BQ GIAO DUC VADAO TAO KY THI CHON HQC SINH GIOI QUOC GIA THPT DE THI CHINH THUC NAM 2019 Mon thi: TIENG ANH cone enter Thoi gian thi: 180 phut (khéng ké thoi gian giao 48) 80 PHACH Ngay thi: 13/01/2019 Bé thi c6 12 trang Thi sinn kong auge sir dung ta lu, KB 8 tr cin BAN CHINH + Gidm thi khong gid thich gi them. |. LISTENING (50 points) HUONG DAN PHAN THI NGHE HIEU ‘= Bai nghe gdm 4 phan; méi phan dupe nghe 2 lan, méi lén c&ch nhau 10 giéy; mé ddu va két thac méi phan Inghe cé tin hiéu. + Mé au va két thc bai nghe c6 nhac higu. Thi sinh 66 02 phat dé hoan chinh bai trrée nhac hiéu két thac ‘bai nghe, + Moi huéng d&n cho thi sinh da 6 trong bai nghe. Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to part of a conversation between a man and a receptionist at a clinic about registering as a patient and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording for each answer. 1. Whatis the man's full name? 2. What is the postcode of the man’s present address? 3. Whatis the man’s current job? 4, What does the man wear as a result of his partial disability? 5. _ How long was the man kept in hospital for observation last year? Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to a news report on climate change and match each number (6-10) in ‘A with one corresponding letter (A-H) in B. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. es ‘A is capable of generating a surplus amount of alternative energy. 6. Germany B. is planning to eliminate large amounts of carbon by reducing individual daily mileage. 7. Denmark C. is constructing the globally biggest plant that harnesses wind power. eee D. is using a special material obtaining power from a human physical activity, E. is having a structure capable of reducing environmental detriment caused by ae cay, automobiles daily. 10. Paris F. is hoping to boost its power productivity by 80% in the next 30 years. G. is harnessing roughly a quarter ofits power from green sources. H. is constructing streets that are capable of absor Your answers: f i & 8. 10. Page 1 of 12 pagesPart 3. For questions 11-16, listen to part of an interview with two psychologists, Joseph Bloome and Amanda Owen, and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 11. When discussing wealth and happiness, Joseph is of the opinion that ‘A, material possession has little to do with the level of happiness. B. inno way can being wealthy make an individual feel happy C. being materially disadvantaged prevents people's effort to gain wealth D. those who think wealth and happiness are the same are unable to be successful 12, What does Amanda say about the effect of material acquisition on people? ‘A. Itprovides them with a feeling of elation following a letdown. B. tis entirely dictated by circumstantial changes rather than their state of mind. G. itis dependent on their general mood and partly on a change in circumstances. D. Ittends to be more powerful with purchases of greater material values. 13. As agreed by Joseph and Amanda, success is most likely defined as ‘A. the attainment of excessive wealth BB. the achievement of fame and social status . being financially and socially rich D. the fulfillment of a goal 14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Joseph about control and success? ‘A. People tend to feel better if they have control over their working conditions. B. Those who want the most control in their life suffer from excessive stress. C. Some people worry excessively about their lack of control in life. D. Those who live life as itis enjoy freedom to a certain extent. 1. What does Amanda say about how she would define success in her own life? ‘A. maintaining an outward appearance of happiness B. feeling better about her personal circumstances . having greater peace of mind D. recognizing she is no less accomplished than her peers Your answers: Ti 72, 73. 14 15. —_] Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to part of a news report on the 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine and complete the following sentences. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording in each blank. + The 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine has been awarded to Jim Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their research, which laid the foundations for a (16) cancer treatment. + Fora long time, there were four dominant techniques used in cancer treatment, namely surgery, radiation, (17) and hormone treatments. ‘+ Thanks to the work of Mr. Allison, scientists have now overcome the (18) of recruiting the body's own immune system to fight cancer, which has added a fifth category to cancer treatment. + Mr, Allison is now (19) at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. + Mr, Allison described his feelings as “stunned’, adding that he was still (20) * ir, * Mr. Allison got the news from his son instead of the (21) who did not know his (22) + Mr, Allison’s work attempted to (23) the immune system to attack cancer celis by turning off the system's brakes, + T-cells, ikened to the immune system’s soldiers, take care of such problems as virus infection or bacteria through a (24) + T-cells have enough time to destroy (25) thanks to the idea of temporarily blocking the CTLA 4 molecule