i

HARVESTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM PIEZOELECTRIC SHOES

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

Cebu Institute of Technology-University

Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Subject

RESEARCH 3 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSION

AND RESEARCH 4 – CAPSTONE PROJECT

by:

CIELO ALEGAM

JEFFERSON BELTRAN

SHANICE DIMPLES CAMACHO

FRANCISCO GARCIA III

CAROLINE MALINAO

IRINE JANE SARTE

FEBRUARY 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET
The research paper entitled HARVESTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM
PIEZOELECTRIC SHOES prepared and submitted by CIELO ALEGAM, et al. in
partial fulfillment for the subjects Research 3 – Inquiries, Investigation, Immersion
and Research 4 – Capstone Project is hereby accepted and recommended for
Oral Examination.

RESEL S. LIGUE
Adviser

JESSE ARRES NIÑA S. ARCEO FRANCIS DALE T. GORNEZ

Member Member

ACCEPTED as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subjects Research 3

– Inquiries, Investigation, Immersion and Research 4 – Capstone.

LINA N. BAGUIO, Ph.D.

Chairman/ Research Coordinator
APPROVED, by the tribunal at the oral Examination on February 26, 2020 with the
grade of PASSED.

RESEL S. LIGUE IAN NEIL L. VIRTUDAZO

Adviser Member

PATRICK L. BACALSO JESSE ARRES NIÑA S. ARCEO

Member Member

LINA N. BAGUIO, Ph.D.

Chairman/ Research Coordinator

Oral Examination PASSED.

ENGR. ALONA M. SOLIS DR. RANIZA R. ROMERO

Assistant to the Principal, SHS Principal, SHS

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ABSTRACT

Piezoelectric materials are materials that have the ability to generate

internal electrical charge from applied mechanical stress. The main goal of this
study is to make use of piezoelectric material to create a device that is capable to
harness electrical energy through the use of a mechanism that is operated by
footsteps via piezoelectric transducers attached to human shoes and to determine
its capacity in terms of accumulated voltage with respect to the weight and speed
applied. The innovation of Piezoelectric Shoe Device provides a sustainable and
green source of energy in converting kinetic energy of the human footsteps into
electrical energy. The data gathered was obtained through series circuit analysis
by connecting each piezoelectric material in a series circuit and measuring its
capacity in generating voltages per step subjected with various weights and speed
of walking, and descriptive statistical techniques to calculate the obtained data and
come up with a clear interpretation and conclusions. It has been found out that the
weight is directly proportional to the accumulated voltage. Similarly, a person with
low speed can generate the lowest voltage while the faster speed can create the
highest voltage. Thus, the speed shows direct proportionality to the voltage
produced. This shows the proportional relationship between the two variables
(weight and speed) and the accumulation of voltages. Harvesting electrical energy
from the piezoelectric shoes can help the individuals as well as the economy and
society to provide an alternative source of energy in times of emergency or
frequent power outage.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Before anything else, the researchers would like to express their deepest

gratitude to the Creator of all things, Jesus Christ who is the Minister of the truth.

For all the manifold blessing, the gift of discernment and for the wisdom he

bestowed upon them, the strength, peace of mind, and good health to conduct this

research study.

They also wish to express their immeasurable appreciation to this special

people who had faith in this undertaking which made this study a success;

Ms. Resel Ligue, research adviser, for her genuine apprehension and

guidance. Her keen interest, generously shared expertise and knowledge above

all, overwhelming attitude to help her students had been solely and mainly

responsible for the completion of the study and to Mrs. Lina Baguio, current

research instructor, for granting approval for this study, constant encouragement,

patience, suggestions, and for extending her meaningful assistance on this paper

by her scholarly advice.

The researchers would also like to give special thanks to a number of

different people. To Dr. Edwin Torillo, for the suggestions and corrections in

making the right process and method of the study. To the previous researchers

who also provide help which serve as a basis throughout in conducting the study

to make this successful. To their beloved parents and guardians who are always

there to provide financially and for the untiring love and support that inspires to

keep going. Lastly, to the people who contributed the valuable data needed in this

study and for those who played a role in making this study possible.
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DEDICATION

The researchers would like to dedicate this research study to the following people

for they were the reasons and inspiration why this study was pursued and became

a success.

Ms. Resel Ligue, their research adviser who became the pillar to make this study

a success through guidance and continuous support in the process and allowing

the researchers to prove and proceed in conducting this study.

Engr. Angelo Acenas who became their first adviser, for sharing his

expertise and ideas in this field, and for the knowledge that he shared about the

research study.

This study is also dedicated to Mrs. Lina Baguio as our research instructor

for her endless support and encouragement throughout the process of making the

paper.

Moreover, this research study is dedicated to the researchers’ family as

Lastly, to our school, Cebu Institute of Technology-University, in which our paper

was formed and defended to serve its purpose and heartily offered for the

betterment of the economy.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET ...................................................................................... ii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. iv
DEDICATIONS .............................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... vi
Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Rationale ...................................................................... 1
Statement of the Problem ............................................. 4
Objectives..................................................................... 5
Significance of the Study .............................................. 5
Scope and Limitations .................................................. 6
Definition of Terms ....................................................... 7
Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
Theoretical Background ............................................... 9
Related Literature ....................................................... 14
Related Studies .......................................................... 17
Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Proposed Methods ..................................................... 21
Description of the Experiments................................... 21
Description of Subjects .............................................. 22
Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................... 23
Chapter V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings ................................................ 29
Conclusions ............................................................... 29
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Recommendations .................................................... 30
Chapter VI PROPOSED PROGRAM
Piezoelectric Shoe Device......................................... 32
Bibliography ............................................................................................... 34
Appendices
Appendix A. Research Instruments ........................... 36
Appendix B. Time-table of Activities .......................... 37
Appendix C. Research Budget .................................. 38
Appendix D. Curriculum Vitae ................................... 39
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List of Figures

Figure Number Title Page

1 Displacement of Electrical Charge 9

2 Piezoelectric Transducer 10

3 Direct Piezoelectric Effect Diagram 11

4 Inverse Piezoelectric Effect Diagram 12

5 Formulation of Piezoelectric Shoe Device 13

6 Overall Mean of Voltages Accumulated with 24

Respect to the Weight

7 Overall Voltage Accumulated with Respect 28

to the Speed with Specific Weight

8 Schematic Diagram 32
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List of Tables

Table Number Title Page

1 Voltage Accumulated in terms of Weight 22

2 Voltage Accumulated in terms of Speed 25

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale of the Study

In physics, electricity is a form of energy that is observable in positive and

negative forms that actually occur naturally. Electricity is simply defined as the flow

of electrons. Way back in 500 B.C, Thales of Miletus discovered the first form of

electricity which is the static electricity. Static electricity is produced by rubbing fur

on substances such as amber. Later on, electricity becomes associated with

magnetism. Electric and magnetic field travel through space as waves moving at

speed of light, light is an undulation in the same medium that is the cause of electric

and magnetic phenomena. Because of these discoveries the world evolved

(Maxwell, 1865).

