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202 views21 pagesQuestion Bank
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© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 21
ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
POWER ELECTRONI
EE 603
Group -A
Multiple Choice Type Questions
1) Ina thyristor, the magnitude of anode current will (a) increase if gate current is increased (b) decrease if gate
current is decreased (c) increase if gate current is decreased (d) remains unchanged with any variation in gate
current.
2) Tumn-on time of an SCR ean be reduced by using a (a) rectangular pulse of high amplitude and narrow width
(b) rectangular pulse of low amplitude and wide width (c) triangular pulse (d) trapezoidal pulse.
3) A forward voltage can be applied to an SCR afler its (a) anode current (b) gate recovery time (c) reverse
recovery time (d) anode voltage; reduces to zero.
4) The dit rating of an SCR is specified for its (a) decaying anode current (b) decaying gate current (c) rising
gate current (4) rising anode current,
5) For an SCR, dat protection is achieved through the use of (a) RL in series with SCR (b) RC across SCR
(©) Lin series with SCR (d) L across SCR.
6) A chopper has Vs as the source voltage, R is the load resistance and ‘a’ as the duty cycle. The rms output
voltage is (a) a Vs (b) Ya Vs (c) Vs/Va (d) V (1-a) Vs.
7) in de choppers, per uni
ple is maximum when duty cycle is (a) 0.2 (b) 0.5 (¢) 0.7 (d) 0.9.
8) A converter which can operate in both 3-pulse and 6-pulse modes is a (a) 1-9 full converter (b) 3- g half
‘wave converter (c) 3- semi converter (d) 3-9 full converter.
9) Ina 1-@ fall converter, the number of SCR conducting during overlap is (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4.
10) Each diode of a 3- @ half wave rectifier conducts for (a) 60° (b) 120° (c) 90° (d)180°
11) Ina 3d full wave diode rectifier, if V,, is the maximum value of per phase voltage, then each diode is
subjected to a peak inverse voltage of (a) V,,(b) V3 V,, (€)2¥,, (A)3 ¥,,
12) The 3 ~ ac-de converter which requires neutral point connection is a (a) 3 ~¢ semi converter (b) 3 ~¢ full
converter (c) 3 ~¢ half-wave converter (d) 3 full converter with diodes.
13) In a constant current source inverter (a) a capacitor is connected in series with a voltage source (b) an
inductor is connected in series with a voltage source (c) a capacitor is connected in parallel with a voltage
source (4) an inductor is connected in parallel with a voltage source.
14) An RC snubber circuit is used to protect an SCR against (a) false triggering (b) failure to turn on (c)
switching transients (d) failure to commute
15) A 1-o fill bridge inverter can operate in load commutation mode in case lond consists of (a) RLC over
damped (b) RLC under-damped (c) RLC critically damped (4) RC phase. 16) The thermal characteristics ofa MOSFET make it suitable fora) series connection b) parallel connection
©) back-to-back connection d) anti-parallel connection
17) The bipolar transistor compared to n MOSFET has: ) lower conduction loss b) lower switching loss
©) both lower conduction and switching loss d) lower stored charge
18) Alloy junction diodes are used for a) tower temperature rise b) high peak current ¢) lower stored charge 4)
high difdt
19) Schottky diodes are used for a) high ripple current b) high reverse voltage ¢) low forward voltage d) free-
wheeling application
20) The IGBT has a) high input Z and high conduction loss b) low input Z and low conduction loss ©) low input
Z and high conduction loss d) high input Z and low conduction loss
se rtrti—~™”~—~wr—~”r—~”—~”—~—~—~—C—CSis=tCC holding
current ¢) dependent on the average load current d) more than the holding current
Be olution ia deicaile Becamse ») t provides sles iolation betveen the high pawer an cautrol logic
») the gate control may be for both on and off c) the gate control may have high frequency pulses d) the gate
control is independent of power flow
23) Ina cyelo-converter, itis possible to vary a) only output frequency 6) only output voltage c) both output
voltage and frequency but not simultaneously d) both output voltage and frequency simultaneously
24) PWM is used in inverters a) to control output voltage b) to reduce harmonies in output c) to compensate for
variation in de input d) all of these above
25) Among different types of diodes reverse recovery time is east ina) Alloy junction diodes b) Schottky
diodes c) Diffusion diodes with gold doping d) General purpose diodes
26) Secondary breakdown occurs in a) GTO b) IGBT c) BIT d) TRIAC
27) A thyristor is a) uncontrolled switch b) on controlled switch e) on & off controlled switch d) none of the
above
28) The limitation ofa cyelo-converter in motor speed control i 2) cannot be used for three phase motors »
constant flux operation not possible c) control range of speed is limited d) can operate only in rectifying mode
26) The switch that can only be turned on by a level control signal is a) GTO b) Thyristor c) TRIAC d)
MOSFET
30) Switching losses ofa semiconductor switch a) is independent of the ffequeney of operation b) depends on
the control circuit e) depends on the duty-eycle of operation d) depends on turn-on & turnoff ting at
switch.
