.

Electrostatic precipitator
User manual
PIACS DC mk. 3
Control Unit
Version 2. for
T/R-set HV-energisation
RAPPING System
HEATING System

Approved date: 21-Nov-2007

Created by: AEN
Approved by: HFR

Doc. No. 50201-05

 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

List of contents:

Page:
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 4
2 CONSTRUCTION............................................................................................ 6
3 OPERATION.................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Operator panel overview................................................................................ 7
3.2 Alarm and operation status keys..................................................................... 8
3.3 Read out of analogue measurements............................................................... 9
3.4 Code and password key............................................................................... 10
3.5 T/R parameters .......................................................................................... 11
3.6 Special function parameters ......................................................................... 12
3.7 RAPPING parameters .................................................................................. 12
3.8 HEATING parameters .................................................................................. 12
3.9 Configuration parameters ............................................................................ 13
4 PARAMETER TABLES .....................................................................................13
4.1 Parameter table explanation......................................................................... 13
4.2 T/R parameters .......................................................................................... 14
4.2.1 I DC upper limit settings for HV energisation....................................... 14
4.2.2 I DC ramp control settings for HV energisation .................................... 14
4.2.3 Corona control settings for HV energisation ........................................ 15
4.2.4 Advanced settings for HV energisation ............................................... 16
4.3 Special parameters ..................................................................................... 17
4.3.1 Settings for Energy Management Control System ................................ 17
4.3.2 Settings for Power Off Rapping ......................................................... 17
4.4 RAPPING group parameters ......................................................................... 18
4.5 HEATING group parameters ......................................................................... 19
4.6 Configuration parameters ............................................................................ 20
4.6.1 PIACS Bus configuration .................................................................. 20
4.6.2 Common system configuration.......................................................... 20
4.6.3 Configuration for T/R....................................................................... 21
4.6.4 Configuration for T/R, Options .......................................................... 22
4.6.5 Configuration for EMCS.................................................................... 22
4.6.6 Configuration for RAPPING ............................................................... 22
4.6.7 Configuration for HEATING ............................................................... 23
4.6.8 Hardware configurable settings ......................................................... 24
5 ALARMS .....................................................................................................25
5.1 T/R alarms ................................................................................................ 25
5.1.1 T/R warning ................................................................................... 26
5.2 RAPPING alarms......................................................................................... 27
5.2.1 RAPPING group alarm...................................................................... 27
5.2.2 RAPPING unit alarms ....................................................................... 27
5.2.3 RAPPING warning ........................................................................... 27
5.3 HEATING alarms......................................................................................... 28
5.3.1 HEATING group alarm ..................................................................... 28
5.3.2 HEATING unit alarms....................................................................... 28
5.3.3 HEATING warnings.......................................................................... 29
5.4 Alarm table explanation............................................................................... 29
5.5 Guidelines for troubleshooting ...................................................................... 30
6 SUPPLEMENTS .............................................................................................31
6.1 Status words explanation............................................................................. 31
6.2 Explanation of terms ................................................................................... 33
6.2.1 Back Corona (BC) ........................................................................... 33

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 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

6.2.2 ILim : Actual upper limit .................................................................. 33

6.2.3 CVC (Current Voltage Characteristic) or V-I curve. ............................... 33
6.2.4 Collecting area................................................................................ 33
6.2.5 Spark rate factor (Progressive factor) ................................................ 34
6.2.6 Setback ......................................................................................... 34
6.2.7 Spark rate...................................................................................... 34
6.2.8 Ramp (I DC Rate of rise) .................................................................. 34
6.2.9 I DC control example ....................................................................... 35
6.2.10 Intermittent energisation (IE) ........................................................... 35
6.3 Implementation drawings ............................................................................ 36
6.3.1 T/R Wiring ..................................................................................... 36
6.3.2 RAPPING Wiring .............................................................................. 37
6.3.3 HEATING Wiring.............................................................................. 38
7 SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................... 39

NOTE : This manual covers functionality of program version 2, revision 00 and later,
but also previous revisions excepted minor details.

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 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

1 INTRODUCTION
PIACS DC mk.3 is a versatile control unit for a complete precipitator bus-section, including
facilities for integrated, intelligent control of :
• HV-energisation of the discharge electrodes by a T/R-set,
• Rapping gears or vibrators for cleaning electrodes or screens,
• Heaters for supporting insulators, insulator shafts and bottom hoppers.
PIACS DC
Electrostatic
High Voltage Precipitator

LIMIT TEMP.
ALARM
RESET T CONFIG
T/R

STATUS RAMP TIME

I T/R

T/R T/R
STATUS

STATUS
U
MISC.
CORONA
T/R

TUNING
T/R
POR

EMCS
E2 E1

T/R tank
M3

M2

Rapping

AC line

Control Cabinet Heating E3

PIACS DC is a microprocessor based unit with dedicated interface to the precipitator bus-
section.
A consistent user interface is provided for easy operation of the various functions included.

Key features and facilities :

1
• Intermittent energisation - Nec
• Automatic optimisation of corona power by :
• Nec optimisation according to patented Back Corona - detection
• I DC mean current level optimisation acc. to Current Voltage Characteristic – CVC

• Advanced control in transition periods caused by varying process conditions

• Frequent activation of optimisation routines
• Adaptive spark rate control
• Relative setback at sparks and progressive spark rate control enables optimal I DC
level at a constant ramp up of I DC

• Fast recovery after spark - without necessity of quenching periods - allows high spark
rate

1
Nec : Number of half cycles in one energisation cycle.

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Electrostatic precipitator
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• RPR & POR : Reduced Power Rapping & Power Off Rapping - Advanced strategies for
cleaning plates with sticky dust
• EMCS : Energy Management Control System for easy and economic implementation of
energy saving. OPTIONAL !
• ARM : Alternative Resistivity Mode for quick setting of relevant control parameters in a
second and well defined process state
• Combination of ARM and transition control
• RCO : Reduced Current Operation in case of high CO level, or at plate rapping
• Monitoring of precipitator voltage : mean U DC, trough U min, and peak U max.
• Monitoring and control of true RMS transformer primary current
• Corona Power monitoring
• FRM : Fast Ramp Mode for fast rate of rise of I DC after varying process conditions have
been normalised.
• PIACS Bus : Serial communication bus for interface via PIACS Gateway (OPTIONAL) to
various PLC or computer systems.
• Assistance for recording of CVC.
• Zero current operation of the main contactor
• Optimised interface for installation and service - Connector board comprising control
relays and plug connectors

• Full control of RAPPING group

• Control of 3 independent gear motors, e.g. for collecting plates, discharge electrodes and
vibrators for gas distribution screens
• Integrated POR strategy
• Synchronisation facilities (Block) for avoiding simultaneous rapping of bus-sections
• Easy commanding of continuous rapping operation

• Full control of HEATING group

• Control of 3 independent heaters, e.g. for supporting insulators, insulator shaft and
hopper
• Direct connection of three Pt100 temperature sensors, using 3-wire compensated
system
• Direct temperature monitoring
• Optionally two thermostat inputs

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 Electrostatic precipitator
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2 CONSTRUCTION
All intelligence for control of T/R, RAPPING and HEATING is contained in the controller
rack, comprising :

y Operator interface
y Keypad, incl. start/stop buttons with light indicator
y Display window (LCD placed on CU19.1)
y CU19.1 Microprocessor board
y CS28.2 Interface board for T/R control
y CS30 Interface board for RAPPING and HEATING control

All connections are made via PCB HX03, that includes relays and terminals for different
types of interfaces. Rack and HX03 are connected via 3 multicore cables (25-, 37- and 50-
pins Sub-D connectors).

Direct connection to the thyristor module is made via the AA30.1 firing angle board, also
connected to HX03

Line voltage

25p

24/24/20V AC
37p

CU19.1 50p
CS28.2
CS30

X5
X6
X8

X15
AA30.1
HX03
X19 X17
X12

Central
M Control
HV-Tank System
Precipitator

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 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

3 OPERATION
3.1 Operator panel overview

2 * 24 Controller
character Identification
failure label
LCD LED

Alarm and Numerical HEATING

Configuration
operation keys parameters
parameters
status keys

RAPPING
parameters

Arrow
Start and Stop Read out keys
buttons of analog Code and Return Special
with LED password key function
measurements parameters
indication key
T/R
Parameters

In general, 3 special key symbols are related to operation of the 3 groups of control :
Transformer/Rectifier set for High Voltage Supply
Hammers for RAPPING systems
Heaters for TEMPERATURE control

Upper line standard is bar graphs for I DC and U DC.

