35 1.38 15.2 16.9 0.0
Nov 1 Init 0.35 1.32 13.2 12.7 0.5
Nov 2 Deve 0.38 1.37 13.7 8.4 5.3
Nov 3 Deve 0.53 1.83 18.3 6.1 12.2
Dec 1 Deve 0.69 2.26 22.6 3.3 19.4
Dec 2 Deve 0.85 2.66 26.6 0.4 26.1
Dec 3 Deve 1.02 3.26 35.8 0.7 35.2
Jan 1 Mid 1.14 3.74 37.4 1.0 36.4
Jan 2 Mid 1.15 3.85 38.5 0.8 37.7
Jan 3 Mid 1.15 4.19 46.1 1.9 44.2
Feb 1 Mid 1.15 4.53 45.3 3.4 41.8
Feb 2 Mid 1.15 4.86 48.6 4.5 44.1
Feb 3 Mid 1.15 5.26 42.1 4.2 37.9
Mar 1 Late 1.12 5.54 55.4 3.3 52.1
Mar 2 Late 1.02 5.40 54.0 2.9 51.1
Mar 3 Late 0.91 5.08 55.9 4.5 51.4
Apr 1 Late 0.80 4.69 46.9 6.6 40.4
Apr 2 Late 0.69 4.27 42.7 8.1 34.7
Apr 3 Late 0.60 3.78 30.2 6.9 21.6

695.8 106.8 592.2

 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Khammam Crop: Sugarcane (Ratoon)

Rain station: Khammam Planting date: 01/01

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jan 1 Init 0.40 1.31 13.1 1.0 12.1

Jan 2 Init 0.40 1.34 13.4 0.8 12.7
Jan 3 Deve 0.40 1.46 16.1 1.9 14.2
Feb 1 Deve 0.48 1.90 19.0 3.4 15.6
Feb 2 Deve 0.61 2.58 25.8 4.5 21.3
Feb 3 Deve 0.72 3.32 26.5 4.2 22.3
Mar 1 Deve 0.84 4.13 41.3 3.3 38.0
Mar 2 Deve 0.96 5.09 50.9 2.9 48.0
Mar 3 Deve 1.10 6.11 67.2 4.5 62.7
Apr 1 Mid 1.16 6.81 68.1 6.6 61.5
Apr 2 Mid 1.16 7.15 71.5 8.1 63.4
Apr 3 Mid 1.16 7.33 73.3 8.6 64.7
May 1 Mid 1.16 7.59 75.9 7.3 68.6
May 2 Mid 1.16 7.82 78.2 7.1 71.1
May 3 Mid 1.16 7.54 83.0 14.6 68.4
Jun 1 Mid 1.16 7.23 72.3 23.3 49.1
Jun 2 Mid 1.16 7.00 70.0 30.1 39.9
Jun 3 Mid 1.16 6.62 66.2 35.4 30.7
Jul 1 Mid 1.16 6.23 62.3 43.1 19.3
Jul 2 Mid 1.16 5.85 58.5 49.8 8.7
Jul 3 Mid 1.16 5.71 62.8 45.4 17.4
Aug 1 Mid 1.16 5.57 55.7 39.0 16.7
Aug 2 Mid 1.16 5.44 54.4 35.5 18.9
Aug 3 Mid 1.16 5.39 59.3 35.8 23.5
Sep 1 Mid 1.16 5.34 53.4 37.9 15.5
Sep 2 Mid 1.16 5.29 52.9 38.5 14.4
Sep 3 Late 1.16 5.11 51.1 32.7 18.4
Oct 1 Late 1.12 4.76 47.6 26.0 21.6
Oct 2 Late 1.06 4.38 43.8 20.8 23.0
Oct 3 Late 1.01 3.96 43.6 16.9 26.7
Nov 1 Late 0.95 3.57 35.7 12.7 23.0
Nov 2 Late 0.89 3.20 32.0 8.4 23.6
Nov 3 Late 0.84 2.88 28.8 6.1 22.7
Dec 1 Late 0.79 2.57 25.7 3.3 22.4
Dec 2 Late 0.73 2.28 22.8 0.4 22.4
Dec 3 Late 0.68 2.16 23.8 0.7 23.1

1746.2 620.4 1125.8

 Annexure 6.3 Gross requirement at plant root and canal head for Khammam District
Sita Rama LIS, Phase-I
Crop Calendar
S.No Crop Code Planting Crop Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Date Duration T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3
Kharif
1 Paddy I X1 1st July 150 days 84.6 184.2 15.8 5.5 14.1 14.0 16.4 20.8 13.0 12.0 16.1 19.7 21.4 14.0
2 Paddy II X2 15th July 150 days 53.3 112.0 60.1 14.0 13.8 16.1 20.6 13.1 12.0 16.2 21.3 24.3 28.4 24.7 3.5
3 Paddy III X3 1st Aug. 150 days 50.0 171.2 13.8 16.1 20.5 13.0 12.0 16.3 21.4 25.0 31.2 27.8 28.6 21.1
4 Maize X4 1st Jun 120 days 0.6 12.5 15.6 19.8 11.8 2.7
5 Groundnut X5 1st July 140 days 2.9 16.2 11.8 10.7 14.9 20.1 21.3 17.7 3.2
6 Cotton X6 1st July 190 days 3.0 4.4 10.1 16.2 21.4 25.0 31.2 29.0 31.0 28.8 26.7 24.9 24.0 18.3 1.8
7 Chillies X7 1st Aug. 165 days 6.7 16.0 20.0 26.0 24.5 26.4 20.2 4.0
8 Sorghum X8 1st July 125 days 9.5 3.3 2.3 6.8 10.5 8.5 7.2 3.5

9 Soyabean X9 1st July 90 days 2.6 12.5 14.8 19.0 10.8

10 Vegetables X10 1st July 100 days 2.1 9.1 14.6 7.5 6.3 8.6

11 Green Gram X11 1st July 60 days 11.9 15.2 13.2

12 Black Gram X12 1st July 90 days 1.7 14.4 19.5 11.3

Rabi
13 Maize X13 16th Nov 120 days 1.2 4.2 7.9 18.0 30.5 35.7 37.4 43.8 41.1 35.3 21.5 19.8
14 Sunflower X14 16th Oct 120 days 0.6 9.0 17.7 26.3 32.9 37.4 34.5 35.6 41.0 29.5 18.3 3.3
15 Blackgram X15 16th Oct 90 days 0.5 4.6 17.5 28.3 32.9 34.0 34.8 19.8 3.5
16 Chillies X16 1st Nov 165 days 2.3 4.2 6.5 11.2 17.2 20.2 25.3 34.8 36.6 38.6 33.1 46.9 50.8 48.2 12.2
17 Cotton X17 16th Oct 190days 0.5 5.3 12.2 19.4 26.1 35.2 36.4 37.7 44.2 41.8 44.1 37.9 52.1 51.1 51.4 40.4 34.7 21.6
18 Sugarcane X18 1st Jan 365 days 12.1 12.7 14.2 15.6 21.3 22.3 38.0 48.0 62.7 61.5 63.4 64.7 68.6 71.3 68.4 49.1 39.9 30.7 19.3 8.7 17.4 16.7 18.9 23.5 15.5 14.4 18.4 21.6 23.0 26.7 23.0 23.6 22.7 22.4 22.4 23.1
19 Sorghum X19 1st Nov 125 days 2.3 7.6 15.8 23.5 31.8 29.8 30.8 35.9 32.1 27.4 18.7 11.4
 Ten Daily Crop Water Requirement
For
Sita Rama LIS, Phase-I
Unit: MCM
S.No Crop Code Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 Annual Total

Kharif
1 Paddy I X1 0.0 30.4 66.2 5.7 2.0 5.1 5.0 5.9 7.5 4.7 4.3 5.8 7.1 7.7 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 162.3
2 Paddy II X2 0.0 0.0 22.3 47.0 25.2 5.9 5.8 6.7 8.6 5.5 5.0 6.8 8.9 10.2 11.9 10.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 181.7
3 Paddy III X3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 21.6 1.7 2.0 2.6 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.9 3.5 3.6 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.2
4 Maize X4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9
5 Groundnut X5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3
6 Cotton X6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8
7 Chillies X7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7
8 Sorghum X8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7
9 Soyabean X9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6
10 Vegetables X10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7
11 Green Gram X11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1
12 Black Gram X12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Rabi
13 Maize X13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 1.6 3.6 6.1 7.1 7.5 8.7 8.2 7.0 4.3 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.2
14 Sunflower X14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.9 2.8 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.4 3.1 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.5
15 Blackgram X15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.2 4.7 7.5 8.8 9.0 9.3 5.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.8
16 Chillies X16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.8 2.5 2.7 2.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.7
17 Cotton X17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.8
18 Sugarcane X18 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 22.5
19 Sorghum X19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 1.6 2.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.2 2.7 1.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.7

Total CWR at plant Root (MCM) 0.2 30.7 88.8 52.9 33.9 33.1 15.0 18.6 24.5 15.5 13.5 18.0 22.3 25.0 25.2 18.3 14.3 16.6 17.0 20.8 25.5 22.0 18.0 20.2 17.9 15.2 9.6 9.4 4.5 4.5 2.2 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 657.3

Total Requirement at Canal Head (MCM) 0.5 62.6 177.0 99.2 64.5 66.5 29.4 36.6 48.5 30.6 26.6 35.5 43.9 49.0 49.2 35.4 28.9 33.9 34.7 42.4 52.1 45.0 36.8 41.2 36.6 31.1 19.7 19.2 9.2 9.1 4.5 2.8 2.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 1307.0

Total Requirement at Canal Head (TMC) 0.0 2.2 6.3 3.5 2.3 2.3 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.2
 Crop Water Requirement
For
Sita Rama LIS, Phase-I (New Ayacut)

Surface Irrigation :System Efficiency ( %)

