;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsf]

;+ljwfg

अनौपचारक अनुवाद
(Unofficial Translation))
 ;+o'Qm/fHosf
m/fHosf]
/fHosf] ;+ljwfg,
jwfg, !&*&

k|:tfjgfM xfdL ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsf hgtfn] Ps kl/:s[t ;+3 :yfkgf ug{, Gofo k|flKt ug{,
b]zdf zflGt–;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{, nf]ssNof0f ;+j4{g ug{ tyf xfdL / xfd|f ;GttLx?sf] eljio
;'lglZrt ug{ ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsf nflu of] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L hf/L u/]sf 5f}+ .

wf/f – !

efu–
efu–!= ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfksLo clwsf/ ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsf] sf+u|];df cGt/lglxt /xg] 5, h;df
l;g]6 / k|ltlglw;ef /xg]5g\ .

efu–
efu–@= -!_ ljleGg /fHosf hgtfx?4f/f x/]s b'O{ jif{df lgjf{lrt ;b:ox?af6 k|ltlglw;efsf]
u7g x'g]5, / w]/} h;f] /fHo Joj:yflksfsf lgjf{rsx?sf nflu cfjZos of]Uotf g} k|To]s /fHosf]
lgjf{rsx?sf nflu clgjfo{ x'g]5 .

-@_ @% jif{ k"/f gePsf], slDtdf & jif{ b]lv cd]l/sfsf] gful/s gePsf] tyf h'g /fHoaf6
lgjf{lrt x'g] xf] To:tf] /fHosf] afl;Gbf gePsf] JolQm k|ltlglw x'g ;Sg] 5}g .

-#_ -lglZrt ;dofjlwsf] ;]jfsf nflu cg'jlGwtx? / s/sf] bfo/fdf ;dfj]z gx'g] cflbjf;Lx?
afx]s ;a} :jtGq JolQmx?sf] ;+Vofdf hf]8]/ x'g cfpg] ;DalGwt /fHosf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
/fHox¿aLr k|ltlglw / k|ToIf s/ afFl8g]5,_ ;+o'Qm/fHosf] sf+u|];sf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] tLg jif{
leq k|f/lDes u0fgf ul/g] 5 / tTkZrft\ x/]s !) jif{sf] cjlwleq sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
u0fgf ul/g]5 . x/]s tL; xhf/ hgtfsf] Ps hgfsf b/n] x'g cfpg] ;+VofeGbf a9L k|ltlglwsf]
;+Vof /xg] 5}g . o;/L k|ltlglw lgwf{/0f ubf{ x]/s /fHodf slDtdf Ps hgf k|ltlglwsf] Joj:yf
x'g5
] / k|ltlglwsf] u0fgf geP;Dd Go" x]D;fP/n] #, df;fr';];n] *, /f]8–cfONofG8 / k|f]le8]G;
Knfg6];gn] !, sg]l6s6n] %, Go" of]sn { ] ^, Go" h;L{n] $, k]G;]Neflgofn] *, 8]nfjo/n] !,
Dof/LNof08n] ^, elh{lgofn] !), gy{ Sof/f]lngfn] %, ;fpy Sof/f]lngfn] % / hlh{ofn] # k|ltlglwx?
k7fpg ;Sg]5g\ .

-$_ s'g} klg /fHodf k|ltlglw l/Qm /xg uPdf sfo{sf/L clwsf/Ln] To:tf] l/Qm :yfg k"lt{ ug{
lgjf{rg ;DalGw 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ug]{5 .

-%_ k|ltlglw;efn] cfˆgf] ;efd'v / c? cfjZos kbflwsf/Lx? rog ug]{5 / dxfcleof]u ;DalGw
;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ k|ltlglw;efdf lglxt /xg]5 .

l;g]6

efu–
efu–#= -!_ k|To]s /fHoaf6 5 jif{sf nflu b'O{hgfsf b/n] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ l;g]6/x?af6 ;+o'Qm/fHo
cd]l/sfsf] l;g]6 u7g x'g]5 / k|To]s l;g]6/nfO{ Ps dtsf] clwsf/ /xg]5 .

