THE MALAVIKAGNIMITRA. A SANSERIT PLAY BY KALIDASA. LITERALLY TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE BY G H. TAWNEY, M.A, PEACIFAL, PEESIDEXCY COLLEGE, CALCTITA. SECOND EDITION. Adapted to the Second Edinon of the Sanskrit Tert by Sharlar Pandurang Pandit, U 4. CALCUTTA- THACE ER, SPINE AND CO. Publishres ty the Calmatta Crwaers ty. 189%CALCUTTA FRINTED BY THACKER, SPINK AND 00PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION ——— E wave received so many appheations for copies of my translation of the Malarkagnimitra that I have at last juade up my mind te repoblish if I bare based the present edition on the text of Shankar Pandarasg Pandit’s second edition, and I have almost invariably followed Ins explanations I desire here to acknowledge generally my obligations to hisnotes Latso take this opportumty of thankfolly acknowledging Ins eourtesy in sending me advance copies of the text and notes of his second edition I have also referred oecasionally to the elaborate edition of Friederich Bollensen (Levpaig, 1879) Of course, the present edition of thy translation, like the former, 3s strictly an stim bronun, and I shall be quite satisfied, if I find that 1t kas contributed ta Iighten the labours of some of the students of our Indian Uarversities Caleutta, August £892PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. Tne following translation 1s mtended for the use of per- sons beginning the study of Sanskrit literature The admirable edition of this play by Shankar Pandit, MA, forming No WI of the Bombay Sanskrit Series, wil hardly meet the needs of the tro Professor Weber's German translation was made from a fanlty text, and it 18 possible that many who take wp the stedy of San- akrit may not be familar with German There seems therefore to be an opening for an English translation tuffictently literal to assist beginners im unravelling the difficnlties of the Sansknt text The namber of students who master the rudiments of Sanskrit 3 in~ creasing every day A knowledge of the grammar of this lingnage 19 indispensable to the student of Com parative Philology, and whatever may be thought of the abstract merits of Sanskrit literature, 1 must always have ats value for Cnglishmen who have chosen an Tndinn career, as throming a fleod of light upon the social customs and modes of thought of the more enl- tivated elnsses of modern Hindu society, The Mulavil igmmitra fornishes us with a vivid pie- ture of a native court in the most founshing period of Indian history, probably abont the third century after Chst An attempt was indeed made by tha Jata Pro. fessor Wilson to ehow that the play could not have heen writen before the tenth or elerenth centnry, and was therefore not the work of the great Kaludsa, ThsFREFICE. wit otjections, which rest solely upon internal erwence,! hare been folly refuted by Weber, whose arguments are re- prodnced in Shankar Pandit’s edstion, and fortified with some additional proofs So fer from the aaternal ev dence bemg azainst the traditional belef that the play ig the work of the great Kalidasa, a great many coin- evdences of style and thought between this and the other ‘vorks attributed to him are pointed ont by the abare~ mentioned scholars. Indeed, Wilson in Ina account of the play sapples as with some arguments in favour of is antiqnity, though he fiaally decides against it I caufess ib seems to me difficalt to understand how a critic who places Dharabhuti in the erghth centarr, can have acaigned go fate 9 date to the Malarrkiguimitra, With reference to Bharabhit:, Wilson observes? —“ The date “thas given ta the compositions of Bhavabhutr 1s quite “in accordance with (heat internal evidence, Tho man- ‘ners are purely Hindoo, withont any foreign admix- ‘tore, The appetrance of ttomen of rank an public, and their exemption from any personal restraint in “their own habitations, are very ancomipatible with the ‘“‘yresence of Makornetan ralere The licensed existence of Banddha ascetus, their access to the great, and “there employment as teachers of ecrenee, are other * peenhiantied characteristic of an early date, which the “ worslap of (ivain hrs terrific forms, and the preralence of the practices of the Vogs, are indications of a similar ten fener,” ' There ie not the entice meln'y in the verve hor Facey tn the thomch's—WUaos Mads Theatre, Vol LIL, p Sit ff n too Theatre Sol, IFTul PREFACE