Total Service area (Net CCA) ,ha= 133085 Ponded Non Ponded
Net CCA (Surface Irrigation), ha = 133085 Kharif 54% 49% Total
Net CCA ( Drip Irrigation ) , ha = 0 Rabi 54% 49% Requirement
Total
Total
Requirement at
Total Total Requirement At
Optimum Crop Croppong Canal Head
Crop Requirement Area Under Requirement Canal Head
S.No. Crop Name Planting Period Planting Duration Intensity ( including
Code At Plant Root Crop (ha) at Plant (MCM) for
Date (in Days) (in %) surface
(mm) Root(MCM) Surface
scheme) in
Irrigation
TMC

KHARIF
1.0 Paddy I X1 July1- Nov 31 1st July 150 days 451.6 27.0 35933 162.3 331.2 11.7
2.0 Paddy II X2 July15 - Dec 15 15th July 150 days 433.4 31.5 41922 181.7 336.5 11.9
3.0 Paddy III X3 Aug 1 - Dec 30 1st Aug. 150 days 468.0 9.5 12643 59.2 120.8 4.3
4.0 Maize X4 June 1 - Sep 30 1st Jun 120 days 63.0 4.7 6255 3.9 8.0 0.3
5.0 Groundnut X5 July1- Nov 15 1st July 140 days 118.8 2.1 2795 3.3 6.8 0.2
6.0 Cotton X6 July1- Jan1 1st July 190 days 295.8 2.5 3327 9.8 20.1 0.7
7.0 Chillies X7 Jul 1 - Dec 1 1st Aug. 165 days 143.8 3.0 3993 5.7 11.7 0.4
8.0 Sorghum X8 Jul 1 - Nov 1 1st July 125 days 51.6 2.5 3327 1.7 3.5 0.1
9.0 Soyabean X9 Jul1 - Sep1 1st July 90 days 59.7 2.0 2662 1.6 3.2 0.1
10.0 Vegetables X10 Jul 1 - Oct 1 1st July 100 days 48.2 5.7 7586 3.7 7.5 0.3
11.0 Green Gram X11 Jul1- Sep1 1st July 60 days 40.3 2.0 2662 1.1 2.2 0.1
12.0 Black Gram X12 Jul1-Sep3 1st July 90 days 46.9 2.0 2662 1.2 2.5 0.1
Sub Total 94.5 125765 435.3 854.0 30.2
RABI
13.0 Maize X13 Nov 16 - Feb 28 16th Nov 120 days 296.4 15.0 19963 59.2 120.8 4.3
14.0 Sunflower X14 Oct 1 - Feb 1 16th Oct 120 days 286.1 8.0 10647 30.5 62.2 2.2
15.0 Blackgram X15 Oct 1 - Jan2 16th Oct 90 days 175.9 20.0 26617 46.8 95.5 3.4
16.0 Chillies X16 Nov 1 - Mar 3 1st Nov 165 days 388.1 4.0 5323 20.7 42.2 1.5
17.0 Cotton X17 Oct 1 - Apr 1 16th Oct 190days 592.1 2.0 2662 15.8 32.2 1.1
18.0 Sugarcane X18 Jan 1 - Dec 31 1st Jan 365 days 1125.8 1.5 1996 22.5 45.9 1.6
19.0 Sorghum X19 Nov1 - Mar1 1st Nov 125 days 267.1 7.5 9981 26.7 54.4 1.9
Sub Total 58.0 77189.3 222.0 453.1 16.0
GRAND TOTAL ANNUAL CWR* 152.5 202955 657.3 1307.0 46.2
* Crop Water Requirement
 Crop Water Requirement
For
Sita Rama LIS, Phase-I (Stabilisation)

Surface Irrigation :System Efficiency ( %)

Total Service area (Net CCA) ,ha= 139836 Ponded Non Ponded
Net CCA (Surface Irrigation), ha = 139836 Kharif 54% 49% Total
Net CCA ( Drip Irrigation ) , ha = 0 Rabi 54% 49% Requirement
Total
Total
Requirement at
Total Total Requirement At
Optimum Crop Croppong Canal Head
Crop Requirement Area Under Requirement Canal Head
S.No. Crop Name Planting Period Planting Duration Intensity ( including
Code At Plant Root Crop (ha) at Plant (MCM) for
Date (in Days) (in %) surface
(mm) Root(MCM) Surface
scheme) in
Irrigation
TMC

KHARIF
1.0 Paddy I X1 July1- Nov 31 1st July 150 days 451.6 27.0 37756 170.5 348.0 12.3
2.0 Paddy II X2 July15 - Dec 15 15th July 150 days 433.4 31.5 44048 190.9 353.5 12.5
3.0 Paddy III X3 Aug 1 - Dec 30 1st Aug. 150 days 468.0 9.5 13284 62.2 126.9 4.5
4.0 Maize X4 June 1 - Sep 30 1st Jun 120 days 63.0 4.7 6572 4.1 8.5 0.3
5.0 Groundnut X5 July1- Nov 15 1st July 140 days 118.8 2.1 2937 3.5 7.1 0.3
6.0 Cotton X6 July1- Jan1 1st July 190 days 295.8 2.5 3496 10.3 21.1 0.7
7.0 Chillies X7 Jul 1 - Dec 1 1st Aug. 165 days 143.8 3.0 4195 6.0 12.3 0.4
8.0 Sorghum X8 Jul 1 - Nov 1 1st July 125 days 51.6 2.5 3496 1.8 3.7 0.1
9.0 Soyabean X9 Jul1 - Sep1 1st July 90 days 59.7 2.0 2797 1.7 3.4 0.1
10.0 Vegetables X10 Jul 1 - Oct 1 1st July 100 days 48.2 5.7 7971 3.8 7.8 0.3
11.0 Green Gram X11 Jul1- Sep1 1st July 60 days 40.3 2.0 2797 1.1 2.3 0.1
12.0 Black Gram X12 Jul1-Sep3 1st July 90 days 46.9 2.0 2797 1.3 2.7 0.1
Sub Total 94.5 132145 457.3 897.3 31.7
RABI
13.0 Maize X13 Nov 16 - Feb 28 16th Nov 120 days 296.4 15.0 20975 62.2 126.9 4.5
14.0 Sunflower X14 Oct 1 - Feb 1 16th Oct 120 days 286.1 8.0 11187 32.0 65.3 2.3
15.0 Blackgram X15 Oct 1 - Jan2 16th Oct 90 days 175.9 20.0 27967 49.2 100.4 3.5
16.0 Chillies X16 Nov 1 - Mar 3 1st Nov 165 days 388.1 4.0 5593 21.7 44.3 1.6
17.0 Cotton X17 Oct 1 - Apr 1 16th Oct 190days 592.1 2.0 2797 16.6 33.8 1.2
18.0 Sugarcane X18 Jan 1 - Dec 31 1st Jan 365 days 1125.8 1.5 2098 23.6 48.2 1.7
19.0 Sorghum X19 Nov1 - Mar1 1st Nov 125 days 267.1 7.5 10488 28.0 57.2 2.0
Sub Total 58.0 81104.9 233.3 476.1 16.8
GRAND TOTAL ANNUAL CWR* 152.5 213250 690.6 1373.3 48.5
* Crop Water Requirement
 Annexure 6.4

Overall Demand Cropwise

Croppong
Area Under Area Under Area Under Total Requirement at Canal Head (including surface
S.No. Crop Name Intensity
Crop (ha) Crop (ha) Crop (ha) scheme) in TMC
(in %)

Total 50 % New Total Phase-

KHARIF Khammam New Stab Demand Demand Ayacut I Ayacut
Stab. for Stab. Demand Demand
1 Paddy I 27.0 73689 35933 37756 12.3 6.14 11.7 17.84
2 Paddy II 31.5 85970 41922 44048 12.5 6.24 11.9 18.12
3 Paddy III 9.5 25927 12643 13284 4.5 2.24 4.3 6.50
4 Maize 4.7 12827 6255 6572 0.3 0.15 0.3 0.43
5 Groundnut 2.1 5731 2795 2937 0.3 0.13 0.2 0.37
6 Cotton 2.5 6823 3327 3496 0.7 0.37 0.7 1.08
7 Chillies 3.0 8188 3993 4195 0.4 0.22 0.4 0.63
8 Sorghum 2.5 6823 3327 3496 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.19
9 Soyabean 2.0 5458 2662 2797 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.17
10 Vegetables 5.7 15556 7586 7971 0.3 0.14 0.3 0.40
11 Green Gram 2.0 5458 2662 2797 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.12
12 Black Gram 2.0 5458 2662 2797 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.14
Sub- Total 94.5 257910 125765 132145 31.7 15.8 30.2 46.00
RABI
13 Maize 15.0 40938 19963 20975 4.5 2.24 4.3 6.50
14 Sunflower 8.0 21834 10647 11187 2.3 1.15 2.2 3.35
15 Blackgram 20.0 54584 26617 27967 3.5 1.77 3.4 5.14
16 Chillies 4.0 10917 5323 5593 1.6 0.78 1.5 2.27
17 Cotton 2.0 5458 2662 2797 1.2 0.60 1.1 1.73
18 Sugarcane 1.5 4094 1996 2098 1.7 0.85 1.6 2.47
19 Sorghum 7.5 20469 9981 10488 2.0 1.01 1.9 2.93
Sub- Total 58.0 158294.2 77189 81105 16.8 8.4 16.0 24.40
Grand Total 152.5 416205 202955 213250 48.5 24.25 46.15 70.40
7. CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER 7

CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM, MAN POWER & PLANT PLANNING

7.1 GENERAL

The Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Phase-I envisages construction of the
followings:
(i) Construction of Head Regulator at Dummugudem Anicut
(ii) Construction of Lined Canal
(iii) Construction of Four Pump Houses
(iv) Delivery Cisterns
(v) Laying of Pumping Main
(vi) Cross Drainage works across Main Canal.
(vii) Road Bridges wherever required.
(viii) Cross Regulators and Offtakes etc.
(ix) Tunnels
(x) Railway Crossing

Aims and Objectives:

The objective of the Phase-I of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project is to divert
Godavari water from U/s of Dummugudem Anicut to irrigate 6.74 Lakh Acres
(New Ayacut- 3,28,853 Ac. and Stabilisation 3,45,535 Ac.) of Bhadradri-
Kothagudem, Khammam and Mahabubabad Districts of Telangana, covering
enroute tanks and villages as well as nearby command areas. In this context, some
of the structural interventions in the form of storage structures, water conductor
system, pump houses, Tunnels, CM and CD works etc. are proposed for this
purpose. The present consultancy assignment is for confirming the feasibility of
the proposed scheme providing targeted quantum of water for irrigation of new
command as well as en-route tanks, villages, towns and supplement some of the
existing/proposed irrigation schemes.