2 * 24 <..........><..........>
charater
LCD Lower line always shows precipitator current and voltage, I DC and U DC.
IDC ####mA UDC ##.#kV

Arrow Arrow keys for scrolling key stacks of alarms, parameters etc.
Only parameters etc. that are valid in form of configuration, operator access level
keys
etc. are shown, when arrow keys are used.
Regarding parameters they can also be used for changing their values.
At proper operator level, press
1. Left-arrow to select value change state. Text is flashing, value stands still.
Repeated activation first clears the value, then return original value and drops
out of value change state.
2. Up-arrow or Down-arrow to increase resp. decrease the value to its limits.
Standard step is ! 1 .
Constant keeping the key down makes steps of approx. 2% of range.
3. Return key to accept the value
Parameter values can also be changed by means of the numerical keys.

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 Electrostatic precipitator
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3.2 Alarm and operation status keys

If no alarms, the operation STATUS is shown when pressing the key for each
Alarm and group. Description is found in Status words explanation on page 31.
operation In case of alarms, the different messages is presented in the key stacks, that
status keys
can be operated by the Up-arrow and Down-arrow keys. The STATUS is
always in the bottom of the stack (press Down-arrow), and the alarms
upwards in a predefined order.
Alarms for the active group in the display, can be checked by pressing the key : ALARM
RESET

LEVEL_0
STATUS any HEATING alarm
P#170 LEVEL_1
H_____ E1___ E2___ E3___

LEVEL_0
STATUS any RAPPING alarm
P#160 LEVEL_1
R_____ T1___ T2___ T3___

LEVEL_0
any T/R alarm
P#253 LEVEL_2
Ty2 sparks #########
STATUS P#252 LEVEL_2
T/R Ty1 sparks #########
P#151 LEVEL_1
<..........><..........>
P#150 LEVEL_1
___ ___ _____ __ Nec__ _

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 Electrostatic precipitator
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3.3 Read out of analogue measurements

Read out The key on top is for the HEATING group, the other 3 for T/R group.
of analog The different measurements are shown as a key stack, operated by the
measurements
Arrow keys. Item with lowest P# code is shown in first place at key
activation.

Only measurements having relevant configuration and user access level are shown.

Temperature measurements by up to three Pt100 sensors.

T P#112 LEVEL_1
Temperature E3 ###°C
P#111 LEVEL_1
Temperature E2 ###°C
P#110 LEVEL_1
Temperature E1 ###°C

T/R current measurements

I P#323 LEVEL_3
Cur.density j=#.###mA/m2
P#422 LEVEL_3
I DC ####mA
P#121 LEVEL_1
I primary ####A rms

P#120 LEVEL_1
j=#.###mA/m2 ILim=####mA

T/R voltage measurements

U P#433 LEVEL_3
U DC max ###.#kV
P#432 LEVEL_3
U DC min ###.#kV
P#431 LEVEL_3
U DC ###.#kV
P#130 LEVEL_1
Umin###.#kV Umax###.#kV

T/R miscellaneous
P#243 LEVEL_2
MISC. Extinction ###.#%
P#342 LEVEL_3
Firing Angle α=#####°
P#141 LEVEL_1
CoronaPower #####.#kW
P#140 LEVEL_1
Spark Rate ####.#/min

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 Electrostatic precipitator
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3.4 Code and password key

Code and This key is used for

password • entering passwords for operator level access,
key • codes for e.g. parameter recall
• activation of special action

Operator access is categorised on 4 levels :

Level Password Description

LEVEL_0 1000 *) Only inspection
LEVEL_1 1110 For operators
LEVEL_2 2220 For plant specialists
LEVEL_3 xxxx For FLS Airtech specialists

*) Default level at start up and after 3 minutes inactivity.

In key stacks, parameters, measured values etc. on one level higher than
the current are shown.

Special actions are for parameter set administration, etc.

Action (display message) Description

CALL OPTIMAL PARAM. SET Recalls the whole set of parameter
Password : 9222 values, previously stored by a
specialist.
SAVE OPTIMAL PARAM. SET Saves a copy of all parameter values
Password : 5xxxx *) to a back-up storage.

PARAMETER_SYSTEM_INIT Initialises all parameters to factory

Password : 1xxxx *) default values.

PIACS-DC.3 ver. 1.11 Displays the controller software

Password : 1010 version number.

CVC active; stepkey: <- Activates facility for CVC recording.

Password : 22222 By pressing Left-arrow key,
appropriate steps of j (current density)
are performed. See chapter 6.2.3.
*)
: xxxx is the LEVEL_3 password.

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Electrostatic precipitator
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3.5 T/R parameters

T/R
The four key stacks in this column cover parameters for adjusting the T/R group for
parameters HV supply.

P# group 10.
LIMIT
Parameters for limiting precipitator current, if no sparks occur at a
T/R lower level.
The present limit may be inactive, if the optimisation strategies (see P#33 and
P#34 Optim.ILim:) are activated.

P# group 20.
RAMP
Parameters for setting the rate of rise of I DC.
T/R
Primarily is the nominal spark rate P#20 / P#21.
Secondly is the factor for progressive increase of spark rate P#22 / P#23, and
current setback after a spark P#24.

P# group 30.
CORONA
T/R Parameter for controlling :
y Degree of intermittence, Nec
y Optimisation strategies for ILim and Nec
Nec expresses the ‘Number of half cycles in one energisation cycle’, and is
controlled manually, or automatically optimised based on Back Corona (BC)
detection.
Optimisation strategies for ILim and Nec can be activated independently of each
other (see P#33 and P#34, Optim.ILim: & Optim.Nec:).

If both are activated, a sequence starts with BC - detections every minute, until
optimum Nec is found, and afterwards ILim is adjusted according to optimum
point of the I DC - U DC curve. Time between optimisation sequences is defined
by P#35.

P# group 40.
TUNING
T/R Parameters for more advanced settings, normally used during
commissioning.
The first parameter P#40 enables manual mode for troubleshooting.

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 Electrostatic precipitator
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3.6 Special function parameters

These key stacks are covering some more special features for optimising the
Special
function operation of the precipitator.
parameters

P# group 50.
EMCS Settings for Energy Management Control System - OPTIONAL
If the function parameter P#50 is 0, the EMCS is inactive.

To activate, input of the extinction signal is required, hardwired via an optional

converter (PCB AA31), or via the serial communication line.
If EMCS is active, the upper limit ILim for I DC might be reduced, between the
set value I DC Limit and the lower limit setting (P#53).

POR P# group 60.

Settings for Reduced Power Rapping & Power Off Rapping
If the function parameter P#60 is 0, no RPR or POR is performed.
When active, the RPR/POR facility will reduce I DC current, or block the T/R's
thyristors during a time set by parameter P#63.
The activation signal used for determination of the blocking period may come
from internal RAPPING group, or from external rapping system via option input
IN3 or via serial communication line.

3.7 RAPPING parameters

P# group 70.
RAPPING This key stack covers parameters for the 3 timers for motor control in the
parameters RAPPING group.
The first timer, normally named as M1, is intended to be used for collecting plate
rapping (and thereby reference for RPR/POR and synchronisation strategies),
TIME while the two others are for discharge electrode or gas distribution screen
rapping systems.

3.8 HEATING parameters

P# group 80.
HEATING
This key stack covers parameters for the 3 temperature controllers in the
parameters
HEATING group.

Heater E1 is intended to be used for supporting insulators, E2 for insulator shaft,

TEMP. and E3 for hopper heating.

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 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

3.9 Configuration parameters

P# group 900. This Key stack covers parameters for setting the configuration of the
system.
Configuration Normally these parameters are set at installation and commissioning of
parameters the system, and are not to be changed later.