Now, st ia currous that m the Milavikdgaimitra we find a female Buddhist ascetic held im great honour, who speaks Sanshut, and not Prikret (the ordinary dialect of women in the Indian plays, even of queens}, 33 apparently ac- quainted with the theory and practice of medreme, and 1s usnaliy addressed ag “learned” or “reverend ” Jt as indeed on objection to the historical truth of the play that Pushpamitra was according to Buddlust accounts azenlons perseentor of Buddhists Batit does not follow that his son Agnmimitra was hostile to the Boddhists; indeed, he may haye quarrelled with his father upon this very ground (see the expression eigataroshackerasd p 107, line 11, of the Bombay edition,?) besides, it 1s not necessary to onr position to suppose that the author possessed accurate information with respect to the his- tory of the kings of the Gang. dynasty, which Honrished so long before the date assigned by modera scholars to the great Kalidasa (iva 13 invoked m the Nilav:kagnimtra, though we have no trace of the bloody worship of his consort Kah, of which we read m the works of Bhtrabtity, and which 18 generally believed to be of comparatively modern origin Ag for the diction of our play itis free from the long and involved compounds and ' dark eon+ ceits” which puzzle the student of Diacabhut’s works, and is throughout fresher and more natural thar the style of that poet Those who are not convinced by the argnments of *Tiis fea conjecture of mp awn Shankar Pandes enppores fe msy bare been angry becouse bi son was sent to guard the horee.x PREPACE, " After the death of lus father, Sampnd: must have “declared himself independent, and a struggle pro- “ably arose between the three brothers, in whieh Jaloka wad victoriots, and obtained the greater part “of Ina father’s kingdom Suyacts secured the eust- © ern, Sampadi the sotth»western portion. He probably “ transferred the seat of his sovereignty to Videed, ab “any tate this city appears ag the capital of the suc- ceeding dynasty of Gunga kings “ We possess come information about Poshpamitrat “ the founder of this dynasty in n Buddhist work, ond “alse in the drama Matavikigariuttra, The Prranas “only inform ug that he was the generat of the Inst © Maarga Bribidratha, whom he deprived of his throue “ond his life In the Bnidhist work we are told that * he was the fast of the Mauryas, and that bus predeces- "sor was ¢alled Pushyidharman The first statement is of eotrse a mistake, the second may be supposed "€to be correct, as the name conld searcely have been ‘imvented According to the drama the capital of hia son Agnimitra was Vidict, so we are perhaps justified “On supposmg that he was originally in the servica of “Paoshyadharman, and that after usurping his throne, “he depuved the king of Magadha of Ins sovereignty. The fact that in another account, which wa shall proceed to lay before our readers, he 1a represented as “reigning at Pataliputra need not surprige us, aa in this aceount heis supponed to belong to the Maurya dynasty ‘According to Ble Fleet who quotes Professor Weber a3 agrecing with bim the name should, be spelled Poshyamitra See Corpus Insenptionum Indigainm,’ Vol TI], p bon 1891Eu PREFACE & means of making himself famous, and applied to @ * Hindu purohita, who recommended Lim to supprest Bod- “dhism by force The King adopted the suggestion, and ‘went with a foree composed of all four atms! to Kat “ tukérama in the vemity of Patahpatra with the frm “ determination of destroying the law of Bhagavat Three “times, when on the very threshold of the vthara,* he "tyra deterred by the roar of a lion from carrying out hus “intention, and retarned to the ety withont effecting any- ‘thmg At last he summoned a meeting of the inmates * of the monastery, and informed them that he mtended to * destroy the law of Buddha, and asked them which they " would choese, the destruction of the maara or that of the “stupa4 They preferred to leave the place, the Kmg “then utterly destroyed the vara and massacred alt ats inhabitants He then moved on to Gahals, where “he ptoclammed that whoever brought ip the head of & “‘Cramauat should receive a himdted gold pieces One * of these offered his own head to the murderers, 1 order ‘fo save the law and the hives of the other Arkate® When the King heard this, he gnve orders that every Achat in that province should be put to death, bvt he “subsequently met