suggested by Mr. Alison. Page 2 of 12 pagesll, LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 points) Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 26. The hotel's description in the brochure was in the extreme and we were left utterly disappointed on arrival A fallacious B. pretentious C. perplexing D. baffling 27. Susan's kids __ their great displeasure whenever | came round to see her, which made me feel ill at ease. ‘A forever showed B. were forever showing C. had forever been showing D. had forever shown 28. She said that her intentions were different and Harris had her comments. A. misdirected B. misled ‘misconstrued D. misjudged 29. He kept telling us about his operation in the most detail ‘A. diagrammatic B. programmatic . graphic D. photographic 30. The project has progressed in and starts due to a constant change in funding A wits B. bits ©. cuts, D. pieces 31. | had always thought that Sven was an American, but only yesterday did | find out that his mother was from Moscow, so he's. Russian, A part B. slightly C. bit D. quite 32, Regarding the new plan which has been discussed several times on TV, we would prefer not to the point. A labour B. work C. manage D. produce’ 33. didn't want to make a decision . 80 | said I'd like to think about it A here and there B. tivere and then C. now and then D. here and now 34, Jim Carrey's latest flm is a ‘comedy in which he once again plays the loveable clown. A ridicule B. charade C. slapstick D. prank 36. Many advertisers use catchy in their TV or radio commercials in order to get their products or services noticed. A. chorus B. lyrics C. jingles D. rhymes: 36. Upon his late arrival, he the anger of the whole class even further with his ill-bred manner. A threw 8. fanned C. vented D. hosted 37. That he was using unscrupulous research methods only came out because his assistant fon him to the press. ‘A. hounded B. fished C.ratted D. bugged 38, When I saw the mouse scutting towards me, | nearly jumped out of my A belly B. skin C. head . stomach 39. Tony is a very lazy and irresponsible boy; he's always trying to out of his duties, A. donkey B. monkey C. weasel D. beaver 40. The man in the market was selting leather coats very cheaply: they were such bargains that were soon A cleared off B. done up C. sold up D. snapped up Your answers: 26. 27. 28. 29. 30, 34. 32. 33. ] 34. 36. 36, 37. 38 38. 40. Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in the column on the right. 0 has been done as an example. Your answers: ‘Two weeks ago five young men were accused of (0. LEGAL) transmitting | 0. legally data without the permission of the copyright owners. During the trial the prosecutor ‘questioned the five (41. DEFEND) about the means they used in order to | 41 transmit the data to the general public. From the very beginning it was obvious that their punishment would be severe. However, thanks to the efforts of the defence lawyer, Thomas Austin, in the end many of the charges were dropped. According to the judge, Brian Davidson, ‘although this kind of file-sharing constitutes a(n) (42. | 42. Law) action, we can only accuse these five men of assisting in making copyright content available to the public and not of creating the whole network’. After that, an objection was raised by the legal counsel for a music company but it was (43. RULE) by the judge since as he stated ‘in the same way all the | 43 members of that specific downloading site are considered (44. CRIME) and} 44 should be brought to court’, After a short break, the verdict was finally announced. The five men are now facing (45. PRISON) for up to three years although | 45. their lawyer stil insists on their innocence. Page 3 of 12 pagesIl. READING (50 points) Part 1. For questions 46-56, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. COLLAPSE OF THE EMPIRES Historians have long been puzzled by the demise of the Akkad culture of central Iraq around 4000 years ‘ago. Not to mention the simultaneous disappearance of the Egyptian kingdom following the building of the great pyramids, together with hundreds of (46), settlements in the Holy Land. In 2001, satelite images of southem Iraq revealed what appears to be a relatively recent 3km-wide impact crater, suggesting that the Mido East wes (47) by a meteor which blasted the area (48) the violence of hundreds of H- orbs. ‘Around 3600 years ago, settlements on the volcanic Mediterranean island of Thera were annihilated by a titanic (49), ‘The aftermath, which included a large tsunami, is believed to have triggered the collapse of the famed Minoan (50), on Crete. Many researchers believe the civilization of Atlantis met its (51), around 12,000 years ago. If so, this could link Atlantis to perhaps the most famous catastrophe of them all. Noah's flood. Accounts of a catastrophic flood that devastated the whole world (52). up in the mythology of many (53), cultures, from Mexico to China. They may all be references to the devastation caused by the 100-meter rise in sea-level that followed the (54), of the ice sheets around 10,000 years ago. Geological studies suggest the Mediterranean (55). through into the Black Sea, inundating the whole area. At the time, it would truly have seemed as if the whole world had been flooded. Your answers: {46. a7. 