Electricity is one of the most important things that science contributed for

the comfort of mankind. It is used for lighting rooms, working fans and domestic

appliances like factories and other electric-powered machines. In the field of

medicine, electricity is highly useful in treating patients. All these things provide

comfort to people and that is how applicable the electricity is (Lekshmi, 2010).

Source of energy, which is commonly called as electricity, is an essential

thing for human survivability. The world is surrounded by technology and

innovations. Electricity is considered as one of the technological innovations of

mankind. People are so dependent to machines, appliances, gadgets and anything

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that requires electricity to work. Electricity is now an important part of home and

industries (Rallison, 2016).

The results from Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS) from

2011, shows that most about 87 percent of 21 million households in the Philippines

uses electricity as the main source of energy. The remaining percentage are for

those who uses fuelwood, charcoal, LPG, and kerosene last 2011 with an average

of 215 GWH increase per year.

Gallani (2018) said that the generation of electricity starts when a heat boils

water to produce stem that turns a turbine for turning a generator that creates

electricity. The steam’s motion can produce kinetic energy to move objects. Falling

water can also be a source of energy since the kinetic energy it produces is strong

enough to generate electricity.

Professor Shannon Yee from Georgia’s School of Mechanical Engineering

developed a technology that directly generates electricity by the expansion of

sodium solar heat. Another researcher developed an electromagnetic energy

harvester is that recycles radio waves to operate devices. These researchers found

other alternatives to harvest energy. Another convenient electricity producing

device that they have found was piezoelectric element that converts mechanical

strain from ambient vibrations into electricity.

Scientists have discovered piezoelectric mechanism. It allows pressure to

generate energy. With piezoelectric structures located on the ground, shoes, walls

or chairs, the act of walking over them produces electricity. This effect, multiplied
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by thousands of people walking on piezoelectric slabs throughout the day, allows

to autonomously self-produce energy.

Piezoelectric materials are materials that have the ability to generate

internal electrical charge from applied mechanical stress. The term piezo is Greek

for "push." When placed under stress, the piezoelectric crystal produces a

polarization, P, proportional to the stress that produced it.

Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon which shows the effect relationship

between the electrical and mechanical state of the material. The piezoelectric

material is mechanically deformed when exposed to an electrical field. As the

stress is applied such as when it was compressed, a current will flow and charge

its faces and vice versa. It was discovered by two French scientists’ brothers,

Jacques Curie and Pierre Curie back in 1880.

They found out the occurrence of piezoelectricity after realizing first that the

applied pressure to quartz or even some certain crystals can create an electrical

charge within the material. Then later on, this scientific phenomenon was referred

as the piezoelectric effect. After the discovery of piezoelectricity, the Curie brothers

observed the effect of piezoelectricity in a reverse direction. It was after they argue

that the crystal lead will be deformed when it was exposed to an electric field—

now called the inverse piezoelectric effect. This can be created when the electrical

voltage is applied to make the piezoelectric crystal shrink or expand.

Through the use of inverse piezoelectric effect which converts electrical

energy to mechanical energy can help develop devices that generates and
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produces acoustic sound waves such as speakers (commonly found in handheld

devices) or buzzers. The advantage of having such speakers is that they are very

thin, which makes them useful in a range of phones and portable devices.

Even medical ultrasound and sonar transducers use reverse piezoelectric

effect (Yang, 2016). Some examples of piezoelectric materials are PZT (also

known as lead zirconate titanate), barium titanate, and lithium niobate. Lead

zirconate titanate (PZT) is a man-made, ultrathin inorganic piezoelectric material

which creates a better effect than other natural piezoelectric materials.

Compared to quartz, PZT can produce more voltage for the same amount

of applied mechanical stress. Conversely, when the voltage is applied to the PZT,

it provides more movement. However, quartz is the first known piezoelectric

material. PZT is only created and produced under high temperatures with two

chemical elements namely lead and zirconium which can be combined with a

chemical compound called titanate. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), with a chemical

formula of (Pb [Zr(x)Ti(1-x)] O3), is commonly used to produce ultrasounds

transducers, ceramic capacitors, and other sensors and actuators (Roger et al.,

2001).

A study by Rhadon et.al, (2018) utilized the piezoelectric effect through the

model of a floor mat. The floor mat will generate electricity when pressure is applied

or when someone steps unto it. Based on the findings of the study, piezoelectric

floor mat can produce enough electricity to supply and may serve as the

intervention of the said study. The main function of the floor mat is only to eliminate

dirt that is in the slipper or shoes of the people entering in such place some of
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which are in school, home or even at malls. It seems that it has only one simple

function so to improve its main function, the proponents integrate the idea of

attaching piezoelectric in it since the said element produce energy out of the

pressure applied on the floor mat.

The researchers have based on the findings of Rhadon et al’s study which

was about the utilization of piezoelectric effect, however, the researchers attached

the piezoelectric elements to shoes and added more piezoelectric elements with a

series circuit to obtain larger amount of electrical energy.

Overall, this study aims to produce a device that can harness electricity via

piezoelectric shoes subjected with various weight and walking speed to help in

reducing the commercial use of fossil fuels, provide an alternative source of

electricity, determine the effectiveness of using footstep mechanism in generating

electricity, and promote the usage of renewable sources and clean energy

supplying the demands of the population.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the capacity of piezoelectric shoe device in

generating electrical energy using the mechanism of piezoelectric transducer by

applying foot pressure.

Specifically, this study aspires to seek answers to the following questions:

1. What is the capacity of the device to store electricity subjected with specific

weight of the person?

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2. What is the capacity of the device to store electricity subjected with a

specific weight with various speed for walking?

3. Based on the findings, what intervention may be proposed?

1.3 Objectives

The main goal of this study is to create a device that is capable to harness

electrical energy through the use of a mechanism that is operated by footsteps via

piezoelectric transducers attached to human shoes and to determine its capacity

in terms of accumulated voltage with respect to the weight and speed applied.

Moreover, this study aims to:

1. Provide an alternative source of electricity.

2. Determine the effectiveness of using footstep mechanism in generating

electricity.

3. Minimize the high usage of electricity made from non-renewable sources.

4. Promote the usage of renewable sources and clean energy supplying the

demands of the population.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The innovation of Piezoelectric Shoes provides a sustainable and green

source of energy in converting kinetic energy of the human footsteps into electrical

energy. This study would be a great help to the following:

Students. The produced device would be very beneficial to the community

especially to students at Cebu Institute of Technology – University since they would

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be able to supply themselves the needs of electricity and in times of emergency as

long as they wear the shoe device.

School. This can benefit Cebu Institute of Technology – University in terms

of paying large amount of electric bills as this design can produce stored electricity

from kinetic energy of human footsteps.

Economy and Environment. Using piezoelectric can generate cheap and

clean energy as it only required kinetic energy to produce energy. There is no

production of waste products by using this type of electricity generation method

which can contribute in reducing the rate of global warming.