with so mach opposition that he no “longer continued hig persecutions in this quarter, but “torned off to Koshtaka, and thence went towards the ee ad "Va cavalry fofantry elephants and archers + Boddhist convent * A kind of tumulus erected over relics of the groat Duddba {commonly called Cope} * Buddbist ascetlo * The highest rank im tha Duddhbiet MerarghyKW PREFACE. “orginal Maurya kingdom, We gets hint frord an- “other source of the extent of lis realm towards the “south In the drama the Narmadé 1s mentioned as “ita southern limit, for Virasena, the brother in law of “ Apnimitra, 18 represented as 1% command of a border “fortress on tis tiver Ina war which be hed with “the hing of Vidarbha the latter monarch was overcome, and compelled to surrender one half of his Aungdom to MAdhavasena, a friend of the conqueror’s, and the Varada wea fixed as the bonnday of the territories of ‘the two princes It is however most probable that « this territory was not conquered by the founder of the “dynasty bat by his son after hisdeath His domuens * accordingly extended, 1f we include those of Ins vassal, ‘to the table land of tho Deckan His possession af “go wide a territory explains why the Canoga kings ore “elmays epoken af ag the successors of the Nimergs “dynasty The founder of the dynasty reigned 36 yevs * according to the mest probable account The Puranas “agree in representing the dynasty as lasting for 112 # years, and the lengths of the reigns of Peslipamitra s © successors agree with one exception in both accounts “The discrepancy only amounts to two years, ard as “there 1s no antecedent ymprobability in the numbers, *'we have no reason for doubting their eorrectneas TE *we subtract the years of lis snecessors” reigns, wa hava “only 30 yeare left for the reign of the founder, ‘Lhe "simplest way of reconciling tlus diserepancy 1s to 80p- pose that be first established ins power in the seventh “ year, or perhaps was crowned in that year, so that the *'firet six years Lave beam omitted, We know nothogxy ITEP ACP. “orginal Maurya kingdom We get & hint frpm on «other source of the extent of lus realm towards te «south In the drama the Narmad’ is mentioned a “its southern limit, for Virasena, the brother in law of Agnimitrt 38 represented ag in command of ao border fortress on this myer In a war which he bad with “the hing of Vidarbha the latter monarch was overcome, “and compelled to surrender one half of is 1 mgdom “to Madbavasena, a friend of the conqueror’s, and the * Varada was fixed ag the boundary of the terrrtories of ‘the two piinces, Tt is however most probrble that « this territory wag not conquered by the founder of the “dynasty but by his son after lie death His dominons * gceardingly extended, if we relude those of Ins vassal, ‘0 the table land of tho Dechan His possession ofRL PREFACE readings in Tirdndtha’s edition, and I must express myself highly amdebted 19 lis commentary, which has guided re im the interpretation of several passages Upo? which Shankar Pandit’e notes throw no light. Caleutia, January 1875,MALAVIKAGNIMITRA. ACT L sinnt May that lord who, though established in sole snpre- macy, from which result t great blessings to his votaries, himself wears the garment of skin ,! who, though Jus body is anited with that of his beloved? is at the head of a3- eetics whose minds are averted from outward objects, in whom there 1s ne arrogance, though ke sn pports the whole world with Ins eight forms may he, Isay, remove + In Qrvas case the skinof a panther Shin garments were vharacteristic of asretica, * Qiva and Parvati are one individual the left portion of whose body 1s female, and the mght male (Shankar Fandit) According to Professor Weber, this fact 1a firet mentioned by Bardesanes, whe derved ut from the members of an Indian embassy to Hehogabalus For perastad, Taranatha and Estaya vemagive parastad who sarpasst3, &o. 4 The eight forme areearth water, fire, wind eky, euD moon and pagupafe, or lord of animals The last 1g cometimes giren as Fojamdxa which sppeats to meso ‘3 person who employs pries.s to petform a eacmfice™ Weber gives the last form as the Brahman caste. The Rey K M SBanerjea observes that onsially at meant “a celebrant,” now ‘ a spimtnal client. ~ Bengal Maga ane for Septen ber 1874 1(2) one! state of darkness im order that we may behold the per fect way ? There ends tha Nande4 Enter the Manager Manager (looking towards the curfasn) — Actor,” come here for a moment Enter Actor. Actor —Sir, here I am Manager I have received the followmg order from the spectators “You most act at this spring festival play named Malavikagnimitra, composeds by Kuatdasa ,” therefore let the representation be begun Actor —“ot 30, I pray Wty do the spectators pass ver the compesitiane of famons poets, like the honoured bards Bhasa, Sauroitlaf Kaviputra and others and do sneh great honour to the work of Kalidasa, a modern poet? 