R Dimple, Nanda B S; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology

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(Volume 4, Issue 3)
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Design and implementation of smart black box system for

gathering the safety information in vehicles
Dimple R B S Nanda
[email protected] [email protected]
P. E. S. College of Engineering, P. E. S. College of Engineering,
Mandya, Karnataka Mandya, Karnataka
ABSTRACT
According to World Health Organization, over a million people die every year due to vehicle accidents. To respond to this
situation, the black box concept is used as the first step to solve the problem. . In order to overcome from this problem, we are
trying to implement the concept of "black box" in this paper. This paper describes real-time data collection while driving a
vehicle and to check the driving behaviour and a car status, and this data is useful to investigate the accident and to investigate
the accident. New communication technologies are integrated into modern automobiles, giving the better assistance for the
injured people in traffic accidents. Recent studies show how communication capabilities should be supported by artificial
intelligence systems capable of automating many decisions to be taken from emergency services. This reduces the security risk
for the severity and rescue time of the accident. The accident is indicated by the use of sensors and the location and intensity of
the accident can be sent via SMS via GSM. The car black box is a tool used to record engine temperature, interruption, speed,
vehicle driving, and information about accurate location of the vehicle. The outputs of these parameters are displayed in LCD.
The data recorder stores the values of all sensors communicated with the controller. Then this information is transmitted via a
wireless network. This collected information will be sent to the police server, ambulance via the GSM network. The system
considers the most appropriate variables (such as sensors) that represent the severity of the accident. The GPS tracking system
in this mobile helps detect vehicle during the accident and enables authorities to expand immediate emergency medical service.

Keywords: Microcontroller, Android, LCD, Sensor.

1. INTRODUCTION collect analog values collected by the sensors and convert

them into a digital value to feed into the microcontroller.
A vehicle accident is one of the most important issues around
the world. According to the World Health Organization, over The main objective of the project is made zero accident level
one million people die every year due to transportation- in real time all over the globe and if accidents occur to recover
related accidents. Although various vehicle manufacturers fast very short time, increases the probability of survival of
have taken several steps to improve the safety of the vehicle, the injured, and reduces the injury severity. And
the problem remains for the above reasons. Due to the delay automatically deployed the actions required, thereby
in medical aid, death rates are high, causing economic and reducing the time to assist the inured person.
social burdens for people involved. Like aircraft data
recorders on a plane, "black box" technology now plays a 1.1 System Model
major role in motor vehicle accident investigation.
The system overview which can be implemented is as
The block box is defined as an electronic device, which is follows,
used to record and store information in particular. We used
the same concept in implementing a black box in the car for
help. Here the black box is used to record and store vehicle
acceleration, temperature, pressure, interruption values in real
time and store the vehicle's driving history. We can analyze
and monitor the driving conditions of the vehicle and the
accident. We used analog to digital converter (ADC) to

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 R Dimple, Nanda B S; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a
light source or reflector. In this paper, we are using 16×2
LCD. It receives the collected information’s which are stored
in the microcontroller and displays these messages. It uses
very small amounts of electric power.

Temperature Sensor

If this value goes abnormal, the engine temperature is the key

parameter of the control unit when some unnecessary gases
get out of vehicles due to unnecessary combustion. In this
paper, to obtain the vehicle engine temperature, we used
LM35 as a temperature sensor. It constantly senses engine
temperatures and is given to the microcontroller. It converts
temperature value into electrical signals. It is rated to operate
over a -55 to +150°C temperature range.

