ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

INDIRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Approved By AICTE New Delhi, DTE (MS) and Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University

A SEMINAR REPORT

ON
​ ​ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN
​ ​UPCOMING FUTURE
SUBMITTED

BY

VIKRANT KUMAR(23209)

Under the Guidance of

DR. PRIYA PISE

FOR THE YEAR 2019-2020

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

INDIRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND 

MANAGEMENT
Approved By AICTE New Delhi, DTE (MS) and Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that -

VIKRANT KUMAR(23209)

has delivered his/her seminar and submitted report

on

​ RTIFICIAL
​A INTELLIGENCE​ ​ IN ​UPCOMING​ ​FUTURE

of Year 2017-18 towards the partial fulfillment of T.E.(Computer Engineering) as per

Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Date:

Place:

Dr. Priya Pise Dr. Priya Pise

Seminar Guide H.O.D. (Computer Engg.)

Prof. Poonam Sadafal

Prof. Uzmamasrat F. Shaikh
Seminar Coordinator

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With immense pleasure, I am presenting this Seminar report as part of the

curriculum of T.E. Computer Engineering. I wish to thank all the people who gave me
unending support right from the stage the idea was conceived.

We take this opportunity to convey our sincere thanks to our beloved principal
Dr. Sunil Ingole for his continual support and encouragement that made the Seminar a
great success.

We express our profound thanks to our respected Head of the Department, ​Dr.
Priya Pise ​whose advice and valuable guidance helped us in making this Seminar an
interesting and successful one.

We are appreciative to our Seminar Coordinator Prof. Poonam Sadafal & Prof.
Uzmamasrat F. Shaikh ​for their great support throughout the course of our Seminar.

We are grateful to our internal guide ​Dr. Priya Pise for her support and guidance
throughout the course of our Seminar.

We also thank all those who have directly or indirectly guided and helped us in
preparation of this Seminar.

Last but not the least we thank our beloved parents, friends and well-wishers who
helped us to do this Seminar by their kind help and assistance.

VIKRANT KUMAR​(23209)

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ABSTRACT

This document is a proposal for the ​“ ​artificial intelligence in the upcoming future”
for the fulfillment of the course​.​There are many new technological innovations that are
changing how we live our lives, but artificial intelligence, or AI, may present the most
exciting changes. While AI has been around for a while now, recent improvements have
made the technology much more adaptable. Looking into the future, it’s easy to predict a
world in which artificial intelligence plays a more significant role in our daily lives. ​There’s
virtually no major industry modern AI — more specifically, “narrow AI,” which performs
objective functions using data-trained models and often falls into the categories of deep
learning or machine learning — hasn’t already affected. That’s especially true in the past
few years, as data collection and analysis has ramped up considerably thanks to robust
IoT connectivity, the proliferation of connected devices and ever-speedier computer
processing.

In general, artificial intelligence is going to change almost every aspect of daily life. While
we will look for ways to make use of it in the home, AI will also be adopted by local and
state governments, as well as by the business sector. Before long, there will be few
things unaffected by AI technology. AI applications will fulfill the promise that computers
would make our lives easier. AI technology will help us live happier and healthier lives,
while also helping us conserve time, energy, and money.

Keywords: ​Smart Band, GPS/GSM, Smart phone application. Smart Grid, Smart Plug,
Building automation, IoT, Demand side management.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. CONTENTS PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION 8-9
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 10-13
2.1 Survey 10
3. MOTIVATION 14-15
3.1 Motivation 14
3.2 Objective 14
3.3 Problem Definition 15
3.4 Scope 15
4. DESCRIPTION 16-29
4.1 Description 16
4.2 AI the future of computer science 18

3
5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
5.1 ​ADVANTAGES
5.2 Disadvantages

6. CONCLUSION
7. REFERENCES

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.1 The Future of AI: Toward Truly Intelligent 41

Artificial Intelligences and its applications

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

4 DESCRIPTION 16-28
4.1 Description Diagram 16

4.2 ​Features of Artificial Intelligen​ce 18

4.3 ​Future in different fields 19

4.4 ​Transportation 20
4.5 ​Manufacturing 21
4.6 ​ Healthcare 24
4.7 ​ Education 24
4.8 ​Media 25
4.9 ​Customer Service 26

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

In general, artificial intelligence is going to change almost every aspect of daily

life. While we will look for ways to make use of it in the home, AI will also be
adopted by local and state governments, as well as by the business sector.
Before long, there will be few things unaffected by AI technology.The field of
cybernetics has already begun to meld with artificial intelligence and that trend is
expected to continue. By incorporating AI technology into robotics, we’ll soon be
able to enhance our own bodies, giving us greater strength, longevity, and
endurance. While cybernetics may help us enhance our healthy bodies, the
application of this technology is really aimed at helping the disabled. Those
individuals, who have amputated limbs or permanent paralysis, can be given a
much higher quality of life. Cybernetic limbs that can communicate with the brain
can become almost as useful as natural limbs. In the future, artificial limbs may
even become stronger, faster, and more efficient.

In addition to helping us enhance our bodies, AI technology is also expected to

help us create artificial lifeforms. Science fiction has long suggested the concept
of human-like robots that are capable of complex interactions. That future may
not be very far off at this point. As the field of robotics advances and incorporates
AI technology, robots will become useful in a variety of ways. They can take on
dangerous jobs and do work that poses health risks to people. Even today,
drones and less sophisticated robots are performing welding and other
hazardous tasks, though they’re typically controlled by an operator via a remote.

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Artificial intelligence has already made its way into many homes, but it will soon
be indispensable in most households. As we move closer toward becoming a
technologically driven society, AI applications will fulfill the promise that
computers would make our lives easier. AI technology will help us live happier
and healthier lives, while also helping us conserve time, energy, and money.

The final goal of artificial intelligence (AI)—that a machine can have a type of
general intelligence similar to a human’s—is one of the most ambitious ever
proposed by science. In terms of difficulty, it is comparable to other great
scientific goals, such as explaining the origin of life or the Universe, or
discovering the structure of matter. In recent centuries, this interest in building
intelligent machines has led to the invention of models or metaphors of the
human brain. In the seventeenth century, for example, Descartes wondered
whether a complex mechanical system of gears, pulleys, and tubes could
possibly emulate thought. Two centuries later, the metaphor had become
telephone systems, as it seemed possible that their connections could be likened
to a neural network. Today, the dominant model is computational and is based
on the digital computer.