48, 49, 50. [st 52. 53. 54. 55. Part 2. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT IN THE WORKPLACE ‘The car and computer manufacturing plants, the work environments we go to every day, the hospitals we are treated in, and even some of the restaurants we might eat in all function more efficiently due to the application of methods that come from Scientific Management. In fact, these methods of working seem 0 commonplace and s0 logical to a citizen of the modern world that it is almost impossible to accept that they were revolutionary only 100 years ago. ‘Scientific Management was developed in the first quarter of the 20" century; its father is commonly accepted to be F.W. Taylor. Taylor recognized labor productivity was largely inefficient due to a workforce that functioned by “rules of thumb.” Taylor carried out studies to ensure that factual scientific knowledge would replace these traditional “rules of thumb.” The backbone of this activity was his “time-and-motion” study. This involved analyzing all the operations and the motions performed in a factory, and timing them with a stopwatch. By knowing how long it took to perform each of the elements of each job, he believed it would be possible to determine a fair day's work. Work, he contended, was more efficient when broken down into its constituent parts, and the management, planning, and decision-making functions had been developed elsewhere. As this implies, Taylor viewed the majority of workers as il-educated and unfit to make important decisions about their work. Taylors system ensured the most efficient way would be used by all workers, therefore making the work process standard. Invariably, managers found that maximal efficiency was achieved by a subdivision of labor. This subdivision entailed breaking the workers’ tasks into smaller and smaller parts. In short, he specified not ‘only what was to be done, but also how it was to be done and the exact time allowed for doing it ‘One theory based on the Scientific Management model is Fordism. This theory refers to the application of Henry Ford's faith in mass production ~ in his case, of cars ~ and combined the idea of the moving assembly line with Taylor's systems of division of labor and piece-rate payment. With Fordism, jobs are automated or broken down into unskilled or semi-skilled tasks. The pace of the continuous-flow assembly line dictated work, But Ford's theory retained the faults of Taylors. Autocratic management ensured a high division of labor in order to effectively run mass production; this led to litle workplace democracy, and alienation. Equally, with emphasis on the continuous flow of the assembly line, machinery was given more importance than workers. ‘The benefits of Scientific Management lie within its abilty to provide a company with the focus to organize its structure in order to meet the objectives of both the employer and employee. Taylor found that the firms that introduced Scientific Management became the world's most carefully organized corporations. Scientific Management, however, has been criticized for “de-skiling” labor. As jobs are broken down into their constituent elements, humans become little more than "machines" in the chain. Their cognitive input is not required: itis best if they do not have to think about their tasks. Yet the average intelligence of employees has risen sharply; people have been made aware of their value as human beings. They are no longer content to receive only financial reward for their tasks. It has been recognized that productivity and success are not just ‘obtained by controlling all factors in the workplace, but by contributing to the social well-being and development of the individual employee. Page 4 of 12 pagesHigher levels of access to technology and information, as well as increased competition, present another dificuity to the theory of Scientific Management in the 21 century. Modern organizations process huge amounts of input, and employees no longer work in isolated units cut off from the organization at large. Managers recognize they are unable to control all aspects of employees’ functions, as the number of layers of information factored into everyday decisions is so high that itis imperative employees use their own initiative. High competition between organizations also means that companies must react fast to maintain market positions. All this forces modern companies to maintain high levels of flexibility In the era during which Scientific Management was developed, each worker had a specific task that he or she had to perform, with litle or no real explanation of why, or what part it played in the organization as whole. In this day and age, it is virtually impossible to find an employee in the developed world who is not aware of what his or her organization stands for, what their business strategy is, how well the company is performing, and what their job means to the company as a whole. Organizations actively encourage employees to know about their company and to work across departments, ensuring that communication at all levels is mixed and informal ‘Another weakness in Scientific Management theory is that it can lead to workers becoming too highly specialized, therefore hindering their adaptability to new situations. Nowadays, employers not only want workers to be efficient, they must also exhibit flexibility, In conclusion, it can be seen that Scientific Management is still very much part of organizations today. Its strengths in creating a divide between management functions and work functions have been employed widely at all levels and in all industries. In addition, its strengths in making organizations efficient through replacement of rules of thumb" with scientific fact ensured its widespread application For questions 56-61, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 56. Scientific Management boosted labour productivity during the first quarter of the 20” century. 