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 1 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
7.2 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM

The project is supposed to be executed through the contracting agencies instructed

with suitable contract packages. It is also proposed to have an exclusive
consultancy package for the preparation of detailed design, specifications, tender
documents and construction drawings for all Civil, Hydro-Mechanical and
Electromechanical components.

The Sita Rama LIP, Phase-I is planned to be executed in a period of 36 months

inclusive of all preconstruction activities containing four pump houses, water
conductor system having gravity canals, pumping mains and gravity tunnels also
involves construction of Regulators, Cross Drainage works, Bridges etc, all the
construction activity will start simultaneously so that the project is completed in
thirty-six months.

7.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

It is proposed to execute the project in the following two (pre-construction and

main construction) ways:

Phasing of Works:

To facilitate construction activity and its management and quality control, the
project components will be distributed in different packages.

It is proposed to execute the project in the following ways-

A) Pre-Construction work lasting about 6 Months

B) Main Construction work spanning over 30 months.

A) Pre-Construction Works (Period-6 Months)

Initial one year would be utilized for preconstruction activities including site
clearance, establishment of site organization, approach roads, bridges and CD
works, buildings, stores, construction power, labs and workshop etc.

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 2 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
Implementation Schedule

A) (Pre-Construction Works)
S.No. Pre-Construction Activity Duration
1. Land Acquisition 6 Months
2. Road Construction
a.) Upgrading of Existing Roads 6 Months
b.) Construction of New Roads
3. Site Installation and Temporary camps at the site 6 Months
4. Tender and Contractors of Main works 6 Months
5. Arrangement for Construction/Alternate Power 4 to 6 Months
6. Mobilization of Men and Machines 6 Months

Some of the works like residential and non-residential buildings & acquisition of
land etc. would be continue along with the construction of main works.

B) Main-Construction Works (Period-30 Months)

It includes construction of main civil works along with installation of electro-

mechanical works. This stage requires 30 Months of tenure in order to complete
the whole project. After about one year, when most of the infrastructural activities
are established and contract packages finalized.

7.4 PROJECT ORGANISATION: FUNCTIONS & RESPONSIBILITIES

All the works whether it is Civil, Electro-mechanical in nature, are grouped into
various packages. Due to limited availability of working season in a year, it would
be necessary to achieve the maximum progress in the stipulated time frame.

There will be One Chief Engineer, One S.E. (Civil), one S.E (E&M), one S.E.
(Finance and Accounts), one S.E. (Admin) along with relevant supporting staff.
Besides this, CE will also be supported by S.E. (HQ & Monitoring) who will be

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 3 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
assisted by Executive Engineer (Civil). He will coordinate the overall activities
and will report the position to CE.

Each SE (Civil) will be assisted by three Executive Engineers (Civil) and they
will be entrusted with construction and installation works.

SE (Finance and Accounts) will be supported by one Senior Accounts officer and
accounts officer along with supporting staff responsible for managing finance and
accounts works.

SE (Admin) will deal with administration and public health and security assisted
by one administrative officer and one Security officer. There will be a fire
fighting unit and a para medical unit attached to Admin officer to attend the first
aid treatment cases.

The major works for execution of the project include head regulator, channel,
pump house complex and electro-mechanical works. To facilitate construction
activity and its management and quality control, all these works are logically
divided and classified into following contract packages which an independent
nature wise and have manageable interface problems which are serially tabulated
with corresponding duration wise order:

B) Main-Construction Works (Period-30 Months)

Link No. / Activity Duration
Package
Package-I Infrastructure Works 12 Months

Package-II Construction of Pump houses and pumping mains 36 Months

Package-III Construction of Cross drainage and Bridges 36 months

Package-IV Construction of Canal links, Regulators, Escapes, 36 months

Falls
Package-V Construction of Tunnels 36 months

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
Review/Reports of Progress of Project

The program and progress of the project will be reviewed every month. The
program report would highlight the program vis-à-vis its financial and cost
aspects besides highlighting the problem area experienced. Suitable remedial
steps and corrective measures will be taken from time to time to resolve/ sort out
the problems confronted on the basis of suggestions offered by the eminent
experts of the Technical Review Board.

7.5 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY & EQUIPMENT PLANNING

The construction methodology and equipment planning for various works is based
on site conditions prevailing in the project area. Construction activities are
planned in such a way that the project will be completed in the shortest possible
time period. Following assumptions have been made in this regard for equipment
planning and construction methodology of the project.

(1) All pre-construction activities namely land acquisition, infrastructural works

and jobs seeking govt. approvals are completed before the start of the main
construction works in respect of main components of the project.
(2) All civil and electro-mechanical works are executed in the specified main
packages of contract.

7.6 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT-BASIC CRITERIA

For almost all types of construction activities, mechanized construction has been
planned so as to achieve consistent quality at a faster progress rate. Special
attention has been paid to the equipment planning for the excavation and laying of
the same as materials quantities are involved and interdependence of various
construction activities make this exercise very critical. The sequence of
construction activities, wherever possible, has been attempted in such a way that
equipment from one activity on its completion can be shifted to the other activity.
This way, the total requirement of equipment at a time would be reduced and also

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 5 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
sufficient utilization of equipment on the project would be ensured. Bar chart
showing various activities is annexed as Annexure-7.1.

7.7 COMMUNICATION:

The infrastures like roads, approach roads to different sites of works have to be
completed before start of main works. Stores at different sites to store materials
such as steel, cement, machines, Equipments and other construction materials will
be constructed before construction of main works.

7.8 Key Materials Planning

The study of availability and quality of construction materials has to be carried at

different locations of the project area to determine the quantity and quality of
materials. Further, construction materials used in surrounding and nearby projects
will be used for the construction of various components.

7.8.1 Program Planning

Peak requirement of concrete has been planned as per requirement of materials at

different sites in case of pump house construction major quantity of concrete and
aggregate is required. Therefore, general capacity of concrete batching plant
should be close to the pump house and also, it is proposed to provide aggregate
crushing plant close to the sites of major works.

7.8.2 Working Time Schedule

Requirement of equipment is worked out based on equipment planning and the

number of working days available. About 8 months i.e., October to May will form
the working season. All the surface works are proposed to be executed in two
shifts, which is proposed to be executed in three-shift operations. The scheduled
working hours considering 25 working days per month accordingly works out as
under:

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 6 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Actual Schedule Schedule

No. of Total Availability Days/ Utilization
Available Machine Production
Shift Time factor Year factor
Time Hour Hour
1 2 3 4=(2x3) 5 6=(4x5) 7 8=(6x7)
(No.) (Hr.) (Hr.) (No.) (Hr.) (Hr.)
1 8 0.9 7.2 200 1440 0.85 1224
2 16 0.8 12.8 200 2560 0.8 2048
3 24 0.7 16.8 200 3360 0.75 2520

On the basis of the above computation, in accordance with “Guidelines for

Detailed Calculations for the Requirement of Each Category and Size of the
Production Equipment, August 2000 published by the Central Water
Commission” following scheduled working hours have been considered in surface
works.

 Single shift work/day - 1200 hrs.

 Two shift work/day - 2000 hrs.
 Three shift work/day - 2500 hrs.

7.8.3 Construction Period

Construction period of 30 months has been considered for completion of Sita

Rama LIP, Phase I including its testing and commissioning. Considering the
hectic schedule, it is proposed to start all the work immediately and
simultaneously from the first year itself.

The construction stage surveys and investigations, detail designs are proposed to
be taken up simultaneously along with the work. In order to derive full benefits at
the end of proposed construction period, the erection, testing and commissioning
aspects would be required to be planned judiciously.

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 7 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
7.9 MANPOWER PLANNING (EXECUTIVE AND NON-EXECUTIVE)

In addition to main construction work at site, the project staff is also required for
planning, monitoring and control, construction and maintenance of buildings and
roads, quality control, procurement stores, mechanical works, electrical works,
geology personnel and administration, financial and accounts, vigilance and other
related works. Category requirement of different staff is shown in Annexure-7.2
and Annexure 7.3.

Project Organization shall consist of 38 nos. of Executives (AEs & Higher), 36

nos. of Non-Executives and 120 nos. of field Executives/ Technicians. In addition
to above, the services for casual works like R & M at site office, guest house,
field hostel, G & D sites, cleaning and sweeping jobs etc. shall be carried out on
contract basis.

Consultants:

Consultants are engaged for carrying out various studies for the project and for
preparing Feasibility Study Report, Socio-economic and Environment monitoring
and EIA Report and Detailed Project Report etc. During project construction
stage, the requirement of the project management consultants shall be examined
and if the requirement is established, a competent project management consultant
shall be engaged as per the approved procedure of the contracting agency.

In addition, the contracting agency may also engage experts from reputed
institution on need basis if required during the project construction.

7.10 SERVICES & UTILITIES

Suitable arrangements are required to be made by the Contractor/Construction

Agency for accommodation, water supply, power, sanitation and other facilities
for their personnel including staff and workers.

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 8 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
7.11 FACILITIES AND AMENITIES

It is proposed to provide the following facilities to staff and workers. The staff
may consist of regular, work charged or daily wagers employed on the project.