'Taranatha, Katayavema and Bolleasen read vas for ass your state &c * The wiy of stoksha, or hberation ® Taranaths observes that this \andf is urregular Tt onght to have eight or twelve Ines “Called per parcrida or esustant, The manager (f fra digra) wddressea him by the title of wazvista He uses bhare aaa term of respect in addreaung his master {8 P P) *Taterally the whole business or plot of which wa? com poseh «= The “ppring festival of conrse corresponds to the mofern Hoh festival Dollensen inserts xava® before Crase totsare, this festival at the bemiaming of epring * Pandit laraniths Torkarishaspati reads Dhavaka S10 mila Kayiputra, and others Dhivaka was aceording to BMammats Bhatta, the anther of the Patngyal and haga manda but his avarice Induced bim to forego the honour of(3) Alegneger —Aht your remark is wanting in emtical aeamen Observe! Crery old poem ts not good becan eit wold, nor is every new poem to be blamed because it is new, sound critics, after exammation, choose one or the other, the blockhead must have lus yodgment guided by the knowledge of his neighbours Actor —The hononrable spectators are the best yndges Manager —-Then mike haste I long to perform the order of the spectators wich I received some time aga with bowed head, even 1s this serrant of the Qnee1 Dharm! shilfal in attendance, longs to perform her order (Exeunt Actors End of the Introductory dialogue? Enter a fervate servant Female servant —L am ordered by the Queen Dhar af to isk the teacher of dancine, the noble Ganidisa, what degree of proficiency Malaviké has attained in the dance eed Chadta 2 in whieh she hos recently been Teceiying imstraction Therefore, let me enter the music-hall (With these words sletwalls round } them authorship in favour of Harcha Deva King of Kashmir who lived at the begining of the 12th century Boleuren reads Bhasaka for Dhavaka. In bis preface he quotes Dr Fitz Edward Hall os saymg that Bhasaka or Bhasa hired m the ith century ) Dharmnf 1g the xovpittn GNoyog lable to be supplanted or supplemented at any time by am c"awe-vy dwonpea 1Skr preatacana Which Mosier Willams explains by pre logue The Sancknt dramatists made inich uré of these Ea ripidean devices. * Taramaths and Dollensen eal] the dance e/ halla m ,(4) Enter another female servant, rth an ernament tr her hand Porat female servant (haring seen the second) -Tlallao t Kaumiuhha! Why are you 40 preocenpied that, though you pass ¢loge to me, you do not cast o glance in my direction ? Seoond female striant —Why, bless inp soul, bere 39 Vakulavaliké My friend, I was contemplatmg this beau tiful ring of the Queen’s with a seal on which s snake 1s engrave 1, which I havejust bronght from the yeweller’s, and so I came to ment your reproof, Vakulavalike (observing 1) —It 1s meet that your gaze should be riveted on it By means of this ring, from which @ stream of rays breaks forth, the extremity of your hand appears, as it were, to be m blossom Kaumudika —Come now, where are you going? Vakuldval.id —I am going by the ordere of the Queen to ask the noble Gantdasa, the teacher of daxemg, what sort of pupil Malavika has shewn herself Aeumudikte —Frend, though kept out of the way by such an employment, she waa seen, they say, by the Ring? Vakulcvahke -——Yes, the girl was seen at the (aeen 4 aide in on picture Aaumudita —How did that come about 7 Vakulatakke —Listen! Ile Queen had gone to the halt of pamting, and was looking at a pictate of the )Thrindtha and Bollengen omit Hela and read Ratham dy ahid) Thelz reading would mean) How comes it that Ma- Javika though kept ont of the way by auch an employment has been teen by the King?