57, In the early years of the 20" century, work productivity suffered as a result of established inefficient practices 58, Taylors "time-and-motion” study measured the exact time it took to complete each job in a fair day's work. 59. To maximize productivity, managers were advised to adopt subdivision of labour. 60. According to Scientific Management, a worker became specialized in certain unchanging work routines. 61. Fordism mostly reflected the drawbacks of Tayior’s theory. Your answers: (58. 87. 158. [59. [ 60. [61 ] For questions 62-66, complete the summary with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS taken from the passage. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. One criticism levelled at the Scientific Management model (SM) centres on the fact that the theory viewed people as machines, whose motivation was simply to get (62) expecting them to perform their tasks without much thinking. Nowadays, however, companies have come to realise that the best results possible depend on factors such as promoting individual workers’ (63) and professional development. Another challenge facing SM in the 21" century is that a corporation is obliged to keep (64) at the top levels 50 as to cope with pressure brought about by greater access to data, more intense competition and higher degree cof cooperation across the company. In addition, SM is almost inapplicable when workers are strongly advised to possess a more profound understanding of their companies while not restricted to certain (65) Finally, SM, despite its strength in maintaining a high level of productivity, may produce (66) workers with a low level of adaptability Your answers: [ee 63, 64 ) 65. 66, Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 67-73, read the passage and choose from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. BLAME IT ON THE MOONLIGHT in The Wolf Man, Lary Talbot knows he's just impossible at certain times of the month. In one famous scene from this Hollywood classic, he catches sight of his palms and how! in horror. They/re hairy ~a sure sign there's 3 full moon and he's turning into a werewolf 1 67 Belief in the moon's power to unsettle and even disrupt human behavior stretches back to antiquity — the word lunacy derives from Luna, the Roman goddess of the moon ~ and persisted well into Victorian times. In the 1830s, inmates of London's notorious lunatic asylum Bedlam were bound, chained and flogged as the full moon approached, as a precautionary measure against “increased turbulence.” The rise of modern science made lunacy theories unfashionable, yet in recent years they have made a comeback. Page 5 of 12 pages(68_ However, there are plenty of reasons to believe that the whole idea is pure moonshine. For every study that finds a connection, there's another that doesn't or that flatly contradicts earlier research, Added to this is the fact that few researchers bother to publish negative results, and the lunacy theory starts to look flimsy. In all theood, positive results are freak events. 69 ‘Another explanation is that the moon influences the weather, which in turn makes us act strangely. There is some support for this ~ a US National Weather Service study in the 1970s found there was 10 percent more ane the days after a new or full moon. And wet weather makes people gloomy. 70 ] ‘Can we Blame it on the moonlight? It has been established that pathways link the eye to the body's biological clock. The trouble with this theory is that moonlight itself is probably far too faint to influence these timekeeping mechanisms. ta] = - ] Their findings suggest that lunacy doesn’t stand up to scrutiny. There’s too much negative evidence and too many methodological errors. A victory for the sceptics, but one that stil leaves one nagging question. Why is the lunar myth so persistent? (aT 1 What's changed in modern times, he says, is the importance of the moon as a source of nocturnal illumination, In the days before gas lamps and electric lights, when candles were an expensive luxury, a moonlit night gave ‘people an opportunity to do all sorts of things — plough, hunt or travel, for instance. In the three days around the full moon, lunar light is 12 times stronger than at half full. Overall, people stayed up later and slept less during the fa moon than at other times of the month, Raison argues. ce i 73 Raisor's idea is even testable. Researchers should look for the effects of the moon in societies where it stil influences sleep-wake