-@_ klxnf] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffd nut} lghx¿ tLg a/fa/ ;d"xdf ljeflht x'g]5g\ . klxnf] ;d"xsf
l;g]6/x?sf] kbfjwL b'O{ jif{sf] cGtdf k"/f x'g]5 . bf];|f] ;d"xsf l;g]6/x?sf] rf/ jif{df / t];|f]
;d"xsf l;g]6/x?sf] kbfjwL ^ jif{sf] cGtdf k'/f x'g]5, o;f] ubf{ Ps ltxfO l;g]6/x?sf] rog
x/]s @ jif{df x'g]5 . - /fhLgfdfsf sf/0f jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] s'g} ;b:ox?sf] kb l/Qm x'g uPdf
1
Joj:yflksfsf] csf]{ a}7s ga;];Ddsf nflu sfo{kflnsfn] c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf]
l/Qm kbx? kl/k"lt{ ePsf] dflgg] 5 .

-#_ #) jif{ k'/f gePsf], gf} jif{ b]lv ;+oQ

' m/fHosf] gful/s gePsf] tyf h'g /fHoaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g]
xf] To; /fHosf] afl;Gbf gePsf] s'g} klg JolQm l;g]6/ x'g of]Uo dflgg] 5}g .

-$_ ;+oQ
' m/fHosf] pk/fi6«klt l;g]6sf] kb]g cWoIf x'g]5, lghnfO{ dt a/fa/ ?kdf ljefhg ePsf]
cj:yfdf afx]s dtbfgsf] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .

-%_ l;g]6n] cfˆgf c? kbflwsf/Lx?sf] dgf]gog ug{ ;Sg]5 / pk/fi6«kltsf] cg'kl:yltdf jf

/fi6«kltsf] sfof{nosf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' k/]df l;g]6n] sfo{jfxs ;efkltsf] rog ug]{5 .

-^_ dxfcleof]u ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ l;g]6df lglxt x'g]5 . dxfcleof]u ;DalGw ;'g'jfO{df efu
lng' c3L, pgLx?n] ;ky lng' kg]{5 . ;+o'Qm/fHosf] /fi6«klt lj?4sf] dxfcleof]u ;'g'jfO{df k|wfg
GofofwLzn] cWoIftf ug]{5g\ . slDtdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox?sf] pkl:yltsf] ;xdlt lagf sf]xL klg
bf]ifL 7x/Lg] 5}g .

-&_ dxfcleof]u ;DalGw cleof]usf] lg0f{oaf6 clwstd kbd'Qm ;Ddsf] ;hfo x'g]5 / To:tf]
cleo'Qm k|dfl0ft ePsf] JolQm ;+o'Qm/fHo cGtu{tsf s'g} klg lgsfodf nfesf] kb u|x0f ug{
cof]Uo dflgg] 5 . t/ To:tf] cleof]u k|dfl0ft ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;hfosf nflu hjfkmb]xL agfO{g]
5}g .

sf+u|u];
|

efu–
efu–$= -!_ l;g]6/x¿ tyf k|ltlglw;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] lgjf{rg, To:tf] lgjf{rg x'g] ;do, :yfg
/ lgjf{rg ;DalGw cGo sfo{ljlw k|To]s /fHosf] Jojyfkflnsfn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5, t/ sf+u|];n]
sfg"g4f/f, l;g]6 dgf]gog ul/g] :yfgx?sf] af/]df jfx]s, h'g;'s} ;dodf To:tf lgodx? agfpg
jf vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ sf+u|];sf] a}7s jif{df sDtLdf Ps k6s a:g]5 / To:tf] a}7s sfg"gn] cGoyf tf]s]sf]
cj:yfdf afx]s -l8;]Da/ dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;f]daf/_ df a:g]5 .