 All the existing infrastructural facilities like access roads, buildings and civic
amenities already available near the Project.
 Additional facilities such as, construction of new roads, remodelling of
existing roads, installation of water supply pipelines and sewerage system for
staff quarters / colony located at the project site and other sites as well as
Distribution Power line for smooth power supply to staff quarters/colony.
 Medical Dispensaries at Pump House and project site locations.
 Recreation activities viz. clubs etc. for the staff.
 Suitable arrangements shall be made by the Contractor/Construction Agency
on their own for providing accommodation to their personnel including
workers as well as water supply, power, sanitation, recreation and other
facilities.

7.12 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Three important elements of planning and management of construction works of

the Project are:

1. Quality Management
2. Management of Information System
3. Safety/Security aspects

A) Quality Management system encompasses both Quality Assurance (QA) and

Quality Control (QC). It integrates and co-ordinates activities such as design,
unambiguous specifications, procurement of quality material, approving a
proper supplier or vendor, carrying out the required tests and inspection etc.

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 9 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
i. Quality Control in Concreting

Concrete is the most versatile construction material used on various works of this
project namely including Pump House, Canal lining, pipe line network etc.
Quality control of concrete would involve the followings:

a) Control over mixing of ingredients of concrete i.e. cement, aggregates,

water, admixture etc.
b) Concrete mix proportioning
c) Control of concrete production and placement
d) Acceptance

Standards for concreting and its various ingredients are universally standardized
and the specifications would be in conformity with the same.

ii. Quality Control in Earthfill / Rockfill

Quality control of embankment during construction is of paramount importance as

many a failure has been due to lack of quality control during construction. Quality
control aims at ensuring that plans and specifications laid down by the designer
are implemented at site. Some of these are clear & unambiguous and controllable
by laboratory tests. They include logout & zoning, grading limits of materials
within difficult zones, the placement moisture content and compacted dry density.
The normal requirement of 95 to 98% of standard proctor density can be achieved
by either sheep-foot or pneumatic tyred rollers of suitable weight by controlling
optimum moisture content and number of passes of rollers. Other require
judgement and experience, e.g. the extent of excavation of foundations, treatment
of core contact area, the depth, spacing, grout mixes and grouting pressures for
treatment of rock foundations, selection & use of construction equipment and
steps needed to meet unforeseen situations and contingencies.

iii. Quality Assurance

The quality assurance process can be implemented through following steps:

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 10 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

 Preparation of manuals (check list/guidelines for use of various levels of

personnel in organisation and for monitoring quality of each operation)
 Continuous training in Management of quality, productivity and safety in
works
 Quality Auditing
 Monitoring

B) Management of Information System broadly caters to the major functions as

under:

 Monitor the actual achievements against the planned targets.

 Standardise formats for management control reports.
 Provide periodic management reports to the various centres, highlighting
major achievements and / or constraints in progress and their impact on
the Project Schedule.
 Provide systems for documentation, storage, analysis of reported data to
be adopted uniformly by all responsible centres.
 Develop data bank on construction experience for analysing the
achievements of various targets milestones as per project network.

C) Safety Organisation

With a view to promoting safety awareness and motivating project employees to

become safety conscious, safety meetings and safety seminars etc. would be
frequently organised. Safety measures for workmen/staff would be taken keeping
in view the site hazards. Safety training will also be imparted to train workers,
supervisors, foremen, engineers etc. The project authorities will entrust such
works to the concerned wing of the Project.

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 11 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)
PROCUREMENT PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS
SNo. Name of Equipment Unit 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year
I. Air Compressor and Drilling Equipment
(a) Heavy duty rock drills/Jack Hammers No. 10 10 10
(b) Air Compressor (Electric) 500 cfm No. 4 4 4
(c) Air Compressor (Portal) 250 cfm No. 2 2 2
(d) Air Compressor (Diesel) 170 cfm No. 2 2 2
(e) Paving Brackers No. 2 2 2
II. Earth Moving Equipment
(a) Hydraulic Excavator 3.5 cum No. 10 10 10
(b) Hydraulic excavation 2.5 cum No. 4 4 4
(c) F.E. loaders 3.5 cum bucket No 10 10 10
(d) F.E. loaders 2.5 cum bucket 4 4 4
(e) Wheel Dozer 130 H.P No 4 4 4
(f) Crawler Dozer with Riper 300 H.P No. 2 2 2
(g) Wheel Dozer D-6 (180 H.P) No. 2 2 2
(h) Low Profile rear Dumper 18 Tonnes No. 6 6 6
(i) Tippers – 15 Tonnes No. 4 4 4
(j) Sheep foot roller 30 T No. 4 4 4
(k) Pneumatic Tyre roller 20 T No. 2 2 2
(l) Clowber Tyred Tractors No. 1 1 1
(m) Rubber Tyred Tractor No. 1 1 1
III. Road Making and Compaction
equipment
(a) Road Roller 8/12 Tonnes No. 1 1 1
(b) Vibratory roller 12 Tonnes No. 1 1 1
(c) Water Sprinkler No. 2 2 2
IV. Concreting Equipment
(a) Batching & Mixing Plant 140 cum/Hr No. 2 2 2
(b) Cable way for concreting 140 cum/hr No.
capacity 1 1 1
(c) Aggregate crushing & screening Plant – No.
225 Ton/Hr 1 1 1
(d) Transit Concrete Mixer – 4 cum No. 4 4 4
(e) Concrete Pump 25 cum/Hr No. 2 2 2
(f) Grout Pump No. 1 1 1
(g) Vibrators No. 4 4 4
(h) Tower cranes – 10 Tonnes No. 1 1 1
(i) Concrete Trollies with two buckets each of No.
6 cum capacity 2 2 2

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 12 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

SNo. Name of Equipment Unit 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year
V. Inspection & Transport vehicles
(a) Staff Car No. 1 1 1
(b) Jeep No. 8 8 8
(c) Truck 10 Tonnes No. 2 2 2
(d) Mini Truck No. 2 2 2
(e) School/Staff Bus No. 1 1 1
(f) Ambulance No. 1 1 1
VI. Miscellaneous Equipment
(b) Mobile Crane - 18 Tonnes No. 1 1 1
(c) Mobile Crane – 10 Tonnes No. 1 1 1
(d) DG Sets 500 kVA No. 2 2 2
(e) Welding Sets No. 4 4 4
(f) Tractor Trailor No. 2 2 2
(g) Explosive van 10 Tonnes No. 1 1 1
(h) Weigh Bridge – 20 Tonnes No. 2 2 2
(i) Pumps 5 HP No. 8 8 8
(j) Pumps 10 HP No. 8 8 8
(k) Pumps 40 HP No. 2 2 2
VII Workshop Equipment
(a) Central lathe Machines No. 1 1 1
(b) Shaper Machine No. 1 1 1
(c) Hydraulic Press No. 1 1 1
(d) Bench drilling Machine No. 1 1 1
(e) Grinder No. 2 2 2
(f) Drill Steel Grinder No. 2 2 2
(g) Power Hacksaw No. 2 2 2
(h) Hydraulic Jack No. 4 4 4
(i) Engine Repair shop No. 1 1 1
(j) Auto electric repair shop No. 2 2 2
(k) Battery charger No. 2 2 2
(l) Compressor for tyre inflation No. 2 2 2
(m) Gas cutting sets No. 2 3 3
(n) Greasing Plant No. 2 2 2
(o) Unforeseen items L.S. 10 10 10

Chapter-7: Construction Planning 7- 13 WAPCOS Limited

 ANNEXURE - 7.1

CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE OF SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT, PHASE- I

Year- 1 Year-2 Year- 3

S.No Package No Name of work

MAY

MAY

MAY
MAR

MAR

MAR
NOV

NOV

NOV
AUG

AUG

AUG
OCT

OCT

OCT
DEC

DEC

DEC
APR

APR

APR
JAN

JUN

JAN

JUN

JAN

JUN
FEB

FEB

FEB
JUL

JUL

JUL
SEP

SEP

SEP
1 Pre-Construction work INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Land Acquistion , Renovation, Remodelling and

A
Construction of Access Roads Etc.

Arrangement of Power, repair of CD works for easy

B communication, Mobilisation, tenders and award of
works etc.

Main Construction
2 MAIN WORKS
work

Package-I Infrastructure Works

Package-II Construction of Pump houses and pumping mains

Construction of Cross drainage and Cross Masonry

Package-III
works

Package-IV Construction of Canal links, Regulators, Escapes, Falls

Package-V Construction of Tunnels

 Annexure-7.2

Requirement of Field Workers/ Technical/ Foreman

Sl. No. Category Nos. Required

1. Senior Foreman (C)
3
2. Senior Foreman (E & M) 3
3. Gauge Reader 3
4. Lab Assistant/Silt Analyst 5
5. Auto Electrician 5
6. Driller 5
7. Fitter 5
8. Welder 5
9. Mechanic 5
10. Carpenter 5
11. Mason 10
12. Beldar/Helper 10
13. Plumber 2
14. Painter 1
15. Dozer Operator 10
16. Loader Operator 10
17. Electrician 5
18. DG Set Operator 5
19. Compressor Operator 5
20. Pump Operator 5
21. Crane Operator 3
22. Care Jaker 3
23. Cook 5
24. Safaiwala 5
 Annexure 7.3
Requirement of Staff

Project HQ & (Civil) (E&M) (F&A) (Admin) Total

Head/
Monitoring)
Chief
Engineer
C.E/S.E 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
SAO/AO - - - - 2 - 2
EE 1 1 3 3 1 1 10
AE/AEE 4 3 5 5 2 1 20
Draftsman/Assistant 1 1 5 2 1 1 11
Attendant 3 2 7 4 2 2 20
Para Medical Staff - - 1 1 1 2 5
8. COST ESTIMATE
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER - 8
COST ESTIMATE

8.1 OBJECTIVE OF THEPROJECT

The main purpose of the proposed project is not only to integrate earlier proposed
Indira Sagar and Rajiv Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme into one lift irrigation scheme but
also cover the Gap Ayacut which is not coming under any present or future irrigation
scheme. It is in this context the present scheme is renamed as Sita Rama Lift Irrigation
Project is being formulated to cover about 9.36 Lakh Acres (including New Ayacut
and Stabilization) of Bhadradri- Kothagudem, Khammam and MahabubabadDistricts.

