CEL – 701: CONSTRUCTION PLANNING & MANAGEMENT

TUTORIAL SHEET 1

1. For the construction of a clinic, the following activities are to be performed :

Activities Duration (Weeks)

P 1
Q 3
R 1
S 3
T 5
U 3
Y 4
W 3
Activities P and Q can be performed in parallel ; activities R & S cannot start until P is complete; T cannot start
until half the work of activity R is complete; activity U can start only after activity S is complete. Activity N
succeeds activity R and activity W which is the last activity succeeds T.

(i) Draw the bar chart. (ii) What is the total completion time of the Project?

2. A project network has five paths –P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5. The total activity duration computed along each of these
paths are – 22,31,20,30 and 19 days, respectively. What is the minimum duration for project completion?

3. The following information applies to a particular project

 EVENT 0 is the initial event
 EVENT 1 is preceded by event 0
 EVENT 3 is preceded by event 1
 EVENT 4 is preceded by event 1
 EVENT 2 is preceded by event 1
 EVENT 3 is preceded by event 2 and 1
 EVENT 4 is preceded by event 3 and 1
 EVENT 5 is preceded by event 4

Draw the arrow diagram for this project.\

4. A new product is to be released on a deadline for which 25 days are left. The remaining activities in product
launch with their interdependencies the expected average times and the standard deviations are given in table
below. Draw a project network and find the probability of completing the project in time.

Activity Preceding Expected Standard

activities duration deviation
A - 6 1.5
B - 3 0.5
C A 5 1
D A 4 0.5
E A 3 0.5
F C 3 0.5
G D 5 1
H B,E,D 5 2
I H 2 0.5
J I,G,F 3 1.5
5. For the data given in table, find the (a) critical path and earliest time to complete the project, and (b) early and late
start. Early and late finish, total float and free float for all activities.

Activity Preceding activities Duration

A - 3
B A 4
C A 6
D B 4
E B,C 5
F B,C 5
G D 3
H F 8
I F 9
J E 7
K G,I 6
L H,J 5
 TUTORIAL SHEET 2

1. The Early occurrence time and the late occurrence time of the starting event of an activity are 10 and 12,
respectively. The early occurrence time and the late occurrence time of the finishing event of the same activity are
22 and 26, respectively. If the estimated duration for the activity is 10 time units, what is the total float available
for the activity?

2. A target date of completion is to be forecast based on the following information:

ITEM A Takes 7 weeks for completion

ITEM B Takes 5 weeks
ITEM C Depends on the completion of both A and B
and requires 3 weeks
ITEM D Follow up of item C and requires 2 weeks
Prepare a Gantt chart for scheduling the completion date.

3. For the various activities in the project stated in above problem, the expected times are

Activities 0-1 1-3 1-2 2-3 1-4 3-4 4-5

Duration
3 15 6 8 10 5 3
(Weeks)
If the scheduled completion date is equal to the earliest expected time T E for the end event, calculate the slack
time for each event and identify the critical path.

4. A construction company has been awarded a contract to construct a flyover in a city with a completion period of
18 months. The major activities in the project and the relationship among them, the normal and crash durations,
and the corresponding normal and crash are given below:

Activity Predecessor Normal Crash Normal cost Crash cost

duration duration (in thousands) (in thousands)
A - 6 4 24 34
B - 4 3 12 22
C A 5 3 20 28
D A 7 4 29 47
E B 6 5 26 34
F B 8 5 34 52
G C,E 10 6 27 47
H D,F 9 7 34 48

If the project attracts a penalty of Rs 10000 per month for project completion beyond 18 months, find out the total
project cost including penalty if the company does not crash any activity.

5. For the following project, state the problem in terms of events and draw the event oriented networks:
Conducting an examination

Design questionnaire 7 days

Print question paper 2 days
Distribute to various centers 4 days
Answer questionnaire 1 day
Collect answer books at main office 4 days
 TUTORIAL SHEET 3

1. Draw the network for the data given in table, pertaining to a small construction project. Compute the event times
for all the activities. Find out the critical path. Also, calculate three floats for the non critical activities.

Activities Duration (Weeks) Depends upon

A 4 -
B 2 A
C 2 A,B,F
D 2 C,L
E 6 D,G,H
F 2 A
G 2 F
H 3 G,L
K 5 A
L 3 F,K

2. In a carpentry shop, a conference table is planned to be made. The activities and their durations are :

1 Make preliminary sketches and tracings 1 day

2 Make ammonia prints from tracings 1 day
3 Make the legs 3 day
4 Plane the table top 2 day
5 Join the legs to table top 2 day
6 Polish and vanish 2 day
Activity 2 follows act 1, activity 3 and 4 can be concurrent; activity 5 must follow activity 3 and 4; activity 6
follows 5.
Prepare a bar chart and calculate the completion time.