efu–
efu–%= -!_ k|To]s ;bg lgjf{rg tyf cfkm\gf ;b:ox?sf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf lg0f{fos
dflgg]5 / ;bgsf] ax'dt u0fk""/s ;+Vof dflgg] 5 . sd pkl:yltn] k|To]s lbg a}7s :ylut x'g]
cj:yf l;h{gf ePdf k|To]s ;bgn] clgjfo{ pkl:yltsf] nflu cfJxfg ug{ ;Sg]5 / cg'kl:yltsf
nflu cfjZos ;hfo ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ k|To]s ;bgn] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg]5 / v/fj cfr/0fsf nflu cfkm\gf
;b:ox?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ tyf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox?sf] ;xdtLdf To:tf ;b:ox?nfO{ lgisfl;t ug{
;d]t ;Sg]5 .

-#_ k|To]s ;bgn] cfˆgf] sfdsf/jfxLsf] clen]v /fVg]5 / uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ s'/fx? afx]s cGo
ljifox? ;dfj]z u/L To:tf] clen]v ;do ;dodf k|sfzg ug]{5 . s'g} ;bgsf ;b:ox?4f/f s'g}

2
k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf æx'G5Æ jf æx'Fb}gÆ eGg] /fo JoQm ePsf] cj:yfdf !÷% pkl:yt ;b:ox?sf]
OR5f cg';f/ To:tf] ljifonfO{ clen]vdf ;d]6\g ;lsg] 5 .

-$_ s'g}klg ;bg, sf+u|];sf] ;bg rfn' /x]sf] cjlwdf, csf]{ ;bgsf] ;xdtL lagf tLg lbg eGbf
a9L ;dosf nflu :yug x'g / b'j} ;bg al;/x]sf] 7fpF eGbf c? s'g} :yfgdf :yfgfGt/0f x'g
;Sg] 5}g .

efu–
efu–^= -!_ l;g]6/ tyf k|ltlglwx?n] cfkm\gf] ;]jf afkt ;+o'Qm/fHosf] ;+lrt sf]ifaf6 sfg"gn]
tf]s] adf]lhdsf] kfl/>lds kfpg]5g\ . b]zb|f]x, dxfck/fw tyf zflGt vnanfpg] ck/fwdf ;+nUg
ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s l;g]6/ tyf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;bgsf] clwj]zgdf efu lnO/x]sf]
;dodf tyf ;bgdf cfpFb} / hfFbF } u/]sf] cj:yfdf tyf ;bgdf JoQm u/]sf] s'g} s'/f jf lbPsf]
s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ kqmfp ug{ cyjf jfbljjfbsf] ljifodf c? s'g} klg :yfgdf k|Zg p7fpg kfOg]
5}g .

-@_ s'g} klg l;g]6/ jf k|ltlglwn] cfk"m lgjf{lrt ePsf] ;dodf ;+o'Qm/fHo cGtu{tsf s'g} klg
;/sf/L sfof{nodf lgo'lQm lng kfpg] 5}gg\ . ;+o'Qm/fHo cGtu{tsf s'g} klg ;/sf/L sfof{nodf
axfn /x]sf] JolQm cfkm\g} kbdf axfn /x];Dd s'g} klg ;bgsf] ;b:o x'g ;Sg]5}g .

efu–
efu–&= -!_ /fh:j ;+sng ;DalGw ;a} ljw]osx? k|ltlglw;efdf k]z ul/g]5g\, t/ l;g]64f/f
To:tf] ljw]os dfly c? ljw]os em}+ ;+zf]wg k|:tfj k]z ug{ afwf k''u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .

-@_ k|ltlglw;ef tyf l;g]64f/f kfl/t ljw]os, sfg"gsf] x}l;ot k|fKt ug'{ k"j{, nfndf]x/sf nflu
;+o'Qm /fHosf] /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 . To;/L k|:t't ePsf] ljw]osdfly /fi6«kltn] :jLs[tLsf
nflu x:tfIf/ ug]{ 5 . t/ :jLs[tL k|bfg ug{ g;lsg] ePdf To:tf] ljw]osnfO{ cfkm\gf] l6Kk0fL
;lxt ljw]os pTklQ ePsf] ;bgdf lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{ 5 . o;/L lkmtf{ cfPsf] ljw]osdfly
k'glj{{rf/ ubf{ pQm ;bgsf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox?n] ljw]os kfl/t ug{ ;xdtL k|bfg u/]df To:tf]
ljwo]s ;'emfj ;lxt csf]{ ;bgdf k7fOg] 5 / To:tf] ljw]os dfly k'gMljrf/ x'Fbf pQm ;bgsf]
b'O{ ltxfO{ dt4f/f kfl/t ePdf To:tf] ljw]os sfg"g ePsf] dflgg] 5 . t/ ;a} cj:yfdf o:tf
ljwo]sx? kfl/t ubf{ b'j} ;bgsf] x'G5 jf x'Gg eGg] dt4f/f lgwf{रण ul/g] 5 / ;DalGwt ;bgsf]
clen]vdf ljwo]ssf] kIf / ljkIfdf dt xfNg] ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . /fi6«klt4f/f
ljwo]s k|:t't ePsf] ldltn] !) lbg leq -cfOtjf/x? jfx]s_ ljwo]s lkmtf{ gePdf To:tf] ljwo]s
:jtM :jLs[t ePsf] dflgg] 5 .

-#_ l;g]6 tyf k|ltlglw;efsf] ;+o'Qm ;xdtL cfjZos x'g] x/]s cfb]z, k|:tfj jf dt -:ylut ug]{
k|Zgdf afx]s_ ;+o'Qm/fHos]f /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ul/g] 5 / To:tf] cfb]z, k|:tfj jf dt k|efjsf/L
x'g'k"j{ /fi6«klt4f/f l:js[t jf cl:js[t ePdf b'O{ ltxfO{ l;g]6 / k|ltlglw;ef4f/f ljwo]s
;DaGwdf tf]lsPsf] sfo{ljlwsf] cwLgdf /xL k'gM kfl/t ul/g]5 .

efu–
efu–*= C0f c;'nL tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu tyf ;+o'Qm/fHosf] sNof0fsf/L sfo{sfnflu
s/, /fh:j, dx;"n tyf cGtz'Ns nufpg] / p7fpg] ;a} clwsf/ sf+u|];df lglxt /xg]5 . t/
/fh:j, dx;"n tyf cGtz'Ns ;+o'Qm/fHoel/ g} Pp6} lsl;dsf] x'g]5 .
− ;+o'Qm/fHojf6 C0f :j?k /sd ;fk6L lng
− ljb]zL /fi6«x?;+u, ljleGg /fHox?aLr tyf cfbLjf;Lx?;Fu Jofkf/ Joj;fo Joj:yfkg ug{
3
 − ;+o'Qm/fHo el/ 6f6 klN6Psf] l:ylt ;DalGw Ps?k sfg"g tyf c+uLs[t gful/stf ;DalGw
Ps?k lgodx? :yfkgf ug{
− d'b|f agfpg ;fy} ljb]zL l;Ssfsf] d"No lgoGq0f ug{ / gfk tf}nsf] :t/sf] lgwf{/0f ug{
− ;+o'Qm /fHodf k|rlnt l;Ssf tyf lwtf] kq gSsnL pTkfbg u/]df ;hfo lbg
− x'nfs sfof{no tyf ;8s ljefu :yfkgf ug{
− n]vs tyf cfljisf/sx?sf] s[lt tyf cfljisf/dflysf] k"0f{ clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ug{
lj1fg tyf pkof]uL snfx?sf] pTyfg ;+j4g ug{
− ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] dftxtdf Gofoflws/0f :yfkgf ug{
− pRr ;d'Gb|df x'g] ;d'lb| rf]/L, 8s}tL tyf /fli6«o sfg"g lj?4sf] ck/fwsf]] kl/efiff u/L
To;nfO{ ;hfo lbg
− o'4sf] 3f]if0ff ug{, pTkflbt a:t' tyf cfa[lQsf] cg'dtL k|bfg ug{ / hdLg jf kfgLsf]
cltqmd0f ;DalGw lgod lgwf{/0f ug{
− ;]gf ;xof]u tyf etL{ ug{, t/ pQm sfo{sf nflu b'O{ jif{;Ddsf] cjlw eGbf w]/} ;dosf
nflu /sd 5'6\ofpg kfOg] 5}g
− gf};]gfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{
− hdLg tyf gf};]gfs]f ;++rfng ;DaGwL lgodx? agfpg
− hg;]gf ;DaGwL ;+3sf] sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug{, ljb|f]x tyf cfqmd0fsf] k|ltsf/ ug{