(5) drawing master's on which the hues of the colouring were still fresh, at that very moment in came the King Xaumudila —What happened then? Vatuldraliia —Then, after the customary salotation, the King sat down on the same seat with the Queen, and beholding Malaika in the midst of the Queen’s attend. ants in the pamting and very near to her, he asked the Queen— Kaumud:la,— What, I pray ? Vatulacalda —' What is the name of this gul, that I have not seen before, standing near you in the painting 7° Aaumaedda —Admiration naturally follows forms ef surpassing lovelmess What happened then? Fabvlavahia —Then the King finding that no at- tention was pard ta his question, began te wmportane the Queen again, but the Queen garenoanswer Thereupor the Princess Vasulakshm{ said—dAy brother in Jaw, this 8 Malarika Eaumudia,—That 1s child nature all over Tell me what happened next . Pakularaltla.— What else than this? Mfalariha 1s now kept with especial care outof the range of the Rings eyes Saunudila.—Come now, go and do your errand. I, too, will give the ring to the Queen (Fat Kaumudila Vakulevalila (walling round and looling about) — Here is the teacher of dancing, the noble Ganadasa, coming out of the music hall let me shew myself to hun Enter Ganadasa ~ Ganatlasa — Although every one of course thinks( 6.) mest of Lis own hereditary lore, still the mportance f attach to danemg ts not without foundation, how cat at be? Sages say that this is o pleasing sacrificcal feast to the eyes of the gods, being exlibited an two different ways by Civa im his body which 1s blended with that of Um ,1 im it 18 seen the behaviour of men arising from the three qualities,? ond dietingaished by various sent ments , dancing 1s the one chief amnsement of kumea beings, though their tastes are different Vakulavahka (advancing) — Reverend Sir, I salute thee Ganaddea —My good gurl, inay you hve long Vakulavalika —Noble sir, the Queen wishea to know whether your pupil Mulavika 1s net very trovblesome to teach 3 Ganaddsa —Assure the Queen that Mdlavila 1s e% ceedingly clever and itelligent, to put the matter ¢oD cisely, whatever movement expressive of sentiment 18 taught by me to her in the wey of acting, that the git, as 1 were, teaches to me ya return Ly 2mproving upon it Vakulavalika (to herself) —1 seem to ses hei cutting out Irdévati (dicud) ‘Yom pupil miy be already cons? eee * ‘The etyle of dancing invented by Parvati foonfined se cording to BMomer Williams to attitude and gesticulation with a shofling motion of the feet seldom hfted from the groard) wecailed Lisya Ibis opposed to Tir dava the more bosterous atyle of danes of Give and lus followers " Goodness, passion and darkness * Turinitba and Dollensen read ndd elveedi Candéhligyati), ie does not yoar pari find it too hard a tuskto learn &e(7) dered a saceess since her :nstractor 14 so qwell sat shed math her Gana lisa —My good girl, you know people ihe her are hard to find, ao T mast asi you, rhence this actress! was brought to the Queen Vokuloralid. —The Queen Las 2 brother of snferior caste, Virasena by name he has been placed ty the King incommand of a frontier fottress on the banks of the Mangakini? He sent thas gurl as a presert to lis sister, Uuinking ber yast the eort of person to learn ac complist ments Ganadasa (to Aeasel—Teom? her diveungushed ap- pearance J consectore that she rsof lagh birth (Aloe J} Mv good girl, I sin certsinly destined to become famiors, Observe, the shill of the teacher, when commenicated ta a worthy ol ject, attains greater excellence, as the water of a cloud, when dropped into a sea shell, acquires the nature of a pearl ‘Thave a lopted Dolleusen a view of the meaninget patram Foucazx bas ectte perie, .e, such a jewel, such a chores attendant. * The Mantitiof here probably means the Sarmali (her pulis) One of the Bombay manuscripts reads the Traékrit eqmralentof Narmada. Dlollensen stads eatdrata fotantay ule Ne considers that the word means the nninbalited an 1 uncn] tivated interesl Letyrcon too states, and quotes Casar BG VIF to absw that a euilar custom ¢xisted among the anciens German: * Goliensen ioserta esasya between diriti and pratyoyad from ler beauty and modesty Kutayarema seems to take it J think that ebe 23 of noble ebaracter 7” “Peferrng to the nonon that drops of water fallen into(8 ) Pakuldvahke —Well, where 18 your pupil? Ganaddsa —Haying yust now tanght her the fire-limb mavement* I told her to rest, ang 30 she has gone to the Window that commands a view of the artificial Inke, and 4s enjoying the fresh breeze Vahulucaibke —Then, air, give me leave to depart, 1 order that I may stuulate her zeal by tnforming her