Ultrasonic sensor
Fig 1 shows the overview of the system The ultrasonic sensor is to measure the minimum distance in
front of the vehicle Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle
Block diagram in our proposed system is shown in Fig1. similar to radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target
Black box contains the Renesas 64 pin Microcontroller, LCD, by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves
DC motor, DC driver, Ultrasonic sensor, Temperature sensor, respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high-frequency
Accelometric sensor, Slot sensor, GSM, and bumps switch. It sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by
detects the engine temperature, obstacle presences, the sensor.
acceleration & seat belt check. The outputs of these Accelerometer (speed) sensor
parameters are displayed on the LCD. This collected
information’s along are send to the police server, ambulance The accelerometer is to find the angle of tilt of a car during
through the GSM. GPS tracking system developed in this any accident or in some improper road ways. This
paper helps to track the vehicle in case of an accident and accelerometer value as an angle of tilt is fed to
enables authorities to extend immediate emergency medical microcontroller unit each time. Here the threshold range is
service. 130 degree in a clockwise direction and 190 degrees in an
anticlockwise direction, if car tilts less than 130 degrees and
When an accident occurs the microcontroller gets activated tilts greater than 190 degrees then the car would be in danger.
and starts collecting the information such as temperature, the
presence of obstacle, acceleration and set belt check GSM Module
respectively from the sensors. This collected information is
displayed on the LCD screen and is sent to the police server GSM module is used in ensuring the safety of the vehicle. It
through the mail and an SMS to the emergency medical is programmed in such a way that whenever the accident has
service through GSM. The GPS in the mobile communication detected the location of the vehicle is sent to registered
helps to know the exact location of the accident spot. By using telephone number through GSM & all the sent details can be
this information police can easily know the accident spot and used to locate the vehicle using Google map.
they get the correct proofs of the accident to provide justice.
Slot Sensor
1.2 Hardware Description and Design
This sensor is used to give the information about whether the
64 Pin Renesas Microcontroller seat belt is weared or not. This is an Optoelectronic device. It
can act as a opt isolator. The IR diode in the left portion keeps
Features emitting IR rays. The opt transistor keeps sensing these rays.
The Centre portion is a slot into which a thin obstacle can pass
 General-purpose register: 8 bits × 32 registers (8 bits for ex., an RFID card. Once an obstacle is detected the input
× 8 registers × 4 banks) to the optical transistor is blocked.
 ROM: 512 KB, RAM: 32 KB, Data flash memory:
8 KB DC Motor
 On-chip high-speed on-chip oscillator
 On-chip single-power-supply flash memory (with A DC motor is a device that converts direct current (electrical
the prohibition of block erase/writing function) energy) into mechanical energy. Two dc motors are used for
 On-chip debug function driving the wheels connected to the robot. L293d is a dc
 Ports  Total 11 ports with 58 Input / Output Pins motor driver used for driving dc motors. 200rpm center shaft
economy series DC motor is high-quality low-cost dc geared
LCD Display motor. It has steel gears and pinions to ensure longer life and
better wear and tear properties. The gears are fixed on
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, hardened steel spindles polished to a mirror finish. The output
electronic visual display, based on Liquid Crystal shaft rotates in a plastic bushing. The whole assembly is
Technology. It is a thin, flat display device made up of any covered with a plastic ring. Gearbox is sealed and lubricated

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 R Dimple, Nanda B S; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
with lithium grease and requires no maintenance. The motor
is screwed to the gear box from inside. Although motor gives
200 rpm at 12v motor runs smoothly from 4 v to 12v and
gives a wide range of rpm, and torque.

Bumper Switch

It is a type of touch sensor for the VEX. Due to its size and
construction, it is better suited for tasks such as wall
Fig 4: system showing accident occurred and the vehicle
detection. Whenever the sensor is pressed in, it will return a
stopped
value of 1. Whenever it is not pressed in, it will return a value
of 0. Touch sensors are used to perform a variety of tasks,
The other parameters such as temperature, seat belt are
from solving a maze using wall detection to controlling the
continuously sensed by respective sensors and are displayed
movements of your robot’s arm attachment.
on the LCD.

Fig 5: System showing the various parameters

In case of collision occurred a message is received by a

registered number from the GSM

Fig 2: Flow chart of the proposed system

1.3 Experimental Results

The paper has both software and hardware implementation.

The results for both are explained in this paper. As the project
aims at design and development of “Design and
Implementation of Smart Black box System for Gathering the
Safety Information in Vehicles”, the results are shown
accordingly. Whenever the power is switched on, a display
appears as “START” and “GSM INITIALIZED. And the
vehicle starts moving.

Fig 6: The messages received from GSM

Fig 3: System shows the start of the vehicle

If the vehicle meets with an accident a message will be

displayed on LCD as “accident occurred”

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 R Dimple, Nanda B S; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
The complete system of vehicle black box is as shown in fig [8] H. Moon, K. Kim, M. Lee and P. Kim, “A Study on the
7 Context-Aware System for Intelligent Automobile Black
Box,” 27th Chinese control and decision conference (2015
CCDC), pp. 2536-2540, May 2015.
[9] Abdallah Kassem, Rabih Jabr, Ghady Salamouni, Ziad
Khairallah Maalouf, “Vehicle Black Box System”,
Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IEEE System Conference,
IEEE 2008, pp. 1-6.

2. CONCLUSION

The proposed system makes good use of GPS and Android

applications by providing safe and secure traveling to the
travelers. This is done using wrong path alert mechanism. It
helps to find the current location of the vehicle. Traveler’s
safety mechanism is also provided using temperature,
ultrasonic, smoke and accelerometer sensor. As per traveler’s
safety concern, the proposed system also gives alert massage
to authorized mobile so that authorized person also knows
about their traveler’s safety.

3. REFERENCES

[1] Chanjin Kang and Seo Weon Heo, Member, IEEE Hongik
University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, “ Intelligent Safety
Information Gathering System Using a Smart Blackbox”,
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(ICCE), 2017.
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[5] Dheeraj Pawar, Pushpak Poddar, “Car Black Box with
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[6] Muhammad Ali Mazidi & Janice Gillispie Mazidi, The
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