− hg;]gfnfO{ ;+ul7t ug{, xltof/wf/L agfpg, cg'zfl;t agfpg / ;+o'Qm/fHosf] ;]jfdf

sfd ug{ ;Sg] c+usf] Joj:yfkg ug{, sd{rf/L Pj+ clwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm / hg;]gfnfO{
tflnd lbg] clwsf/ s+fu]|;n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lgod k4lt cg';f/, ;DalGwt /fHodf /xg] 5

− ;a} cj:yfdf -bz ju{ dfOneGbf a9L If]qkmn gePsf]_ lhNnfdf hf] s'g} /fHosf] hdLg
6'lqmP/ l;lh{t ePdf, olb sf+u|];n] ckgfPdf Tof] /fHo ;/sf/sf] Ps c+u aGg]5 / ;Dk"0f{
:yfgdf Ps lgsfo ;/x sfd ug{, Joj:yflksfsf] ;xdltn] lslgPsf] 7fpFx?df lsNnf
v8f ug{, kqklqsf, xltof/ e08f/sIf, ;d'b| t6 / cfjZos ejg v8f ug{ kfpg]5 /
;Dk"0f{ cfjZos sfg"gsf] ;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt cGo zlQmsf] k|of]u, cGo s'g} ljefu jf
sfof{nodf klg ug{ ;lsg]5

− of] ;+ljwfg4f/f ;+o'Qm/fHosf] ;/sf/ jf ;+o'Qm/fHosf] s'g} lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ k|4Q

clwsf/ tyf kl5 l;h{gf x'g] clwsf/sf] sfयाGjogsfnflu cfjZos ;a} sfg"gx? lgdf{0f
ug{

efu–
efu–(= -!_ s'g} JolQmsf] a;fO ;/fO{ jf k}7f/LnfO{ clxn];Dd cl:tTjdf /x]sf s'g} /fHon] plrt
7fgL cg'dtL lbPsf]df ;g\ !*)* eGbf k"j{ sf+u|];n] k|ltjGw nufpg ;Sg] 5}g . To:tf] k}7f/L
dfly k|To]s JolQmsfnflu !) 8n/df ga9\g] u/L s/ jf eG;f/ nufpg eg] of] Joj:yfn] s'g}
afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
4
-@_ ljb|f]x jf cfqmd0fsf sf/0f ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iffsf] /Iff ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf afx]s aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]
l/6sf] clwsf/ lgnlDat x'g]5}g .

-#_ s'g} klg ;j{:j x/0f jf d[To'b08 / klxn] u/]sf] s'g} sfdnfO{ kl5 aGg] sfg'gn] ;hfo ug{
ldNg] u/L s'g} klg ljw]os kfl/t ul/g] 5}g .

-$_ hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf jf hgu0fgfdf klxn] g} tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s k|lt JolQm s/ jf
cGo k|ToIf s/ nufpg kfOg] 5}g .