cycles, he suggests. Native Americans living traditional lifestyles in the south-western US might be ideal for such a study, he says. There we might find the ancient belief in the power of the moon vindicated at last — and settle a question as old as lunacy itself, The missing paragraphs: A. Here at last is a plausible link between the moon and behavior. Sleep deprivation over a single night can induce mania, Raison says, even in healthy people. Raison's theory also neatly explains why lunar influences are so elusive today. He suspects that artificial lighting swamps any effects the moon used to exert on the way we behave. B. If a sober, blue-chip company like BT is doing research and even thinking about changing its business practices to account for lunacy, surely other companies will do the same. . Psychiatrist Charles Raison of the University of California at Los Angeles believes he has the answer. He argues that the lunacy myth is a “cultural fossil’ - a memory of a time when the moon really did have a behaviour-altering power that it has since lost. D. OK, so its a silly movie. All the same, lots of people harbour a sneaking suspicion that the moon really can influence how we behave - though probably not to the extent of turning us into wolves. Numerous studies have looked for a relationship between the moon and behaviour and many have found one. Crime, violence and accidents seem to be more common when the moon is full. Women appear more likely to give birth, especially if they'e having twins. So is there anything in i? E. But according to Britain's meteorological office there's no direct link between the phases of the moon and the ‘weather. Rather, an apparent effect is caused by the tides’ subtle influence over the weather ~ fogs rolling in from the sea at high tide, for example. But once again the effect is small F. And anyway, how might the moon exert an influence over the way we behave? No one knows, and the ideas that have been put forward are barely plausible. Take the “biological tides” theory that since our bodies are 80 percent water, the moon must "pull on our bodily fluids just as it does on the oceans. G. if that wasn't bad enough for the believers, there are also doubts as to the validity of the research, Back in 1985, psychologists James Rotton and Ivan Kelly examined 37 lunacy studies. They concluded that most had methodological problems. When they allowed for those, all those intriguing relationships between human behavior and phases in the moon vanished. H. Over the past 20 years, researchers looking for lunar rhythms among people have found them all over the place. Calls to crisis centers, absenteeism, heart attacks and mental hospital admissions have all been linked to phases of the moon. Rape, robbery, assault, theft, domestic violence, suicide attempts, poisonings, drunkenness and disorderly conduct also appear to become more prevalent in the two or three days around a full moon, The latest piece of evidence suggests that the lunar cycle even influences our use of technology. Your answers: (ez. [68. 169. 170. ka [72. 173. Page 6 of 12 pagesPart 4. For questions 74-83, read an article on Monaco and choose the answer A, B, C or D which you think fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. MONAGCO'S BRITISH From a sprawling penthouse overlooking the port crowded with luxury yachts, the two faces of Monaco ‘can be contemplated. First, there is the picturesque old town and the white and red castle perched on a rock regally surveying the Mediterranean below. In the other direction, there is the uglier face of the independent principality, every available yard covered with council-style tower blocks to house the richest tax avoiders in the world. Within these blocks live the growing influx of Britons, who now number 5000 ~ three times as many as ten years ago. The expatriate population, with its own schools, pubs, clubs, radio station and cricket team is steadily taking control ofthis narrow enclave's social life, ust as it did in the nineteenth century when British aristocrats ‘and newly-tich industrialists flocked to the attractions around Europe's first casino at Monte Carlo. At its current growth rate, the British colony, lured by tax breaks and easier residency conditions, may soon surpass the 6000 native Monegasques and a similar number of Italians. However, it will take them much longer to overtake the French who, among their other privileges, run the 400-strong police force that makes the mini-territory of 340,000 bank accounts virtually crime-free. ‘The reason for expatriates flooding to Monaco is abundantly clear but how exactly do they spend their time in the tax haven? What constitutes a typical day for the recently wealthy expatriates following in the footsteps of Greek shipowners, Arab oil millionaires and Middle Eastern Jewish financiers who provided the post-war capital that turned the sleepy seaside rock into a prime investment paradise and a safe place to hide your cash? The British racing drivers David Coulthard and Jensen Button, who have become permanent fesidents, spend much of their time driving around the 2.2-square-kilometre mini-nation. The entertainment set, including Roger Moore, Ringo Starr and Shirley Bassey