The project has been planned to execute in two phases. The Present report deals with
Phase-I of the Scheme covers Bhadradri- Kothagudem, Khammam and Mahabubabad
Districts. Phase – I of this scheme covers command area of 2,72,921 Ha with new
ayacut of about 1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha.

8.2 GENERAL

Cost estimation of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project (Phase-I), Telangana has been
worked out by calculating the quantities of different items of work involved and
multiplying the respective items with the applicable unit rates. The applicable unit
rates, in turn are based upon cost of material, cost of transportation as prevailing in the
state of Telangana and the labour rates. Most of the rates adopted in the estimate have
been taken from the schedule of rates (SOR) 2015-16 for works of Irrigation and CAD
Works, Part- I, Telangana and are expressed in INR.

8.3 BASIC COST OFESTIMATE

The total estimated cost of the project including direct and indirect changes is
Rs 11,931.73 crores.

Chapter-8: Cost Estimate 8-1 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

8.4 DESCRIPTION OF MAJORHEADS

The project cost is classified in two groups as per CWC guidelines.

UNIT- I : Headworks
UNIT-II : Canal Network

8.4.1 Direct Charges

Under this head provisions have been made for various structures of the project as
detailed here under: -

Summary
I Works Rs. 10722.93 crores
II Establishment Rs. 953.99 Crores
III Tools and Plants Rs. 107.23 crores
IV Suspense -
V Receipts and recoveries on capital account -
Total Direct Charges in Lakhs Rs. 11784.15 crores
Total Indirect Charges in Lakhs Rs 147.58 crores

Total Amount Rs. 11931.73 crores

A-Preliminary

This head includes provisions for surveys & investigations, model studies etc. to be
conducted to arrive at the optimum project components. Provision also includes
expenditure on investigation work already done. A provision of Rs 57.33 crore has
been provided under this head.

B-Land

This covers the provision for acquisition of land for Submergence area coming under
head works, Canal network and its various structures, colonies, roads, the R&R
settlement cost etc. A provision of Rs. 1182.98 crores have been made.
Chapter-8: Cost Estimate 8-2 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

C-works

This sub head covers the cost of civil structures of Head works, Pump House
including cost of civil works, pumps, motors etc. The quantities indicated in the
estimates are calculated from the preliminary design and rate as per experience of
other ongoing or commissioned projects. A provision of Rs. 2454.06 crores have
been made to frame the estimate of this project.

D-Regulator

A provision of Rs. 83.20 crores have been made under this sub head.

F-Cross Drainage works

In this subhead, a provision of Rs. 785.81 crores have been made for the various
cross drainage structures coming under the canal network.

G-Bridges

A total estimate of Rs. 642.93 crores have been made under this subhead.

K-Buildings

Buildings, both residential & non-residential have been grouped separately under
permanent and temporary construction. Included under the permanent category are all
those buildings which will be subsequently utilized for running and maintenance of
project utilities. The cost has been taken on plinth area basis as per experience of other
ongoing or commissioned projects. The total cost has been worked out as Rs.114.66
crores

L1 –Earthwork

A total of Rs. 2399.70 crores have been worked out under this subhead.

L2 –Lining

An estimate of Rs. 391.37 crores have been worked out in this subhead.

Chapter-8: Cost Estimate 8-3 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

L3- Tunnel

A provision of Rs. 577.50 crores have been worked out in this subhead.

M- Plantation

A provision of Rs. 28.66 crores have been made under this subhead

O-Miscellaneous

Provision under this head has been made to cover the cost of the following
miscellaneous works:
a) Capital cost of electrification, water supply, sewage disposal, firefighting
equipment etc.
b) Repair and maintenance of electrification, water supply, sewage disposal,
medical assistance, recreation, post office, telephone & telegraph office, security
arrangements, firefighting, inspection vehicles, schools, transport of labouretc.
c) Other services such as laboratory testing, R&M of Guest House and transit
camps, community centre, retrenchment compensation, photographic instruments
as well as R & M charges etc. A provision of Rs. 14.33 crores have been
provided under this head.

P-Maintenance during construction

A provision of 1 % of the I works excluding A-preliminary works, B-land, O-

miscellaneous, M-plantation, Q-special Tools, X-environment has been made for
maintenance of works during construction period which comes out to be Rs. 28.81
crores.

Q-Special T&P Tools and Plants

The provision under this head has been made to cover the residual value of the
equipment to be used for infrastructure works only re-capital cost of equipment less
the credit due to resale or transfer of equipments and life of machinery used in works.
A chargeable amount of Rs 50.00 crores is allocated tentatively under this subhead.

Chapter-8: Cost Estimate 8-4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

R-Communication

Provision of Rs. 14.33 crores under this head covers the cost of construction and
improvement of approach and connecting roads etc in the project area. Widening
ofroad have been planned to cater for the anticipated traffic including movement of
heavy trailers.

U-Distributaries, Minors and Sub Minors

Provision of Rs. 1346.00 crores have been worked out in this subhead.

V –Water Courses /Field Channels

A provision of Rs. 134.60 crores have been worked out in this subhead.

X-Environment and Ecology

A provision of Rs. 409.43 crores under this head has been made for environment and
impact mitigation measures including compensatory afforestation, public health
measures to control water and soil borne diseases, restoration of land etc.

Y-Losses on Stock

Under this sub head is made at 0.25% of the I works excluding A-preliminary works,
B- land, O-miscellaneous, M-plantation, Q-special Tools, X-environment and Ecology
as provided in CWC guidelines for preparation of cost estimates for River Valley
Projects.

Indirect Charges

These charges cover the cost towards fees for audit and accounts which has been
taken as 1% of I-works as per norms. Provision has also been made for capitalization
abatement of land revenue @ 5% of cost of cultivable land.

Chapter-8: Cost Estimate 8-5 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

II – Establishment

Provisions for establishment have been made @ 10% of less B-Land for Unit-I and
unit- II.

III- Tools and Plants

This provision is distinct from that under Q-special T&P and is meant to cover cost of
survey instruments, camp equipment & other small tools and plants. The outlay is
provided at 1% of cost of I-works.

IV- Suspense

No provision has been made under this subhead.

V- Receipts and Recoveries

Under this provision, estimated recoveries by way of resale or transfer of equipment

and of temporary building is taken into account.

The General Abstract of the same is given here under.

Chapter-8: Cost Estimate 8-6 WAPCOS Limited

 SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT
Phase-I
ABSTRACT OF COST
Total
Amount
S. No. Description
(in Rs. Lakh)
Direct Charges
I WORKS
A. Preliminary 5733.13
B. Land 118298.48
C. Works 245406.26
D. Regulators 8320.44
F. Cross Drainage Works 78580.74
G. Bridges 64293.33
J. Power Plant Civil Works -
K. Buildings 11466.25
L1 Earthwork 239970.07
L2 Lining 39137.41
L3 Tunnels 57750.00
M. Plantation 2866.56
O. Miscellaneous 1433.28
P. Maintenance 2880.90
Q. Special T & P 5000.00
R. Communication 1433.28
U. Distributaries 134600.00
V. Water Courses 13460.00
X. Environment & Ecology 40942.50
Y. Losses on Stock 720.22
Total of I-Works: 1072292.85

II Establishment @ 10% of cost of I-Works less B-Land 95399.44

III Tools & Plants @ 1% of cost of I-Works 10722.93
IV Suspense 0
V Receipt and Recoveries (- ve) 0.00
Total Direct Charges: 1178415.22

2 Indirect Charges
Capital Value of abatement of land revenue (5% of 4035.13
a)
Culturable land revenue of B- Land)
b) Audit & Account Charges @ 1% of cost of I-Works 10722.93
Total Indirect Charges (a+b) 14758.05
Total Direct & Indirect Charges (Rs. In Lakhs) 1193173.27
Total cost (Rs. in crore) 11931.73
9. ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER - 9

ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION

9.1 INTRODUCTION

It is natural for any investments, to search for a measure of the benefits likely to be
derived from investments in the project. Thus, the main purpose of undertaking the
financial and economic analysis appraisal of a project is to assess its capacity to
maximize the efficient use of natural resources.

In the analytical system followed for this project, the “with” and “without” situations
are compared based on constant prices at current levels both for financial and
economic analysis.

The purpose of the economic analysis is to assess the real costs and benefits without
distortions due to taxes, subsidies, quotas or other factors influencing the value of the
products and services. The financial analysis is based not on economic values or
shadow prices but on the prices observed on the market. As such the purpose of
financial analysis is to assess the benefit of the project from the point of view of
farmer or individuals directly getting the benefits, whereas the economic analyses
focus on the society as whole.

9.2 PROJECT EVALUATION METHODS

A wide variety of appraisal criteria (or evaluation methods) have been suggested in
literature to judge the wothehileness of the investment in the projects. The important
and popular in use can be classified into two broad categories as (i) Discounting and
(ii) Non Discounting criteria.

The important discounting criteria are: Net Present Value, Benefit Cost Ratio and
internal rate of Return. The popular non-discounting criteria are Payback period and
Accounting rate of return.

The Net present value of a project is equal to the sum of the present value of all the
cash flows (inflows as well as outflows) associated with it.

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-1 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

The discounted benefit – cost ratio is defined as ratio of present value of benefit and
present value of cost at social discount rate.

The Payback period is the length of time required to recover the initial cash outlay on
the project.

The accounting rate of return also referred to, as the average rate of return, is a
measure of profitability, which relates income to investments both measure in
accounting terms. It is the ratio average income and initial investment.

The internal Rate of return (IRR) is defined as the rate of interest, at which, the
discounted benefits and the discounted cost over the stipulated life of the project are
equal. The IRR based on financial prices are denoted as FIRR and that based on
economical prices are denoted as EIRR.