31) A TRIAC can be used only in 8) Inverter b) Rectifier c) AC Voltage Regulator d) Mult quadkaat chopper
32) Ina semiconductor switch dv/dt control is achieved by a) R network across switch ») R-L network across
switch ¢) R-C network in series with switch d) R-C network across switch
33) The range of firing angle for R firing circuit is a) 0° to 90° by 0° to 180° €) 90° to 180° d) 180° to 360° 34) High fequency transformers sed in switching regulators generally use a) laminate silicon selon
ferrite cores c) air core d) mu-metal cores -
35) In an UIT the voltage across the two base terminals is Vpn, the diode voltage drop is Vp and n is the
intrinsie stand-off ratio, The emitter potential'at peak point is given as a) A Vpn b) 4 Vp c) AVBB+YD d)
AVD + VBB -
36) A single phase full bridge voltage source inverter has highly indu
current is a) square wave b) triangular wave ¢) sine wave d) pulse wave
load. For a constant source the load
37) Reverse recovery current in a diode depends upon a) forward current b) temperature c) stored charge in
depletion region d) Peak Inverse Voltage
38) In a constant current source inverter a) a capacitor is connected in series with the voltage source b) an
inductor is connected in series with the voltage source ¢) a capacitor is connected in parallel with the voltage
source d) an inductor is connected in parallel with the voltage source
39) A cyclo-converter is a a) DC to AC converter b) Phase controlled converter c) DC to DC converter d) direct
frequency changer
40) In a thyristor, anode current is made up of a) electrons only b) holes only c) electron and holes d) none of
these
40)In a three phase full converter, the six SCRs are triggered at an interval of a) 30 degree b) 60 degree ¢) 90
degree d) 120 degree
42) For continuous conduction, each thyristor pair ofa single phase full converter should conduct for a) ab)
-a Orta dx
43) The sofiness factor for soft recovery and fast recovery diodes are respecti
ie
ly a) 1,>1b)<1,1 o)1,1 a)
44) A single phase half wave circuit is one which produces number of |
pulses of load current during one cycle of
source voltage a) Two b) Three c) Six d) One
45) The PIV in ac to de converter system is highest in a)
) 1 full wave mid-point converter b) 1 full converter
) 3@ bridge converter d) 3 half wave converter,
46) In a buck- chopper the Thevenin equivalent of the load as seen fro:
; 7m the de Tink is a) a constant voltage sink
b) a constant current sink c) a resistor d) none of these.
Group -B
Short Answer Type Questions
1) Explain with necessary waveforms the principle of operation of an RC triggering circuit.
2) Distinguish clearly between voltage commutation and current commutation in an SCR circuit,
3) Explain with the help of circuit diagram, the p
expression of output voltage of such a chopper.
le of operation of step-up chopper. Deduce the 4) Explain the turn-off process of an SCR with the help of anode current versus time waveform, Define the turn-
off time of an SCR.
5) Explain with the two transistor analogy of an SCR, how positive feedback action takes place during tum-on
ofan SCR.
6) What is a current source inverter? Mention its merits & demerits compared to voltage source inverter.
7) Discuss what would happen if gate is made positive with respect to cathode during the reverse blocking of an
SCR.
8) Explain how the voltage of a 1~p inverter is controlled by PWM techniques.
ved in SCR?
9) How diat and dv/at protections are ac!
10) What is meant by blocked group operation and circulating current mode operation of a cyclo-converter?
11) Explain the operation of a 1-g half controlled bridge converter connected with R-L load. Show the possible
waveforms for the output voltage, SCR current and source current for a given firing angle and consider ripple
free output current.
12) With suitable waveforms explain the operation of a 1- uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load. Deduce the
expressions of RMS and average values of output voltage. What is the purpose of fiee-wheeling diode?
Pict
1
“© rw |ap
13) A 1-9 converter with a free-wheeling diode is supplied from a 120 V, 50 Hz supply with a source
luctance of 0.33 mH. Assume the load current is continuous at 4 A, find the commutation angle for the
transfer of current from a conducting thyristor to the commutation diode,
14) Discuss the effect of “Zs ’, the ac-side inductance, on the performance of a 3-9 full bridge controlled
rectifier.