Future researchers. This would serve as reference for those who are

interested in this field. This would serve as their basis for their study regarding the

use of a footstep device that can convert kinetic energy to electrical energy.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

This study focuses in designing a device that would convert kinetic energy

into electricity by walking, or (from human footsteps into usable electrical energy)

which is then stored in a portable battery pack and capacitors. The researchers

choose a specific shoe size for the design to determine its effectiveness with regard

to the respondents of unequal weights. This can be tested by applying foot

pressure and getting the amount of voltage it would produce in terms of weight and

speed applied. The weight of the person should not be excess to the capacity of

the device to hold certain masses.

The following are the limitations of using the piezoelectric shoe device:

• The weight range of a person should be from 45 – 55 kilograms.

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• The device is non-water resistant.

• It is only limited to walking, jogging, and low range of running or jumping.

• The device should not be exposed to any hardcore activities such as

basketball, volleyball and etc.

• Since the piezoelectric element is connected in series circuit, one

malfunctioning piezoelectric element can affect the performance of the

circuit.

1.6 Definition of Terms

The following research terms are defined operationally for the benefit of the

readers to ensure better understanding and interpretation of the research study:

Alternative Energy

It is a converted form of energy from kinetic into electrical energy generated

by the piezoelectric shoe device.

Battery

It serves as a storage of energy produced by the piezoelectric mechanism.

Electricity

It is a form of energy that is generated by piezoelectric shoes which comes

from vibration and pressure.

Piezoelectricity

It is the electric charge that accumulates from piezoelectric transducers in

response to applied mechanical stress.

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Piezoelectric Generator

It converts kinetic energy in the form of vibrations from pressure into

electrical energy.

Piezoelectric Transducers

It is the main material to use in creating a device that is capable of

generating electricity from applied forces.

Pressure

It is the force applied through footsteps that is needed for the design to

produce electrical energy.

Shoes

It is the main material that will be modified or inserted by piezoelectric

transducers.

Voltage

It refers to the force of an electric current which is measured through a

voltmeter.

Walking

It is the primary locomotive force that will serve as a kinetic power to the

piezoelectric by using it as a pressing force to the piezoelectric tubes.

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 Theories

Piezoelectric Theory

In 1880, French physicists Jacques and Pierre Curie discovered an unusual

characteristic of certain crystalline minerals. The piezoelectric crystals became

electrically polarized when subjected to a mechanical force. In proportion to the

applied force, tension and compression generate voltages of opposite polarity.

Hence, the material’s charge balance changes forming a negative charge on one

face and a positive charge on the opposing face. Subsequently, if one of these

voltage-generating crystals was exposed to an electric field, it lengthened or

shortened according to the field’s polarity and in proportion to the strength of the

field. These behaviors were labeled the piezoelectric effect and the inverse

piezoelectric effect, from the Greek word “piezein”, meaning to press or squeeze

(Mishra, 2014).

According to the PCB Piezotronics: Introduction to General Piezoelectric

Pressure Sensors, when the piezoelectric materials are strained by an external

force, displaced electrical charge accumulates on opposing surfaces. Figure 1

illustrates the displacement of electrical charge due to the deflection of the lattice

in a naturally piezoelectric quartz crystal. The yellow circles represent silicon

atoms, while the red ones represent oxygen. Crystalline quartz is the most
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sensitive and stable piezoelectric materials either in its natural or reprocessed

form.

Figure 1: Displacement of Electrical Charge

Piezoelectric effects commonly occur in quartz crystals, but can also be

induced in other materials such as specially formulated ceramics consisting mainly

of Lead, Zirconium, and Titanium (PZT). Piezoceramics can be formed to most any

shape or size. The material is first heated according to its Curie temperature in

order to activate the piezo properties of the mix metals. Therefore, a sufficient

strength is applied in the desired direction forcing the ions to realign along the

poling axis (Jeric, 1999).

Piezoceramics can be used as actuators because they can strain or

displace when an electric voltage is applied across the poling axis. This makes

PZT’s good candidates for valve actuation or active control systems. It can also be

used as structural dampers because of their ability to efficiently transform

mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa. When a piezoelectric

element, PZT, is used for passive vibration suppression, the force from the
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vibration strains the PZT, which generates a potential difference. This voltage,

electrical energy, can then be dissipated through a resistive circuit (Boller, 2001).

Piezoelectric Transducer

The piezoelectric transducers work on the general principle of piezoelectric

effect. When mechanical stress or forces are applied on the quartz crystals, it

produces electric charges in its surface called as piezoelectricity. This electric

voltage can be measured easily by the voltmeter, which can be used to measure

the stress or force. The rate of charge produced would be proportional to the rate

of change of force applied as input. As the charge produced is very small, a charge

rectifier is needed in order to produce a higher value of voltage output.

The stress or the force that has to be measured is applied along certain

planes of the transducer. The output voltage can be calibrated against the applied

stress or the force so that the measured value of the output voltage directly gives

the value of the applied stress or force (John, 2013).

Figure 2: Piezoelectric Transducer

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The figure above shows a conventional piezoelectric transducer with a

piezoelectric crystal inserted between a solid base and the force summing

member. If a force is applied on the pressure port, the same force would fall on the

force summing member. Thus, voltage would be generated on the crystal due to

its property. The potential difference produced will be proportional to the magnitude

of the applied force.

Direct Piezoelectric Effect

Direct piezoelectric effect of the materials is also known as “generator

effect” or “sensor effect”. The terms “actuator effect” and “motor effect” are also

used to mean converse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material. It can be

also induced to a phenomenon when heat or cooling is involved which termed as

thermoelectric or pyroelectric effect.

Figure 3: Direct Piezoelectric Effect Diagram

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For piezoelectricity to be generated, it needs that material to be

compressed or squeezed. Mechanical stress applied to piezoelectric ceramic

material generates electricity. As indicated in Figure 3, there’s a voltage potential

across the material. Between the two metal plates which collects the charges and

produces voltage (piezoelectricity) is the piezo crystal. In this way, the piezoelectric

effect acts like a miniature battery as it produces electricity. Devices that use the

direct piezoelectric effect include microphones, pressure sensors, hydrophones,

and many other sensing types of devices.

Inverse Piezoelectric Effect

The piezoelectric effect can also be reversed which is referred to as the

inverse piezoelectric effect. This can be done by applying electrical voltage to

make a piezoelectric crystal shrink or expand as shown in Figure 4 below. The

inverse piezoelectric effect converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

(Yang, 2016).

Figure 4: Inverse Piezoelectric Effect Diagram

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Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

French physicists Jacques Piezoelectric effect is due to

and Pierre Curie discovered applied mechanical stress in
piezoelectricity in the late certain materials to produce
1880s electricity.

PIEZO ELECTRIC
EFFECT THEORY

Eco – friendly and a

long service life Less maintenance cost

Piezoelectric
Transducer

An alternative way of Minimize high electrical

power generation consumption

Piezoelectric Shoe
Device

Figure 5: Formulation of Piezoelectric Shoe Device

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2.2 Review of Related Literature and Studies

Review of Related Literature

Based on the Encyclopedia of National Geographic Society of Energy

Resources, electricity can be produced through renewable and non-renewable

resources. Renewable sources are those that can replenish naturally in a short

period of time such as solar, wind, water (hydro), biomass, and geothermal. On the

other hand, non-renewable sources like coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas are the

minerals that cannot be replenish and in limited supplies.