The parameters are grouped by their relation to functions in the control

unit; T/R, RAPPING etc.
CONFIG By pressing a key belonging to T/R, RAPPING group, etc. prior to
pressing the CONFIG key, the first configuration parameter of that
group is shown first.
Otherwise, the first common configuration parameter is shown first.

4 PARAMETER TABLES
4.1 Parameter table explanation

NOTE: All names and numbers are fictive in this example.

ID Display Range Init Description
P#99 LEVEL_9 0 500 Setpoint for current Xyz
Xyz Setpoint ####mA - 1)
P#999, P#998 P#997

P#
All parameters have an unique identification number. It is used as reference through out this
manual, or it can be used by the operator for direct access via the panel keys.
LEVEL_9
Level for operator access.
Xyz Setpoint ####mA
Exact concordance with the display. The characters # indicate place reserved for the
parameter value.
P#999, P#998
Indicate other parameters relevant for this parameter setting or function.
Range
Range - minimum to maximum - for the parameter value, normally continuous. Range may be
affected by other parameter settings, like here where max. value is the rated value, defined by
parameter P#997.
Init
Value set by the PARAMETER_SYSTEM_INIT function. If a note indicates a relation to e.g. the
rated value, the parameter value will be changed relatively if the rated value is changed.

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 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

4.2 T/R parameters

LIMIT
4.2.1 I DC upper limit settings for HV energisation T/R
Display Range Init Description
P#10 LEVEL_1 1 500 Upper limit for precipitator current I DC;
2)
I DC Limit ####mA - P#10 normal NRM or P#11 ARM.
P#906, P#914 P#906 If intermittent energisation is active, the
corrected limit for the corresponding Nec
P#11 1 400 is shown shortly - see P#46.
2)
LEVEL_1 -
ARM IDC Lim ####mA P#906 Alternative setting for ARM possible, see
P#906, P#914 P#914
P#12 LEVEL_2
9 90 Voltage limit, when VOL option (P#916) is
2)
U DC Limit ###kV- active. If U DC max exceeds this limit, I
P#908, P#916 P#908 DC is reduced.
P#13 LEVEL_3 0 20 Current upper limit, when RPR/POR option
2)
RPoR IDC Lim####mA - (P#60) is active. Value=0 initiates POR-
P#906, P#915 P#906 strategies: else RPR is performed.

RAMP
4.2.2 I DC ramp control settings for HV energisation T/R
Display Range Init Description
P#20 1 LEVEL_1 30 Nominal spark rate valid when mean
Spark Rate Set ###/min - current I DC is at rated value, or spark
P#914 500 rate factor set to 1. See P#22.
Sets the ramp for I DC as :
P#21 LEVEL_1 1 30 ‘this value’ * ‘Setback at rated
ARM SparkRateSet ###/min - current’
P#914 200
Alternative setting for ARM possible, see
P#914.
P#22 LEVEL_1 1 3 Progressive spark rate factor.
Spark Rate factor # - Actual spark rate might be up to:
P#914 9 'this factor' * 'nominal spark rate' (<500
)
P#23 LEVEL_1 1 3 Determines also the lower limit for
ARM Spark Rate factor # - relative setback of I DC as (see P#24) :
P#914 9 ‘rated current’ / ‘this factor’
Alternative setting for ARM possible.
P#24 LEVEL_2 1 3 Setback of I DC at spark; expressed as
I DC SetBack #% - percentage of present I DC level.
9 Minimum setback (in [mA]) is defined as :
'this factor' * 'rated current' / 'spark rate
factor'
P#25 LEVEL_2 2 10 Time allowed without sparks, before a
t-FastRamp I DC ###s - fast ramp up of I DC is initiated.
300

2
Relative to rated value

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Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

4.2.3 Corona control settings for HV energisation CORONA

T/R
Range Init Description
Display
P#30 LEVEL_1 1/3/5/ 1 Sets the Number of half cycles in one
Nec min ## - energising cycle. (Nec = 1 is DC-
P#32, P#33,P#34, P#914 P#32 operation)
1) Acts as a setpoint when Optim.Nec:
P#31 LEVEL_1 1/3/5/ 3 = 0 (= not active, see P#33 / P#34),
ARM Nec min ## - otherwise it acts as a lower limit value.
P#32, P#33,P#34, P#914 P#32
1) Alternative setting for ARM possible, see
P#914.
P#32 LEVEL_2 1/3/4/ 7 Upper limit for Nec. Standard is odd
Nec max ## 5/6/7/ numbers; but for P#32 = even numbers
.. (4/6/ .. 24) full cycle intermittence
25 becomes active, and valid values for
P#30-31 are 1/4/6.. 24
P#33 LEVEL_2 0;0 0 ; 0 Activation of automatic I DC
Optim.Mode; ILim:#,Nec:# - optimisation.
P#914 2;1 '1 , x' : I Limit optimisation using U DC
min
P#34 LEVEL_2 0;0 0 ; 0 '2 , x' : Do using U DC * U DC max
ARM Optim.; ILim:#,Nec:# - 'x , 1' : Nec optimisation using the back
P#914 2;1 corona (BC) detector.
x = 0 means optimisation strategy
inactive
Alternative setting for ARM possible.
P#35 LEVEL_2 (1) 2 6 Frequency for optimisation sequence, if
Optim. Procedures ##/day - activated by P#33 or P#34.
P#33,P#34 96 Value=1 is not accepted, but it activates
one optimisation immediately.
P#36 LEVEL_2 0 0 Time interval with continuous
t-transition ###min - optimisation, activated by shifting option
P#33,P#34 180 IN1 (X12:16-17)

P#37 LEVEL_3 1 5 Sensitivity of Back Corona detector in

Sens.Factor BC detc. ##% - Nec-optimisation. Low value means high
P#33,P#34 20 sensitivity, and gives higher Nec value

P#38 LEVEL_3 0.25 0.75 Blocking time for BC detector. Blockings

t-Block BC detec. #.##s - are used as replacement of sparks when
P#33,P#34 5.00 these do not occur.

P#39 LEVEL_3 0.10 0.20 Setting of start value for I DCLimit, when
ILim optim ini #.##mA/m2 - ILim optimisation procedure is activated,
P#33,P#34 0.30 see P#33 and P#34 Optim.ILim:

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 Electrostatic precipitator
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TUNING
4.2.4 Advanced settings for HV energisation
T/R
Display Range Init Description
P#40 LEVEL_2 0 0 Manual control of I DC. I DC Limit
Manual IDCset Mode # - (P#10) becomes a setpoint; and spark
2 rate is not controlled. Use value = 2 for
shortcircuit test of T/R.
P#41 LEVEL_2 0 15 Setting for voltage recovery after a spark.
Spark Recovery Curve ##° - High value means higher voltage level.
50

P#42 LEVEL_3 2 8 Setting for undervoltage alarm (A#8_TR),

UDC lower limit ##kV - and Type 2 spark detection ( detection
15 level: 50% of P#42).

P#43 LEVEL_3 15 85 Setting for overvoltage alarm (A#9_TR).

3)
UDC upper limit ###kV -
P#908

P#44 LEVEL_3 10, 40 Quenching time, after detection of Type 2

t-Quench Ty2 spark ###ms - spark.
100

P#45 LEVEL_3 1 12 Gain factor (proportional and integral)

Kp&Ki IDC controller ## - used by closed loop controller (for I DC
16 control).
P#46 LEVEL_3 0.5 1.5 Correction of current settings (limits and
IDC/Nec current corr #.# - rated) at intermittent energisation. Corr.
2.1 factor = 'P#46' / 'Nec'

P#47 LEVEL_3 30 45 Limit for SCR firing angle. IDC controller

α Limit ###° - operates only between this limit and
180 180°.