15) Show that due to the presence of the ac-side inductance ‘Zs on a 3- g full-bridge controlled rectifier, the
average de voltage in the presence of a finite commutation interval * x” is given by Vp = 1.35 Vi,—3 wLsld
where ‘Vi ” is the rms value of line-line voltage. TI
16) What are the different losses in a power semiconductor switch and what are the factors that contribute to
these losses? A MOSFET has a switch-on time 0.2 uss, a switch-off time 0.4 1s, Rds 0.1 ohms, Find the total
losses when it operates at 100 kHz at a duty-cycle 50% with a current of 10 A and voltage of 100 V. What is the
efficiency of conversion?
17) Differentiate between a Blocked-Group and Circulating Current Mode Cycloconverter and state the
advantages and limitations of both. :
18) What are the performance characteristics of an inverter? Find the total RMS output and the RMS of the first
harmonie for a single phase full-bridge inverter with de input 50 V for a duty eyele of 0.5. 19). Explain with the help of a two-transistor analogy the latching operation of a thyristor, What are the
conditions for a thyristor to turn off? § me
20) Draw the basic circuit of a current source inverter and explain briefly the concept of the current source.
Mention the merits and demerits ofa current source inverter compared to a Voltage source inverter.
21) What is meant by forced commutation? Briefly explain with relevant waveforms the complimentary
commutation of an SCR.
22) Define modulating index for sinusoidal PWM. What is the ratio of modulating frequency to fundamental? If
the number of carrier pulses per half-cycle of fundamental is p, what is the mtio of carrier to fundamental
half-cycle of fundamental.
Fart ie black clegram Of & tice phase ia Gives case full bridge cyclo-caaveer. Dew the detailed
Circuit of one phase and compute the total number of switches,
25) Draw a typical circuit of ac voltage control using a TRIAC-DIAC Pair. What is the common load in such
cases?
26) Explain with circuit diagrams the applications and advantages of a freewheel diode in various converters. In
4 step down chopper the duty-cyele is 40% and average load current is 10 A. What ie the average load current in
the freewheel diode?
27) Draw and explain dynamic switching characteristics of Power BIT.
28) What do you mean by FBSOA and RBSOA? Explain the construction of IGBT.
dvicnttttistor is used to feed a load resistance 8 ohms ffom @ 230 V single Phase supply. The ratings of
{hyristors are: repetitive peak current = 200 A, (didt)max = 40 A/js and (dvidt)max = 150 Vis, Design a
snubber circuit for protection of thyristor.
20) A step-up chopper supplies power toa load having 1.5 ohms resistance and 0.8 mit inductance. The source
poaee is 50 V DC and the load voltage is 75 V. Ifthe on-time is 1.5 me, find ) chopper switching frequency
) the average value of the source current c) Imax d) Imin
31) Draw a comparison between power transistor, power MOSFET & IGBT in relation to their application in
power electronics,
32) Ina single phase semi-converter, connected to 100 V, 50 Hz supply, find the average & r.m.s values of the
output voltage if the firing angle is 60°.
33) Explain briefly why maximum triggering angle available from a resistance triggering circuit
is 90°, Group-C
Long Answer Type Questions
1) Fora 3-9 controlled half-wave rectifier feeding lond R as shown in the figure,
show that the average output voltages are given by
w3
x :
Ja Von c0s(a)s for 0 car =
= 2h, for Z (a ¢
Jra[teco(ert)f rE ca
Where Vay is the maximum value of phase voltage and ‘a * isthe fring angle delay.
we
ii) A battery is charged by a fully controlled single phase converter as shown in
50 Hz. The load consists of a 24 V battery and a resistance of 5@ connected in seri
is the minimum possible firing angle? Compute the value of average output voltage.
ig. The input supply is 30 V,
ies to limit the current. What ii) Draw the Waveform across the inductor (1) and the current through the load (i), when the de-side load is
represented by an inductor (£) and a de voltage (E,).
3) The given circuit is a basic 1-p uncontrolled bridge rectifier with R load. Assuming the input to be
vy, =V2F,sin(at), show that:
2
the average vale ofthe de ouput voage (¥,) i given by Zn = — VV,
4) The given circuit is a basic 1-g uncontrolled rectifier witha finite ac-side inductance(Z,). Assume that the
desde can be represented by a constant de current (Z,) and the input to bes = V2V, sin (1).
') Draw the waveform across the inductor (v,) and the current (i).
olsl,
ver,
ii) Show that in the presence of a finite ac-side inductance(L,), c0s(n) =1— + Where ‘u? is the
commutation interval.