that her teacher 18 satisfied with her Ganadasa —Go and see yout frend I, too, as T have Gotan terval of letsure, will go home [Exeunt Ganadasa and Vakulavalild Here enda the VishkamBhaka ? Then the King as discovered wath hae retinue standing part and ailended by the Minister seated behind Tam with a letter in Bus hand Aang (looling at the Minter eho has read the letter }— Vabatove, what does the King of Vidarbha say im reply? Sfimater —Ho gives on answer, which will ynyolve his own destruction sea sholla under the ifuence of the Stor Areturua become pearla (Shankar Pandit) ‘Ta which the mind, eye, eyebrow, feet and hands are em Ployed equally (TAringtha} It{aatao explained ag a movement consisting of fiva parts, two of which ate binging and dancing * Andoterlude or introductory aceng coming between the acts and performed by an inferior actor or actora who explain to the audience the progress of tha Pp of, and thos bind firmly together the story of the drama by conctecly alluding to what hes bappenod fu the intecvala of the acta or ja ikely to happen attheead (Monier Willlame) TirSndthe calle the present ® misra rishhambkaha or mized tithtimbheka an jt is por formed by one actor of medium, sod two of inferior, dignity{ 9} King —I went to bear his duspsich at once. Sfinuter —He bas on the present occasion tent the following answer. “ Sy royal brother has informed me, that my consin, Prince Midharssena, who bad promieed toenter intoxmatrimonial alliance with my royal Erother, while proceeding to his court, wason the way attacked by one of my wardeas of the marches and taken prisoner. This man, with his wife and arster, 1 atm reqoired to act free out of regard for my royal brother, Does my roysl brother then not know that the condact of kings towards kings who belong to the snme family should be like that of the earth’? Tie should, therefore, be tpartist m this matter. As for the Prince's sister, abe disappeared in the confasion of the capture: [will do my utmost to findher Now, of my royal brother wishes that Maliis- tasena shoold be caneed to be set nt liberty withont fait, let him attend to my fixed determination, Lf my royal “That ia to say, smpartual Tardnttha reads fatee po na crditant yat Celyahh pantehy Liu harcth Payaem eraitis Ip making this request my brother did not take inte connders tion what the custom of kings fa with regard to their rela. tions “Weber, who appears to have the same reading, supplies 10 @ note, “and how hostile have accordingly become the relations between meand my coudn™ He comparcs the word dhrdieteya, which from meaniog ongiaally “Brother ¢ eon 7 comes to mean “enemy” Compare also Bhartnhan (Bombay Classical Senes) Nitscatakam st 23, partipched analeag kam? relatons are worse than fire, on which the commentator ob- serves ddyddch sahapdrayah “ kinsmen are natural enemies “ Sach, with bot few excepuons, bas been the hittory of royal famines in the East. “‘An Amurath an Amourath snocecdy, not Harry Harry’(10) brother will set my brother m-law Mauryasichia free} ahora he has imprisoned, then I will unmediately re- lease Madhavasen fiom confinement” ‘Llese are the contents of the letter King —What ? does the foolish fellow presame to Lar fam, with me abont an exchange of services? Vahatasa! the Ikmg of Vidarbha is my natural enemy, aud sets Limself m opposition to me therefore give orders, a$ before deterrained, to the division of the army onder the command of Virasena to root lum up, inasmuch as he 1s nombered among my foes? Minister —As the King commands Aang —Or what do you think aboat st yourself? Minster our Highness speal s im accordance with the treatises on poltcy = Foran enemy that has hat lately entered npon his Lingdom, because be bas not tahen root im the hearts of lus subgects, 1a easy to extirpate, lie a tree that 1s nasteady, becanse it hag been oxl¥ lutely planted King —So may the saying of the wise compilers of ee 'Tarfnaths reads aryasec]iram'—the noble minister Bal Jensen reads aryain saci iram Shankar Pandit observes —- This (Maurgasachiva) ie the name gecordin g to the commentator, of the brother in [aw of the Kirg of the Vidarbhas If tl at Ja not correct, and be wra the Minister of the Maurya Rave of Paétaliputrs at reeme probable that be was mprisoned by Agnimitra te prevent him from exeiting the people to rebel egamst hu (Ayampteaa) father Pushparotin wba hed mur dered the Inst of