P#48 LEVEL_3 75 120 Setting for auxiliary firing, when activated

α Auxiliary ###° - by parameter P#913. Used during
P#913 120 operation with Intermittent Energisation

3)
Relative to rated value, P#908

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 Electrostatic precipitator
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4.3 Special parameters

EMCS
4.3.1 Settings for Energy Management Control System
Display Range InitDescription
P#50 LEVEL_1 0 0 Activation of the Energy Management
EMCS function # - Control System. See P#917 for input of
1 extinction signal via PCB AA31 or PIACS
(2) Bus. (Value=2 also input via Bus) .
(OPTION)
P#51 LEVEL_2 0 40.0 Setting of extinction value corresponding
Extinct.Limit Imin ##.#% - to minimum value of I DC (set by P#53).
P#50 90.0

P#52 LEVEL_2 10.0 50.0 Setting of extinction value corresponding

Extinct.Limit Imax ##.#% - to maximum value of I DC, i.e. present
P#50 99.9 limit (P#10, P#11 or P#13).

P#53 LEVEL_3 4 100 When extinction is below setting of P#51,

4
EMCS IDC low limit ###mA - this setting is the limit for I DC.
P#50 600

P#54 LEVEL_3 100 1200 Time constant for filtration of extinction

EMCS Time Constant ####s - signal used by the controller in the range
P#50 2000 determined by P#51 and P#52.

4.3.2 Settings for Power Off Rapping POR

Display Range Init Description

P#60 LEVEL_1 0 0 POR strategi activated by signals from :
RPR/POR function # - 1 : Internal RAP control
4 2 : External IN3 ; 3 : PIACS Bus
4 : Internal RAP, with a double rapping.
See P#13 for choice of RPR or POR.
P#61 LEVEL_2 5 60 Time between two Reduced – or Power
RPR/POR period ####min - Off Rapping's. RPR/POR period is
P#60 3000 computed as a number of RAP-timer1
cycles, i.e. P#70 + P#73.
P#62 LEVEL_3 0 0 Delay time for initiation of 'reduced-power
RPR/POR t-delay ###s - or power_off ON-time' P#63 after actual
P#60 200 count of activation signals is obtained.

P#63 LEVEL_3 10 90 Time during which the HV energisation is

RPR/POR t-ON ###s - reduced or interrupted, after all the
P#60 200 activation conditions have been met.

4
Relative to rated value, P#906

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TIME

4.4 RAPPING group parameters

Display Range Init Description
P#70 LEVEL_1 0 5 Pause time (OFF time) for RAP-timer1 to
t-OFF rap. M1 * * ###min - RAP-timer3.
(P#918) 720 Setting to 0 min activates continuous ON,
i.e. continuous rapping.
P#71 LEVEL_1 0 2 A rapping sequence starts with this OFF
t-OFF rap. M2 * * ###min - time, and completes with the operation
(P#919) 720 time (ON time, P#73 to P#75)

P#72 LEVEL_1 0 5
t-OFF rap. M3 * * ###min -
(P#920) 720

P#73 LEVEL_2 0 90 Operation time (ON time) for RAP-timer1

t-ON rapping M1 * * ###s - to RAP-timer3.
(P#918) 400 Setting to 0 s activates continuous OFF,
i.e. no rapping.
P#74 LEVEL_2 0 90 During this ON time, alarm detection for
t-ON rapping M2 * * ###s - the feed back signal (X15:18, :20 and
(P#919) 400 :22) is active.

P#75 LEVEL_2 0 90
t-ON rapping M3 * * ###s -
(P#920) 400

P#76 LEVEL_3 0 0 Time delay for first OFF period after RAP
RAP t-Delay-ON ###min - group start. To prevent simultaneous
720 rapping in more sections, individual
delays can be entered.
P#77 LEVEL_3 2 2 Time delay for alarm detection based on
RAP Alarm delay ##s - feedback signals. Intermittent signal from
90 eg. speed monitor is possible by setting
this time equal to speed monitor pause
time.

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Electrostatic precipitator
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TEMP.
4.5 HEATING group parameters
Display Range Init Description
P#80 LEVEL_1
10 100 Set temperature for heaters E1 to E3,
Set Temperature E1 ###°C - when controlled by Pt100 sensors.
P#923 500 ON/OFF control with hysteresis is used.
Heater is ON or OFF when measured
P#81 LEVEL_1 10 100 temperature is below respectively above
Set Temperature E2 ###°C - the hysteresis band P#87 around this
P#924 500 setting.

P#82 LEVEL_1 10 100

Set Temperature E3 ###°C -
P#925 500

P#83 LEVEL_2 10 70 Limit giving Low temperature warning

Low Temp.Set E1 ###°C - for E1 to E3 (A#10-, A#12-, A#15_H),
P#923 500 when controlled by Pt100 sensors.
The ON/OFF controllers are not affected
P#84 10 70 by this setting.
LEVEL_2 - Low temperature warning is only detected
Low Temp.Set E2 ###°C 500 when heating group is on.
P#924

P#85 10 70
LEVEL_2 -
Low Temp.Set E3 ###°C 500
P#925

P#86 1 30 Maximum delay time before low

LEVEL_2 - temperature or purge air fault alarm
Low Temp. time ##min 180 (A#12_TR), when configured for purge
P#926,P#923,P#924,P#925 air.

P#87 1 3 Temperature hysteresis band for ON/OFF

LEVEL_3 - control together with setpoints P#80 -
Temp. hysteresis ##°C 10 P#82.
P#923,P#924,P#925

P#88 0 0 For future use.

LEVEL_3 -
Temp. spare ###°C 500
P#926

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4.6 Configuration parameters

CONFIG
4.6.1 PIACS Bus configuration
Display Range Init Description
P#900 LEVEL_2 0;0 0 ; 0 Definition of access, individually for
RemoteMode; Ctrl:#,Set:# - control commands and parameter settings.
3;2 0:Local, 1:Remote (serial bus) or 2:Both.
Ctrl:3 is unconditional remote.
P#901 LEVEL_2 0 31 Defines address on the PIACS Bus.
Serial bus address ## - Address must be unique on one Bus,
31 normally = 0 at C1F1B1.
No response if address = 31
P#902 LEVEL_2 10 30 Time without bus communication, before
t-offline serial bus###s - PIACS DC reverts to a safe state regarding
500 control commands and parameter settings.

4.6.2 Common system configuration CONFIG

Display Range Init Description

P#903 LEVEL_2 0 1 Selects display language. Various selection
Opr. display Language ## - may be implemented in EPROM D17;
99 however always English, setting = 1 ;

P#904 LEVEL_2 50 50 Selects mains line frequency.

Mains frequency ##Hz or Remember also jumper setting on firing
60 angle board AA30.1 .

P#905 LEVEL_2 0 1 Enables automatic switch on of main

Autostart Enable # - contactor for restart after mains line
1 disturbances, according to EN 50082.2.

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4.6.3 Configuration for T/R CONFIG

Display Range Init Description

P#906 LEVEL_2 50 1000 Setting of rated value of T/R output mean
IDC rated ####mA - current.
3000

P#907 LEVEL_2 0.75 1.00 Setting of relation between ‘I DC rated’

IDC Scale Factor #.## - and ‘full scale value’. Full scale
1.25 correspond to the current giving 1V on
the I DC input.
P#908 LEVEL_2 50 90 Setting of rated value for T/R output peak
UDC (peak) rated ###kV - (no load) voltage.
150

P#909 LEVEL_2 0 400 Setting of current value of primary line

U primary ####V - voltage. Intended for future use to
1000 calculate the T/R power consumption.

P#910 LEVEL_2 1 223 Setting of rated T/R primary current (RMS

I primary rated ####A - value).
1000 If I primary exceeds this value, I DC is
reduced.
P#911 LEVEL_2 1 250 Setting of ‘full scale value’ for the primary
I Curr.Trafo rated ####A - RMS current. Full scale correspond to the
1000 current giving 1V on the I primary input.

P#912 LEVEL_2 1 2500 Setting of precipitator collecting area

Collecting Area ####m2 - 1) energised by this T/R. When setting IDC
9999 rated, this value (P#912) will be set to a
value corresponding to 0.4mA/m2 as
default.
P#913 LEVEL_2 0 0 Auxiliary firing at intermittent
Auxiliary α firingmode # - energisation.
2 1 : Auxiliary firing to avoid transformer
saturation;
2 : Onset corona firing to supply
background power between pulses.
1) Relative to P#906 IDC rated

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CONFIG
4.6.4 Configuration for T/R, Options
Display Range Init Description
P#914 LEVEL_2 0 0 Enables selection of ARM-parameters by
ARM function # - means of digital option input IN1 or via
1 PIACS Bus.