#1) Show thatthe finite commutation interval reduces the average value of the output voltage and is given by
ol,
¥= 045%, -T1,,
5) The given circuit is a basic 1-@ uncontrolled bridge rectifier with a finite ac-side inductance(Z,). Assume
that the de-side can be represented by a constant de current (J) and the input to be ve = V2¥,sin(ar).
a 2oLs .
‘commutation interval ‘*, cos(u)=1- ly and the average de-side voltage is
‘s
Show that due to
2
Biven by Vy = 0.907, 22), : ©) For type-A chopper, de source voltage =230V, load resistance = 10 ©. Assume a voltage drop of 2 V across
the chopper when it is on. For a duty cycle of 0.4, calculate
1 >]
L |
rod |My
@) average and rms values of output voltage.
(®) chopper efficiency.
7) Show that for a basic de-de converter, the critical inductance of the circuit is given by
:
_WUe-h)
L
2f Vshe
where Vo, Vs, Po and f are the load voltage, source voltage, load power and chopping
frequency respectively.
8) In the continuous conduction mode of type-A chopper, show that per unit ripple in the load current is a
‘maximum when the duty cycle is equal to 0.5.
9) For an ideal type-A chopper feeding RLE load,
V,-E) 2 .
show that (a) the average input (or thyristor) current is given by Jy |, sh) 2G — Igy) 5 where
Fyoc and Inq are the final and the initial value of the load current respectively and ‘a * is the duty ratio. (b) For the chopper of part (a), derive an expression for the average current in case of a continuous load current
for the free-wheeling diode (FD).
(© Prove thatthe average value of load cuiment is Z,],,, =
R
10) For ‘type-A chopper, source voltage¥,=2207, chopping frequency f=500H2, Tyy =800us,
R=19, L=lmifand B=72 V.
(@) Find whether the load current is continuous or not,
(b) Calculate the values of average output voltage and average output current.
(©) Calculate the maximum and minimum values of steady state output current.
11) Ifa half-wave controlled rectifier has a purely resistive load * R’, then show that:
Single-
Prose
- Seno, Thyistor
[ om
Transformer
i) average load voltage (E4)=Fz[1+00s a]
mt
ii) rms load voltage (E,,,)= Ey [2+ gnzs
4
; where ‘ar’ is the firing angle, -
an 8
12) A single-phase half-wave controlled converter is operated from a 120 V, 50 Hz supply. Load r
1092. Ifthe average output voltage is 25 % of the maximum possible average output voltage, determine:
@) firing angle, (b) rms and average output current, (c) average and rms SCR current.
13) A de battery (,) is charged through a resistor ‘ R’ as shown below. Show that the average value of
1
charging current is given by Z, [2E,,cos(a,)-#,(7-2a,)], where *a," is given bya,
i
(The de source is replaced by an ac source of 230 V, 50 Hz. Find the value of average charging current when
R=5 Q, B,=150V.
(i) Find the power supplied to the battery and that dissipated in the resistor.
(iii) Calculate the supply power factor.
14) An RLE type load is operating in a chopper circuit from a 400 volts de source. For the load, L = 0.05 H and
~ R=0. Find the chopping frequency to limit the amplitude of load current excursion to 8 amps. 15) For a ‘3-p full-converter’ operating with resistive load (R), show that the rms output voltage for
continuous conduction mode is given by Ex,
1(# Viess2a) 3 where ‘ar’ is the firing angle
delay of the SCR.
16) The output current of a first quadrant chopper with R-Z~-Z, type load has the initial and final value of
Tay
(4 SS and i
RR) %al|R
Hoad current aS ‘Iya,’ and ‘Joga,’ respecti
ly. Show that i) Zonin =|
Jou »(Zt) -
ee Fp where the symbols have their usual meaning,
i, Chopper
17) A dc battery “E;" is charged through a resistor ‘R’ as shown in the figure given below. Derive an expression
for the average value of charging current ‘J,’ on the assumption that the SCR is fired continuously. Hence, find
the value of average charging current ‘/,? for R=8.Q, E=150V and for an ac source Voltage of 230 V, 50
Hz.
Be to] :
7,Sin(@ t)
18) Show thatthe performance of a “I—g fall-converter’as affected by the source inductance “Ls is given by
, ol,
the relation: cos (a+ p1) = cos(a)- iy; Where ‘J,’ is the constant dc side load current, ‘2° is the
commutation or overlap angle and * a ” is the firing angle delay of the SCR. 19) Show thatthe performance of a ‘3p full-ednvérter’ as affected by the soufce inductance * ZL." is given by
ols
the relation: Cos(a +) = cos(a)— Jos where ‘J,* is the constant de side load current, «1° is the
‘commutation or overlap angle and ‘ a * is the firing angle delay of the SCR.