3. The average time for project completion using PERT method is 32 weeks, with a standard deviation of the longest
path being 4 weeks.
Find (a) Probability of completing the project in 32 weeks (b) probability of completing the project in 36 weeks

4. The following information applies to a particular project

 EVENT 0 is the initial event
 EVENT 1 is preceded by event 0
 EVENT 3 is preceded by event 1
 EVENT 4 is preceded by event 1
 EVENT 2 is preceded by event 1
 EVENT 3 is preceded by event 2 and 1
 EVENT 4 is preceded by event 3 and 1
 EVENT 5 is preceded by event 4
For the various activities in the project stated above, the expected times are:

Activities Duration (Weeks)

0-1 3
1-3 15
1-2 6
 2-3 8
1-4 10
3-4 5
4-5 3
If the scheduled completion date is equal to the earliest expected time foe the end event, calculate the slack time for each
event and identify the critical path.

5. A construction company has been awarded a contract to construct a flyover in a city with a completion period of
18 months. The major activities in the project and the relationship among them, the normal and crash durations,
and the corresponding normal and crash are given below:

Activity Predecessor Normal Crash Normal cost Crash cost

duration duration (in thousands) (in thousands)
A - 6 4 24 34
B - 4 3 12 22
C A 5 3 20 28
D A 7 4 29 47
E B 6 5 26 34
F B 8 5 34 52
G C,E 10 6 27 47
H D,F 9 7 34 48

Which of the activities should be crashed first in order to reduce the penalty payable and reduce the total cost?
 TUTORIAL SHEET 4

1. A project consists of 8 events having predecessor relationships as given below. Draw a network.

Activities A B C D E F G H
Immediate
- A A B,C C,D C,E F D,G
predecessor

2. In a building project the following activities are to be carried out before starting the construction:

Activit Type of work completion time(weeks)

y
A Site selection & survey 5
B Design 7
C Preparation of drawings 3
D Preparing specifications & tender documents 2
E Tendering 5
F Selection of contractor 1
G Award of contract 1
Prepare a bar chart and find the completion time for awarding the contract.

3. A construction company engaged in undertaking small projects has recently been awarded a project has been
awarded a project. The project activities and the estimated time for their completion are listed in table below
along with the required information.
(a) Construct a network for the project
(b) Determine the critical path and the project completion time/

DAYS IMMEDIATE
ACTIVITY
TO Tm Tp PREDECESSOR
A 8 10 12 -
B 6 7 9 -
C 3 3 4 -
D 10 20 30 A
E 6 7 8 C
F 9 10 11 B,D,E
G 6 4 10 B,D,E
H 14 15 16 F
I 10 11 13 F
J 6 7 8 G
K 4 7 8 I,H
L 1 2 4 G,H

4. The mean time for project completion using PERT method of time estimation is 25 weeks with a standard
deviation of 3 weeks. What is the duration beyond which the project completion is not likely to extend?
5. The details of activities for a small project are given in table below. If the indirect cost for the project is Rs.
11.5lakh per week then what is the minimum time in which the project can be completed considering maximum
possible crashing.

Activity Normal Crash Normal cost Crash cost

duration duration (in Rs. lakh) (in Rs. lakh)
 1,2 6 3 40 70
1,3 5 3 30 52
2,4 2 3 60 84
3,4 10 6 70 98
2,5 3 2 45 63
4,5 4 2 26 50

TUTORIAL SHEET 5

1. The Network for a certain project is shown in figure below. The estimated time for each activity is given along
with the figure. Compute the event times, activity times, total float in activity and determine the critical path in
the network. Also determine free float & independent float.

2. The following project is to be represented by a bar chart. The duration for each activity is in days. These are the
actual work days. The project commences with a five work days a week. Draw the bar chart with the horizontal
scale denoting calendar dates.

Activity 1 8 days
Activity 2 4 days
Activity 3 7 days
Activity 4 9 days
Activity 5 3 days
Activity 6 3 days
Activity 7 14 days
Activity 8 17 days
Activities 1 and 2 can occur concurrently. Activity 3 can take place after activity 2 is completed. Activities 4, 6,
and 3 can occur concurrently. Activity 8 can start 4 days after the commencement of activity 6. Activity 7 should
follow activity 5. Activity 5 begins concurrently with activity 8.
3. precedence requirements, normal and crash activity times, and normal and crash cost for a construction project are
given in table below:

Activity Predecessor Normal Crash Normal cost Crash cost

duration(weeks Duration(weeks) (in Rs. lakh) (in Rs. lakh)
)
A - 4 2 10 11
B A 3 2 6 9
C A 2 1 4 6
D B 5 3 14 18
E B,C 1 1 9 9
F C 3 2 7 8
G E,F 4 2 13 25
H D,E 4 1 12 18
Find the critical path and time for completion under normal working conditions.
4. A critical activity in a project is estimated to need 15 days to complete at a cost of Rs. 15000. The activity can be
expedited to complete in 12 days by spending a total amount of Rs. 27000. If the indirect costs of the project are
Rs 3000per day. Is it economically advisable to complete the activity early by crashing?
5. A stretch of 60 Km forming part of a national highway is to be laid out. Prepare a job layout for carrying out this
scheme.

