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Solution Assg-1 em PDF

The document contains 12 problems involving vector operations and coordinate system conversions. Some key points: 1) Problem 1 involves finding the direction of a sum of vectors, the magnitude of another vector expression, and the product of magnitudes and a sum of vectors. 2) Problem 2 finds the coordinates of a point B given its distance from another point A and the unit vector direction from the origin to B. 3) Problem 3 calculates distances between points, unit vector directions between points, and the unit vector direction to the midpoint between two points. 4) Subsequent problems involve additional vector operations and conversions between cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems.

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Nazer Mangirapin Baris
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649 views3 pages

Solution Assg-1 em PDF

The document contains 12 problems involving vector operations and coordinate system conversions. Some key points: 1) Problem 1 involves finding the direction of a sum of vectors, the magnitude of another vector expression, and the product of magnitudes and a sum of vectors. 2) Problem 2 finds the coordinates of a point B given its distance from another point A and the unit vector direction from the origin to B. 3) Problem 3 calculates distances between points, unit vector directions between points, and the unit vector direction to the midpoint between two points. 4) Subsequent problems involve additional vector operations and conversions between cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems.

Uploaded by

Nazer Mangirapin Baris
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment-1 (Solution)

1) Given the vectors M = −10ax + 4ay − 8az and N = 8ax + 7ay − 2az,
find:
a) a unit vector in the direction of −M+ 2N.
−M+ 2N = 10ax − 4ay + 8az + 16ax + 14ay − 4az = (26, 10, 4)
Thus a = (26, 10, 4)/|(26, 10, 4)| = (0.92, 0.36, 0.14)
b) the magnitude of 5ax + N − 3M:
(5, 0, 0) + (8, 7,−2) − (−30, 12,−24) = (43,−5, 22), and |(43,−5, 22)| = 48.6.
c) |M||2N|(M+ N):
|(−10, 4,−8)||(16, 14,−4)|(−2, 11,−10) = (13.4)(21.6)(−2, 11,−10)
= (−580.5, 3193,−2902)
2) The vector from the origin to the point A is given as (6,−2,−4), and the unit vector
directed from theorigin toward point B is (2,−2, 1)/3. If points A and B are ten units apart,
find the coordinates of point B.
Ans: With A = (6,−2,−4) and B =1/3 *B(2,−2, 1), we use the fact that |B − A| = 10,
or
|(6 – 2/3B)ax − (2 – 2/3B)ay − (4 + 1/3B)az| = 10
Expanding, obtain
36 − 8B + 4/9B2 + 4 – 8/3B + 4/9B2 + 16 + 8/3B + 1/9B2 = 100
or B2 − 8B − 44 = 0. Thus B = 11.75

B =2/3(11.75)ax −2/3(11.75)ay +1/3(11.75)az


B= 7.83ax − 7.83ay + 3.92az
3) given points A(8,−5, 4) and B(−2, 3, 2), find:

a) the distance from A to B.


|B − A| = |(−10, 8,−2)| = 12.96
b) a unit vector directed from A towards B. This is found through
aAB =B – A / |B − A| = (−0.77, 0.62,−0.15)
c) a unit vector directed from the origin to the midpoint of the line AB.
a0M =(A + B)/2 / |(A + B)/2| =(3,−1, 3 ) / √19 = (0.69,−0.23, 0.69)

4) A vector field is specified as G = 24xyax + 12(x2 + 2)ay + 18z2az. Given two points, P(1, 2,−1)
and Q(−2, 1, 3), find:
a) G at P: G(1, 2,−1) = (48, 36, 18)
b) a unit vector in the direction of G at Q: G(−2, 1, 3) = (−48, 72, 162), so
aG =(−48, 72, 162)/|(−48, 72, 162)| = (−0.26, 0.39, 0.88)
c) a unit vector directed from Q toward P:
aQP =P – Q/|P − Q| = (3,−1, 4)/√26 = (0.59, 0.20,−0.78)
d) the equation of the surface on which |G| = 60: We write 60 = |(24xy, 12(x2 + 2), 18z2)|, or
10 = |(4xy, 2x2 + 4, 3z2)|, so the equation is
100 = 16x2y2 + 4x4 + 16x2 + 16 + 9z4
5) To prove A and B perpendicular to each other prove that their product is zero.
6) Three vectors extending from the origin are given as r1 = (7, 3,−2), r2 = (−2, 7,−3), and
r3 = (0, 2, 3).Find:
a) a unit vector perpendicular to both r1 and r2:
ap12 =r1 × r2/|r1 × r2| =(5, 25, 55)/60.6 = (0.08, 0.41, 0.91)
b) a unit vector perpendicular to the vectors r1 − r2 and r2 − r3: r1 − r2 = (9,−4, 1) and r2 − r3 =
(−2, 5,−6). So r1 − r2 × r2 − r3 = (19, 52, 32). Then
ap =(19, 52, 32)/|(19, 52, 32)| =(19, 52, 32)/63.95 = (0.30, 0.81, 0.50)
c) the area of the triangle defined by r1 and r2:
Area =1/2|r1 × r2| = 30.3
d) the area of the triangle defined by the heads of r1, r2, and r3:
Area =1/2|(r2 − r1) × (r2 − r3)| =1/2|(−9, 4,−1) × (−2, 5,−6)| = 32.0