20) Describe the working ofa ‘1-9 full-converter’ in the rectifier mode with RLE load. Illustrate your answer
with waveforms for source voltage, output voltage, output current, and voltage across one SCR. Assume
continuous conduction mode.
21) Discuss the principle of working of a 3- bridge inverter with an appropriate circuit diagram. Draw the
Phase and line voltage waveforms on the assumption that each SCR conducts for 180° and the resistive load is
Star connected. The sequence of firing of various SCR’s should also be indicated in the diagram.
22) What is a cyclo-converter? Describe the operating principle of a 1-9 to 1—@ step-up cyclo-converter with
the help of bridge type configuration, Ilustrate your answer with appropriate circuit and waveforms. The
conduction of various SCR’s should also be indicated in the diagram,
24) Draw the schematic circuit, the equivalent circuit for atleast three modes of conduction, waveforms of gate
pulses, phase voltages and line voltages of a three phase inverter with 120° conduction, List the merits and
demerits of this circuit compared to 180° conduction.
Hind the phase-nevtral and line-to-ine RMS output voltages for a three phase 120° conduction inverter having a
de input of 50 V with pure resistive load,
25) a) Draw the block diagrams and explain the principle of operation of the off-line and on-lite UPS,
5) What is the role of the common-mode choke in EMI suppression? Explain with the help ofa circuit diagram.
¢) Draw the basic circuit diagrams of common types of HF induction heaters and explain the operating,
principle.
26) a) Draw the schematic circuit and voltage waveforms ofa three phase to single phase eyclo-converter and
explain its operation, particularly how V/f control of a motor can be achieved,
4) Draw the schematic cieuit of a circulating current mode eyclo-converter and its operating waveforms.
©) What are the merits and demerits ofa eyclo-converter compared to a variable frequency ae motor drive.
27)8) Describe the operation ofa 3-© to 1-P eycloconverter using thyristors and with an output frequency 1/3"
of input frequency. Draw circuit diagram and waveforms
§) A buck chopper operating at $0 KHz from a24 V battery feeds a 10V, 500 W load, Calculate i) duty ratio ii)
on-time and iii) ofFtime of the switching device. Assuming a very low ripple riding a continuous current to
flow through the ‘L’ component on the dc link draw the output voltage and input current waveforms.
26 a) A boost converter has 2 supply voltage of 250V, while the output voltage is SOOVs If the period of
converter is 100 use, determine the conduction of the switch. Ifthe period is reduced to one third for constant
frequency operation, find the output voltage.
b) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the operation of CUK converter,
©) State the advantages of CUK converter over Buck-Boost converter.
27) Write short notes on:
4) Relative performances of BIT, MOSFET and IGBT as switches in power electronic circuits b) Comparison in
architecture and performance of SCR, TRIAC and GTO, ¢) V/f control in inverters, 4) HVDC transmission, e)
Series and parallel operation of SCRs, f) dildt, dv/dt protection of semiconductor switches and load line
Shaping» 8) Operation of single phase cycloconverter with R-load, h) Class D Commutation of SCR, ) Static
circait breaker j) UPS k) static VAR controller "ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
POWER ELECTRONICS
EE 603
Group C
The first figure in bracket indicates marks, the second figure indicates time in minutes,
1
2
3.
10.
ML.
12.
1B.
14,
15.
16.
17.
‘What do you understand by Power Electronics? Explain with an example. (2/3)
What are the main applications of Power Electronics? (3/5)
‘What are the basic building blocks of Power Electronics? Illustrate with one schematic
drawing. GA)
Explain with sketches the tum-on and turn-off time of a semiconductor switch, (3/3)
‘What are the losses in a semiconductor switch and what do they depend on? (3/3)
‘Why are power electronic switches mounted on heat sinks? Explain the principle of thermal
resistance and the governing equation for a semiconductor switch with a sketch. (5/5)
‘What is meant by dv/dt and di/dt protection ofa semi-conductor switch? Sketch the basic
protection circuits. (2/2)
‘What is meant by “AC link” and ‘DC link? in Power Electronic Converters? Explain with
sketches. (2/2)
Give an example of multiple conversions in Power Blectronies used in everyday life. (2/2)
Name few controlled turn-on and turn-off switch. What are the specification parameters for
such a switch? (3/3)
‘What type of controlled switch is an SCR? What ae its specification parametérs? (3/3)
‘What are the advantages and disadvantages of GTO compared to thyristor? (3/3)
‘What is meant by UJT? Where does it find application in industry? Draw a typical application
circuit of the UIT and its related waveforms. (10/10)
What are a TRIAC and a DIAC? Explain with V-I characteristies. Name a common
application of the TRIAC-DIAC pair with a schematic drawing. (10/10)
Why is continuous firing pulses needed for a thyristor? (2/2)
Explain latching current and holding current of the thyristor with the help of a V-1
characteristic curve. (3/3)
‘What ae the different methods to Tum-on and Tur-off the Thyristor. (3/3) 18.