From self-driving cars to healthcare diagnosis, stock market analysis, and even
things as insignificant as editing selfies, there’s no doubt that artificial intelligence
will play an increasingly larger role in day-to-day life as the future unfolds.It may
be a gradual shift as the capabilities of AI rise to the challenges that humans
present, but rapid or gradual, the change is coming. As that change takes place,
it will likely help to usher in an entirely new era of technology and human
advancement in the process.

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Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 SURVEY
Paper 1:

Topic:-​On the Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Distributed Ledger

Technology: A Scoping Review and Future Research Agenda

Author:​ - Konstantin D. Pandl ; Scott Thiebes ; Manuel Schmidt-Kraepelin ; Ali

Sunyaev

Publication: - ​IEEE Paper Publications.

Abstract:- ​Developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Distributed Ledger

Technology (DLT) currently lead to lively debates in academia and practice. AI
processes data to perform tasks that were previously thought possible only for humans.
DLT has the potential to create consensus over data among a group of participants in
uncertain environments. In recent research, both technologies are used in similar and
even the same systems. Examples include the design of secure distributed ledgers or
the creation of allied learning systems distributed across multiple nodes. This can lead to
technological convergence, which in the past, has paved the way for major innovations
in information technology. Previous work highlights several potential benefits of the
convergence of AI and DLT but only provides a limited theoretical framework to describe
upcoming real-world integration cases of both technologies. We aim to contribute by
conducting a systematic literature review on previous work and providing rigorously
derived future research opportunities. This work helps researchers active in AI or DLT to
overcome current limitations in their field, and practitioners to develop systems along
with the convergence of both technologies.

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Paper 2:  

Topic: -​ ​Uses of Artificial Intelligence in Health

Author: -​ ​Ed Godber

Publication: ​2018 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications
and Innovations (IC-AIAI)

Abstract: - ​The use of artificial intelligence in health is growing rapidly. In this

paper, a number of case studies were reviewed to elicit the sensitivity of health
impact to parameters of AI design and application context. At a high level, the
speed at which breakthroughs are happening is highly encouraging. Whereas
application to core science or health preservation is working well, however,
things are much more challenging at the intersection with healthcare itself. In
particular lack of game alignment, lack of regulation and cognitive dissonance
between the intuition of the AI architect and that of the healthcare practitioner
would benefit from much more attention and cross-fertilisation. Whilst not
quantified here, there were early signals that impact will be highest where such
exchange of intuition has been explored and engineered into the system.

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Paper 3:  
 
Topic: -​ ​The Role of AI in the Transformation of Mobile Operators

Author: - ​Mirjana Stojanovic ​; ​Zorica Bogdanovic ​; ​Dušan Barac ​; ​Miloš Radenkovic ​;

Jelena Mihajlovic-Milicevic

Publication: ​-​ ​2019 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Applications and

Innovations (IC-AIAI)

Abstract— ​Today, telco operators have vast amounts of data collected from
numerous data sources. To prepare themselves for the future, to be able to operate
and maintain the upcoming 5G network and to meet the expectations of the new
generation of the customers, operators must use these data in the best possible
way. Due to the complexity, variety, and volume of the data, the artificial intelligence
is inevitable in this process. In the first part, this paper portrays the possible
applications of artificial intelligence in the telecommunications and the relevant
engagements of mobile operators worldwide. The second part of this paper outlines
a possible application of AI which should boost customer satisfaction and improve
telco assets utilization.

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Paper 4:

Topic: -​On the relation between human and robots in the future-a
perspective from fuzzy engineering and artificial life

Author:​ -​T. Unemi ​; ​Y. Inagaki ​; ​S. Ono ​; ​H. Aisu ​; ​H. Sugie

Publication: ​-​ ​Proceedings of 1995 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems.

Abstract: -​This paper presents the underlying consideration during three

years' work at the authors' laboratory. The theme is a human-friendly
robot system that lives together with humans. The keyword is
symbiosis among human and robots. The philosophical issue we
should mention is on the suitable relation between them in the
future. First, historical consideration is made, then three levels of
human-machine relations are proposed. Our research is at the rule level,
where robots have heuristic knowledge to infer a human's intention by
observing his/her behavior. Fuzzy technology is useful to encode this
level of knowledge. We have to make more consideration for
upcoming new stage on artifacts where they evolve by themselves
supported by artificial life technology.
Chapter 3
MOTIVATION

3.1 MOTIVATION
The final goal of artificial intelligence (AI)—that a machine can have a type of ​general
intelligence similar to a human’s—is one of the most ambitious ever proposed by science.
In terms of difficulty, it is comparable to other great scientific goals, such as explaining
the origin of life or the Universe, or discovering the structure of matter. In recent
centuries, this interest in building intelligent machines has led to the invention of models
or metaphors of the human brain. In the seventeenth century, for example, Descartes

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wondered whether a complex mechanical system of gears, pulleys, and tubes could
possibly emulate thought. Two centuries later, the metaphor had become telephone
systems, as it seemed possible that their connections could be likened to a neural
network. Today, the dominant model is computational and is based on the digital
computer.
IFM is just one of countless AI innovators in a field that’s hotter than ever and
getting more so all the time. Here’s a good indicator: Of the 9,100 patents
received by IBM inventors in 2018, 1,600 (or nearly 18 percent) were AI-related.
Here’s another: Tesla founder and tech titan Elon Musk recently donated $10
million to fund ongoing research at the non-profit research company ​OpenAI — a
mere drop in the proverbial bucket if his ​$1 billion co-pledge in 2015 is any
indication. And in 2017, Russian president Vladimir Putin told school children
that “Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere [AI] will become the ruler of the
world.” He then tossed his head back and laughed maniacally.