9.3 CRITERIA FOR FINACIAL AND / OR ECONOMICAL VIABILITY

If a project is to be categorized as financially and/ or economically viable, the

following conditions must be satisfied.

1. The financial and economic viability of a project stipulates that the discounted
benefits, accruing as a result of the project developments, should exceed the
discounted costs. This is generally done by either estimating net present value
(NPV) of the project i.e. net present value of benefit minus net present value of
cost or by determining the internal rate of return (IRR). The particular discount
rate, at which, the NPV of the project works out to be zero or little higher than
zero, should not be lower than the opportunity cost of capital, i.e the
appropriate social discounts rate.

2. The BCR must be equal to or higher than unity with a discount rate as
enumerated in (i) above.

3. The IRR must be equal to or higher than the appropriate social discount rate, or
the opportunity cost of capital.

4. The Payback period is less than a certain specified payback period.

5. The accounting rate of return should exceed a certain cut off rate of return

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-2 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

6. The opportunity cost of capital in this analysis is 10 % which is same as

assumed by World Bank for developing countries.

From the theoretical point of view, the net present value method is clearly superior to
all other methods. For larger projects accounting rate of return and in more recent
years, discounted cash flow method are more commonly employed. For smaller
projects the Payback period method appears to be popular. In U.S, Internal rate of
return, Net Present value, Accounting Rate of return and Payback period are the most
popular methods of project appraisal.

9.4 METHODOLOGY FOR WORKING OUT NET AGRICULTURAL INCOME

For the financial and economical appraisal of the irrigation scheme, a series of
budgets for various crops of the designed cropping pattern have been prepared.
Financial and Economic crop budgets have been prepared for both the “Future
Without” (FWOP) and “Future With” (FWP) project situation. These crops budgets
include estimation of the gross value of the production and all direct production costs.
The objective of working out the crop budgets is to estimate the net return per ha of a
cropped area.

9.5 CROP BUDGET

Crop productivity is influenced by many endogenous and exogenous factors. It cannot

be precisely predicted due to aberrations brought about by the unpredictable vagaries
of nature and unforeseen depredation by pest and disease. Further, it has neither fixed
input, output, coefficients of the type evinced in the industrial product nor can the
aberrations be kept under check as in case of experiments under controlled laboratory
environments as in physics and chemistry, So add to these the fact that reliable
statistics on these are awfully lacking, it is necessary to make certain assumptions
regarding, input-output relationships and productivity of crops under different
situations.

Since there is a great deal of fluctuations in the market prices of various products and
Govt. regulate prices of certain inputs and outputs, the minimum support price where
ever available and the administered prices of above inputs have been taken into

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-3 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

consideration for evaluating cost of inputs and value of outputs for the entire post
project period, for those items like bi-products, the prevailing market price of the bi-
product in the locality or its opportunity cost as a substitute of other item, have been
taken into consideration. The input prices of seeds, fertilizers (with subsidy + taxes)
have been adopted from while the prices of other input like organic manure, wages of
animal labour have been obtained from the locality. The labour wage has been taken
as Rs.100/- per day which is minimum statutory prescribed by the Govt. Changes in
prices over time due to over all changes in prices have been ignored as these will
equally affect the input prices and output prices. Besides the fact that the installments
payment of loans and interest does not change over time due to changes in price level
adds credence to these assumptions.

Crop budgets were prepared for assessing the crop benefits which can be expected
under “without” as well as under “with” Project conditions. Crop budgets were first
prepared in financial price terms and then converted to economic terms, for selected
crops as per the envisaged cropping pattern of the project The Crops and their
cropping pattern under present and future both for “without” and “with” Project
situations are given in Table No 9.1

9.5.1 ASSUMPTIONS

Certain assumptions were made in preparing the Financial/Economic crop budgets, as

discussed below:

a. The cost of inputs includes expenditure on seeds, fertilizers, manure, plant

protection chemicals, human labour, animal power, machine power and other
costs, including irrigation expenses, land revenue, depreciation on tools and
implements, miscellaneous expenses and interest on operating cost.(Refer Crop
Budget tables in Annexure 9.1).

b. The gross crop value includes the value of the main produce and by-products.
The crop yield for main product , By-product, and seed requirement and their
price as adopted in the present study are given in Table 9.2 (a) and 9.2 (b).

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-4 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

c. That the prices of input and output of various crops will remain constant. The
justification of this lies in that the increase input and output prices will be
counterbalanced by inflation.

d. That the life of irrigation canal system is 100 years.

e. Under irrigated conditions in “with” Project situation, returns can reasonably be

expected to be commensurate with investments in production inputs.

f. Shift from the present use of local seeds under “without” Project situation,
HYVs (High Yielding Varieties) of seeds in the “with” Project future situation is
envisaged in cereals, pulses, and oil seeds, vegetable and other cash crops with
improvement in cultivation practices ,improved technology and management.

g. In the “with” project situation increase in the use of chemical fertilizers is

envisaged in line with the recommended practices and improved technology, and
assuming optimal availability of other inputs.

h. Presently, agriculture is highly labour-intensive. There are, however, marked

peaks and slacks in demand for labour in agriculture. Greater use of other
agricultural inputs will further increase the demand for labour. Since there is
already unemployment and underemployment of the agricultural labour force,
any increase in demand for labour due to the implementation of agriculture and
water resources development projects is not likely to pose any serious problem.

i. That the development of irrigation infrastructure will be integrated with other

agricultural activities to get full benefits of assured water supply

j. That necessary institutional support and services will be available from various
departments concerned with supply of inputs and disposal of the outputs so that
the farmers adopt full package of practices and take full benefits from assured
water supply.

k. At present the use of animal power is minimal, and depends upon the agricultural
practices being followed and the type of crops grown. With the advent of modern
technology, coupled with mechanized agriculture, the use of animal power is
likely to continue to decline.

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-5 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

l. Presently the use of machine power is at a low level and is going to increase in
future.

m. Depreciation has been considered only with respect to small tools and
implements. Certain items of storage, marketing payments to artisans etc., were
considered as miscellaneous expenses.

n. That all extension activities will be geared to educate the farmers for making
optimum utilization of irrigation potential created and that the full projected level
of output, income and employment will be attained by the 8th year of initiation of
the project.

o. That there will be hardly any changes in the exogenous factors (although not
realistic) influencing agricultural production.

p. That the necessary managerial set up will be provided to monitor the

implementation programme to attain the goals envisaged.

q. That the productivity of crops will be as envisaged in Table 9.2 (a) and 9.2 (b)
with and without modernization of the project respectively.

9.5.2 INPUT ITEMS FOR CROP BUDGET

The following input items were included in the crop budgets:

i) Value of seed
ii) Value of fertilizers
iii) Value of manure (FYM)
iv) Value of plant protection chemicals
v) Value of human labour (owned and hired)
vi) Value of animal power
vii) Value of machine power
viii) Value of water (only for “with” Project situation)
ix) Land revenue
x) Depreciation and Maintenance
xi) Transport cost
xii) Interest on working capital & miscellaneous expenditures

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-6 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Costs of production per hectare of different crops are calculated by the Directorate of
Economics & Statistics, Govt. of India (GOI), starting from the lowest cost,
representing actual expenses in cash and kind incurred in production by the owner, or
operator, under the heading of operational costs, to the highest level, including all the
values of the imputed costs. The primary intention of these calculations is to estimate
the cost of production per quintal for principal crops, so as to assist the Commission
of Cost and Prices (CAC&P) in advising the GOI how to establish procurement and
support prices.

The practice of World Bank which is followed in the preparation of Staff Appraisal
Reports (SARS) on irrigation projects, only the expenses in cash and kind actually
incurred by the farmers are generally considered. However items of operational costs,
like depreciation on machinery and implements, land revenue, miscellaneous
expenditures, interest on working capital and expenditures like taxes etc. which are
generally not considered in the World Bank SARs, have been considered in preparing
the crop budgets for the present study.

The input application without project has been gleaned from the past experience based
on some survey and extrapolated for some similar crops not covered in the survey.
The input application for the post project period have been obtained from the relevant
Farm Planning and Guide Book and agricultural practice manual which represents full
package of practices under assured water supply.

The current area under various crops representing the situation without project has
been extrapolated. The area under various crops in future situation has been derived
from cropping pattern optimization. The details irrigated and un-irrigated area under
“Present”, “Future without Project” and “Future with Project” are given in Table No
9.1.

9.5.3 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CROP BUDGETS

Both financial and economic crop budgets, for the “without” and the “with” project
situations were developed for the present study. A summary of the financial and
economic crop budget covering yield, gross return, cost of production and net return
computed for different crops for present as well as future both for the “without” and

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-7 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

“with” situations are presented, Table- 9.3 to Table-9.4. Financial and Economic crop
prices used for preparing crop budgets both for “without” and “with” project situations
are given in Table No – 9.2 (a) and 9.2(b). The Financial crop presented in Annexure
9.1 respectively

9.5.4 INCREMENTAL AGRICULTURAL BENEFIT STREAM

In order to derive incremental net financial economic benefit streams for agricultural
the methodology described in the earlier paras, has been used. On the basis of net
return per ha of cropped area the benefit for one ha of net cultivated area was worked
out under “Without” and “With “ project situations. Taking into account the cropping
pattern the incremental benefit from the project area has been estimated. Since the
construction of dam and other works will be completed in the 3rd year itself, the partial
irrigation will be available from the 4th year onwards.

The farmer has already cultivating the land in command area and is well aware of crop
production. It has been assumed that full development of crop production except
orange will be achieved in 7th year of the project.

The year wise incremental income from the project is presented in Table No 9.4 and
9.5 for financial and economical analysis respectively. It has been assumed that once
the project reaches its full development stage in 8th year the benefits will remain the
same for the project life.