keep a low profile but the big money businessmen are more visible. Philip Green, the extravagant corporate raider, whose three-day birthday in Cyprus cost £5 rnillion, finds Monaco a handy place to meet new economic exiles. But even these flamboyant inhabitants are usually discreet, shunning the nightlife in favour of drinking at the nineteenth century Hotel de Paris, or lunching at Alain Ducasse's three-star restaurant, where £1000 meals are routine. The big names, though, are far outnumbered by rank-and-fle new British expats who belong to what is called the Monaco Mob. These invaders, attracted by the idle display of quickly-acquired wealth, have litle to do but walk the dog, sunbathe on the handkerchief-sized beaches, play the fruit machines, read the Financial Times ‘or spend the day in France. They may be on the Mediterranean but they settle for recreating a familar lifestyle in the two pubs, the Flashman and the Ship and Castle, or visiting nightclubs with English names like Jimmy. Unlike other foreigners, few Britons seek Monegasque nationality and few aim to be included in the inner circle around the royal family, who actively discourage too much attention being focused on their tax haven. Monaco, with its nor nking laws that hi ted a zone free of i x, and capital gains and inheritance taxes, openly encourages investment, This is perfectly legal in a territory where there are no laws on tax fraud even though it has led to a substantial outflow of funds from Britain estimated, according to 2 confidential report, to be about £1 billion annually ‘Apart from the Britons who have already got a foothold in the principality, there are many more preparing to join them. Under a 1998 law, the Monaco royal family reduced residence qualifications for citizens of European Union nations, making ownership of property unnecessary to obtain a ten-year permit f the applicant has £5 milion to invest. Renting a fiat and an occasional visit each year is now enough to claim credentials as an honorary Monegasque. These changes, which appear to be having the desired effect of enticing yet more tax avoiders from Britain, are part of a drive to beat Switzerland as Europe's best fiscal hideaway. So, how will those straining at the leash to prevent the tax authorities from relieving them of some of their precious assets be accommodated, when 300-metre-wide Monaco appears to be bursting at the seams? Well, Lunt! recently one-fifth of the mini-state was under water. The royal family has had a massive prefabricated steel segment floated in from Spain to be the base for another residential and business zone. Here, under the watchful eye of the police force and the ubiquitous surveillance cameras, the new British entrepreneurs will have somewhere safe to show off their riches. ‘74, What is true about the principality of Monaco? A Itis dominated by its port. B. Its tower blocks appear to be getting taller. . Itis the country of stark contrasts, D. Itis spreading in all directions. 75. In what way are the present influx of Britons into Monaco and that of the nineteenth century similar? ‘A. They are being led by aristocrats. B. They are rapid. C. They have been caused by the desire to gamble. D. They threaten the French domination of Monaco. 76. Most of the rich and famous Britons in Monaco ‘A. have been responsible for its post-war transformation B. make numerous new business connections there C. are involved in the entertainment industry . try to be fairly inconspicuous Page 7 of 12 pages7. The phrase “economic exiles” as used in Paragraph 3 refers to A. people who are forced to live in another country during economic crisis B. people who choose to move to another county for more favorable financial conditions C. asylum seekers who leave their own country in search of government's financial subsidy D. migrants who move to a foreign country to run away from their commercial debt 78, The majority of British expatriates in Monaco A live in the same way as they would in Britain B. try to ingratiate themselves with the royal family C. are amongst the worst-behaved inhabitants D. belong to exclusive clubs 79, What has been the result of the mass exodus of Britons to Monaco? ‘A an investigation by British tax authortes into tax evasion B. a freezing of Monegasque bank accounts in British names C. a set of new tax laws forbidding transfer of funds out of Britain Da huge reduction in taxes previously paid by expatriates ‘80. Which of the following sentences best expresses the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5? ‘A. Due to its non-existent banking laws that have created a zone free of income tax, capital gains and inheritance taxes, Monaco attracts an influx of investors. B. Due to its zone free of income tax, capital gains and inheritance taxes, Monaco has become a country of non-existent banking laws. C. As there are no banking laws, which provides exemption from income tax, capital gains and inheritance taxes, Monaco creates a publicly supportive environment for investment. D. As there are no banking laws for creating a zone free of income tax, capital gains and inheritance taxes, Monaco has given public support to investments. 81. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in the paragraph the sentence “Trying to trace the cash among the 340,000 accounts protected by secrecy laws is impossible, which makes Monaco attractive to those who prefer not to disclose their liquid assets.” can be inserted? TAI Unlike other foreigners, few Britons seek Monegasque nationality and few aim to be included in the inner circle around the royal family, who actively discourage too much attention being focused on their tax haven, [B] Monaco, with Its non-existent banking laws that have created a zone free of income tax, and capital gains and inheritance taxes, openly encourages investment. {C] This is perfectly legal in a territory where there are no laws on tax fraud even though it has led to 2 substantial outflow of funds from Britain estimated, according to a confidential report, to be about £1 billion annually. [D] ATA] 8. By C.IC] D. [D} 82, Before 1998, in order to gain a Monaco residence permit, foreigners. ‘A. were required to spend most of the year in the principality B. had to be from an EU country C. needed to have their own property there D. had to have at least £5 million in a bank account 83, Where will the next group of expatriates be housed? A. in the 20% of land yet to be developed B. in new blocks that will replace those to be pulled down C. in a new housing development near the city centre D. in an area of land reclaimed from the sea Your answers: 74. 75. | 76. 7. 78. La, 80. 81 82. 83 Part 5. The passage below consists of five paragraphs marked A, B, C, D and E. For questions 64-95, read the passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. THE DEMOCRATISATION OF BEAUTY A. Mention cosmetic surgery and the more judgmental among us immediately rattle off a list of traits its devotees probably share: vanity, narcissism, low self-esteem. We imagine shallow socialites or vain celebrities desperately trying to forestall the ravages of time. But in fact, cosmetic surgery is not an industry built on vanity alone. It Is also buit on two much more powerful emotions: denial and envy. Cosmetic Surgery thrives on our collective denial of aging, It feeds on our envy of those who embody nature's most powerful but fieeting charms — youth, strength, beauty and fertility. Its supporters praise its ability to change lives and its crtios denounce it as the expression of our society's worst impulses. It is @ useful fathometer for assessing the state of our democracy and people's views about much broader social currents, such as the glorification of youth or our obsessive anxiety about identity. Page 8 of 12 pagesB. in recent years, a peculiar species of thought has emerged — call it Vanitus Democratus — that doesn't merely tolerate, but embraces cosmetic surgery as evidence of society's commitment to equality. “Envy is the basis of democracy,” as Bertrand Russell observed, but since beauty is a valuable commodity that is unfairly distributed, it can prompt extremes of envy about its undemocratic effects. Americans loathe such unfaimess, The solution is to democratise beauty, to make it something that, fuelled by envy and with ‘enough money and effort, anyone can attain. This blunts its force as an instrument of inequality. Writing in The New Yorker in 2001, Malcolm Gladwell noted that "we have come to prefer a world where the unattractive get cosmetic surgery to a world ruled, arbitrarily, by those fortunate few who were born beautiful. Those who get cosmetic surgery didn't work for their good looks, but then the people who are ‘born with good looks didn't work for them, either. One of the principal contributions of the late twentieth century was the moral deregulation of social competition: the insistence that advantages derived from artificial intervention are no less legitimate than the advantages of nature.” C. Cosmetic surgery patients are not ill, nor do they suffer from an identifiable disease. Nevertheless, they come to a surgeon with their aetiologies clearly worked out: one person feels her nose is misshapen, ‘another thinks her thighs are too large, still another is unhappy with the bags under his eyes. tis dificult to imagine traditional physicians taking seriously @ person who walks into their office, states with absolute certainty a complete analysis, and demands a specific cure. What explains cosmetic surgery’s unusual reliance on this habit? The greatest boon to cosmetic surgery was not the development of any particular technique or the creation of a miracle product. Rather, it was an import from psychology: the inferiority complex. The inferiority complex provided a crucial link: it joined individual mental health with physical appearance and thus psychologised cosmetic surgery. People suffering from an inferiority complex because their chins were droopy were actually ill ~ they requited medical intervention to alleviate their psychological suffering. The psychologising of cosmetic surgery allowed doctors to feel certain they were treating their patients’ deepest concerns; thus released them from the difficut responsibilty of determining whether or not someone really should be having surgery. Cosmetic surgery - better, cheaper, more widespread - encourages measuring success by outward appearance. What it doesn't offer is a Solution to an