TUTORIAL SHEET 6

1. Prepare a network for a construction project with 12 activities. The precedence relationships are as follows:
 A & B can be performed in parallel
 A must be performed before C,D&E
 F cannot be started until D is finished
 G follows C&D
 F must be finished before H & I can be started
 E&H precedes J
 G&I precedes K
 L depends on J&K being complete.
2. A construction company project consists of 12 activities. The predecessor relationships are identified by their
node numbers. Draw the network diagram.

Activity Identity Activity Identity

A (1,2) G (4,6)
B (2,4) H (5,6)
C (2,3) I (5,7)
D (2,7) J (7,8)
E (3,4) K (6,8)
F (3,5) L (8,9)

3. For the following CPM network, calculate all activity times and all float in a tabular form & also determine the
critical path & project duration.

4. The early occurrence time and late occurrence time of the starting event of an activity are 10 & 12, respectively.
The early occurrence time and the late occurrence time of the finishing event of the same activity are 22 & 26,
respectively. If the estimated duration for the activity is 10 time units, what is the total float available for the
activity?
5. precedence requirements, normal and crash activity times, and normal and crash cost for a construction project are
given in table below:
 Activity Predecessor Normal Crash Normal cost Crash cost
duration(weeks Duration(weeks) (in Rs. lakh) (in Rs. lakh)
)
A - 4 2 10 11
B A 3 2 6 9
C A 2 1 4 6
D B 5 3 14 18
E B,C 1 1 9 9
F C 3 2 7 8
G E,F 4 2 13 25
H D,E 4 1 12 18
Find the optimum duration for the project to minimize the total project cost. what is the total project cost for the
optimum duration?
TUTORIAL SHEET 7

1. For the construction of a hostel block, a foundation stone laying ceremony is to be organized. List the various
activities and develop a network.

2. For the activity given in table below, find the expected time for completion of project with 84.1% probability

Activity Estimated activity duration

TO Tm Tp
(1,2) 3 6 15
(1,6) 2 5 14
(2,3) 6 12 30
(2,4) 2 5 8
(3,5) 5 11 17
(4,5) 3 6 15
(6,7) 3 9 27
(5,8) 1 4 7
(7,8) 4 19 28

3. The details of activities for a small project are given in table below. If the indirect cost for the project is Rs.
11.5lakh per week then what would be the total project cost if the schedule is crashed to the maximum?

Activity Normal Crash Normal cost Crash cost

duration duration (in Rs. lakh) (in Rs. lakh)
1,2 6 3 40 70
1,3 5 3 30 52
2,4 2 3 60 84
3,4 10 6 70 98
2,5 3 2 45 63
4,5 4 2 26 50

4. Prepare a CPM network from the list of operations and time for each operation. Prepare a table giving earliest
start, earliest finish, latest start, latest finish times and total float for each operation. Mark on the diagram the
critical path and also the minimum time required for the completion of project.

Activity A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
Duration (weeks) 3 5 4 7 6 11 6 4 3 6 5 7 5 3 2
 Activity Precedes - A A B B C D E,F C G H,I I J K L
which succeeds B,C D,E F,I G H H J K K,L M N O - - -

5. The following table gives the activities in a construction project and other relevant information

Activities 1-2 1-3 2-3 2-4 3-4 4-5

Duration
20 25 10 12 6 10
(weeks)

Draw the network for the project. Find the critical path.

TUTORIAL SHEET 8

1. The time estimates for three activities A, B & C are as follows:

Activity Optimistic Time Most Likely Time Pessimistic Time
A 10 12 14
B 6 8 12
C 5 10 12
Determine expected time & variance for each activity. Which activity has more reliable time estimate?

2. Draw the network for the data given in table, pertaining to a small construction project. Compute the event times
for all the activities. Find out the critical path. Also, calculate three floats for the non critical activities.