9.6 PRICES

The entire analysis was done on constant prices. To estimate the gross return per
hectare for agricultural produce, various kinds of prices, such market prices (retail and
wholesale), farm-gate prices and administered prices (procurement and support) could
be considered. For the purpose of present analysis, the farm gate (post-harvest) prices
were used. The farm gate prices were obtained from the Season and Crop report of
Directorate of Economics & Statistics, for the years 2015-16 as well as obtained from
field survey conducted in the project command areas. For the agricultural by-products,
the prices prevailing in the producing areas during 2015-16 have been taken as the
basis, because, first, there is no Government procurement of agricultural by-products,

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-8 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

and second, the produced is assumed to be consumed locally, obviating the necessity
for any adjustment of transport cost and loss in transit.

9.6.1 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC UNIT PRICES

The financial prices of different inputs and outputs of different crops are based on the
observed prices in the local markets and are generally those reportedly paid or received
by the farmers. These financial prices were adjusted where necessary to reflect the
opportunity cost to the society, thus expressing the economic prices of inputs and
outputs. For those items are internally traded or substituting items traded on the
international market, economic prices were based on the World Bank's Commodity
Price Projections given in the Global Economic Prospects. Crop inputs or outputs not
traded on the international market were priced on the basis of their financial prices.
The derivation of various financial and economic prices used in the analysis and their
detailed calculations are presented in Tables 9.7 to 9.9.

9.6.2 CONVERSION FACTORS

For economic analysis purposes, the costs and benefits of the Phase-I of Sita Rama Lift
Irrigation Project have to be evaluated at world market prices so as to measure
correctly net economic benefits from this project. These require certain adjustments,
since, many items are not traded on the world market and others are affected by tariffs
and trade restrictions.

9.6.3 STANDARD CONVERSION FACTOR (SCF)

The benefits of the operation are evaluated at world market prices, i.e. they measure
what India would have to pay for imports or receive for exports. Most of the costs,
however, are for items that are not traded on the world market. Tariffs and trade
restrictions introduce a distortion in the price relationship between traded goods —
valued at world market prices — and non—traded goods — valued at local prices.
Thus, the costs are not directly comparable with the benefits. In order to make them
compared, an SCF is applied to the price of non—traded goods and consumption.

Adjusting the financial prices to reflect economic values, involves determining an

appropriate premium attached to foreign exchange. The need to determine the foreign
Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-9 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

exchange premium arises because in many countries, as a result of national trade

policies (including tariffs on imported goods and subsidies on export), a premium is
paid on traded goods, above what is paid for non- traded goods. The official exchange
rate is, therefore, multiplied by the foreign exchange premium which yields a shadow
foreign exchange rate. The shadow exchange rate is then used to convert the foreign
exchange price of traded items into domestic currency.

The effect of using the shadow exchange rate is to make traded items relatively more
expensive in terms of domestic currency, by the amount of foreign exchange premium.
This method is often used, and the relationship between the official and the estimated
exchange rates constitutes what is called the Standard Conversion Factor (SCF).

In the absence of trade restrictions, the SCF can be approximately calculated using the
formula:
X M
SCF 
X  Sx  M  T m

Where,
X = fob value of exports at the official exchange rate (OER);
M = CIF value of imports at OER;
S = export subsidies;
Tm = import duties.
For India, SCF was assessed at 0.80 in 1980s, and subsequently at 0.85, to take
account of the real evolution of the economy and the Indian Rupee.

The rupee has now become a convertible currency, at the cost of substantial
devaluation and an overseas trade which is subject to less and less taxes, restrictions or
subsidies. This means that exchange rate of the Rupee, when compared with foreign
currencies, is a fairly close reflection of the shadow price of the foreign currencies, and
therefore the SCF can be taken as equal to one.

9.6.4 Prices of Agricultural Outputs

The economic prices for traded goods such as rice, wheat, cotton, groundnuts, and
sugarcane are based on their border prices at the official exchange rate (OER). The
domestic cost components (i.e. local transport and marketing charges) are adjusted by
Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-10 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

the SCF of 0.80. The economic prices for non - traded food grains (sorghum, maize
and pulses are assumed to be non—traded) are derived by applying a food grain
conversion factor (FCF) to the financial price. The FCF can be estimated with the
following formula:

FCF = [(Q rice x PE rice) ÷ (Q wheat x PE wheat)]/ [(Q rice x PF rice) + (Q wheat x
PF wheat)]

Where Q: production

PE: Economic border price

PF: Financial price

9.6.5 Prices of Agricultural Inputs

Fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides are potentially traded commodities; to make

allowance for taxes and subsidies and the total cost of transport and marketing, a
conversion factor of 0.95 has been applied to the financial price. The financial price of
bullocks and miscellaneous charges has been multiplied by the SCF to express them in
economic terms. Analyses of farm labor supply and demand in various Indian
irrigation projects typically give an economic shadow wage rate for farm labor in the
range of 1/2 to 2/3 of the average financial wage rate. For the analysis of this project a
shadow wage rate of 65% of the market wage has been assumed.

Prices for traded items for which projections are not made, and for non-traded items,
were calculated by adjusting the financial prices. Local costs, excluding those for
unskilled labour, were adjusted by applying the Standard Conversion Factor of 1. Cost
of unskilled labour was adjusted by both the SCF and by the Shadow Wage Factor
(SWF) of 0.50. The Economic Conversion Factor (ECF) for unskilled labour is thus
0.50. The market wage rate is considered to be a true reflection of the opportunity cost
of skilled labour. The economic price of skilled labour is valued at 100 percent of the
market or financial rate.

9.6.6 CONSTRUCTION CONVERSION FACTOR

The schemes would be constructed using a mixture of equipment, skilled and unskilled
labor. For the economic analysis, the CCF is estimated as follows:
Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-11 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

(a) Traded Component: This component includes capital intensive works which
require imported materials. Since it is traded, the conversion factor is 1.00. It is
estimated that about 15% of the construction costs fall under this category.

(b) Non-Traded Component: This component includes works that require skilled
labor and locally manufactured materials. The SCF of 0.80 is used as the
conversion factor for these works. About 30% of the construction Costs are
included in this category.
(c) Unskilled Labor: A minimum wage is in force. Since daily workers virtually
never are paid above the minimum wage, it is likely that this wage is higher than
the wage at which the workers would be willing to work (i.e. their supply price).
Civil works construction is harder physical work than farming, and experience
from similar areas in India indicates that the laborers require a premium of 25%—
30% to shift from agriculture to construction work. By comparison with
agricultural wages in the State, it is estimated that the construction laborers’
supply price is about 15% to 20% below the minimum wage. This gives a shadow
wage factor which is l0%—20% below the SCF, or approximately equal to 0.65. It
is estimated that unskilled labor constitutes about 55% of the construction cost.

Conversion Factor

Traded Items 1.00

Non traded Items 0.80

Unskilled Labor 0.65

Construction Costs (weighted average) 0.85

The resultant conversion factor for project construction costs i.e. 85%. This is the
factor by which the financial cost of the works expressed at the market price was
multiplied to obtain the shadow price for these works.

9.6.7 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Costs

Costs of the operation include the cost of resettling families from villages submerged
by the reservoirs. The economic cost of resettlement is calculated by multiplying the
financial cost by the construction conversion factor (CCF). Where the cost of land

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-12 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

acquisition is concerned, the real cost to society is the opportunity cost, that is, the
production foregone by the submersion of the land in the reservoirs and the loss of
lands acquired for the construction of the distribution system. The per ha value of
production in the future “without project” situation was taken to represent this
opportunity cost and deducted from the benefit stream.

9.6.8 CONVERSION FACTOR FOR O & M COSTS

Conversion factors for O & M involve two components which are (i) employment of
unskilled labour and (ii) materials and equipment with traded and non-traded
components. The Conversion Factors (CF) derived for O&M was also multiplied by
85%.

9.7 PROJECT BENEFITS

The first 7 years of the project have been reckoned as construction period. Hence the
cropping pattern in vogue remains the same as in the current period. Commencing with
the 8th year the farmer will start reaping the full benefit of assured water supply. The
extension activities should be geared from the very 1st year of construction to motivate
the farmers to switch on to the proposed cropping pattern and adopt modern
technology so that they follow the recommended practices and take full benefit of
assured water supply. To attain this objective, CADA, Agriculture Department may
conduct one experiment in each panchayat in the farmers’ field on the benefits of full
package of practices where irrigation is available and impart certain training to farmers
on water management. Since these are part and parcel of the activities of CADA works
and Agriculture Department, no separate budgetary provision need be made in the
project for this work. There should be a vigorous extension effort by the district
authorities to produce biofertiliser, Rhyzobium culture, compost manure, agricultural
machinery, pesticides, and distribute inputs like high yielding variety of paddy, seeds,
fertilizers etc. Further programmes have been made for imparting certain on farm
training to the farmers on different aspects of agriculture. It is expected that all these
efforts will boost up agricultural production and full package of practices will be
adopted with the commencement of the 8th year.

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-13 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

The quantum of various resources used in raising different crops during the Kharif and
Rabi seasons in the pre-project period have been adopted from the information
available for the project area.

9.7.1 Direct benefits

i) Incremental Crop Production

The development of the project would allow intensive farming of 272921 Ha of area
under cultivation. In the present situation the entire area of 272921 Ha is experiencing
rainfed like condition, which would be irrigated during the future with project
situation. Irrigation will also allow full use of the land which is not cultivated under
current farming practices. The incremental production of crops from the developed
land would be the benefit to the society. In addition, extra production will contribute
to local food grains supplies and reduce regional and national food grains deficits. The
actual and incremental production of cereal, oilseed and other crops due to project are
summarized below:

ii) Increased Employment

The implementation of Irrigation Scheme will create employment opportunities in the

project area. The employment is associated with improved farming practices as well
as the construction of the irrigation scheme. With irrigation additional farm labour
would also be required as a result of higher cropping intensity through double cropping
providing employment opportunities to local people within and outside the vicinity of
the project area.

9.7.2 INDIRECT BENEFITS

This impact of project outcome occurring from several indirect and secondary non-
farm benefits may originate from the production aspect of the project as the value
added and employment opportunity generated by processing and new marketing
activities, like transportation and storage services.