3.2 OBJECTIVE
“[AI] is going to change the world more than anything in the history of
mankind. More than electricity.”— AI oracle and venture capitalist Dr.
Kai-Fu Lee, 2018

During a lecture last fall at Northwestern University, AI guru Kai-Fu Lee

championed AI technology and its forthcoming impact while also noting its side
effects and limitations. Of the former, he warned:

“The bottom 90 percent, especially the bottom 50 percent of the world in terms of
income or education, will be badly hurt with job displacement…The simple
question to ask is, ‘How routine is a job?’ And that is how likely [it is] a job will be
replaced by AI, because AI can, within the routine task, learn to optimize itself.
And the more quantitative, the more objective the job is—separating things into

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bins, washing dishes, picking fruits and answering customer service calls—those
are very much scripted tasks that are repetitive and routine in nature. In the
matter of five, 10 or 15 years, they will be displaced by AI.”

In the warehouses of online giant and AI powerhouse Amazon, which buzz with
more than 100,000 robots, picking and packing functions are still performed by
humans — but that will change.

3.3 PROBLEM DEFINITION

From SIRI to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly.

While science fiction often portrays AI as robots with human-like characteristics,
AI can encompass anything from Google’s search algorithms to IBM’s Watson to
autonomous weapons.

Artificial intelligence today is properly known as ​narrow AI (or weak AI)​, in

that it is designed to perform a narrow task (e.g. only facial recognition or only
internet searches or only driving a car). However, the long-term goal of many
researchers is to create ​general AI (AGI or strong AI)​. While narrow AI may
outperform humans at whatever its specific task is, like playing chess or solving
equations, AGI would outperform humans at nearly every cognitive task.

3.4 SCOPE
The scope of AI in science is the largest.​The future Artificial
Intelligence (AI) has the ability to change the world. While from the
time when the Turing Analysis was introduced, computers have become
so smart. Artificial Intelligence is quickly turning into a major economic
energy. Definitely it will be an essential part of human life in
future. However , an important question remains is that what will
occur if the review of robust Artificial Intelligence be successful and an
Artificial Intelligence system come to be better than humans. We have

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confidence this session will help us to discuss, improve and avoid

such possible outcomes in the future.
● AI in Industries
● AI in Medical

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Chapter 4
DESCRIPTION
4.1 DESCRIPTION

Figure No-4.1
Artificial intelligence is so revolutionary, that some people think of it as the new
age electricity. When Benjamin Franklin first discovered electricity, it was
thought of as extremely profound- something that changed our lives forever.
Scientists and researchers are regarding AI to be equally revolutionary-
something that will transform the way most industries work. But what is so
special about AI? What are the attributes that make people think of AI as high as
they do of electricity? What is it about AI that one has to know to make it big in
the tech industry? You might also be thinking about the important features of
artificial intelligence?

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Let’s discuss some advantages of ​artificial intelligence that make people think of
AI as high as they do of electricity.

Features of Artificial Intelligence

These are the features of AI that make it unique:

● Eliminate dull and boring tasks

● Data ingestion
● Imitates human cognition
● Futuristic
● Prevent natural disasters
● Facial Recognition and Chatbots

You must be aware of how AI is revolutionizing the way we live and get things
done. It learns, reasons and does self-correct. Since it has become a master with
its applications, we, in this article will understand how it is advancing
dramatically.

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4.2 ​Features of Artificial Intelligence

These are the features of AI that make it unique:

● Eliminate dull and boring tasks

● Data ingestion
● Imitates human cognition
● Futuristic
● Prevent natural disasters
● Facial Recognition and Chatbots

Figure No-4.2

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1. Eliminate Dull and Boring Tasks

All of us have, at some point, accomplished a certain task just because we

had to do it, not because we enjoyed doing it. We found that task to be
boring, or dull. However, with a machine, you never have to experience
similar boredness. An artificially intelligent system will do and continue
doing the task as commanded to it, no matter how many times it has to
do it. Also, such systems only make tedious, vast tasks easier for the
users.

Let’s take, an example of AI, Dialog Flow which is a subsidiary company

of Google, that takes credit for creating the Google assistant. We give so
many commands to this assistant in a single day! From asking Ok
Google, call mom, to Ok Google, order sandwiches – the assistant has it
all covered.

2. Data Ingestion

Data ingestion is one of the most important features of artificial

intelligence. Artificially intelligent systems deal with huge amounts of
data. Even a small company of about 50 employees has huge chunks of
data to analyze, we can’t even imagine the quantity of data that handle.

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One such example of artificial intelligence would be Elucify, which is

basically a database of multiple business contacts. Elucify works on a
basic principle – give, to receive. The user has to create an account here
and sign in, after which the information of the user’s contacts is
accessible and shareable by the system. In return, the user gets relevant
business contacts, which might be potential customers. In other words,
Elucify is crowdsourcing this data. This explains so much about the
coaching centers that first call your friend, then you, and then other
friends of yours belonging to the same batch.

3. Futuristic

AI-enabled systems are designed to observe and react to their

surroundings. They not only perceive the environment and take actions
accordingly but also keep in mind (isn’t it ironic that I just used ‘mind’
for artificial intelligence?) the situations that might come up in the near
future.

The classic example of this characteristic would be a self-driven car. It

notes the speed of the cars that are driving around and tries
implementing similar speed patterns in the traffic, also known as
networks.

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4. Facial Recognition and Chatbots

Facial recognition system enables a machine to unlock or provide

authorized access to an individual, by verifying or identifying a person’s
face. A camera fit into the machine senses the face, and it is compared to
a previously stored face in its memory. Most smartphones these days
provide facial recognition to unlock the phone.

My friends are notorious and don’t stop pulling pranks on me. One day, I
accidentally revealed my phone’s password to them. Afraid that they
would mess up, I simply changed the security setting from password to
facial recognition. Now, only I am able to unlock my phone and this has
saved me from any kind of embarrassment.

4.3 Future of AI – ‘Coz it’s time to get high on AI

​ ​Before diving into what could possibly be the future of AI, we first need to
understand the journey it has been through. This will take us back to 1950, when
a British mathematician and logician, Alan Turing, created a test to check the
ability of a machine to think like a human. After multiple setbacks and successes,
today we have reached a stage where technologies are converging and data is
proliferating.
“Predicting the future isn’t magic, it’s artificial intelligence.” – Dave Waters

We can’t even imagine a single day when some sort of AI technology is not
assisting us. From spam filters and smart replies in Gmail to mobile banking and

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Google maps, AI has not left even a single stone unturned to reach where it is
right now.