P#915 LEVEL_2 0, 2 Activation of special current limit at high

CO function # 2, level of CO in flue gas. Setting
3. = 2: activation via IN2; = 3: via PIACS
Bus.
I DC is limited to 0.01mA/m2, calculated
by P#906 and P#912).
P#916 LEVEL_2 0 0 Enables activation of voltage limit (P#12).
VOL function # - Setting 1: P#12 always active; 2: When
3 IN2 is active, or 3: via PIACS Bus.

CONFIG
4.6.5 Configuration for EMCS
Display Range Init Description
P#917 LEVEL_2 0/ 4 Selecting current value in mA for zero
EMCS input ##-20mA 2/ point (0% ) according to the dust monitor
4/ signal delivered to the PCB AA31.
20 Setting = 20 selects input via PIACS Bus.
(OPTION)

4.6.6 Configuration for RAPPING

CONFIG

Display Range Init Description

P#918 LEVEL_2 0 1 Identification for RAP-timer1 to timer3.
RAP timer1 ID:M#M#M# - RAP-timer1 is normally used for control of
9;9;9 collecting system rapping, and POR
P#919 LEVEL_2 0 2 strategies are related to it.
RAP timer2 ID:M#M#M# -
9;9;9 ID : M0 means 'timer not used'.
P#920 LEVEL_2 0 3
RAP timer3 ID:M#M#M# -
9;9;9
P#921 LEVEL_2 0 0 Enabling input via digital option IN4 to
Contin. Rapping Mode # - command continuous ON operation of
1 RAP timers.
P#922 LEVEL_2 0;0 1 ; 0 Enabling input (via IN3 or PIACS Bus ) to
BlockingMode POR:#,RAP:# - block for a Power Off - or a normal
1;1 Rapping. For synchronising (or avoiding
simultaneous) rapping between sections.

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CONFIG
4.6.7 Configuration for HEATING
Display Range Init Description
P#923 LEVEL_2 0 1 Control mode of heaters E1 - E3:
Heater E1 control mode # - 0: Not used (Out);
5 1: Pt100;
2: Thermostat; for E1 and E2 only.
P#924 LEVEL_2 0 1 3: Pt100 with thermostat for additional
Heater E2 control mode # - low temperature detection; for E1
5 only.
4: Constant OFF;
P#925 LEVEL_2 0 1 5: Constant ON.
Heater E3 control mode # -
5
Note: Turn power supply off-on after
changing to mode 0.
P#926 LEVEL_2 0 0 Enable control of max. time with low
Purge Air control # - temperature or missing purge air, see
2 P#86.
1: Time count on E1/E2 low temp.
2: As 1, and also Purgeair Fail. signal on
X12:44-:45

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4.6.8 Hardware configurable settings

Some settings are performed by jumpers, switches, potentiometers etc. on the PCB’s.

CU19.1
Setting Factory Description
Jumper J1 1-2 Default Normal CPU control
2-3 Free run test
Jumper J5 1-2 Default Normal operation
= Not mounted
2–3 Internal test or future use
Jumper J6 1–2 Default Normal operation
= Not mounted
2-3 Internal test or future use
Switch S1 0 to F 2 : Default Internal test or future use
Pot. R21 LCD intensity (or angle)

CS28.2
I DC U DC 4 - 20mA 0 - 20 mA 0 - 10V
remote indication remote indication Default
J1 J4 A A B
J2 J5 A A B
J3 J6 A B B

Potentiomete Setting Description

r
R75, R138 Factory Adjustment of optional panel meters
R300, R301 Factory Offset adjustment for remote indication
R85 1 to 9 Sensitivity for spark detector.
5: 9 means high sensitivity ; i.e. spark detection
Default on low voltage drop (or small slope) on U DC

AA30.1
Setting Factory Description
Jumper 1-2 60 Hz mains frequency
J1 2-3 Default 50 Hz mains frequency
Jumper 1-2 Default Automatic firing angle control by PIACS
J2 2-3 Manual firing angle control by pot. R30
Pot. R30 FCW - Manual firing angle control;
FCCW Fully ClockWise => latest firing =>
minimum current and voltage.

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5 ALARMS
STATUS
5.1 T/R alarms
T/R
y If any T/R alarm, the 'TR_ReadyToStart' relay K1 is deactivated
T/R INTERLOCKING X12:21 E.g. safety key interlocking, or high level
A#0_TR X12:20 alarm from CO monitor
? Interlock signal from CCS ! Check and correct
HIGH PRESSURE OIL TANK X12:3 Over pressure in the HV oil tank, signalled
A#1_TR X12:2 by a pressostat.
? Generation of gas ! Sparks or bad connections inside the tank
! Release air once
? Oil volume accuracy. ! Correct volume at proper temperature
? Adjustment or connection of ! Check adjustment and wiring
pressostat
HIGH TEMPERATURE OILTANK X12:4 Over temperature in the HV oil tank,
A#2_TR X12:2 signalled by a thermostat.
? High ambient temperature ! Protect against sunlight
? Poor cooling ! Clean cooling-fins
? Adjustment or connection of ! Check adjustment and wiring
thermostat
LOW OIL LEVEL X12:5 Low oil level in the HV oil tank, signalled by
A#3_TR X12:2 a level indicator.
? Oil or air leakage ! Repair leakage and refill
? Adjustment or connection of level ! Check placement and wiring
indicator
? Generation of gas ! See High Pressure alarm
T/R SET GROUNDED X12:6 Outlet from the HV tank connected to
A#4_TR X12:2 ground by a switch
? Maintenance work at precipitator ! Follow safety regulations
? Alignment or connection of indication ! Check alignment and wiring
micro-switch
MAINS OVERLOAD T/R X15:4 Over current in mains supply for T/R, or
A#6_TR X15:3 mains supply interrupted.
? Fuse / circuit breaker tripped ! Check primary current, by amp. meter (true
RMS) and readout P#121
! Check adj. of current settings, for circuit
breaker and parameters P#910 & P#911
! Check cables
? LED on AA30.1 alight ! Check connections and voltage
! Replace AA30.1
? Overcurrent ? Perform no-load and/or short circuit test
? Saturation of T/R ! Limit current, I DC Limit
! If Nec > 1, use aux. firing P#913

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T/R OPTIONAL ALARM X15:14 Optional alarm tripping T/R.

A#5_TR X15:13 E.g. control cabinet high temperature *).
? Alarm condition fulfilled ! Avoid condition
? *) Cooling fan operating ! *) Repair, or clean filter
! *) Check sensor
? *) High ambient temperature ! *) Decrease room temperature
UNDERVOLTAGE 30s CPU U DC below limit P#42 in 30 sec.
A#8_TR P#42
? Precipitator short circuit. ! Check internals and insulators
? Voltage divider signal ! Check resistance and connections X12:10
and :8, and at HV-tank
! Perform no-load and/or short circuit test
? Operation at low voltages ! Check limit P#42
OVERVOLTAGE 1s CPU U DC above limit P#43 in 1 sec.
A#9_TR P#43
? Abnormal precipitator dust load ! Check rapping, etc.
? Voltage divider signal ! Check resistance and connections X12:10
and :8, and at HV-tank
! Perform no-load and/or short circuit test
? Operation at high voltages ! Check limit P#43
µP CHECK ERROR CPU Fault in microprocessor system, typically in
A#10_TR RAM or EPROM’s
? Repeated after power down ! Check D13, D14 & D17 on CU19.1
! Replace CU19.1
? At commissioning or repair ! Perform PARAMETER SYSTEM INIT
MAINS SYNC.FAILURE CPU Synchronisation signal missing
A#11_TR permanently Input at X15:5-:6)
? Mains line connection via AA30.1 ! Check connection X1:1-:2 or X1-:8-:9 on
AA30.1
? PCB’s AA30.1 or CS28.2 defective ! Replace or change PCB’s
LOW TEMP.E1/E2: T/R-LOCK CPU Time exceeded, for support / shaft
A#12_TR P#86 insulator low temp. or Purgeair Fail , see
P#86
> Enter new value for P#86, or stop-start
heating; bring T/R back to operation
? Heating system operation correct ! Check E1 and E2 low temperature
? Purge air system operation correct ! Check purge air feedback on X12:44-:45.