Electricity begins with one of these energy sources, mostly from fossil fuels.

This fuel creates steam or fluid that moves a turbine that can make the magnet

turns in a generator. This movement causes those electrons to move which

produces electricity. The generator produces electric current transported through

thick wires to transformers, which amplify the voltage. This high-voltage electricity

is carried to the power grid. One at the power grid, electricity is moved to different

substations, which reduce the voltage for use in large settings like factories (Stark,

2019).

According to Lumen Learning: Density and Pressure, pressure is known as

an exerted force applied to an object per unit area and is measured in Pascal.

Some application of pressure includes the generation of electricity. For example, a

combined cycle power can generate gas by burning fuel in the compressed air,

which can create pressure within the air as it was compressed. Pressure of the gas

rotates the gas turbine and the generator produces electricity. Moreover, exhaust
 15

heat from gas turbine is utilized for boiling water to generate steam, which rotates

turbine to generate energy.

According to Richard Neal, former Fleet Mechanic -Explosive Ordnance

Tech – Machinist at Lockheed Martin, any liquid or gas under pressure has

potential energy. If pressure is released by passing the pressurized substance

through a mechanical device such as a turbine that causes a shaft to rotate, the

potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. If the rotating shaft is connected to

a generator, the kinetic energy can be converted to electrical energy. A good

example for this is hydroelectric power which is derived from water pressure. An

internal combustion engine uses hot pressure and expanding combustion gasses

to be able to produce kinetic energy that can drive an electric generator which

converts it to electrical energy.

Scientist, Michael Faraday discovered that when a magnet is given a

movement inside the coil of wire, there can be a flow of electric current. Meanwhile,

a device called electric generator converts energy into electricity; this device uses

the mechanism of electricity and magnetism. Most consumers use a generator that

converts a kinetic or mechanical energy that is commonly produced with

electromagnets (Silveyra, 2018).

Linnaeus and Franz Aepinus in the mid-18th century studied the pyro electric

effect which uses temperature change as a generation of electrical potential.

Through this study by Linnaeus and Aepinus, both René Just Haüy and Antoine

César Becquerel came up with an experiment involving mechanical stress and

electric charges (Ramakrishna, 2014).

 16

Pierre Curie and Jacques both studied piezoelectric effect in 1880 combined

with their knowledge about the pyro electricity and findings about crystal behaviors

which relates to pyro electricity with the use of materials such as tourmaline, quartz,

topaz, sugarcane, sodium potassium tartrate tetra hydrate.

Gabriel Lippman in 1881 saw the converse effect by using fundamental

thermodynamic principles and mathematical calculations. By this, the Curies

acknowledged this effect, and used this to obtain data as a proof for the reverse

mechanical deformations in piezoelectric crystals (Kanda, 2011).

The researchers had chosen to use series circuit as a type of connection

for the piezoelectric mechanism embedded in the device for the reason that it is

linear. According to Sage C., 2016 "A series circuit basically contains just one path

for the power source to go through the entire load for everything to work as it

should. Under the same source, there are three advantages mentioned in using

series circuit. The first one is, adding power devices, which means that energy

produced are added to increase the overall force of the output by giving you more

power. The second one is, ease of use which means that series circuits are easily

to learn and make. Lastly, less likely to overheat, this is the main reason why series

circuit is often used to avoid sudden incidents of fire.

According to F Laumann (2017), on his "Energy harvesting through

piezoelectricity" discussed about how piezoelectricity is stored. The piezoelectric

effect produced when the material is subjected to mechanical stress such as

vibration and pressure. The energy that is produced in a form of voltage is

connected to diode which increases the amount of potential difference from the
 17

source. The diode is used to let all the current flows in one direction only which is

the reason why potential difference (voltage) increases if it flows in a diode.

Capacitors have the ability to store energy temporarily, capacitor is responsible for

the delay of energy lost. When energy from the diode flows to the capacitor, this

energy is now temporarily stored and when the capacitor is connected to the

battery, it is already the final destination of the energy before the output.

Capacitors and batteries are very useful in storing energy, without

capacitors and batteries, any form of energy will only go to waste. According to BK

Kim (2015), batteries and electrochemical capacitors have been recognized as one

of the next-generation technologies to assist on overcoming the global energy

crisis. Both capacitors and batteries are useful in storing energy however they have

distinctions. Capacitors can easily charge and discharge that is why it is considered

as temporary storage of energy. Batteries are the most ideal energy storage for

the reason that all the energies are permanently stored in it.

Review of Related Studies

A study conducted by Thomas P. Galich (2001) entitled, “Electrical energy

producing platform and method of use,” found out that the energy platform system

can be used for generating electrical energy by the use of moving vehicle’s weight.

The machine is made up of fluid bed with a large amount of fluid that can be

extracted by the vehicle when driven with the use of a circulation system for the

fluid bed and fluid to have a good transaction and functions. This system converts

the fluid’s energy into mechanical energy that cooperates with the generator to
 18

produce electrical energy. Therefore, the electricity can be produced through the

movement of the vehicle powered by the generator that moves one-way with the

platform to operate a current.

Another study from Julian Ryall (2008) in Tokyo came up with the idea of a

piezoelectric sheet which generated electricity when pedestrians step on it. The

special flooring tiles (piezoelectric sheets) are installed in front of ticket turnstiles.

Every time a passenger steps on the mats it can generate a small amount of

mechanical stress (vibration specifically) that can be stored as energy. Multiplied

many times over the average of people who use Tokyo Station everyday which is

400,000, according to East Japan Railway it can already provide enough energy

to light up electronic signboards. A person averaging a weight of 60 kg, will

generate only 0.1 watt in the one second required to take two steps across the tile.

To be able to generate significant amounts of power, thousands of people should

step and jump on these special tiles called piezoelectric sheets. Stored in

capacitors, the power can be channeled.

Lawrence Kemball-Cook (2009), a graduate of Loughborough University

invented another technology in converting footsteps into a usable source of energy.

In his study when someone steps on the tiles it can generate already seven watts

power. The energy that is collected is stored in the battery that can be serve as

alternative power generator.

Ville Kaajakari in 2010 had a study entitled, “Shoe power generator” used

of new circuits that converts piezoelectric charge by the use of new voltages and
 19

mixed with the polymer transducer that produces two milliwatts per shoe on an

average walk – that’s most likely with lithium coin/button cells that powers in

running sensors. Kaajakari used low-cost polymer materials for transducer with

metal surfaces that is a good conductor. These transducers are more convenient

as it promotes more properties that can match the shoe fillings that can be used to

replace the heel shock without affecting the user’s comfort.

Furthermore, another study entitled “Walking charger using piezo-electric

material,” by Utkarsh Mehrotra (2016) explained the mechanical stresses and

voltages being used to generate power via the piezoelectric transducers in a shoe.