19,
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32,
33.
‘What are thie relative merits and demerits ofa BIT, MOSFET atid IGBT as a semiconductor
switch? Present in a table fori. (5/5)
Why is a MOSFET referred as ‘voltage controlled’ and BJT as ‘current controlled’ device?
Whaat is the effect on performance due to this difference? (3/3)
‘What is meant by overdriving of a BJT? What are the associated problems? Explain with
waveforms. (5/10)
How are power diodes classified by performance and speed? (3/5)
How can one limit the diode reverse recovery currents without increasing the switching losses
in the switch? (2/2)
What are the typical semi-conductor switches used as choppers? How would one specify the
semi-conductor switch for a chopper? (3/3)
What is the advantage of using an IGBT in a chopper over a thyristor? (2/2)
Differentiate between converter grade and inverter grade thyristors with respect to their
application and turn-off time. (2/2)
What are the advantages of controlled rectification over uncontrolled rectification, particularly
in DC drives? (3/3) °
‘What are the advantages of single phase bridge converter over single phase mid-point
converter? (2/2)
Define the delay angle of phase-controlled rectifier. How is the de output voltage related to the
delay angle for a semi-controlled and full-controlled converter? (3/3)
Why 3- phase controlled converters are preferred over single phase converters? (2/2)
Draw sketches of single phase full and semi-controlled converters. Why does a semi-controlled
converter not need a free-wheeling diode? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using
full-controlled converters over semi-controlled converters? What would happen when one
switch in a converter becomes a) open circuit, and b) short-circuit? (10/10)
Differentiate between rectifier mode and inverter mode of a converter with waveforms for the
single phase type. (3/3)
‘What is meant by input power factor in controlled rectifier? (3/3)
Why is the power factor of semi-converter better than that of fall converter? (3/3) 34,
a
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43,
44,
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
7:
53.
54,
Explain with sketches the difference between freewheeling diode and energy feedback diode.
‘What is Chopper type which has diode only in a) freewheeling mode and b) in feedback mode?
(13)
What is the function of freewheeling diodes in controlled rectifier? (2/2)
Mention few applications of controlled rectifiers. (2/2)
Why are dual converters used? Sketch its single phase schematic circuit and Volt-Ampere
characteristic, Explain the role of the reactor and express the relation between the firing angles
of the two converters. (10/10)
‘What causes overlap in converters? Explain with sketches the angle of overlap. (3/3)
Sketch a six pulse converter? What are its advantages over a three pulse converter? (3/3)
What are the different firing circuits for thyristors? Give sketches for each type. Why is the
UST preferred in gate firing circuits? (10/10)
Sketch the power circuits of a step-up and a step down chopper together with their voltage
equations and current waveforms. What is the application of chopper? (5/5)
What are the different control strategies of chopper? What is meant by TRC? How can it be
different from PWM? (5/10)
Draw the schematic of Class E chopper and indicate the function of each switch and diode in a
table form for each quadrant of operation fora R_L_E load. (10/10)
What are the different classifications of inverter? nay
Why thyristors are not preferred for inverters? (212)
List the relative merits and demerits of CSI and VSI. 1 (2/2)
Draw the schematic circuit diagrams of a series and a parallel inverter. (515)
Name the advantages of using PWM in inverters. What are the associated disadvantages? (3/3)
Define the Performance parameters of an Inverter and determine the THD for a single phase
full bridge circuit. (5/5)
Explain with schematic diagrams and waveforms the difference between a Voltage Source and
Current Source Inverter with the example of single phase full bridge circuit, (10/15)
‘Name few applications of an inverter? (22)
‘Why diodes should be connected in antiparallel with the switches in inverter circuits? (2/2)
‘What is the condition to be satisfied in the selection of R, Land C in a series inverter? (2/2)
Give the reasons for voltage control in inverters. (2/2) 55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60,
61.
62,
63.
64,
65.
66.
61.
68.
69.
