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Timber - Example Problems

1. A 30,000 lb end reaction on a 6x12 Douglas fir beam results in a vertical shear stress of 708 psi, which is less than the allowable 900 psi, so the beam is safe in vertical shear. 2. The same beam has a horizontal shear stress of 109 psi due to a 30,000 lb end reaction on a 12'-6" span, which exceeds the allowable 95 psi, so the beam is not safe in horizontal shear. 3. A 16'-0" span of an unseasoned No. 2 grade Douglas fir beam can support a 3,600 lb uniform load with a 4x12 cross section as the most economical choice. [SUMMARY

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Calvin Chavez III
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99 views

Timber - Example Problems

1. A 30,000 lb end reaction on a 6x12 Douglas fir beam results in a vertical shear stress of 708 psi, which is less than the allowable 900 psi, so the beam is safe in vertical shear. 2. The same beam has a horizontal shear stress of 109 psi due to a 30,000 lb end reaction on a 12'-6" span, which exceeds the allowable 95 psi, so the beam is not safe in horizontal shear. 3. A 16'-0" span of an unseasoned No. 2 grade Douglas fir beam can support a 3,600 lb uniform load with a 4x12 cross section as the most economical choice. [SUMMARY

Uploaded by

Calvin Chavez III
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLE PROBLEMS

1. VERTICAL SHEAR
If a symmetrically loaded construction grade 6¿12 in. nom. Douglas fir
Larch beam has a maximum end reaction of 30,000 lb, what is its unit
stress in vertical shear? Is the beam safe?
Rectangular sections: kVv = 0.67 fv b d
Vv = end reaction (total vertical shear), lb. V=30,000 lb.
fv = max. unit stress in vertical shear for species and grade of
wood, ? lb/in 2 . From Table 3-10, fv for const. D.F.Larch=900 lb/in2 .
b = minimum width or diameter of vertical shear plane, in. From Table 3-
11, actual width of 6 in. nom. timber=5.5 in.
d = min. depth of vert. shear plane, in. This includes notches. From Table
3-11, actual depth of 12 in. nom. timber=11.5 in.
30,000 = 0.67 fv x 5.5 x 11.5 … fv = 708 lb/in 2
708 ² fv = 900 OK
2. HORIZONTAL SHEAR
Example . If a uniformly loaded 6¿12 in. nom. construction grade
Douglas fir Larch beam has an end reaction of 30,000 lb. and is 12'-6" long,
what is its unit stress in horizontal shear? Is the beam safe?
Rectangular sections: Vh = 0.5 fh b Lh

Vh = vertical shear end reaction, lb. Vh =30,000 lb.


fh = max. unit stress in horizontal shear for species and grade of wood, ?
lb/in 2 . From Table 3-10, fh for const. D.F. Larch=95 lb/in 2 .
b = width or diagonal of horizontal shear plane, in. Nom. beam width=5.5
in.
Lh = length of horizontal shear plane, in. In symmetrically loaded beams,
Lh =0.5 L. 0.5 L=0.5 x 12'-6"=75 in.
30,000 = 0.67x fh x 5.5 x 75 … fh = 109 lb/in 2
109 not ² fv = 95 NG
3. DESIGN OF BEAM – MOMENT
Example 1. What is the maximum bending moment for a beam of
unseasoned No. 2 grade Douglas fir South if its span is 16'-0" and it
supports 3,600 lb? What is the beam’s optimal width and depth?

Step 1. Find the beam’s maximum moment, then its section modulus.

M?= Mmax = fb Sx
M?= applicable moment formula from Table 3-5. For uniform load, single
span, supports free (assumed), use Mmax = 0.125 W L.
Mmax =maximum moment of applied load, ? in-lb
W = weight of uniform load, if any, lb. W=3,600 lb.
P = weight of each point load, if any, lb. Not applicable.
L = length of span, in. 16'-0“x12 in/ft=192 in.
fb = safe unit stress in bending for species and grade of wood, lb/in 2 .
From Table 3-10, fb for Douglas fir South=1,150 lb/in 2 x 1.38 for No.
2 grade x 0.85 for unseasoned (seasoned in place). fb
=1,150 x 1.38 x 0.85=1,350 lb/in . 2