Future of Artificial Intelligence

So let us take a look at what possibly could be the future of AI:

1. Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning,​ ​ in simple words, is an algorithm or programming that

uses a system of reward and punishment to train algorithms. A simple example of
this can be. Suppose you want to teach your dog to sit. You will tell the dog to sit
and at first, the dog will make a random action. If the action is not what we want
then we give a negative reward so that the dog will do that action less. When we
get the desired action, we will give a positive reward by giving a biscuit to the dog.
This way the dog can be reinforced to learn things and then can make certain
decisions.

2. Automated Transportation

The thought that someday, we will be sitting in the backseat of our car,
and the car will drive itself to places (as per our instructions) is scary yet
exciting. Automated transportation is exactly that. It has five levels,

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which basically represents the extent of autonomy achieved.

3. Machines are Going to be as Smart as Humans

Vincent C. Muller and Nick Bostrom, two researchers conducted a survey in 2014
to find out when do AI experts think that human-level AI or Artificial General
Intelligence will arrive. Surprisingly enough, they found that there is a 50-50
chance that we will achieve human-level AI by 2040.

Author James Barrat, in his book Our Final Invention, wrote, “Within thirty
years, we will have the technological means to create superhuman intelligence.
Shortly after, the human era will end.” The book also states that AI will improvise
itself in the coming years to become artificial super intelligence.

He compares AI to nuclear fission, both simultaneously destructive and

illuminatory. (Nuclear Fission is the scientific process of splitting up the nucleus
of an atom into two or more parts.)

6. Reach the Next Level in Science

Popular writer William Gibson quote, ‘The future is here. It’s just not evenly
distributed yet.’ In 2018, a robot Eve developed by the scientists of Manchester,
Aberystwyth, and Cambridge Universities recently discovered that a certain
ingredient in toothpaste is helpful in curing drug-resistant malaria. This really

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proves that the use of AI is not only going to boost development in science but
has a much bigger role to play for the greater good.

4.3 Different fields of artificial intelligence

● Transportation:​ Although it could take ​a decade or more​ to perfect

them, autonomous cars will one day ferry us from place to place.
● Manufacturing: ​AI powered robots work alongside humans to perform a
limited range of tasks like assembly and stacking, and predictive analysis
sensors keep equipment running smoothly.
● Healthcare:​ In the comparatively AI-nascent field of healthcare, diseases
are more quickly and accurately diagnosed, drug discovery is sped up and
streamlined, virtual nursing assistants monitor patients and big data
analysis helps to create a more personalized patient experience.
● Education:​ Textbooks are digitized with the help of AI, early-stage
virtual tutors assist human instructors and facial analysis gauges the
emotions of students to help determine who’s struggling or bored and
better tailor the experience to their individual needs.
● Media:​ Journalism is harnessing AI, too, and will continue to benefit
from it. Bloomberg uses Cyborg technology to help make quick sense of
complex financial reports. The Associated Press employs the natural
language abilities of Automated Insights to produce 3,700 earning reports
stories per year — nearly four times more than in the recent past.
● Customer Service:​ Last but hardly least, Google is working on an AI
assistant that can place human-like calls to make appointments at, say,
your neighborhood hair salon. In addition to words, the system
understands context and nuance.

4.4 Transportation:
​ ​AI​ in transportation & infrastructure can collect traffic data to reduce
congestion and improve the scheduling of public transport, Transport is affected
by traffic flow, ​AI​ will allow streamlined traffic patterns, Smarter traffic light
algorithms & real-time tracking can control higher and lower traffic patterns
effectively, This can be applied to public transport for optimal scheduling &
routing.
The transportation can use ​Artificial Intelligence (AI) in mission-critical tasks
such as ​self-driving vehicles carrying passengers, ​AI is used to predict the paths
of pedestrians and cyclists, it will decrease traffic accidents and injuries, it will
allow for more diverse transportation usage and an overall reduction in
emissions.

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Transportation problems arise when system behavior is too difficult to model

according to a predictable pattern, affected by things such as traffic, human
errors, or accidents, In such cases, the unpredictability can be aided by ​AI​, ​AI can
use observed data to make or predict decisions appropriately, NNs & GAs are
perfect ​AI​ methods to deal with these types of unpredictability.

Artificial intelligence in transportation

Machine learning could soon be used to predict and prevent traffic jams,
Artificial intelligence improves public safety, Safety of citizens when traveling by
public transport in urban areas is improved by tracking crime data in real time,
This will allow the police to increase its efficiency by patrolling & keeping the
citizens safe.

AI drives the evolution of the next generation of Intelligent Transportation

Systems, ​Artificial Intelligence & its branch ​Machine Learning enable
transportation agencies, cities & private car owners to use the power of modern
computer and communication technologies and make mobility a much safer &
activity, High-end commercial CPUs, GPUs and IoT communication technologies
such as LTE, ​5G & LPWAN have created possibilities of several applications of
Big Data and ​Artificial Intelligence​ in the Transportation sector.

Artificial intelligence can be applied to traffic management & decision-making

systems to enhance and streamline traffic management and make our roads
smarter, Traffic management systems can recognize the physical &
environmental conditions that can lead to heavier traffic flow & congestion, They
can automatically suggest alternate routes to relieve any traffic that has been
formed.

Applications of AI in the transportation industry

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Artificial intelligence can be used in designing an optimal transit network for a

given community, developing an optimal work plan for maintaining and
rehabilitating a pavement network, and developing an optimal timing plan for a
group of traffic signals, ​Artificial intelligence can be used for identifying specific
classes of drivers based on driver behavior, It is used for decision support
systems for transportation planning.

Artificial intelligence ​is used in law enforcement capacities, This can be a

challenge to human officers due to the speeds at which vehicles and passengers
can come into and out of view, with ​artificial intelligence​, this is no longer such
an issue, By using advanced analytics and data processing capabilities, ​AI ​could
help to detect & identify when a driver is drinking or texting behind the wheel
and alert any officers within the local area to intercept them.