Name the methods of voltage control in inverters. en)
Name the disadvantage’ of the harmonics present in the inverter system? (22)
Explain’ the operation of a half bridge single phase inverter with the help of a schematic circuit
and waveforms for R-L load. Detive the expression for output rms voltage, fundamental rms
voltage and THD and the peak current for highly inductive load. Give the mathematical
consideration for the capacitors and the inductor for your analysis. . (15/15)
Draw the schematic circuit of a single phase McMurray inverter and explain the operation with
modes and waveforms. : (10/15)
Explain with the help of a scheinatic circuit and waveforms the operation ofa single PWM
single phase full wave bridge inverter with resistive load and derive the expression for rms
output voltage, rms of fundamental output voltage and THD. (orto)
Draw the basic power circuit, control scheme and gate pulse waveforms of a SPWM single
phase inverter. Indicate the Modulation Index, the carrier frequency, the modulating frequency
on the waveforms. How does SPWM reduce the harmonics in the output? (as/is)
Draw the circuits and explain the operation by mode diagrams and waveforms the principle of
Voltage, Current and Load Commutation of thyristor. - (15/15)
Make a comparison between voltage, current and load commutation in a table form. _(/10)
Draw the schematic circuit, mode diagrams and waveforms for gate pulse and output phase and
line voltages for a three phase inverter with 180° conduction and derive the expression for
output ms voltage, fundamental rms voltage and THD. (as/is)
Draw the schematic circuit, mode diagrams and waveforms for gate puise and output phase and
line voltages for a three phase inverter with 120° conduction and derive the expression for
output ms voltage, fundamental mms voltage and THD. (as/15)
Make a comparison of merits and demerits of 120° and 180° conduction modes for a three
phase inverter. (22)
Name few applications of ac voltage controllers. (22)
List the advantages and disadvantages of AC voltage controller over ON/OFF controller. (3/3)
Draw the schematic circuit ofa single phase bi-directional AC voltage controller and explain
the operation with waveforms and derive the expression for output rms voltage. (10/10)
Draw the schematic circuit of a single phase ON/OFF AC voltage controller and explain the
operation with waveforms and derive the expression for output rms voltage. am 70.
Ete
2.
B.
A.
15.
76.
71.
B.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84,
85.
86.
87.
Draw different schemes for single phase full wave AC voltage control. (272)
Draw the schematic circuit and wave forms for a single phase unidirectional AC voltage
regulator and derive the rms and average values of output voltage. (orto)
Draw the schematic cireuit and output voltage and current waveforms for a single phase bi-
directional AC voltage controller with R-L load and explain the need for multiple gating pulses
and the range of firing angle. (10/10)
Why is a cycloconverter called a direct frequency changer? (22)
Draw the schematic circuit of a single phase to single phase cycloconverter and explain with
waveforms the operation in step down and step up modes. (ass)
Draw the schematic circuit drawing of a three phase to three phase cycloconverter. (515)
Explain Blocked group and Circulating Current Mode operation of cycloconvérter mentioning
the merits and demerits of each type. (10/15)
‘What is meant by SMPS and why are they preferred over Linear Power Supplies? 2)
‘Name the basic active and passive components used in all topologies of SMPS. 22)
Draw the schematic circuits and waveforms and derive the output voltage equations for Buck,
Boost and Buck-boost Regulators. (s/s)
Draw the circuit of a Cuk converter and explain the operation by mode diagrams and
waveforms and derive the expression for output voltage. (10/10)
Draw the schematic circuit of a ZCS converter and explain the operation by mode diagrams
and waveforms assuming a constant output current. (15/15)
Draw the schematic circuit ofa ZVS converter and explain the operation by mode diagrams
and waveforms assuming a constant output current, (5/15)
Name the different types of UPS and draw schematic circuit diagrams to illustrate their
difference and list their relative merits and demerits. (10/10)
Name and draw the different schemes of speed control of D.C. motor. (515)
List the advantages of A.C. drives over D.C. drives. 3/3)
Suggest a few control circuits in power electronics where a microprocessor may be useful with
reasons as to how the microprocessor would improve the circuit performance. (ovis)
Explain the different methods of speed control of 3- phase induction motor with schematic
circuits and speed-torque curves. (15/15) 88, Draw and label the schematic diagram of a modem Variable Frequency Drive for a three phiase
‘AC induction motor. Name the power electronic switches at every stage. (10/10)
Numerical examples
i. Design an UIT trigger circuit for the given data (follow all standard notations, the charging
resistor to be taken as the geometric mean of its extreme values). .
V.=20 V, Ip=20 A, 1-20 mA, V,=2 V, Vu-0.5 V, n=0.5, £250 Hz, ty=100 pis.