Activity Duration(in Depends upon

weeks)
A 4 -
B 2 A
C 2 A,B,F,
D 2 C,L
E 6 D,G,H
F 2 A
G 2 F
H 3 G,L
K 5 A
L 3 F,K

3. The details of a network are given below where the durations are in days

Activity to tm tp
1-2 2 5 8
1-3 1 4 7
2-3 0 0 0
2-4 2 4 6
2-6 5 7 12
3-4 3 5 10
3-5 3 6 9
4-5 4 6 10
4-6 2 5 8
 5-6 2 4 6
Find the probability of completing the project within 23 days. Also find the critical path

4. The following data are given regarding the activities, their duration and costs for a particular project. the indirect
cost is 3500 per month. Determine the optimum cost and the duration for the project.

Activity Normal Crash Normal cost Crash cost

duration duration (in Rs. lakh) (in Rs. lakh)
0-1 4 18000 3 25500
0-2 8 15000 5 19500
1-2 6 17000 4 19000
1-3 9 19000 7 26000
2-3 5 16000 3 22000

5. Using the activities and durations listed in the following table, construct the network. Calculate the project
duration and prepare a table showing the total float and the non critical activities

Activity Duration(in days)

Order material for frame work 1
Await delivery of material 2
Set up tool to fabricate frame 4
Fabricate frame 3
Test frame for strength 1
Obtain precut cladding panel from the store 10
Fix panel on frame 2
Prepare the final complete assembly 1
 TUTORIAL SHEET 9

1. A small project consists of 7 activities. The three time estimates(in weeks) of different activities are given below
Activity 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-5 3-5 4-6 5-6
to 1 1 2 1 2 2 3
tm 1 4 2 1 5 5 6
tp 7 7 78 1 14 8 15

Find the critical path. What is the expected project length?

2. The network for a certain project is shown below. Determine the expected time for each path. Which path is
critical?

3. A management student identifies following list of activities and sequencing requirement along with the time
estimates for various activities related to completion of his project work.
Activity Immediate Activity times(days)
predecessors Optimistic Likely Pessimistic

A - 6 12 18
B - 4 8 24
C B 2 3 10
D C 2 4 6
E A,D 3 6 9
F E 1 2 3
G A,D 9 10 23
H E 4 10 16
I G,H 8 11 20
J I 3 5 13
 K I,F 4 7 16
L J,K 4 6 8
M L 1 2 3
With the help of an arrow diagram, determine the minimum time required to complete the project. identify critical path
and duration of the project.

4. A network for a construction project is as given below:

Determine the slack, critical path & its standard deviation, probability of completing the project within 38 weeks &
time duration required to complete the project with a probability of 98%.

5. The following data pertains to a project:

Normal Duration Normal Cost Crash Duration Crash Cost
Activity
(Days) (Rs.) (Days) (Rs.)
1–2 9 8000 7 10500
1–3 5 5000 3 8000
2–3 7 7000 5 9000
2–4 8 6000 6 7000
3–4 6 9000 4 12000

The Indirect Cost of the project is Rs. 1500 per day. Draw the time scaled version of network. Determine the Optimum
Cost & Optimum Duration of project. Also draw the Least Cost Network and Cost Curve for the project
 TUTORIAL SHEET 10

1. A network for a construction project is as given below:

Determine the slack, critical path & its standard deviation, probability of completing the project within 38 weeks
& time duration required to complete the project with a probability of 98%.

2. A small project consists of 7 activities. The three time estimates(in weeks) of different activities are given below

Activity 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-5 3-5 4-6 5-6

to 1 1 2 1 2 2 3
tm 1 4 2 1 5 5 6
tp 7 7 78 1 14 8 15
What is the probability of not completing the project within 18 weeks?

3. A construction company engaged in undertaking small projects has recently been awarded a project has been
awarded a project. The project activities and the estimated time for their completion are listed in table below
along with the required information.
(a)What is the probability of completing the project if T s equals to TL of last event?
(b) Determine the time interval within which the probability of completion of the project will be 90 %

ACTIVITY DAYS IMMEDIATE

 TO Tm Tp PREDECESSOR
A 8 10 12 -
B 6 7 9 -
C 3 3 4 -
D 10 20 30 A
E 6 7 8 C
F 9 10 11 B,D,E
G 6 4 10 B,D,E
H 14 15 16 F
I 10 11 13 F
J 6 7 8 G
K 4 7 8 I,H
L 1 2 4 G,H

4. The following table gives the data for the duration and costs of each activity of a project network. The indirect
cost of the project is Rs. 3000 per week. Determine the optimum duration of the project.

Activity Normal Normal cost Crash Crash cost

duration (In Rs.) Duration (In Rs.)
(weeks) (weeks)
1-2 6 7000 3 14500
1-3 8 4000 5 8500
2-3 4 6000 1 9000
2-4 5 8000 3 15000
3-4 5 5000 3 11000

5. With the data from the question 4 table determine the optimum cost of the project. And Draw the time
scaled version of the network.