In this study, the transducer converts vibration energy into electrical energy. The

productivity of the transducer system is then fed into a modifier circuitry that

consists of 4 subsystem, voltage amplification (by adjusting the voltage gain),

rectification (DC – DC converter) – which converts pulsated DC to fixed DC, and

current amplification – this increases the current to a value 20 times the value. In

walking condition for a 70 kg man the disc produces a voltage of 1.75 V – 2 V. This

voltage is improved up to 8 V by using a suitable resistance arrangement of 20

ohms and 5 ohms. Using non-inverted configuration, the voltage gain of 4 was

being set. This amplification is then put into a rectification circuit for converting

pulsating DC signals to pure continuous form. Once the continuous DC is

produced, then the current is magnified about 20 times using the Darlington

transistor and lastly voltage is regulated to 5 V by using a regulating IC 7805. This

output after regulation is sufficient enough to charge the mobile phone and to

power the small electronic devices.

 20

Lastly, a study conducted by Desuyo, et.al (2016) in Technical Institute of

the Philippines Manila campus entitled, “80-Watts Piezoelectric Crosswalk Energy

Harvesting System,” made use of the kinetic energy from footsteps into usable

energy, the first step in getting this electricity is via vibrations. This study has

similarities with Julian Ryall’s (2008) piezoelectric sheets. The only difference is

determined by the watts of the piezoelectric crosswalk that generates greater

amount of energy for convenience.

 0

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Proposed Method

This study uses different methods and processes under true-experimental

method; however, it mainly focuses on applied force method. As stated in the main

theory that mechanical stress or forces are applied on the quartz crystals, it

produces electric charges in its surface called as piezoelectricity that generates

voltage. This electric voltage can be measured easily by the voltmeter, which can

be used to measure the stress or force. Through this method, this can determine

if the piezoelectric shoes can generate a greater amount of potential difference

accumulated from the device. In this design, two variables (weight and speed) are

tested to see if the device can generate great amount of electricity.

In analyzing the data, this study uses descriptive statistical technique that

helps describe the basic features of the data in a study. It provides simple

summaries about the sample and the measures (such as in a tabulated and

graphical form). In this sense, it allows clear and easiness in interpreting the data

and making conclusions. After gathering the data and getting the summation of all

the electricity gained in each step, the researchers then evaluate the results and

determine the effectiveness of piezoelectricity as an alternative source of energy

 21

3.2 Description of Experiments

This study aims to determine the capacity of piezoelectric shoe device to

produce electrical energy as an alternative source subjected with different weights

and speed. In conducting the experiment, the following steps were followed.

1. Gathering of materials

The researchers look upon first for the preparation of the materials that are

needed in making the prototype. These includes piezoelectric transducers, solid

wires, diodes and capacitor as the important components of the device. These also

includes soldering iron, soldering led, metal plate, mounting tape and multimeter

that are being used in assembling the device.

2. Assembling the device

The researchers then start to assemble the device after the preparation of

all the materials needed. The piezoelectric wires that are being attached in a shoe

pods are connected in a series circuit which then connected to the diodes then to

the capacitor for storing.

3. Testing the shoe pads

After the connection, the shoe pads with the piezoelectric transducers

attached in it are tested using the multimeter by applying pressure with a specific

number of five steps in each weight with respect to the left or right foot of a person.

This is to ensure that the wiring method being used is effective and no damages

occurred in between.
 22

4. Collecting/ Recording the data

After testing the experiment, the researchers then record the accumulated

potential difference subjected with different weights and speed and storing the

voltages acquired into a capacitor. In determining the speed, the researchers used

a treadmill to have uniform speed in each experimentation.

5. Analyzation/ Interpretation of data

Lastly, the researchers evaluate and interpret the data obtained from the

device. Having 5 piezoelectric transducers in each shoe with a diameter of 35mm

which then connected in a series circuit, the results determine how the factors

(weight and speed) are relevant for the changing amount of voltage produced by

the piezoelectric shoe device.

3.3 Description of Subjects

The piezoelectric shoe which uses a series circuit modification is considered

as the experimental group specifically under the applied force method. This is to

test the effectiveness of the device using the series circuit if it can harvest more

electrical energy. The weight and speed of a person will be used and manipulated

to know its corresponding accumulated potential difference of the device.

 0

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter defines the analysis of data followed by a discussion of the

research findings. It presents, analyzes and interprets the factors that can

contribute to the efficiency of piezoelectric elements in generating electricity. The

data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical technique and it was

obtained from trial records through experiment. The results are presented through

tables and graphs as shown below.

4.1 THE CAPACITY OF PIEZOELECTRIC SHOE DEVICE TO STORE

ELECTRICITY SUBJECTED WITH WEIGHT PRESSURE OF THE PERSON

WALKING

Voltage Accumulated In every 1-minute step

Trials
45 kg 50 kg 55 kg

1 0.48 V 0.79 V 0.93 V

2 0.56 V 1.52 V 1.87 V

3 0.14 V 1.09 V 0.96 V

4 0.71 V 1.35 V 2.12 V

5 0.91 V 0.72 V 1.56 V

Mean 0.56 V 1.09 V 1.48 V

Table 1: Voltage Accumulated in terms of Weight

 23

Table 1 shows the performance of the piezoelectric shoe device to generate

a voltage using the weight (45 kg, 50 kg, and 55 kg) of the participants to step for

1 minute in each 5 trials to test how much voltage can be accumulated given the

specific weight. Each trial consists of the right and left foot step in which their mean

was computed to be able to determine the average voltage being produced

subjected with a specific weight.

Based on the data shown above, the researchers used three different

weights in order to know the capacity of the piezoelectric shoe device in generating

energy. These various weights are purposely selected to know the changes of the

accumulated voltages as the pressure applied changes given by the individual’s

weight which creates a different pressure applied to the device. Since this pressure

or force can generate an AC voltage as an individual step on the device of

piezoelectric series circuit the researchers used diodes to provide current path,

and capacitors as the temporary storage of the energy. Each individual was tested

with the number of five trials (1 trial = 1 step for the right foot and 1 step for the

left). This is to determine further how the comfortability of an individual in wearing

the shoes affect the accumulation of voltages in terms of weight pressure until the

three persons with varied weights finished to perform the experiment.

In the first experiment, a person with a weight of 45 kg are used and tested.

All the voltage generated by a 45 kg weight was added and divided into five trials

to get the total mean. As what was shown, it accumulated a mean of 0.56 V from

the five trials involved. The data displayed in each trial which gives a minimum
 24

Volts (V) of 0.14 and a maximum of 0.91 volts shows a significant difference when

it comes to acquiring voltage.

A person weighing 50 kg has effectively generated a mean of 1.09 V with

five trials performed. From the first and second trial, it produces a volt of 0.79 and

1.52 V respectively. Then it accumulated to 1.09 volts from the third trial then

increased into 1.35 volts for the fourth trial and decreases again to 0.72 for the last

trial.

Lastly, a person of weight 55 kg has effectively generated a mean of 1.48

volts within five trials performed. The accumulated voltage in each trial ranges from

0.93 V – 2.12 V. This shows that the weight varies in all trials. However, the total

mean is higher enough than those two weights (45 kg and 50 kg). This means that

piezo can generate more voltage if higher weights was applied in the piezoelectric

transducer.