You must determine R, C, Rai, Rez. (10 marks)
2. A buck converter has a de load 12 V and 5 A. The de input varies from 18 V to 30 V. Fora
frequency of 100 kHz find the values of inductance and capacitance in the circuit for a maximum
inductor peak to peak current ripple of 20% of output and maximum peak to peak load ripple
voltage 0.5% of load voltage. (10 marks)
3. The buck-converter in 2 uses a MOSFET of Rison 0.02 W, toi=50 ns, tog=100 ns and a
Schottky diode V0.1 V, tor=20 ns, tox=50 ns. Assuming a rectangular current, find the total
device losses as percent of output power for the minimum and maximum input conditions.
‘The MOSFET has Rj.=45 °C/W, Re=10 °C/W and the Diode has Rj=55 °C/W and Rej=5 °C/W.
Assuming an infinite heat sink (R.aW0 °C/W) find the max temperature rise for e&ch device. (15
marks)
4. ADC chopper operating from input 110 V has a series motor load emf 48 V, resistance 5 ohms
and inductance 2 milli-Henry. Find the peak and crest currents at duty cycle 0.75 for a chopping
frequency 2 kHz, What is the limiting duty cycle for continuous conduction. (15 marks)
5. A lead acid battery of 55 cells (nominal 110 V DC) is to be charged from 1.75 V/eell to
2.75 Vicell at 10 A DC. The net resistance in the charging circuit is 1 ohm and the voltage drop
across each rectifying element is 1.5 V. A single phase semi-controlled converter is used. Find
the range of the firing angle needed for an input of single phase 50 Hz 220 V +/- 10% AC. (15
marks) ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
POWER ELECTRONICS
EE 603
Group- D
The first figure in bracket indicates marks and the second figure time for answer.
1. Study the figure below for a three phase induction motor control circuit using IGBT and.
| Inductor
alsi |s3 ([s5
* b,
det lke ;
DC supply
=
‘The proper configuration for the solid state switches S1 to S6 is:
A 8 c
ae alc alc Ic
ot oh oft eh
The switches have been so numbered because:
A: the positive of the dc supply must be connected to odd-numbered switches
B: the negative of the supply must be connected to even numbered switches
seach switch remains on for one-sixth of the time period of the inverter
D: the switches must be turned on in the marked sequence with a delay of one-sixth of the
time period ofthe inverter. - (5/5)
2. In the figure below the transistor has hre=30 and negligible Ico. Find the collector current.
10/10
+12V (eee
15K. 2K2
Vie Vpe =
5V b= Vae=0.7 V
L Veesar’
3. Inthe voltage commuted chopper circuit shown below, find the maximum Iwcurrent
‘through the main thyristor M and I, through the auxiliary thyristor A. (5/5)
M. iIy
= tf
+>
aaa:
Zo rs
8
8 Nn Inductor ~
1mH
“dt 4. Power flows from system 1 to system 2 in a HVDC link as shown in figure below. If 1>0,, for
the indicated voltages Vas and Vco the correct condition is: (5/5)
A: Van>Veo?0 B: VaneVeo<0 C: Ven? Van? D: Veoe Vane
7 power Row =
EY ~ re
Hele 2B
8
< Rectifier Diverter & .
5. In the figure shown below the pole P of the single pole double throw ‘switch is alternately
connected to Aand B as shown. The circuit is the schematic representation of (5/5)
A; full-wave rectifier ialf-wave rectifier uck converter D: boost converter
Oo p Inductor
Lee
6. The figure below shows a composite switch comprising of an ideal BJT and an ideal diode.
‘The composite LV characteristics given by: (10/10)
ce ebb
7. Draw the schematic circuit ofa single phase fullcontrolled thyristor converter with L-R load.
For continuous conduction, find the output de voltage for a fring angle n/3 ifthe maximum
dc output voltage is 300 V. (5/5)
8, The diode in the circuit below has negligible reverse current and the forward characteristic is
defined as: 050 10k
tr _—
—
Find the average and RMS values of the voltage Vou. (10/10)
9. Inthe circuit shown with the waveforms of voltage and current, indicate the component
between aand b. (5/5)
«
piime
| tine
ii) W)
ay? aypPayb a? .
10, The SCRis a semi-controlled switch because
i) IReanbe turned OFF and not ON by agate pulse
ji) Itean conduct only during one half-cyce of an alternating voltage wave
ii) feean be turned ON and not OFF bya gate pulse
iv) Itean be turned ON only during half-cycle of an alternating voltage wave
current voltage 11, Considering ari ideal'diode, the current in the circuit shown is given by:
ng
we): |sin3aé|
a Ween ross evo H
ii) \()=Isin628t|
iv) ltjssin314t for Octen/314 and I(t}+0 for n/314