7) Point A(−4, 2, 5) and the two vectors, RAM = (20, 18,−10) and RAN = (−10, 8, 15), define a
triangle.
a) Find a unit vector perpendicular to the triangle: Use
ap =RAM × RAN/|RAM × RAN| =(350,−200, 340)/527.35 = (0.664,−0.379, 0.645)
The vector in the opposite direction to this one is also a valid answer.
b) Find a unit vector in the plane of the triangle and perpendicular to RAN:
aAN =(−10, 8, 15)/√389 = (−0.507, 0.406, 0.761)
Then
apAN = ap ×aAN = (0.664,−0.379, 0.645)×(−0.507, 0.406, 0.761) = (−0.550,−0.832, 0.077)
The vector in the opposite direction to this one is also a valid answer.
c) Find a unit vector in the plane of the triangle that bisects the interior angle at A: A non-unit
vector in the required direction is (1/2)(aAM + aAN), where
aAM =(20, 18,−10)/|(20, 18,−10)| = (0.697, 0.627,−0.348)

8) a) Express the field D = (x2 + y2)−1(xax + yay ) in cylindrical components and cylindrical
variables:
Have x = ρ cos φ, y = ρ sin φ, and x2 + y2 = ρ2. Therefore
D =1/ρ *(cos φax + sin φay )
Then Dρ = D ・ aρ = 1/ρ[cos φ(ax ・ aρ) + sin φ(ay ・ aρ)]=1/ρ[cos2 φ + sin2 φ]=1/ρ
and
Dφ = D ・ aφ =1/ρ[cos φ(ax ・ aφ) + sin φ(ay ・ aφ)]=1/ρ [cos φ(−sin φ) + sin φ cos φ] = 0
Therefore
D =1/ρ Aρ

b) Evaluate D at the point where ρ = 2, φ = 0.2π, and z = 5, expressing the result in cylindrical
and cartesian coordinates: At the given point, and in cylindrical coordinates, D = 0.5aρ. To
express this in cartesian, we use
D = 0.5(aρ ・ ax )ax + 0.5(aρ ・ ay )ay = 0.5 cos 36◦ax + 0.5 sin 36◦ay = 0.41ax + 0.29ay

9) Express in cylindrical components:


a) the vector from C(3, 2,−7) to D(−1,−4, 2):
C(3, 2,−7) → C(ρ = 3.61, φ = 33.7◦, z = −7) and
D(−1,−4, 2) → D(ρ = 4.12, φ = −104.0◦, z = 2).
Now RCD = (−4,−6, 9) and Rρ = RCD ・ aρ = −4 cos(33.7) − 6 sin(33.7) = −6.66. Then
Rφ = RCD ・ aφ = 4 sin(33.7) − 6 cos(33.7) = −2.77. So RCD = −6.66aρ − 2.77aφ + 9az
b) a unit vector at D directed toward C:
RCD = (4, 6,−9) and Rρ = RDC ・ aρ = 4 cos(−104.0) + 6 sin(−104.0) = −6.79. Then Rφ = RDC
・ aφ = 4[−sin(−104.0)] + 6 cos(−104.0) = 2.43. So RDC = −6.79aρ + 2.43aφ − 9az
Thus aDC = −0.59aρ + 0.21aφ − 0.78az
c) a unit vector at D directed toward the origin: Start with rD = (−1,−4, 2), and so the vector
toward the origin will be −rD = (1, 4,−2). Thus in cartesian the unit vector is a = (0.22,
0.87,−0.44).
Convert to cylindrical:
aρ = (0.22, 0.87,−0.44) ・ aρ = 0.22 cos(−104.0) + 0.87 sin(−104.0) = −0.90, and
aφ = (0.22, 0.87,−0.44) ・ aφ = 0.22[−sin(−104.0)] + 0.87 cos(−104.0) = 0, so that finally,
a = −0.90aρ − 0.44az.
10)
a) Determine an expression for ay in spherical coordinates at P(r = 4, θ = 0.2π, φ = 0.8π):
Use ay ・ ar = sin θ sin φ = 0.35, ay ・ aθ = cos θ sin φ = 0.48, and ay ・ aφ = cos φ = −0.81
to obtain ay = 0.35ar + 0.48aθ − 0.81aφ
b) Express ar in cartesian components at P: Find x = r sin θ cos φ = −1.90, y = r sin θ sin φ =
1.38, and z = r cos θ = −3.24. Then use ar ・ ax = sin θ cos φ = −0.48, ar ・ ay = sin θ sin φ
= 0.35, and ar ・ az = cos θ = 0.81 to obtain ar = −0.48ax + 0.35ay + 0.81az

11) Express the unit vector ax in spherical components at the point:


a) r = 2, θ = 1 rad, φ = 0.8 rad: Use
ax = (ax ・ ar )ar + (ax ・ aθ )aθ + (ax ・ aφ)aφ =
sin(1) cos(0.8)ar + cos(1) cos(0.8)aθ + (−sin(0.8))aφ = 0.59ar + 0.38aθ − 0.72aφ

b) x = 3, y = 2, z = −1: First, transform the point to spherical coordinates. Have r = √14,


θ = cos−1(−1/√14) = 105.5◦, and φ = tan−1(2/3) = 33.7◦. Then
ax = sin(105.5◦) cos(33.7◦)ar + cos(105.5◦) cos(33.7◦)aθ + (−sin(33.7◦))aφ
= 0.80ar − 0.22aθ − 0.55aφ
c) ρ = 2.5, φ = 0.7 rad, z = 1.5: Again, convert the point to spherical coordinates.
r = ρ2 + z2 √8 = .5, θ = cos−1(z/r) = cos−1(1.5/√8.5) = 59.0◦, and φ = 0.7 rad = 40.1◦. Now
ax = sin(59◦) cos(40.1◦)ar + cos(59◦) cos(40.1◦)aθ + (−sin(40.1◦))aφ
= 0.66ar + 0.39aθ − 0.64aφ

12) Refer notes to get the definitions.

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