1.6

1.4

1.2

1
45 kg
0.8
50 kg
0.6 55kg

0.4

0.2

0
Mean Values

Figure 6: Overall Mean of Voltages Accumulated with Respect to the

Weight
 25

Based on the data shown above, a person who weighed 45 kg generated

an average mean of 0.56 volts. Another person who weighed 50 kg generated an

average of 1.09 volts. Lastly, a person weighing 55 kg generated an average

accumulated voltage of 1.48 volts.

Figure 1 shows the different mean values of the different weight of a person

and how it affects the accumulation of the voltage using the piezoelectric shoe

device. This shows that when the weight increases, the pressure applied also

increases and when the pressure is heavy, it can generate more voltage.

In relation to Ohm’s law, voltage is the work done per unit charge and so if

the work done is high then the voltage / potential difference is high. Pressure can

also be related to voltage as It needs more pressure (voltage) to get the same flow

(current). Also, with more pressure (voltage) each unit of steam (charge) does

more work. This can be related to the study, since the results show that the higher

speed and pressure (due to weight), the higher voltage can be obtained (Pentium,

2012).

4.2 THE CAPACITY OF PIEZOELECTRIC SHOE DEVICE TO STORE

ELECTRICITY SUBJECTED WITH SPEED OF SPECIFIC WEIGHT

45 kg. 50 kg. 55 kg.

Speed
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
(km/hr)

1.36 2.50 4.00 1.8 3.98 4.12 1.84 4.66 4.76

 26

0.78 3.62 1.32 2.22 2.88 2.94 1.78 3 3.91

TRIALS
(V) 5.72
1.40 1.44 2.54 1.98 2.10 3 3.04 3.92

Mean 2.99
1.18 2.52 2.62 2 3.35 2.22 3.86 4.80
(V)

Table 2: Voltage Accumulated in terms of Speed

Table 2 shows the performance of the piezoelectric shoe device to generate

a voltage using the 1km/hr., 2km/hr., and 3km/hr. for the speed walking given three

(3) trials with respect to the time interval of 1 minute given while considering the

weight of the person. The voltages acquired in each trial came from the total

voltages accumulated by the left and right shoe. The mean was also computed to

be able to determine the average voltage being produced subjected with a specific

speed.

In this data collection, the researchers still used the three different weights

45 kg, 50 kg, and 55 kg to determine the capacity of device in generating energy

in terms of the applied speed corresponds to specific time of 1 minute and with the

total voltages accumulated in both feet (left and right).

Based on the table above, the researchers tested the participant weighing

45 kg to know the effect of speed to the voltage produced by the device. First, the

participant stepped on the device under the first speed (1km/hr.) and it produces

1.18 V in an average after three trials respectively. After testing the device with a
 27

first speed, the participant then applied the second speed (2km/hr.) to the device

and it produces 2.52 V in average. After getting the data from first to moderate

speed the participant tested the device under third speed (3km/hr.) and then it

produces an average of 2.62 Volts. The data recorded under the third column

shows that the device can produce 2 V, 2.99 V, and 3.35 V subjected with the

speed of 1km/hr., 2km/hr., and 3km/hr. respectively. While the data recorded under

the fourth column are the voltages produced by the device under a 55 kg

participant. It produces 2.22 V, 3.86 V, and 4.90 V subjected with the speed of

1km/hr., 2km/hr., and 3km/hr. respectively.

Table 2, it indicates significant values of voltages showing that the speed of

the person would affect the amount of voltage that can be produced through the

piezoelectric shoe device.

4
45 kg
3
50 kg

2 55 kg

0
1km/hr 2km/hr 3km/hr

Figure 7: Overall Voltage Accumulated with Respect to the

Speed with Specific Weight
 28

Figure 7 shows the Mean values computed from each speed in lined with

its specific height. The speed 1km/hr. had mean values of 1.18 V, 2 V, and 2.22 V

with respect to the participants’ weight of 45 kg, 50 kg, and 55 kg. Meanwhile, the

speed of 2km/hr. had mean values of 2.52 V, 2.99 V, and 3.86 V with respect to

the participants’ weight of 45 kg, 50 kg, and 55 kg. Lastly, the speed 3km/hr. had

mean values of 2.62 V, 3.35 V, and 4.80 V with respect to the participants’ weight

of 45 kg, 50 kg, and 55 kg.

Through this data, the researchers observed that the speed of a person

greatly affects the voltage produced by the device through foot pressure. The

speed is directly proportional to the voltage that the device can produce. Thus, the

greater the speed, the greater the voltage the device can produce.

Overall, after gathering the data the researchers found out that the weight

and speed of the person affects the voltage produced by the device through foot

pressure. The greater the speed, the greater the voltage the device can produce.

In relation to weight, the greater the weight, the greater pressure and if the foot

pressure is heavy, the voltage that can be produced is huge. In combination, the

two variables which is the weight and speed greatly affect the amount of voltage

produced by the piezoelectric powered device.

 0

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion based on the

data gathered and the proposed recommendations by the researchers.

Summary of Findings

Based on the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the data, the

salient findings are as follows:

1. A person’s weights ranging from 45 – 55 kilograms can generate 0.56 –

1.48 volts respectively. This shows that the weight is directly proportional to

the accumulated voltage. Similarly, when the pressure applied is greater, it

can create a higher voltage.

2. A person with low speed and lower weight can generate the lowest

voltage while a person with the fastest speed with higher weight can create

the highest voltage. Thus, the speed shows direct proportionality to the

voltage produced.

3. Piezoelectric shoe device is designed to provide an alternative source of

electricity for the individual as well as the society especially in times of

emergency or frequent power outage.

 29

Conclusion

The piezoelectric transducer produces a voltage depending on the pressure

and speed applied. These two variables caused the changes to the amount of

accumulated voltage, where, as the weight pressure increases, the value of

generated potential difference will become higher. Likewise, as the speed

increases the voltage is also greater. This shows the proportional relationship

between the two variables (weight and speed) and the accumulation of voltages.

The researchers also found out that even though the weight and speed is constant,

but the accumulated voltage cannot be stable because of the other factors that

affects the applied pressure to the piezoelectric transducer elements such as the

human body motion wherein the flexibility and movement of the body can

contribute to the total force exerted. But the mean values have shown great

differences with each other, thus increasing as the speed and weight increase.

Moreover, the researchers have observed that diodes are a great help in

giving the current path as the piezoelectric transducers produce AC. It is also

observed that when the piezoelectric shoes are directly connected to a load, then

its voltages that can be produced are higher compared to just storing it with a

capacitor.

However, additionally, the researchers observe that series circuiting is

better creates high amount of voltages than in a parallel circuit in which an

unknown factor is acting behind. It was then noticed by the researchers that if a

transducer is made with parallel circuit, the unequal proportion of pressure applied
 30

in all the piezoelectric involved can lead in accumulating a voltage that is generally

smaller in amount.