5.1.1 T/R warning

T/R Ctrl. Cmd. Failure CPU Illegal start or stop command, in conflict
A#7_TR with local / remote setting
? Message after activation of STATUS ! Check agreement with setting in remote
control system

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5.2 RAPPING alarms

STATUS
5.2.1 RAPPING group alarm

RAP GROUP INTERLOCK X12:31 E.g. safety key interlocking,

A#0_R X12:30
? Interlock signal from CCS ! Check and correct
? CS30 present ! Check supply on X15:16-:17
? CS30 control voltage output ! Check X15:24-TP6 (24V DC)
5.2.2 RAPPING unit alarms
y
If all units have alarms, the group is in alarm ('ReadyToStart' relay K4 is
deactivated)
y If one or more group or unit alarms, or warnings, 'No-Warning' relay K3 is
deactivated
FEED-BACK FAILURE M1 X15:18 Main contactor or speed monitor not
A#1_R X15:24 responding
FEED-BACK FAILURE M2 X15:20 Identification for M1 / M2 / M3 is configured by
A#3_R X15:24 P#918 - 920.
FEED-BACK FAILURE M3 X15:22
A#5_R X15:24
? Main contactors K22 - K24 energised ! Check activation of K6 - K8 on HX03
! Check cables and connections
? Speed monitor installed ! Check chain and shaft operation
MAINS FAILURE M1 X15:19 Over current in mains supply for rapping
A#2_R X15:24 motors, or mains supply interrupted.
MAINS FAILURE M2 X15:21 Identification for M1 / M2 / M3 is configured by
A#4_R X15:24 P#918 - 920.
MAINS FAILURE M3 X15:23
A#6_R X15:24
? Fuse / circuit breaker tripped ! Check current.
! Check adj. of current setting for circuit
breaker
? Overcurrent ! Check cables
! Disconnect from shaft and check current
SAFETYSWITCH OPEN M1 X12:23 Safety interlocking at rapping motor
A#9_R X12:22 activated
SAFETYSWITCH OPEN M2 X12:25 Identification for M1 / M2 / M3 is configured by
A#11_R X12:24 P#918 - 920.
SAFETYSWITCH OPEN M3 X12:27 ¾ Check also signals for ‘MAINS FAILURE Mx’,
A#13_R X12:26 i.e. A#2_R, A#4_R, A#6_R.
? Repair work ! Check locally

5.2.3 RAPPING warning

RAP Ctrl. Cmd. Failure CPU Illegal start or stop command, in conflict
A#7_R with local / remote setting
? Message after activation of STATUS ! Check agreement with setting in remote
control system

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5.3 HEATING alarms STATUS

5.3.1 HEATING group alarm

HEAT GROUP INTERLOCK X12:41 E.g. safety key interlocking,

A#0_H X12:40
? Interlock signal from CCS ! Check and correct
? CS30 present ! Check supply on X15:16-:17
? CS30 control voltage output ! Check X15:32-TP6 (24V DC)
5.3.2 HEATING unit alarms
y
If all units have alarms, the group is in alarm ('ReadyToStart' relay K10 is
deactivated)
y If one or more group or unit alarms, or warnings, 'No-Warning' relay K9 is
deactivated
FEED-BACK FAILURE E1 X15:26 Main contactor or current monitor not
A#1_H X15:32 responding
FEED-BACK FAILURE E2 X15:28
A#3_H X15:32
FEED-BACK FAILURE E3 X15:30
A#5_H X15:32
? Main contactors K32 - 34 energised ! Check activation of K12 - K14 on HX03
! Check connections
? Current monitor installed ! Check current and monitor
MAINS (LOCK) FAILURE E1 X15:27 Over current in mains supply for
A#2_H X15:32 X12:33 heater, or mains supply
X12:32 interrupted.
MAINS (LOCK) FAILURE E2 X15:29
A#4_H X15:32 X12:35 Optional safety interlocking.
X12:34
MAINS (LOCK) FAILURE E3 X15:31
A#6_H X15:32 X12:37
X12:36
? Fuse / circuit breaker tripped ! Check current.
! Check adj. of current setting for circuit
breaker
? Overcurrent ! Disconnect cables and check current
! Check heater
? Repair work ! Check local safety switch
E1 Pt100 Sens. FAILURE X12:46 Pt100 sensor short - or open circuited
A#9_H - :49
E2 Pt100 Sens. FAILURE X12:50
A#11_H - 53
E3 Pt100 Sens. FAILURE X12:54
A#13_H - :57
? Sensor or wires damaged ! Replace sensor; check wires
? Failure when sensor replaced by a ! Replace CS30
test-resistor, e.g. 150 (aprx. 125- ! Note: ‘+’ and ‘+C’ must be connected when
130°C) test-resistor is used

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5.3.3 HEATING warnings

HEAT Ctrl. Cmd. Failure CPU Illegal start or stop command, in conflict
A#7_H with local / remote setting
? Message after activation of STATUS ! Check agreement with setting in remote
control system
E1 LOW TEMPERATURE WARN. CPU Measured temperature less than limit
A#10_H P#83 (P#83 – P#85)
E2 LOW TEMPERATURE WARN. CPU or
A#12_H P#84 Low temperature thermostat for E1 on
E3 LOW TEMPERATURE WARN. CPU X12:42-:43
A#15_H P#85
? Start up situation ! Wait (up to 24 hours); check temperature
? Heater not functioning ! Check current, connections and cables
? Insulator box open or defective ! Close box; check insulation

5.4 Alarm table explanation.

Alarm text from display Terminal Description of the alarm

Alarm_ID_number -Source
? Possible reason for the alarm ! Possible action
points to consider to repair
points to examine to investigate the problem further

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 Electrostatic precipitator
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5.5 Guidelines for troubleshooting

It is important to determine if the fault exists inside or outside the different components in the
whole system. Components to identify might be:
y Electrostatic precipitator
y HV supply, Rapping and Heating devices
y Control cabinet, Control unit
y Cabling and connections to surroundings

Details for some of the components varies, see documentation for construction and operation
of precipitator, HV supply etc., and specially the electrical drawings.

The components in the control cabinet can mainly be divided as follows :

(see also chapter 2. CONSTRUCTION on page 6)
y Controller rack
y Terminal board HX03 and multicore cables
y Aux. control relays and control voltage supply transformers
y Firing angle board AA30.1
y Thyristors (SCR’s)

In case of faults, the troubleshooting procedure should be based on localising the problem to
one of the components, e.g. a PC board.

Then, the component, e.g. PC board, is replaced with a spare one, or shifted with similar one
from another section.

Prior, standard trouble shooting procedures must be followed. Check :

y All plug connections
y AC supply voltages

Now the specific details for the PIACS control unit can be examined :
y Follow check points from alarm tables
y Check configuration parameter settings
y Check HW config, jumpers etc.
y Check operation parameter settings

Internal supply voltages for PIACS control unit can be checked on HX03
T/R interface Communication interface Remote Indication; Idc,Udc Rapping/Heating
+12V_T 0V_T -12V_T +6V_C 0V_C -6V_C +16V_R 0V_R -4V_R +24V_X 0V_X
X12:1 X12:8 TP1 TP2 X17:s TP3 TP4 X12:14 TP5 X15:24 TP6
y The supplies are galvanic isolated; 0V_T is grounded at HV-tank, and 0V_X at HX03.
y The supplies are protected by automatic resettable multifuses. At overload, these fuses
might reset immediately, or it might be necessary to switch off the AC supply for some 5 to
10 sec.

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Electrostatic precipitator
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6 SUPPLEMENTS
6.1 Status words explanation
The STATUS words for the three control groups show more detailed information of the
operation for the more experienced user.
If any alarms for a group, these messages are shown as default.
Some other messages may be shown briefly :

Display message Description

REMOTE Control / Setting Local Control (group start/stop) and/or Setting (of
parameters) is not allowed - see P#900
AUTOMATIC START Main contactor for one or more groups are restarted, see
P#905
WARNING: Manual TestMode Manual operation of T/R is selected - see P#40
µP ERROR WARNING The alarm µP CHECK ERROR
has been checked, and operation continued anyhow.