intransigent fact: no matter how much surgery a person has, there will always be someone younger, more naturally beautiful and outwardly appealing. At its heart, cosmetic surgery is self-defeating since it cannot permanently stop the process of aging. And yet, many of us know formerly love-handied forty-somethings who are objectively much happier after their surgeries. In a free society, why should anyone stand in the way of another person's transformation from frog to prince? Isn't this simply the laudable and democratic pursuit of happiness? E. if opponents of cosmetic surgery are too quick to dismiss those who claim great psychological benefits, boosters are far too willing to dismiss those who raise concems. Cosmetic surgery might make individual people happier, but in the aggregate, it makes life worse for everyone. By defining beauty up, the pressure to conform to these elevated standards increases. The risk is not a society of beautiful but homogeneous mannequins. The danger is a growing intolerance for what we would naturally look like without constant nipping, tucking, and peeling. In which paragraph is each of the following mentioned? Your answers: the ultimately fruitless nature of cosmetic surgery #4 the idea that cosmetic surgery feeds human desire for triumph over aging 86. the evaporation of disapproval for cosmetic surgery in society 86. the fact that cosmetic surgery eagerly embraces the practice of self-diagnosis 87. the fact that people's contentment can be increased by cosmetic surgery 88. the notion that the greatest breakthrough in cosmetic surgery derived from outside the field 89. the notion that artificial beauty and natural beauty are of equal validity 90. the notion that cosmetic surgery benefits the minority at the expense of the majority 91 people's reluctance to engage in a proper debate about cosmetic surgery 92, the public's continuing refusal to view beauty as a dominant force in society 93. the confidence with which health experts prescribe surgical intervention 94, the debate over the social representation of cosmetic surgery 95. Page 9 of 12 pagesIV. WRITING (60 points) Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your summary should be ‘between 100 and 120 words long. The teacher as an inspirer of vision provides a vision of greatness for her students. She perceives their varied and abundant potential as human beings. She believes in the rich possibilities of this human material with which she works. She is inspired by the thought that teaching at its best has always been in essence the ‘educing, releasing, and development of that which is in the learner. ‘The teacher as a provider of a vision of greatness becomes skillful in communicating to students of all ‘ages this conception of the worth and significance of each individual. Every phase of the educative process ‘comes to contribute to this vision of greatness of man. Even the routine skills, and the drils that may be necessary to refine them, if properly related to vision, achieve purpose and meaning and cease to be drudgery Reading, number, composition, philosophy, literature, science are the living means and the luring goals that both express and release man’s potential Perceiving themselves in terms of the varied qualities of their full nature, students rapidly grow toward that perception. Imprisoned by age-old distortions of what they are and what they can be, students perform in terms of those distortions. Hence, perhaps the teacher's most significant function is to provide a vision of greatness, This conception of the rich potential of man is extremely difficult to make clear, meaningful and convincing. All of us are part of the history of man. In spite of our best efforts to spring free, we embody in our ways of thinking and even in our deepest assumptions the results of that history, including its major misconceptions. Teachers have not escaped from these historical preconceptions; indeed, they bring them into the classrooms of the world Until relatively recent times the whole framework of civilized society rested upon the institution of human slavery. Even where the system of slavery was not so evident and gross, as it was in ancient Rome, the conceptions of the nature of man were equally degrading and the exploitation almost as gross. By a long process, societies had come to accept and live with a view of man that only a small minority were of worth beyond the worth of other chattels or other things to be used and discarded at wil Part 2. The charts give data on the proportion of time and the places people of different age groups in the country of Fantasia spend and go for information on a weekly basis. ‘Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words. Page 10 of 12 pages —_ Se10% 1% atv «0% YOUNG MIDDLE-AGED. |B Printed newspaper! magazine | Dinternet | wOthers RETIRED. Page 11 of 12 pagesPart 3. Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic. There is an idea that young people should not learn what the world is doing, but they should learn what they can do to the world. To what extent do you agree with the statement? Give specific example(s) to support your answer. (You may write overleaf if you need more space.) = THE END - Page 12 of 12 pages