Recommendations

Since the study aims to investigate the effectiveness of piezoelectric effect

as an alternative source of energy, the researchers gathered the results of the

experiments that have been done and found out that the weight and speed greatly

affects the amount of energy produced. The researchers only focus on these two

out of many variables, hence, the other should also be considered. Based on the

overall findings, the following points are recommended:

1. It is better to examine other factors (not just the weight) influencing the

capacity of piezoelectric device to generate electricity in order to attain the

credibility of the results and it is recommended to experiment these factors

which could improve the energy production.

2. It is strongly recommended to test different speed to be able to have great

range of comparison for the data.

3. Find other materials in which the piezoelectric transducers can be attached

like floor mats, doors, drums, mats, speakers and other materials that can

produce pressure
 31

Further Recommendations

This part provides further recommendations that can be applied for the

improvement of the prototype which is Piezoelectric Shoe Device which can be

serve as the basis for future studies.

1. Using wood plate can help in adding pressure to the elements which creates

much higher voltage. However, sometimes it makes uncomfortable for a

person who wears the shoes. Therefore, it is further recommended to use

comfortable materials instead of those wood plate that was previously used.

2. The size of the piezoelectric transducer also matters. Thus, it is further

recommended to use larger size of the material.

3. It is further recommended to use the piezoelectric transducer carefully as it

will weaken its capacity to generate a high amount of voltage once it was

damaged or destroyed.

4. Use high quality piezoelectric transducers to ensure the durability,

efficiency, and sustainability of the device.

5. Adding the number of piezoelectric transducers could also be a great idea

considering further the type of circuit used. In the study, the researchers

used series circuit because it has been found that parallel is less effective.

Thus, it is recommended to try series-parallel circuit to determine how it

differs from series only or parallel circuit only in terms of the amount of

voltage accumulated.
 0

CHAPTER VI

PROPOSED PROGRAM

“Piezoelectric Shoe Device”

The high demand of using electricity leads to the depletion of nonrenewable

resources. Since every individual as well as the whole nation relies on the use of

electricity. This becomes a challenge to the people as most of the things require

electricity in order for it to function. The loss of energy resources become a problem

for the energy development and that, in order to minimize this issue, the

proponents innovate a piezoelectric shoe device that can produce alternative

energy. This can be done by applying pressure to the device which is made up of

piezoelectric transducers. Based on the findings of the study, the device can

generate enough energy to be stored in a power bank to supply the needs of the

individual and may serve as the intervention of the study.

The only function of the shoes is to protect and provide comfortability of the

human foot, or it can also be an item for decoration and fashion. In this study, shoe

can be used to give it more usable functions, which is to produce an alternative

source of energy. As the piezoelectric materials are known for generating energy

when the pressure is applied into it, then an idea of attaching the piezoelectric

transducers to the shoes came up. When a person is wearing the piezoelectric

shoes in walking or running, his/her footsteps can produce potential difference

which can be converted and stored as a usable energy.

 32

Figure 8: Schematic Diagram

In a wood plate, five (5) piezoelectric transducers with a diameter of 35 mm

were connected in a series circuit. Having a positive (+) at the center and a

negative (-) terminal at the tip portion of the elements. The two ends of the wires,

positive and negative ends, is connected to the diodes with the sides of different

terminals.

The four (4) diodes are assembled in a square-like form. With positive

terminal of one diode is connected to the positive terminal of another diode. On the

other side, the two remaining diodes will be connected the same to the first two but

with the negative terminals. Thereafter, the positive end will be connected to the

negative end of the diode. The same format as on the other side, creating opposite

sides with both unequal signs and another opposite sides with the same signs.

The diodes with a side of the same terminals are further connected to the

capacitor. Both positive sides of the diodes to the negative terminal of the

capacitor, oppositely, the negative sides of the diodes to the capacitor’s positive
 33

terminal. Then directly to the portable battery pack which serves as its permanent

storage of energy.

The purpose of the diodes is to control the flow of the voltage in a circuit. It

manages the direction of the flow of electrical current which results in one direction

only converting Alternating Current (AC) into Direct Current (DC). Using this, the

accumulated voltage will become positive which then temporarily stored to the

capacitor.

The capacitor serves as a component that creates a delay to the flow of

electric current when it was discharged. However, the battery will permanently

store the electric charge unlike to the capacitor. To sum it up, the flow of current

will travel to the diodes which converts it into direct current and to the capacitor for

temporary storage directly to the battery for permanent storage.

 34

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTERNET:

Hehn, T. and Manoli, Y. (2014). CMOS Circuits for Piezoelectric Energy

Harvesters: Efficient Power Extraction, Interface Modeling and Loss Analysis.

Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-017-9288-2.

Vives, A. A. (2008). Piezoelectric Transducers and Applications. Retrieved from

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-540-77508-9.

Mitcheson, P.D. et al. (2008). Energy Harvesting from Human and Machine

Motion for Wireless Electronic Devices. Retrieved from

https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/1219/1/proc_IEEE_08.pdf.

Renzenbrink, T. (2011). Converting Footsteps into Electricity. Retrieved from

https://www.elektormagazine.com/articles/converting-footsteps-

intoelectricity?fbclid=IwAR1lUy6QbPM6xID12kbPsSSKbMuMW0Nt7d8rreY3EJy

4nVuz1OgbasY71Y.

Yang, C. (2016). What is the Piezoelectric Effect? Retrieved from

https://www.electronicdesign.com/power-management/article/21801833/what-

isthe-piezoelectric-effect.

Ascas, A. (2014). Electricity Generating Footwear - Generate Electricity by

Walking. Retrieved from https://www.instructables.com/id/Electricity-Generating-

Footwear/.
Garvey, J. (2010). Piezoelectric generator creates power from shoes. Retrieved

from https://newatlas.com/piezoelectric-generator-shoes/14945/.
 35

Mehrotra, U. (2016). Walking Charging Using Piezo – Electric materials.

Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308719637_WALKING_CHARGER_US

ING_PIEZO-ELECTRIC_MATERIAL.

BOOKS:

Dakhole, A. and Doke, A. (2017). Electrical Energy Harvesting from Mechanical

which creates a Pressure of Vehicles Using Piezoelectric Generators. IOSR

Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE).

Ajmal, M., Sarwar, W., Anum, M. (2018). Footstep Power Generation Using

Piezoelectric Sensor. Department of Electrical Engineering Army Public College

of Management and Sciences.

Zhao, J. and You, Z. (2014). A Shoe-Embedded Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

for Wearable Sensors. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S.

National Library of Medicine.

Erhart, J. (2014). Piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity Phenomena and properties.

Department of Physics: FP TUL.

Cohen, R. (2007). First Principles Theories of Piezoelectric Materials. Carnegie

Institution of Washington: Washington, D.C. USA.