Artificial intelligence can manage the transmission & processing of received data
as well as optimize connectivity to ensure the best connection, ​Artificial
intelligence can be used in nonlinear prediction of the behavior of systems in
which inputs & outputs, Traffic demand modeling, or in modeling the
transportation infrastructure health as a function of traffic, construction and
weathering.

AI can be used in signal control of traffic at road intersections, ramp metering on

freeways, dynamic route guidance, positive train control on railroads, ​AI can be
used in automatic incident detection, It is used in image processing for traffic
data collection & identifying cracks in pavements or bridge structures and
transportation equipment diagnosis.

Self-driving trucks can take over a lot of our dirty work such as plowing snow &
collecting garbage, They could be utilized in freight, capable of transporting
2,000,000 pallets per year, ​Driverless Bus is a safer way to travel, Already
driverless buses have been popping up across Europe, using ​sensors​, ​cameras​,
and ​GPS​ to safely ferry passengers to their destinations.

Self-driving trucks can reduce the number of accidents on highways and increase
productivity, Artificial intelligence is vital within these ​driverless vehicles due to
their processing, control and optimization capabilities, ​AI will help make
autonomous vehicles​ safer & much more widespread.

Electric vehicles become increasingly common, many countries are taking the
initiative to incorporate smart technologies into their roads & highways, China
has already built a smart highway that can charge ​electric vehicles ​as they drive,
Many smart road designs incorporate solar panels for vehicle-charging, as well as

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sensors ​and ​AI ​feedback to monitor traffic patterns and congestion more
effectively.

Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit is a train system that runs without rails,
operating instead on a virtual painted track which the train’s computer system
detects and follows, fully ​autonomous trains​, using ​machine learning and ​AI in
the transportation of freight and passengers have been trialled in a number of
countries.

Driverless Trains can carry greater numbers of passengers, as space no longer has
to be reserved for the driver’s cab, ​Railway Transportation is equipped with
sensors ​including ​cameras ​that capture track, front and back, and the cab of the
locomotive, The data from the ​sensors ​is fed to machine-learned analytic
applications that aggregate the data, enabling onboard real-time
decision-making.

Autonomous Delivery Trucks can change the way we receive goods, Many recent
& upcoming cars feature sophisticated driver assist programs that can help the
most inexperienced drivers on the road, This includes ​sensors to detect obstacles
and other vehicles, as well as ​GPS routing, ​Sensors allow the driver to know if
they are approaching an obstacle to stop the car entirely to avoid a crash.

AI in transportation is not limited to land, Remote-controlled ships are currently

in development, The ships’ crews will be entirely land-based, meaning a reduced
risk of harm to employees and more room on the vessels for freight, The primary
challenge faced by developers is the risk of the software being hacked and ships
diverted.

Airport Face-Scanning is the future of flying, Airports could soon be ditching

traditional passports in favor of face-scanning technologies, Scanners are already
being used in some airports to confirm the identities of passengers before
allowing them to board, The advent of ​autonomous planes could yield an
enormous profit, Though a great deal of piloting relies on automatic technologies,
but a fully ​autonomous plane​ could potentially present some security risks.

The Trainline app allows passengers not only to book and buy their train tickets
but also find a vacant seat on the vehicle in real-time, The bot asks passengers to
report how busy their carriage is and uses this data to advise them on where to
sit, The app presents price prediction, allowing passengers to avail of the
cheapest possible fares for their journey.

Drones (unmanned air vehicles) deliver goods & passengers, ​AI in transportation
by ​drones is a solution to potential human errors, In all modes of transport,
including aviation which is the safest mode of transport, there is advanced work

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on boosting safety levels by removing the human factor errors by leveraging new
technologies such as ​artificial intelligence​, ​machine learning​ & advanced ​sensors​.

Advantages of AI in the transportation industry

AI will reduce traffic accidents and increase safety, The number of accidents
involving truck drivers at night is a large issue and can be improved with the use
of smart ​unmanned vehicles​, The personal & financial costs of these accidents are
quite substantial, labor costs in this sector will continually decrease with the
increased use of ​AI​, providing higher profits for industry players.

Auto-pilot or complete unmanned vehicles can allow the driver to have a snooze
without causing severe accidents, Some ​AI trucks have a special feature of
predicting accidents as well as health issues of people around the truck like
detecting a heart attack and alerting the emergency services automatically with
the location and details of diagnosis.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will create significant opportunities for automakers to

reduce production costs and introduce new revenue streams, including
self-driving technology, predictive maintenance, and route optimization, The
long driving hours and stopping for a break will no longer be a concern with fully
automated fleets.

Artificial intelligence technologies increases the ability to process and predict

data and outcomes than humans, so, travel and transport operators will schedule
public and private transportation services in a significantly improved manner.

Artificial intelligence could play a big role in developing new and innovative ways
in which to deal with pollution as well as helping to enable scientists and
engineers to come up with much more environmentally friendly methods to run
vehicles and machinery for travel and transportation.

Nowadays, there is an app for everything, This includes AI-powered real-time

traffic updates through services such as Google Maps, Using location data
collected from users smartphones, these apps can predict and analyze traffic
conditions in your local area so as to better inform your travel plans, These apps
may may soon face direct competition from ​autonomous vehicles​ themselves.

Disadvantages of AI in transportation

AI will impact a significant number of blue-collar jobs in the transportation

industry, Automakers can use ​AI to adapt to a changing transportation
landscape, However, costs will still be a major barrier to adoption, more than half

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(53%) of global business and IT leaders cited the high costs associated with AI
technology as a major deterrent to adoption.

Artificial intelligence technologies will enhance the efficiency of the systems

it integrates with, however, power will need to be used much more intelligently
by all of the systems in order to truly utilize the potential of newer technologies.

4.5 Manufacturing:

Without a doubt, artificial intelligence holds the key to future growth in

almost every sector including manufacturing, healthcare and education.

Humans and robots are working side-by-side in various manufacturing units.

The advanced manufacturing techniques, ​AI​ is revolutionising the

manufacturing industry.

Manufacturers are utilising AI to reduce unplanned downtime, improve

efficiency, product quality and the safety of employees.