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For HEATING and RAPPING the same syntax is used: a H respectively a R is preceding the
group status, and E resp. T preceding the unit - heater or timer for rapping motor.

Group Units
H_---_ E1--- E2--- E3--- STATUS STATUS
R_---_ T1--- T2--- T3---

err Alarm state; Use Up-arrow to see message

rdy Ready state, waiting for _System_On signal
run Operating
err Alarm state; If all units = alarm, group state = alarm
off Temperature above setting / Timer in pause
on Temp. below set. / Timer operation; Cmd. relay active
cof Continuous off; by P#923.. / P#70.. or extern. command
con Continuous on; by P#923.. / P#70.. or extern. command
out Heater / Timer - not used
syd Timer delayed in off state for synchronisation

I DC
Optim. Opt.
Setpoin
state
Timing
Com.
Nec Spark STATUS
t T/R
--- --- ----- -- Nec- --
___ Normal ramp up
frm Fast Ramp Mode
NRM I DC = standard limit P#10, Normal Resistivity Mode
ARM Alternative limit, P#11, Alternative Resistivity Mode
IPr Limited by primary current, P#121 and P#910
ILI Limit found by optimisation strategies, P#33-35
RCO Reduced Current Operation limit active, P#13
VOL VOLtage limit active, P#12
EMS Energy Management Control active, P#50 - P#52
POR Power Off Rapping, P#60-P#63, thyristors are
blocked
αLi Firing angle limited, P#47
BC Back Corona detection, for Nec optimisation; P#33-
35
Ili ILim optimisation, P#33-35
bc Activation of new BC detection within 1 min, P#33-35
opm_m Minutes until next optimisation cycle
por_c Number of Rapping Cycles until next POR
POR_c Total # RC, calculated from period in minutes, P#61
LTe_m Minutes until Low Temperature alarm , A#12_TR
+1 When option_IN1 is active, 1 is added to digit value
+2 Option_IN2 active, +2 Value is shown
+4 Option_IN3 active, +4 hexadecimal; i.e. A - F
+8 Option_IN4 active, +8 corresponds to 10 - 15
• Serial line communication active (PIACS Bus)
PF Purge air Failed, missing signal on X12:44-
:45(P#926)
7 Current Nec is shown, see P#30 - P#34
R Spark occurred during recovery after previous spark
1 1: Type_1 spark; 2: Type_2 spark; P#41,43,44 &
R85

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32/39 and may not be duplicated, disclosed or utilized without written consent from FLSmidth.
Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

6.2 Explanation of terms

6.2.1 Back Corona (BC)

Unwanted phenomenon occurring in precipitator when collecting high resistivity dust.
Back corona results in lower voltage levels and blowing of collected particles back to
the gas stream. This causes a reduced precipitator performance compared with a
condition without back corona.

6.2.2 ILim : Actual upper limit

As different set points and functions may determine the upper limit for I DC, the
expression ILim is used for the actual limit at any time.
ILim is derived from set values of upper limit parameters (e.g. P#10, P#11, P#13),
optimisation procedures, etc.

6.2.3 CVC (Current Voltage Characteristic) or V-I curve.

Plot of static operating points for I DC vs. U DC.
Optionally curves for I DC vs. U DC min, and I DC vs. U DC max are included.
Hints for CVC recording procedure :
- The current limit ILim is controlled to 12 points at a logarithmic scale for current
density j [mA/m2] . (Correct setting of Collecting Area P#912 is important).
- When the procedure is activated, it begins with the lowest point, i.e. very low I DC.
- The operator must record related values for each point of :
I DC, U DC, j, U DC min and U DC max.
- By pressing Left-arrow key, ILim is stepped up point by point, until rated current
is reached.
- The operator must for each point verify, that I DC ramps up to ILim.
- Spark overs etc. might be reason for I DC not to reach ILim. Then finish procedure
by repeated activation of Left-arrow key.
- The procedure is ended at when I DC = I DC rated, or operator performs any other
action than viewing parameters, measurements or status's.
- If the CVC procedure is active, a message is displayed when pressing STATUS T/R
key.
Short form guide :
y Start session by : Password 2 2 2 2 2 Enter
y Repeat recording desired data (write down manually) for each step by activating
keys:
y [I] : verify I DC = ILim.
record I DC, U DC and j
y [U] : record U DC min and U DC max
y [b] : go to next set of points

6.2.4 Collecting area

Total plate area, calculated as : A = 2s L & W & H,

where s : duct spacing; L : length; W : width, and H : height of the bus section.
These dimensions can be read from the FLS Airtech precipitator code ;
. . s / . . . / n * L - W H / . . . ; where s is in [mm], and L, W & H is in [dm].
Example:
Code : . .300/. . . / n * 40 - 150120/. . . gives A = 0.32 4 & 15 & 12 = 4800 m2

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and may not be duplicated, disclosed or utilized without written consent from FLSmidth. 33/39
 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

6.2.5 Spark rate factor (Progressive factor)

The higher factor, the more aggressive the control of I DC becomes at unstable process
conditions, and thereby the regulations adapts better to process condition changes.
On the other hand, 'spark rate factor' = 1 gives the well known fixed 'setback' and 'spark
rate', independent of actual I DC level.

6.2.6 Setback
Setback of I DC after a spark is performed relatively, as a percentage of present I DC
value. (Consequently, the spark rate becomes progressive, as the ramp - see below - is
constant.)
However, the relative setback stops when I DC reaches the value :
'rated current' / 'spark rate factor' ( P#906 / P#22 )
(This gives in turn an upper limit for the progressive spark rate).

6.2.7 Spark rate

If sparks occur at a current below any limit, then :
'spark rate' = 'spark rate set' IF 'spark rate factor' = 1.
If the 'spark rate factor' is greater than 1, 'spark rate' varies by the 'actual current' in a
hyperbolic relation:
'spark rate' = 'spark rate set' * 'rated current' / 'actual current' , ( P#20 * P#906 / I DC )

However, the maximum 'spark rate' is :

'spark rate set' * 'spark rate factor' , (defined at IDC = 'rated current' / 'spark rate factor')
but it will be limited to maximum 500/min. automatically.

6.2.8 Ramp (I DC Rate of rise)

If no sparks or other current limitation, set point for I DC is raised by :
'spark rate set' * 'rated current' * 'setback' , ( P#20 * P#906 * P#24 )

The information transmitted by this document is the proprietary and confidential property of FLSmidth
34/39 and may not be duplicated, disclosed or utilized without written consent from FLSmidth.
Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

6.2.9 I DC control example

For the following parameter settings :
'rated current' 'spark rate set' 'spark rate factor' 'setback'
1000mA 30/min 3 3%
the ramp becomes 900mA/min, and the following relations exist :
Spark Set-
Rate back
[ / min ] [mA]

90 30 Setback

60 20

30 10 Spark Rate

0 0 I DC
0 200
0 333 400 600 800 1000 [mA]

6.2.10 Intermittent energisation (IE)

Firing of phase control thyristors (SCR’s) in one or two half-cycles of the line
frequency, and the suppressing a certain number of half-cycles of the current
delivered by the AC-supply line. Degree of intermittence is expressed by Nec,
meaning the Number of half cycles in one energisation cycle.
a) ‘Normal’ IE-operation:
N (Nec) = 1, 3, 5, 7 ... 25
One current pulse in N half-cycles ; N is odd.
b) ‘Full cycle’ IE-operation:
N (Nec) = 1, 4, 6, 8 ... 24
Two current pulses in N half-cycles ; N is even.

NOTE : At intermittent energisation, current settings, for I DC and I primary, are

corrected by a factor determined by : P#46 / Nec.
The corrected value is shown shortly when one of these parameters are displayed.
E.g. P#10 (I DC Limit) = 800mA, P#46 = 1.5, Nec = 3 ;
The corrected I DC Limit becomes : 800 * 1.5/3 = 400mA.
At full cycle IE, e.g. Nec = 4, corrected value becomes : 800 * 2 * 1.5/4 =
600mA.
The rated primary current is corrected by a factor determined by : P#46 / Nec .