 36

APPENDIX A

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

Treadmill Multimeter
 37

APPENDIX B

TIMETABLE OF ACTIVITIES

NOVEMBER 2019
3rd week Changing research topic
Making rationale and theoretical background
Making methodologies
Editing/Proofreading
4th week Checking of Chapter III (Research Methodologies)
5th week Examining the materials
Revising Chapters I – III
Finalization of Chapters I - III

DECEMBER 2019
2nd week Determining the wiring type (series or parallel)
Start of experimentation
4th week Installing other materials in the prototype
5th week Finalizing the prototype
Testing
Improving the prototype

JANUARY 2020
4th week Planning for the method to used
5th week Revising the research methodology

FEBRUARY 2020
1st week Recording the data results
2nd week Analyzing the data
3rd week Finalizing the prototype
 38

APPENDIX C

RESEARCH BUDGET

Materials Quantity Cost/Unit Total Cost

Piezoelectric
10 18 180
transducers (35mm)

Solid wire 10 1 10

Connecting wires 7 5 35

Soldering lead 2 15 30

Soldering iron x 255 x

Soldering Paste x 10 x

Multi tester x 700 x

Capacitor 5 10 50

Diode 8 10 80

Mounting tape 1 25 25

Breadboard 130

Total Cost: 540

 39

APPENDIX D

CURRICULUM VITAE

Cielo C. Alegam
E. Sabellano St., Clippers Drive, Quiot Pardo, Cebu City
09199466457
[email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
NAME : Cielo C. Alegam
HOME ADDRESS : E. Sabellano St., Clippers Drive, Quiot Pardo,
Cebu City
PLACE OF BIRTH : Cebu City
PARENT’S NAME : Gilbert C. Alegam
Imelda C. Alegam

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Graduated – 2020
 40

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Don Vicente Rama Memorial National

High School
Macopa St., Basak Pardo, Cebu City

Graduated – 2018

ELEMENTARY : Don Vicente Rama Memorial National High

School
Macopa St., Basak Pardo, Cebu City

Graduated – 2014

SEMINARS/TRAININGS
March 18, 2017 S.A.V.E.R.S Training Camp Marina, Capitol Hills

September 9, 2017 iLEAD Seminar University of San Jose Recoletos

November 17-19, Patrol Leader’s Camp Lawaan, Talisay

2017 Permit Course

September 23, 2017 Mega Cebu Youth SM Seaside, Sky Hall 2

Convention

January 13, 14, 19 & Sinulog Staff 2018 Cebu City Sports Complex
21, 2018

January 30, 2018 Cebu City Educational Robinsons Galleria

Fair Facilitator
 41

Jefferson J. Beltran
San Carlos Heights Quiot, Cebu City
[email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
NAME : Jefferson J. Beltran
HOME ADDRESS : San Carlos Heights Quiot, Cebu City
PLACE OF BIRTH : Cebu City
PARENT’S NAME : Nelson C. Beltran
Mirasol J. Beltran

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Graduated – 2020

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Abellana National High School

Osmeña Blvd, Cebu City

Graduated – 2018

ELEMENTARY : Punta Prinsesa Elementary School

Brgy. Punta Prinsesa, Cebu City

Graduated – 2014
 42

SEMINARS/TRAININGS
January 31, 2017 Poku-Poku Seminar Abellana National High School

September 9, 2017 Suicide Causes & Lahug, Cebu City

Prevention

February 12, 2018 Poku-Poku Festival Family Park

 43

Shanice Dimples A. Camacho

Villa San Pedro 11, Basak Pardo, Cebu City
09421689070
[email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
NAME : Shanice Dimples A. Camacho
HOME ADDRESS : Villa San Pedro 11, Basak Pardo, Cebu City
PLACE OF BIRTH : Cebu City
PARENT’S NAME : Eddie-boy T. Camacho
Amilen A. Camacho

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City

Graduated – 2020

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Don Vicente Rama Memorial National

High School
Macopa St., Basak Pardo, Cebu City

Graduated – 2018

ELEMENTARY : Don Vicente Rama Memorial National

High School
 44

Macopa St., Basak Pardo, Cebu City

Graduated – 2014
SEMINARS/TRAININGS
2015 – 2017 Journalism: The Ten DVRMNHS
Reflections Yearly Seminar
January 2017 STEWARD Society Environment DVRMNHS
Awareness Campaign

August 2019 (CESAFI) Training Cebu Institute of

Technology-
University
February 2018 Disaster Risk Readiness & Cebu Institute of
Reduction Seminar Technology –
University
 45

Francisco N. Garcia III

St. Joseph Village, Tunghaan, Minglanilla, Cebu City
09225141021
[email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
NAME : Francisco N. Garcia III
HOME ADDRESS : St. Joseph, Tunghaan, Minglanilla, Cebu City
PLACE OF BIRTH : Cebu City
PARENT’S NAME : Franciso Y. Garcia Jr.
Angelica B. Navarro

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
Graduated – 2020
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Divino Amore Academy
Lower Mohon, Talisay, Cebu City
Graduated – 2018
ELEMENTARY : Virgen de las Escuelas Pias School
Lawaan, Talisay, Cebu City
Graduated – 2014
 46

SEMINARS/TRAININGS
March 2018 Citizenship Advancement Divino Amore Academy
Training

June 14, 2018 Anti-Bullying Seminar Cebu Institute of Technology-

University
August 18, 2018 HIV & Teenage Cebu Institute of Technology-
Pregnancy Seminar University

February 21, 2018 SHS Career Planning Cebu Institute of Technology-

University
 47

Caroline Y. Malinao
Skyview Park Nivel Hills, Busay, Cebu City
09471052079
[email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
NAME : Caroline Y. Malinao
HOME ADDRESS : Skyview Park Nivel Hills, Busay, Cebu City
PLACE OF BIRTH : Cebu City
PARENT’S NAME : Norberto P. Malinao
Mercedita Y. Malinao

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
Graduated – 2020
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL : St. Paul College Foundation Inc.
F. Ramos Street, Cebu City
Graduated – 2018
ELEMENTARY : Lahug Christian School
Gorordo Ave., Cebu City
 48

Graduated – 2014
SEMINARS/TRAININGS
July 2018 CESAFI Training Cebu Institute of Technology –
University

August 25, 2018 CESAFI Training Cebu City Sports Complex

October 8-11, 2018 Reel Escape 3.0, Cebu Institute of Technology-

Antitheist Program University

August 2019 CESAFI Training Cebu City Sports Complex

 49

Irine Jane L. Sarte

F. Pacaña, Tres de Abril, Labangon, Cebu City
09072182206
[email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
NAME : Irine Jane L. Sarte
HOME ADDRESS : F. Pacaña, Tres de Abril, Labangon, Cebu City
PLACE OF BIRTH : Tulang, Argao, Cebu
PARENT’S NAME : Damacino C. Sarte Sr.
Felipa D. Luna

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
Graduated – 2020
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL : Colawin National High School
Colawin, Argao, Cebu
Graduated – 2018
ELEMENTARY : Colawin Elementary School
 50

Colawin, Argao, Cebu

Graduated – 2014
SEMINARS/TRAININGS
July 18-19, 2019 Red Cross Youth – Talamban, Cebu City
Leadership Development
Program

January 14, 2018 Anti-Bullying Seminar Colawin National High School

August 19, 2018 Drug Prevention Seminar Cebu Institute of Technology-

University