According to Subramanian Ananthpadmanabhan, Vice President, SAP India,

Manufacturing – perhaps more so than others, is one industry currently seeing

the benefits of implementing this technology in operations. As we strive to

incentivise the Make in India approach, AI can help leapfrog in ensuring quality

control from human monitoring alone to a combination of human and machine

combination. AI can improve safety levels through monitoring machinery and

predicting the potential for accidents. The benefit is more than just cost

reduction. The benefit can be a safer working environment that has a direct

bearing on productivity.

Manufacturing Industry will have the biggest impact of AI coupled with

automation. AI is playing a vital role in improving enterprise software. Right​ ​from

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Predictive maintenance & optimization of industrial facilities and Machines,

Interpreting the data that flow across departments, Improving material

management and the list goes on and on.

Arush Sogani, Director, Sysnet Global Technologies said that “Robots already

have a significant presence in manufacturing automation and it seems to

increase further.”

The intersection of the internet of things (IoT) and AI results in the concept of

smart manufacturing. This is an emerging field where cognitive techniques are

leveraged to drive optimizations in areas such as asset management, supply

chain management, fleet management, and order tracking.

The top AI use cases in manufacturing 

revolve around – 

• Predictive maintenance: Ability to anticipate machine and equipment

breakdown improves asset utilization and productivity.

• Yield enhancement: Using AI engines, companies are identifying causes of

yield losses and locating yield detractors that can be avoided by changes to

production processes.

• Testing and quality optimization: AI-enabled visual inspections are proving to be

more accurate than human checks and operate at lower cost points.

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• Improvements in inventory management, better demand forecasting, and

supply chain management are other big areas where AI techniques are being

leveraged.

4.6 Healthcare:
Artificial intelligence tools are used in every area of healthcare, ​AI is used in
doing repetitive jobs, Analyzing tests, ​X-Rays​, CT scans, data entry, and other
mundane tasks can all be done faster and more accurately by robots​, ​Artificial
Intelligence is used in decision support systems, When given a set of symptoms,
DXplain comes up with a list of possible diagnoses.

Artificial Intelligence in Medical Applications

There are many applications of ​Artificial intelligence in the ​medical field such as
Artificial intelligence techniques in medicine, Medical signal & image processing
techniques, Medical expert systems, Machine learning-based medical systems,
Data mining and knowledge discovery in ​medicine​.

AI is used in ​laboratory information systems, Germwatcher is designed to detect,

track and investigate infections in hospitalized patients, ​Robotic surgical systems
such as ​The da Vinci robotic surgical system that comes with robotic arms,
precise movement and magnetized vision, It allows doctors to make precision
surgery that wouldn’t be possible with an entirely manual approach.

Artificial intelligence will have a big impact on the ​healthcare industry and the
ways in which healthcare related companies utilize ​AI​, Redivus Health is a
transformative mobile app used by healthcare providers to prevent medical
errors by offering both clinical decision support during critical medical events as
well as documenting those events electronically in real time.

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Artificial intelligence in healthcare

Echocardiograms can produce ​sound waves to paint the ​heart​’s picture from
which cardiologists can identify whether the patient has any ​heart disease, It’s a
standard test to check for problems with valves or chambers of our central organ,
for congenital heart defect or whether shortness of breath or chest pain in
connection with the ​heart​.

Between 2 and 3 million non-melanoma ​skin cancers and 132,000, melanoma

skin cancers occur each year globally, Digital health technologies, such as
smartphone apps like SkinVision, telemedical services as well as ​AI are at the
frontlines of fighting widely prevalent diseases.

AI systems are used for the ICU, Intensive care units are battlegrounds for
human lives, As every moment counts, patients are monitored 24/7 with an army
of devices, Constantly beeping bedside monitors show ​blood pressure​, heart rate
or any other vital signs of the patient, The machine takes care of the function of
the ​lungs as best as possible, and another goes for the ​heart​, Although, these
instruments are usually not connected, they are isolated units in the concert of
ICU care.

Computers can detect ​breast cancer risk, the algorithm could support doctors
with cases when breast density would not allow clear diagnosis, ​Artificial
intelligence helps pathologists diagnose metastatic ​breast cancer​, ​AI ​could not
only assist radiologists but also pathologists in their fight against ​breast cancer​,
combining the efforts of the human pathologist and the ​deep learning system​’s
predictions, the human error rate decreased by 85 % when identifying metastatic
breast cancer​.

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AI is used as virtual Nurses, Molly is a digital nurse that helps people monitor the
patient’s condition and follow up with treatments, between doctor visits, The
program uses ​machine learning to support patients, specializing in chronic
illnesses, Some apps give basic health information and advice for parents of ill
children, The app answers asked questions about medications and whether
symptoms require a doctor visit.

Most applications of virtual nursing assistants allow for more regular

communication between patients and care providers between office visits to
prevent hospital readmission or unnecessary hospital visits, Care Angel’s virtual
nurse assistant can offer wellness checks through voice and ​AI​.

AiCure app can monitor the use of medication by the patient, A smartphone’s
webcam is partnered with ​AI to autonomously confirm that patients are taking
their prescriptions and helps them manage their condition, Most common users
could be people with serious medical conditions, patients who tend to go against
doctor advice, and participants in clinical trials.

Smart algorithms can predict suicide risks, some scientists aim for with their ​AI
system developed to catch depressive behavior early and help reduce the
emergence of severe mental illnesses, ​Machine Learning has made huge advances
in automatically diagnosing diseases, making diagnostics cheaper & more
accessible.

Machine Learning algorithms can learn to see patterns similar to the way doctors
see them, ​Machine Learning is helpful in areas where the diagnostic information
a doctor examines is already digitized, Such as detecting ​lung cancer or strokes
based on CT scans, Assessing the risk of sudden cardiac death or other ​heart
diseases based on electrocardiograms and cardiac MRI images, Classifying skin
lesions in skin images, Finding indicators of diabetic retinopathy in eye images.

AI is used in diagnostics, Algorithms are becoming as good at diagnostics as the

experts, The difference is: the algorithm can draw conclusions in a fraction of a
second, and it can be reproduced inexpensively all over the world, Soon everyone,
everywhere could have access to the same quality of top expert in radiology
diagnostics, and for a low price.