The impact is also felt in the increase in family working hours and increase in
employment opportunities of the wage earners, the latter get employment during slack

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-14 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

season and higher wages during peak load period. Besides a great deal of indirect
employment opportunities in the processing storage, transportation and marketing
fields will also be generated in the non-farm activities, emanating from the output
enhancement of the agricultural sector.

Other employment opportunity may emerge from the secondary or side effect of the
project in the form of providing services for recreation, health, power, education
facilities in the area.

Other social benefits are redistribution of income, eradication of poverty and increase
in standard of living in the rural areas. This will also reduce the tendency of migration
of rural people to urban areas.

The inclusion of indirect and secondary costs and benefits is very important element in
economic justification of the project where physical resources are either idle or
underutilized and where one of the most important purpose of the project is to absorb
the unused and under used factors of production and increase their efficiencies.

Most of these impact effects are of subjective nature and difficult to measure
quantitatively. However, it is now time for the economist to derive input output,
coefficients for these indirect and secondary costs and benefits to gauge the full
outcome of the project. This will satisfy the advocate suggesting realization of full cost
of the irrigation works from the farming community by levying irrigation taxes. In a
nutshell, the indirect, secondary cost and benefit accruing from the project cannot be
overlooked for the purpose of measuring the full impact of the project and for
expressing a judgment on its social worthiness.

i) Poverty Eradication/Food security

Improved crop production through the commissioning of the irrigation scheme will
increase farm income in the project area. Food supply will increase and there will be
cash income available for food or other purchases.

ii) Risk benefits

Project Districts Administration vis–a-vis State Govt. risks are considerably reduced
through irrigation and the higher cropping intensities will protect the authorities

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-15 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

against shortfall in crop production. With the existing population structure and its
rapid growth in the project area, the long term benefits from irrigation are even more
important. Reliable water supplies along with improved package of agricultural
practices may encourage farmers to go for round the year crop production to take
advantage of market conditions.

iii) Transfer of Technology

Project Districts Agricultural Departments will be in a sound position to introduce

modern agricultural technology and farming practices to retain the fertility status of the
soil with the installation of the irrigation scheme. This may also serve as a
demonstration to other farmers in the region.

iv) Health and Nutrition

Increased cash income resulting from increased crop production and employment
opportunities would result in higher per capita consumption of a greater variety of food
items. This in turn will improve the nutrition levels of the people in the project area.

v) Environmental Facility

The irrigation scheme will improve the overall environmental and ecological situations
in the project area which in turn will reduce the health hazard.

9.8 MARKETING OUTLOOK

The marketing of increased agriculture output resulting from modernization

programme will not pose any serious problem firstly, because the crops like rice,
pulses, and vegetables, oil seeds, proposed to be grown in the post project period are
traditional crops of the localities meant for local consumption. Thus it has got a vast
unsatiated local market which can absorb the additional output with the increase in
employment and income of the farmers and nonfarm rural people secondly there are a
number of oil mills in the locality to mop up the oilseeds crops. Thirdly, the
infrastructure like storage, transportation and other communication facilities are well
developed to convey the surplus product of these commodities and other perishable
commodities, like vegetables, from the producing area to the urban markets.

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-16 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Supply and distribution of input will not also pose any problem as there are a number
of retail outlets for supply and distribution of all agricultural inputs in the rural area.
The minimum support prices of agriculture commodities are announced by the
Agricultural price Commission well ahead of the commencement of the cropping
season. These support prices based on the survey, through cost accounting method, on
the cost of production of various major crops in various parts of the country. The
prices of some of the important input like fertilizer; seeds etc. are regulated by the
Government. It is expected that these regulatory activities will prevail throughout the
post project period, notwithstanding the liberalization policy of the Govt.

9.9 PROJECT COST

9.9.1 PROJECT FINANCIAL COST

The total financial cost of the project is Rs.119317.3 Million. The 70 % expenditure
will be incurred during the first two years and the remaining 30 % amount shall be
paid to the contractor in 3rd year. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) cost at the rate
of 1175 per ha has been assumed from 6th year onward. The year wise project cost and
O & M have also been given in the Table No 9.5 for financial analysis.

9.9.2 PROJECT ECONOMICAL COST

The economic cost includes capital investment and O & M cost of the proposed
irrigation scheme. The economic cost has been obtained after adjusting the financial
cost for opportunity cost, taxes and standard conversion factor. The same parameters
have been applied for estimating economic cost, as has been applied foe estimating the
economic benefits. Details for estimating economic prices and standard conversion
factor are given in the earlier para and results are given in Table 9.6.

9.10 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS – RESULT

9.10.1 Financial Analysis

Project analysis has been carried out to cover as total period of 100 years from the year
of the start of the construction of the project. The year wise net incremental return in

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-17 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

the “with” project situation over “without” project situation has been computed as
under and given under 9.5.

Net Incremental Return = Net return in “with” Project situation minus Net return in
the “without” Project situation.

The flow of costs and benefits has been discounted at base discount rates (10%) to
formulate discounted cash flow streams. The Table–9.5 gives the year wise project
investment costs, O&M costs, and total investment costs. The table 9.5 gives the
financial IRR calculation with project net incremental return and net cash flow stream
calculated at the base discount rate. It also gives the FIRR i.e. discount rate, at which
with the stream of cash flow, will give zero Net Project Value or Net Project Value
tends to zero at the end year of the evaluated period. The Financial Internal Rate of
Return (FIRR) for this project is found to be 20.18 % percent and NPV value at 10%
discount rate works out to be Rs. 135761 million.

9.10.2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Derivation of economic prices for the purpose of economic analysis is discussed in

earlier para. The net economic benefit of the project area is given in Table 9.6. The
Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) produced by the 100 year net cash flow is
20.2% percent and NPV value at 10% discount rate works out to be Rs.128050 million
and is given in Table 9.6.

9.10.3 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

The sensitivity analysis was carried out both for financial and economic cash flows
with various increases in cost as well as with various decreases in benefit. The result
of the same is given in table below.
Sensitivity of Financial Analysis
Accounting
Discounted Pay Back
IRR NPV rate of
B/C Ratio Period
Return
A. No Change in Cost &
20.18% 2.34 135761 7.2 26.6%
Benefit
B. Changes in Cost only
1. Cost increase by 5.0 % 19.42% 2.23 130684 7.4 26.6%
2. Cost increase by 10.0 % 18.73% 2.12 125608 7.6 26.5%
Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-18 WAPCOS Limited
 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

3. Cost increase by 20.0 % 17.48% 1.95 115454 8.0 26.5%

C. Changes in Benefit only
1. Benefit increase by 5.0 % 20.95% 2.45 147626 7.1 27.9%
2. Benefit increase by 10.0 % 21.71% 2.57 159491 6.9 29.2%
3. Benefit increase by 20.0 % 23.20% 2.80 183221 6.6 31.9%
D. Change in cost and benefit both
7. Cost Changes by10.0 % &
17.23% 1.91 101878 8.0 23.9%
Benefit changes by -10.0 %
8. Cost Changes by20.0 % &
14.58% 1.56 67995 9.1 21.2%
Benefit changes by -20.0 %
9. Cost Changes by-10.0 % &
23.52% 2.86 169645 6.6 29.3%
Benefit changes by 10.0 %
10. Cost Changes by-20.0 %
27.37% 3.51 203528 6.0 32.0%
& Benefit changes by 20.0 %
11. Cost Changes by10.0 % &
20.18% 2.34 149337 7.2 29.2%
Benefit changes by 10.0 %

Sensitivity of Economic Analysis

Accounting
Discounted Pay Back
IRR NPV rate of
B/C Ratio Period
Return
A. No Change in Cost & Benefit 20.22% 2.48 128050 7.6 30.0%

B. Changes in Cost only

1. Cost increase by 5.0 % 19.52% 2.37 123735 7.7 30.0%

2. Cost increase by 10.0 % 18.87% 2.26 119420 7.9 30.0%

3. Cost increase by 20.0 % 17.70% 2.07 110789 8.2 30.0%

C. Changes in Benefit only

1. Benefit increase by 5.0 % 20.93% 2.61 138768 7.4 31.5%

2. Benefit increase by 10.0 % 21.64% 2.73 149486 7.3 33.0%

3. Benefit increase by 20.0 % 23.00% 2.98 170922 7.0 36.1%

D. Change in cost and benefit both

7. Cost Changes by10.0 % &
17.46% 2.03 97984 8.3 27.0%
Benefit changes by -10.0 %
8. Cost Changes by20.0 % &
14.96% 1.66 67918 9.1 23.9%
Benefit changes by -20.0 %
9. Cost Changes by-10.0 % &
23.29% 3.04 158117 7.0 33.1%
Benefit changes by 10.0 %
10. Cost Changes by-20.0 % &
26.78% 3.73 188183 6.5 36.1%
Benefit changes by 20.0 %
11. Cost Changes by10.0 % &
20.22% 2.48 140855 7.6 33.0%
Benefit changes by 10.0 %

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-19 WAPCOS Limited

 Pre-Feasibility Report
SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

9.10.4 CONVENTIONAL B-C RATIO

The conventional B-C Ratio as per CWC guidelines was observed to be 1.8 as given
below.

Benefit Cost Ratio

1. Annual Benefit Million Rs.
i Annual benefit under with project situation 29708
ii. Annual benefit under without project situation 4357
ii. Annual revenue due to D&I usage 8200

Net incremental Annual benefit (i-ii) 33552

2. Annual Cost
i Interest on capital @10% of total cost 11932

ii Depreciation @ 8.33 % of cost of E&M 1118

iii Depreciation @ 1 % of cost of canal Structures 1059

iv Annual Energy Requirement cost 4300

Cost of Maintenance Irrigation command and Canal
v 238
system
Annual costs (i to v) 18647

3. Benefit - Cost Ratio 1.80

Chapter-9: Economic Benefits and Justification 9-20 WAPCOS Limited