Sx = section modulus of beam section, ? in 3

(two equations, two unknowns: first find Mmax , then Sx


)
• Mmax = 0.125 WL = 0.125 x 3,600 x 192 = 86,400 in-
lb
• Mmax = fb Sx . . . 86,400 = 1,350 Sx
Sx = 64.0 in 3

Step 2. From Table 3-11 select the section moduli of standard lumber sizes
that³64.0 in 3 , then list their sectional areas. The beam with the smallest
area is the economical section.
Nom. size, in¿in. Section modulus, in 3 C-S area, in 2
4x12 ...................................... 73.8 .................. 39.4 ... ½
6x10 ..................................... 82.7 .................. 52.3
8x8 ....................................... 70.3 .................. 56.3
Economical section is 4x12
Example 2. What is the maximum bending moment of a 10¿12 in. nom.
Douglas fir Larch beam of 20'-0" span if it supports a dead load of 60 lb/lf
and a live load of 3 uniformly spaced point loads of 1,600 lb each? What is
the beam’s maximum unit stress? Is it safe?

Step 1. Divide the total load into parts whose formulas are found
in Table 3-5. This method is valid only if Mmax occurs at the same
point of the span for each load.

Mmax = M?1 +M?2 +… M?n


M?1 = applicable moment formula for partial load 1, from Table 3-5. As
dead load is uniform load, simple span, supports free, use M?1 = 0.125 W
L.
M?2 = applicable moment formula for partial load 1. As live load is 2
symmetrical point loads, simple span, supports free, use M?2 = 0.333
P L.
Mmax = 0.125 W L+0.333 P L

Mmax = maximum moment of beam, ? in/lb


W = uniform load on beam, 60 lb/lf¿20.0 ft=1,200 lb
P = weight of each equal point load on span, 1,600 lb
L = length of span, 20.0 ft¿12=240 in.
Mmax = 0.125 x 1,200 x 240+0.500 x 1,600 x 240 = 228,000 ft-
lb
Step 2. Find the beam’s maximum unit stress.
M? = Mmax = fb Sx
Mmax = maximum moment of beam, from Step 1, 228,000 in/lb
fb = max. unit stress in bending for species and grade of wood, ft-lb.
From Table 3-10, fb for construction grade (standard) Douglas fir
Larch=1,200 ft-lb/in 2 .
S = section modulus of beam section, in 3 . From Table 3-11, S for
10x12 in. nom. section=209 in 3 .

228,000  1,200 x 209 … 228,000  251,000 OK

4. DEFLECTION

What is the maximum deflection of a 4X10 Douglas fir Larch beam with a
uniform load of 180 lb/lf on a 16’-0” span? If the beam’s underside is a
plaster ceiling, is the deflection allowable?
Step 1. Compute the beam’s maximum deflection.
Dmax = D?  kd L
Dmax = maximum deflection due to applied load, ? in.
D = applicable deflection formula from Table 3-5. For uniform load, single
span, supports free, use Dmax =0.0130 WL 3 /E I.
W = total weight of any uniform load, lb. 180 lb/lf¿18.0 ft=3,240 lb.
L = length of span, in. 16 ft x12 in/ft=192 in.
E = modulus of elasticity for species and grade of wood. From Table 3-10, E
for Douglas fir Larch=1,500,000.
I = moment of inertia of beam section, in4 . From Table 3-11, I for 4x10 in.
nom. section=231 in4 .
kd = coefficient of allowable deflection. From Table 3-7, kd for beam with
plaster ceiling on underside=0.00278.
Dmax = 0.0130x3,240x192 3 /1,500,000x231² 0.00278x192
0.862 in.²  0.534 in. NG

5. BEARING AREA

If a 6X10 girder of construction grade Southern pine has an end reaction of 3,340 lb, what is
the required length and width of its bearing area at this support?

P = ba bb fc sin 
P = total end reaction, 3,340 lb
ba = breadth or width of beam above bearing area, in. From Table 3-11,
width for 6¿10 in. nom. section=5.5 in.
bb = width of support below bearing area, ? in. b²3.5 in.
fc = safe stress in compression ú to grain for species and grade of wood,
lb/in 2 . From Table 3-10, fc for Southern pine, construction
grade=405¿1.00=405 lb/in 2 .
 = angle of intersection between beam and support. As most such
intersections are 90°, assume  =90°  sin 90°=1.00.
3,340 = 405 x 5.5 x bb x 1.00 … bb = 1.50 in.  3.50 in.

6. LATERAL SUPPORT

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