The applications of Machine Learning in diagnostics involve the combination of

multiple data sources (CT, MRI, genomics and proteomics, patient data, and
handwritten files) in assessing a disease or its progression, ​Machine Learning can
help discover which characteristics indicate that a patient will have a particular
response to a particular treatment.

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Robots can analyze data from pre-op medical records to guide a surgeon’s
instrument during surgery, which can lead to a 21% reduction in a patient’s
hospital stay, ​Robot-assisted surgery is considered “minimally invasive” so
patients won’t need to heal from large incisions, Via ​artificial intelligence​, robots
can use data from past operations to inform new surgical techniques.

4.7 Education:

Artificial intelligence can automate basic activities in education, like

grading.

In college, grading homework and tests for large lecture courses can be tedious

work, even when TAs split it between them. Even in lower grades, teachers often

find that grading takes up a significant amount of time, time that could be used to

interact with students, prepare for class, or work on professional development.

While AI may not ever be able to truly replace human grading, it’s getting pretty

close. It’s now possible for teachers to automate grading for nearly all kinds of

multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank testing and automated grading of student

writing may not be far behind. Today, essay-grading software is still in its infancy

and not quite up to par, yet it can (and will) improve over the coming years,

allowing teachers to focus more on in-class activities and student interaction than

grading.

Educational software can be adapted to student needs.

From kindergarten to graduate school, one of the key ways artificial intelligence

will impact education is through the application of greater levels of individualized

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learning. Some of this is already happening through growing numbers of adaptive

learning programs, games, and software. These systems respond to the needs of

the student, putting greater emphasis on certain topics, repeating things that

students haven’t mastered, and generally helping students to work at their own

pace, whatever that may be.

It can point out places where courses need to improve.

Teachers may not always be aware of gaps in their lectures and educational

materials that can leave students confused about certain concepts. Artificial

intelligence offers a way to solve that problem. Coursera, a massive open online

course provider, is already putting this into practice. When a large number of

students are found to submit the wrong answer to a homework assignment, the

system alerts the teacher and gives future students a customized message that

offers hints to the correct answer.

Students could get additional support from AI tutors.

While there are obviously things that human tutors can offer that machines can’t,

at least not yet, the future could see more students being tutored by tutors that

only exist in zeros and ones. Some tutoring programs based on artificial

intelligence already exist and can help students through basic mathematics,

writing, and other subjects.

These programs can teach students fundamentals, but so far aren’t ideal for

helping students learn high-order thinking and creativity, something that

real-world teachers are still required to facilitate. Yet that shouldn’t rule out the

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possibility of AI tutors being able to do these things in the future. With the rapid

pace of technological advancement that has marked the past few decades,

advanced tutoring systems may not be a pipe dream.

4.8 Media:

Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to transform the media and entertainment

business – impacting everything from content creation to the consumer
experience.

AI will influence all parts of the media value chain, helping content creators to be
more creative, helping content editors to be more productive, and helping content
consumers to find the content that matches their interests and current situation,”
explains Rainer Kellerhals, Microsoft’s Media and Entertainment industry lead for
the EMEA region. “It will assist human creativity and human curiosity by taking a
lot of the leg work out of finding relevant content, navigating large amounts of
content, and re-formatting and repurposing content.

To succeed, media companies need to deploy technologies and implement

strategies to gather data at scale. Zanni says that a “data-first” approach is
necessary – something that heavy users such as Netflix and some of the niche
over-the-top players are adopting. “Most of these companies have moved data
processing workflows to the cloud, as this allowed them to scale up resources if
needed by the size of the information analysed,” he explains. “This leads not only
to what all media companies are looking for at the moment – a better return on
investment – but also to a greater responsiveness to market changes. What’s
more, as they move to the cloud and establish direct to consumer connections,
they’ll be able to gather more data on operations and audiences.”

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This is where the Microsoft Azure cloud comes into its own. It offers powerful
machine learning, real-time analytics, cognitive and bot capabilities through open
APIs, which enables companies operating across the media and entertainment
industry to transform their content and audience data into a competitive
advantage.

“Azure Video Indexer, for example, builds upon media AI technologies to make it
easier to extract metadata from video, including time coded transcripts, faces,
speakers, objects, actions, brands, keywords and sentiments,” explains
Kellerhals. “Our audience insights function, meanwhile, uses the Microsoft Azure
Data Platform to capture data about user interactions with online media, building
user profiles (also of anonymous users) that in turn are used to power
recommendation engines, personalisation, ad targeting and inform content
investments.”

With these types of solutions, the potential for media and entertainment
companies is huge. And, according to Guy Finley, executive director at the Media
and Entertainment Services Alliance (MESA), it’s an opportune time to make use
of this potential. “As an industry we are beginning to build a direct relationship
with the consumer for the first time and we’re already working to automate and
digitise existing workflows and processes,” he explains. “For example, when
contracts become smart, and we migrate from what was once called a
‘​one-button transcode’ to an AI-enabled ‘​no-button’ transcode, we will begin to
see how fluid this entire process can become. Redundancy will be further
reduced in our supply chains by smarter, data-driven systems and AI will
ultimately drive the globalisation of our enterprises, enabling production and
distribution to meet a growing, but still localised, demand for our content.”

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​4.9 ​Customer Service:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally changing the way we work across

several different industries. Customer Service has formed part of those sectors for

many years, where it be in retail, finance, manufacturing or law. Experts believe

that in the forthcoming years, we may reach a point where will be impossible to

tell the difference between a human and AI agent.

AI-based solutions like CommBox are becoming a standard for contact centre

management as businesses look to streamline operations. It allows humans to be

supported by technology in a cost-effective way that promotes the best possible

customer experience. The increased investment from the big tech companies like

Google, Microsoft and Facebook in the field has only accelerated the customer

service revolution.

Early applications of AI in customer service has shown its ability to reduce costs,

improve staff retention and loyalty, increase revenue and drive customer

satisfaction. Given all of those amazing benefits, a full adoption of the technology

industry-wide seems almost inevitable.