The information transmitted by this document is the proprietary and confidential property of FLSmidth
and may not be duplicated, disclosed or utilized without written consent from FLSmidth. 35/39
 X17
L1 L2 TP2
20V AC +6V_C
Rx

6.3
PIACS Bus
0V_C

36/39
QTR_2 (PIACS Gateway)
TP3 Tx
24V AC - 6V_C
X19
6.3.1
24V AC
AO mA
+
QTR_1 TP4 I DC
+16V_R
0V_R
Phase L1 Phase l1 TP5
Sync. Sync. AO kV
+
Phase L2 - 4V_R
Phase l2 0V_R U DC

Remote indication
T/R Wiring

Power 24V AC HX03

V2 V1 Cathode 1
Failure
Gate 1 QTR_2 AI
EMCS
+12V_T
Gate 2
Cathode 2 MAINS OVERLOAD
DI
+12V_T
+ + DI
Implementation drawings

Mains sync. -12V_T Option_IN2

DI
+ +
FO Option_IN1
DI
f-Signal firing 0V_T
AA30.1
+ +12V_T
AI TR_OPTIONAL ALARM
I Primary
- DI QTR_1
TP1
- 12V_T TR_System_On
+12V_T DI
T/R Tank

+12V_T DI +12V_T
HIGH PRESSURE TR_INTERLOCK ALARM
DI

HIGH TEMPERATURE Control Voltage

DI
TR_ReadyToStart_1
LOW OIL LEVEL
DI

GROUND SWITCH
DI TR_ReadyToStart_2

and may not be duplicated, disclosed or utilized without written consent from FLSmidth.
DO
U DC
AI
QTR_1

The information transmitted by this document is the proprietary and confidential property of FLSmidth
I DC TR_Start
AI
0V_T
DO
Shield QTR_1
50201-05
Electrostatic precipitator
Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

6.3.2 RAPPING Wiring

QM1_1
M1_Active
DI
QM1_2
QM1_3
M1_SAFETY_LOCK
QM1_2 DI
M1_MAINS_FAILURE

QM2_1
M2_Active
DI QM2_3
QM2_2 M2_SAFETY_LOCK
DI

QM2_2
M2_MAINS_FAILURE
QM3_3
QM3_1 M3_SAFETY_LOCK
M3_Active
DI DI
QM3_2
+24V_X

QM3_2 Option_IN3
M3_MAINS_FAILURE DI

+24V_X
+24V_X TP6
0V_X

KM RAPPING_INTERLOCK
RAPPING_System_On DI
DI
X18

RAP_No-Warning DO

Control Voltage

RAP_ReadyToStart_1
Line Voltage

QM1_2 QM2_2 QM3_2

RAP_ReadyToStart_2 DO

KM RAP_Start DO

QM1_1 QM2_1 QM3_1

DO
RAP_M1_on

DO QM1_3 QM2_3 QM3_3

RAP_M2_on

RAP_M3_on DO

KM QM1_1 QM2_1 QM3_1

0V

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and may not be duplicated, disclosed or utilized without written consent from FLSmidth. 37/39
 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

6.3.3 HEATING Wiring

QE1_1
E1_Active X15:26 X12:32
DI
QE1_2 X12:33 E1_SAFETY_LOCK
E1 MAINS FAILURE X15:27 DI QE1_3
X12:34
QE2_1
E2_Active X15:28 X12:35 E2_SAFETY_LOCK
DI DI
QE2_2 QE2_3
X12:36
E2_MAINS_FAILURE X15:29
X12:37 E3_SAFETY_LOCK
QE3_1 DI QE3_3
E3_Active X15:30
DI
AI
QE3_2 X12:46
E3 MAINS FAILURE X15:31 Pt1_+
X12:47 Pt1_+Comp.
+24V_X X15:32
TP6
X12:48 Pt1_-
KE 0V_X
HEATING System On X15:33
X12:49
DI
+24V_X X12:38 E1 Pt100
AI
X12:50 Pt2_+
Option_IN4 X12:39
DI X12:51 Pt2_+Comp.
+24V_X X12:40 X12:52 Pt2_-
HEATING INTERLOCK X12:53
X12:41
DI
E2 Pt100
AI
X18 X12:54 Pt3_+
X12:55 Pt3_+Comp.
X15:52
X12:56 Pt3_-
HEAT_No-Warning K9 X12:57
X15:53

Control Voltage X15:54 DO E3 Pt100

X12:42 +24V_X
HEAT_ReadyToStart_1 X15:55 X12:43 Thermostat_E1

X12:44 +24V_X
X15:58
X12:45 Thermostat_E2
HEAT_ReadyToStart_2 K10
X15:59

X15:56 DO
Line Voltage
KE
HEAT_Start K11 QE1_2 QE2_2 QE3_2
X15:57

DO
X15:60

HEAT_E1_On X15:61 K12 DO

QE1_1 QE2_1 QE3_1
HEAT_E2_On X15:62 K13 DO

HEAT_E3_On X15:63 K14 DO

QE1_3 QE2_3 QE3_3

KE QE1_1 QE2_1 QE3_1

0V

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38/39 and may not be duplicated, disclosed or utilized without written consent from FLSmidth.
 Electrostatic precipitator
50201-05

7 SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensions (All : height x width x depth ; Dim. in [mm] )
Rack: 245 x 440 x 93 - Panel cut-out : 217 x 407
HX03: 110 x 400 x 150 - DIN rail (symmetric or asymm.) mounted.
AA30.1: 165 x 198 x 40 - Wall mounted (spacers required, min 10 mm)
- 4 pcs. — 4.5 mm holes
Environment
Ambient temperature: -25°C to 70°C (storage); 0° to 45°C (operation)
Relative humidity: IEC 654-1, group B2
Tightness: IP54 (when panel-mounted in IP54 enclosure)
EMC certified: Dir. 8-9/336/EEC , art. 10.2
(CISPR 11, class A; EN 61000-6-2, EN 61000-6-4)
Machine standard: EN 60 204-1 / IEC 204-1

Supply
CS28.2 and CU19.1 : 24 VAC !10%, 1.5A X15:1 - :2
CS30 : 20 VAC !10%, 2A X15:16 - :17
AA30.1 : 24 VAC !10%, 0.5A X2:1 - :2
• Synchronisation
- Line voltage: 380-700 VAC X1:1 - :4
or
- Low voltage: 24 VAC!10% X1:8 - :9

Signals
I DC : +1V @ Rated mean current (P#906 / P#907) X12:9 - :8
Ri : 10 K
U DC : -10V @ Rated peak voltage (P#908) X12:10 - :8
Ri: 1.5 M , resistive
External divider: Resistive, or resistive / capacitive
Step response: Rise time < 600 μs
I primary : 1VRMS @ Current transformer rated (P#911) X15:11 - :12
Ri : 300 K
Remote indication of I DC & U DC X12:11 - :12 &
Range : 0/4 - 20 mA : RLOAD : max 500 Ω X12:13 - :14
Range : 0 - 10 V : RLOAD : min 500 Ω
Gate signal : No-load : 15 V ; Short-circuit : 1 A (peak val.) X3:1-:2 & -:8-:7
Digital inputs: T/R : 24 VDC (±12V), Ri : i 4 KΩ see 5

RAP/HEAT: 24 VDC, Ri : i 3 KΩ see 6

Relay outputs: 2 A, 250VAC1 / 48 VDC X15:34 to :63

Pt100 inputs: 3-wire compensated, 50 - 300°C±2% X12:46 to :57
Serial line: RS485/423; ±5V; Rx : Ri i 15KΩ X17
Tx : Ro i 75Ω (active) X19

---oOo---

5
X12:3, :4, :5, :6, :16, :17, :21 ; X15:4, :14, :15
6
X12:23, :25, :27, :29, :31, :33, :35, :37, :39, :41, :43, :45; X15:18, :20, :22, :25, :26, :28, :30, :33

The information transmitted by this document is the proprietary and confidential property of FLSmidth
and may not be duplicated, disclosed or utilized without written consent from FLSmidth. 39/39