the Mauryas, Drihadratha and usurped bis throne in his #09 fatour”™ Literally, standing iu the category of those that mah? themselves Hable to be attacked ¢Shaukar Pandit}cu) freatises prove tros? For t)1¢ reason Jet the Gererat be ordered to yut his troops in wotian Afenceter —It shall be done {Fant Wens'er Tie retynue remain standing round tFe Aang ia rch an arranganert as the nefure of ter respeed re dul eg Fe pusres Friter the Vidusl wha? Fedusl ola eH 3 High ness gave me the following eom mitsion “Gaotams deviee some expedient by whiel: I may see face to face Malarika whose pctareT beheld ty accident” Well I bave done ¢o, and will now in form tum of the faet (fe walla roun!) Jeez ocenp the J edavhobhe) —Hore os enother mnzder come to me, who superintends another department of my affairs Vidus} ala,—May your Higl ness prosper Ring (no td ng hes Peaet) Sit down bere The Vadus! ale tales a seat Aang —Has the ere of your wisdom been at all em ployed in deriaing a means of attaming ont object 1 'Bollensen thinks that the sentence sbonld not be taken jn an imperative sense Kitavaremasupphes Baer skyat: Fou esnx translates rdam xine ttem edaya en le prenant pour guide +The yocore frend and companion of the King Oa is always & Brabman Tle is the Leporelloof the Ind au drama FE take eprya atter Kitsyavema as part. fot. pass atdkya Boltenzen reads rpayepeyadarsane We seems to take wacya ag menbetantire an the sense of devuing — wpalshepe(12) Pidushaka —Means mdeed! .ather ask about the sue- cessful accomplishment of my commisaon Kitng —What do yon mean ? Vidushaka (whispers in hig ear) This is what I mean Hing —Excellent, my frend! A clever start! We hope fot good Inek in this enterprise, though success in i 19 difficult to attam For it ts the man with allies that is able to accomplish an undertaking surrounded With obstacles, even one who has the use of his eyes cannot withont a hight pereaire an obyect in the darkness A voice behind the scenes1—A tence to excessive boasting! Tn the presence of the King himself shall be derided which of ug 18 superior and which inferior King —Friend, a blossom has budded on the tree of your intnigne ? Vidushaka —You shall seo fruit also on tt, I promise you Then enter the Chamberlan Chamberiam —Your Majesty, the Minister begs to inform you that your orders hare been carried out But here sre Haradatta and Gonaddsa, the two piofessors of geting, each eager for victory over the other, wishing to hove an interview with your Majesty, ike two dramatic Passtone incarnate in bodily form Aang —Introdace them « Chamberlain —Ag the King commands (Going ont and Feturming with them) ‘Lhe way, this way, gentlemen! | Aepatiye to the Uring room the pastssenivm For addarol tara® Téréndtha and Dollensen read adhe ottarayor ® * Por °mt«* 1aténdtha and Bollensen read, Ssuaji; >(nb) Haradatia (looktag at he King) —Ye gods! Awiul fs the mayesty of the Ring = For bers not unfamiliar to me, acd he isnot stern of manner, nevertheless 1 approseh hiy side with trembling; thongh the came, be ay pears every moment new to my eyes, eren ike the mighty ocean! Ganaddsa.— Great indeed is the eplendoar that re- aides in this hero? For though my entrance hss been permitted by the guards appointed t wait at the door, and thoogh I sm advancing tawards the Kiag mith the attendant that is always obont bis throne, by the effal- genee of his mayesty, that repels my gaze, Tam, a3 it were, Without words dented accecs after all, Charkeriam —Hereis the King approach, gentlemen Doth (adeaneing) — May the King be rietorions King —Weleome, gentlemen. (Locling round af Ge attendants) Seats for these gentlemen, They nt down on charre brought by the attendants Aing —What is the meaning of this, that you two yrofessors hare come here together at a time when yon ought to be teaching your pupils? Gonadara —Listen, King! Tfearned the art of dre matic acting from a good teacher * | have given lessons 1 Literally water receptacle 1 Perukédhikdramidam jyotih=cfat purushdddiharamyyetih seshah pervehak adheldrah {adhtiaraxam sthanam) yaryo tar (@ PP) Done of the Eombay MSs read prrwsldddram, the reading Of Tarina’has edition which means this aplendour in the formof aman It {s of conrsethe easier reading, and ro far lecs hkely to Le eorrect. ) Tirthdd the reading of Shankar Pandit, 1s practically equ: salentto Tirdudth.