Augmenting Human Customer Service

Although the statistic from Gartner may sound scary, it is important to remember

that many consumer requests are very simple. The vast majority could be

handled by AI technologies without agent input, ensuring that businesses focus

their effort on true experts or knowledge workers. In this way, AI will support

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and work alongside humans, removing the menial and boring jobs, allowing them

to focus on the customers that truly require assistance.

Bot/Agent messaging

Solutions like those offered by CommBox, realise that AI needs to augment

conversations. The AI solution will nurture leads with a human-like bot that pops

up at the right time to ask the right questions. For much of the time, the bot will

be able to resolve the query but in situations where it cannot, customers are

seamlessly passed to the agent best suited to help them.

24/7 availability

We are in an era where messaging is overtaking social networking or any other

form of communication as the preferred choice for consumers. One of the key

benefits of AI is that it never needs to sleep. If a customer has a query at 3am, AI

can be there to help resolve it. This could be vital in companies that operate

globally and are looking to provide better customer support.

​Chapter 5

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5 . Advantages and Disadvantages of

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is one of the emerging technologies which tries to simulate

human reasoning in AI systems. ​John McCarthy ​invented the term Artificial
Intelligence in the year 1950.

He said, ‘​Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence

can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made
to simulate it. An attempt will be made to find how to make machines
use language, form abstractions, and concepts, solve kinds of
problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves.​’

Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a computer program to learn and think.

Everything can be considered Artificial intelligence if it involves a program doing
something that we would normally think would rely on the intelligence of a
human.

5.1 The advantages of Artificial intelligence :

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1) Reduction in Human Error:

The phrase “​human error​” was born because humans make mistakes from time
to time. Computers, however, do not make these mistakes if they are
programmed properly. With Artificial intelligence, the decisions are taken from
the previously gathered information applying a certain set of algorithms. So
errors are reduced and the chance of reaching accuracy with a greater degree of
precision is a possibility.

Example: ​In Weather Forecasting using AI they have reduced the majority of
human error.

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2) Takes risks instead of Humans:

This is one of the biggest advantages of Artificial intelligence. We can overcome

many risky limitations of humans by developing an ​AI Robot​ which in turn can
do the risky things for us. Let it be going to mars, defuse a bomb, explore the
deepest parts of oceans, mining for coal and oil, it can be used effectively in any
kind of natural or man-made disasters.

Example: Have you heard about the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
explosion in Ukraine? At that time there were no AI-powered robots that
can help us to minimize the effect of radiation by controlling the fire in
early stages,

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3) Available 24x7:

An Average human will work for 4–6 hours a day excluding the breaks. Humans
are built in such a way to get some time out for refreshing themselves and get
ready for a new day of work and they even have weekly offed to stay intact with
their work-life and personal life. But using AI we can make machines work 24x7
without any breaks and they don’t even get bored, unlike humans.

Example: ​Educational Institutes and Helpline centers are getting many queries
and issues which can be handled effectively using AI.

4) Daily Applications:

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Daily applications such as Apple’s ​Siri​, Windows ​Cortana​, Google’s ​OK

Google are frequently used in our daily routine whether it is for searching a
location, taking a selfie, making a phone call, replying to a mail and many more.

Example: ​Around 20 years ago, when we were planning to go somewhere we

used to ask a person who already went there for directions. But now all we have
to do is say “​OK Google ​where is Visakhapatnam”. It will show you
Visakhapatnam’s location on google map and the best path between you and
Visakhapatnam.

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5.2 Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

1) High Costs of Creation:

As AI is updating every day the hardware and software need to get updated with
time to meet the latest requirements. Machines need repairing and maintenance
which need plenty of costs. It’ s creation requires huge costs as they are very
complex machines.

2) Making Humans Lazy:

AI is making humans lazy with its applications automating the majority of the
work. Humans tend to get ​addicted ​to these inventions which can cause a
problem to future generations.

3) Unemployment:

As AI is replacing the majority of the repetitive tasks and other works with
robots,human interference is becoming less which will cause a major problem in
the employment standards. Every organization is looking to replace the
minimum qualified individuals with AI robots which can do similar work with
more efficiency.

4) No Emotions:

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There is no doubt that machines are much better when it comes to working
efficiently but they cannot replace the human connection that makes the team.
Machines cannot develop a bond with humans which is an essential attribute
when it comes to Team Management.

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Chapter 6
CONCLUSION

Why do we even need artificial intelligence? This

question would have definitely arisen in your minds by
now. Well, humans are a lazy species. We would love to
live in a world where there is minimal human labour
and thus we are able to save ample amounts of time.
Also, the data we are producing is in huge chunks. We
as humans need something that processes and handles
data to minimize the strenuous efforts being put into
handling it. This processing and handling of data is
called data science. Data Science, in simple words, is
the scientific study of data, that stores, records and
analyses data for our benefit. Now AI brings in a new
perspective towards managing problems and solving
them.

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Chapter 7
REFERENCES

[1] Elisa Spanò, Luca Niccolini, Stefano Di Pascoli, and Giuseppe Iannaccone,
Last-Meter Smart Grid Embedded in an Internet-of-Things Platform, ​ieee
transactions on smart grid
[2] Jamuna H G, Shobha Hugar, Smarter Grid Embedded in an Internet of Things,
International Journal of Engineering and techniques, 2(​ 3), May-June 2016.
[3] Pon Barkavi, Sivaranjani R C, Selva Ganesh, Nithyaprasantha P,Advancement in
Smat grid by Embedding a last meter in a Internet of Things Platform,
International Research Journal of Engineering and ​technology (IRJET), 3​(2), Feb
2016.
[4] Vamil B. Sangoi, “Smart security solutions,” ​International Journal of Current
Engineering and Technology,​ Vol.4, No.5, Oct-2014.
[5] Simon L. Cotton and William G. Scanlon, “Millimeter - wave Soldier –to soldier
communications for covert battlefield operation,” ​IEEE communication
Magazine,​ October 2009.
[6] Deepti Sehrawat and Nasib Singh Gill, “Smart Sensors: Analysis of Different
Types of IoT Sensors,” Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2019) IEEE Xplore Part Number:
CFP19J32-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-9439-8
[7] B.Chougula, “Smart girls security system,” ​International Journal of Application
or Innovation in Engineering & Management​, Volume 3, Issue 4,April 2014.

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