¢eutirthad Weber takes awtirtia as @ pro- pername Boltensen inserts eu" before both firthdd and cilsAitd(1 } in the art! Ihave been favoured by the Kmg and the Queen Aimg TI know it well Ganadaze —I, a man with such antecedents, have been tansted by thia Harwdatts in the presence of the principal men of the court in these words % This maa 38 not as good ns the dust on my feet”? Haradatta--—Kmg! This tan was first engaged m abyse of me According to him, there is the same difference hetsveen ys reverence and myself that there 35 between the ocean and a pud ile ,3 therefoe Tet yout Highness examine lum id me m theoretical Luawledge and in practical shill Let the King be both jadge and exatoiner Vidushala.—A fa provosal Gonadasa —An. excellent dea!# The King should listen to us with the ntmost attention King —Stop 4 aunnte,® the Qieen is sure to suspect partiality in this matter, therefore, the ease had better ee Tardndtha takes dattaprayoge "yu with dexeng I bad the professorship of theatrical representutign cguferred upon me by the Kime * One 1a seresisttbly reminded of the twa professors Mohcres Bourgessa Gentiihomme "Weber takes this na an ironical speech of Canadaga to Mlaradatts Shankar Pandit enya * thia 13 said of Ganndais who used the simile to disparage hig mval ‘The particle dylt shows that Haradetta is quoting the substances of what Gart- ddan had said about hun (Ilaradatta) * Literally, the best course to follow (Shankar Pandit) Citerally, det if efgnd a little wills (Shankar Pandit}(wy be fried an the pretence of the Queen accompanied Ly the learned haucski Valushoke —The Kiig's suggestion 1s good The two Profestors —As seems good to the King fing ~—Maadgalya sntrinen the Qneen tocether with the revered saint Kavehi, taking care to inform them of this matter ander cossideration Chamberlain As the Hing cammandi (1th these wards 7 ¢ goes out, and returner with the Queen aceortp tne t by tle Pareraylal or ferale Huddhust ascetacy Chamberfam —Thie wat, this war, Qteen Dhir a Queen (looking a¢ the Farrerayla) —Reretend Madam, what do yon think of the contest betrreen Gana lusa ant Haradatta 73 Paricrapla —Cessa fearing that your proteje will be defeated Ganaiasa is not infericr to his antazonist Queen —Even if this be tee, ctill the favonr of the Rang gives his rival the advantage Paracrajila —Ah! consider also that yon have o right to the tile of Qneen While the fire attains extreme brilliance from the assistance of the san,? on ‘A wandernnng female mendimant She wasanidow The Hinde widow says Shankar Pandit 1s not geocraily a wander Ing mendiernt #9 we may assume that she was a Po ldhast and this makes it likely that the play is much older than Wilton supposes * Thatis to gay “ which of the two do yon think will be victorious? * Bollensen reads with eome WS5 bkdawk parigrakud shah, the sun by the assistance of the day He remarks tbat (iis readirg gives a better antithesis( 6 ) the other hand the moon alao acquires greatness wl en favoured by the night Pidushaka —Look! look 1 Here 19 the Queen arrived, preceded Ly the match maker,! the learned ILaurih! King I see her, who indeed, decked with the nespict ous orsamente? necompanted by Teaugiki in the dress of on ascetic, ehines like the three Vedas incarnate sccom pamed by the knowledge of the Supreme Soul # Parwrajka({advanemg) —May the King be victoriots! Aung —Teeverend Lady I salute thee Partwrapla —Mayest thou be fot hundred years the husband of Dharmt and the earth,‘ the sapport of hnag creatures, which two beings give birth to mighty offspring, and are equal mm patience Queen.—May my Lusband be yictoricas | Ang —Welcome to the Queen! (Looking towards the Parwroayldé) Reverend Lady, take a seat, They all st dowa in due order Eig —Reverend Lady, a dispute about supernority 19 skit has amsen between Ganadidga and Haradatia, now you must oceupy tle position of yndge im this matter Parwragikd (smiling )—Spare your taunts When 4 —_—-—_— 1 Pithamardikd according to Shankar Pandit means one who apasta the Niyika otheroie in her attempt to gain her jover 7 Such ag e wife would wear dyrmg the lifatime of het husband (Shanker Pandit) 1 The Upenwbads (Shankar Pandit} 4A poo on the nome of the Queen Bhatadhd int = the earth Hings are age pend again apoken of m Sanskrit poetry aa the huabands of the earth Compara Ragbuvanga VIN 51 CRombay edit on) Surely I am the husband of the earth only in name but my heart felt pleasure was in thee