-%_ s'g} Ps /fHoaf6 csf]{ /fHodf lgof{t u/]sf] j:t'dfly s'g} s/ jf dxz'n nfufOg] 5}g .

-^_ s'g} Ps /fHosf] jGbuf{xf eGbf c?/fHosf] jGbuf{xfnfO{ Jofkf/ jf /fh:j gLltdf k|fyldstf
lbOg] 5}}g / Ps /fHosf] kfgL hxfh csf]{ /fHosf] jGbuf{xf hfgaf6 /f]lsg] 5}g .

-&_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s ;+lrt sf]ifaf6 s'g} klg /sd lgsf;f ul/g] 5}g . lgoldt?kdf ljj/0f
/ ;fj{hlgs /sdsf] vr{ tyf e/kfO{sf] ljj/0f ;do ;dodf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .

-*_ ;+o'Qm/fHo4f/f s;}nfO{ klg ljz]ifflwsf/ k|bfg ul/g] 5}g / sf+u|];sf] l:js[lt lagf ;/sf/L
sfdsfhdf संnUg hf];'s} JolQmn] s'g} k|sf/sf] pkxf/, eQf, sfof{no jf pkgfd / cGo s]lx s'/f,
s'g} klg ljb]zL /fHosf /fhf, /fhs'df/ jf /fHoaf6 s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ 5}g .

efu–
efu–!)=
!)= -!_ s'g} klg /fHon] ;GwL, ;Demf}tf jf u7aGwg lgdf{0f ug{, d'b|f agfpg C0f ;DalGw
ljw]osnfO{ x6fpg, C0f ltg{sf]nflu 6]08/ cfJxfg ug,{ ck/fwsf sf/0fn] gful/s clwsf/ jl~rt
ug]{ vfnsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{, e"tnlIft -kZrfbzL{_ sfg'g agfpg jf s/f/Lo bfloTj x6fpg]
;DalGw sfg'g agfpg jf ljz]ifflwsf/sf] pkflw k|bfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

-@_ ;'kl/j]If0f ;DalGw cfkm\gf sfg"gx? sfof{Gjog ug{ clt cfjZos ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s
sf+u|];sf] cg'dltlagf s'g} klg /fHon] cfoft jf lgof{tdf dxz'n jf s/ nufpg kfpg] 5}g /
cfoft tyf lgof{t cGtu{t s'g} /fHo4f/f hDdf ul/Psf] dxz'n tyf z'Nssf] v'b cfo
;+o'Qm/fHosf] ;+lrtsf]ifdf hDdf x'g5
] / o; ;DalGw ;a} sfg"gx? ;+zf]]wg / lgoGq0f sf+u|];sf]
dftxftdf x'g]5 .

-#_ sf+u|];sf] cg'dltlagf s'g} klg /fHon] cfqmd0f jf tTsfn vt/fsf] cj:yf l;h{gf geP;Dd
kfgL hxfhsf] Ifdtfsf] s/ nufpg, kmf}h /fVg jf zflGtsf] a]nfdf o'4sf lglDt kfgL hxfh v8f
ug{ jf s'g} csf]{ /fHo;Fu jf j}b]lzs zlQm;Fu ;xdlt ug{ jf o'4df k|j]z ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

5
 wf/f – @

efu–
efu–!= -!_ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsf] /fi6«kltdf lglxt /xg]5 . /fi6kltsf]
kbfjwL pk/fi6kltsf] kbfjwL ;/x rf/ jif{sf] x'g] 5 . lghsf] lgjf{rg lgDgcg';f/ x'g]5 .

-@_ Joj:yflksfsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k x/]s /fHon] sf+u|];df ;lDdlnt l;g]6/x? / k|ltlglw;ef
;b:osf k'/f ;+Vof a/fa/sf] lgवा{rsx? lgo'Qm ug]{5 t/ ;+o'Qm/fHo cGtu{t ;/sf/L sfof{{no jf
nfesf] kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm, l;g]6/ jf k|ltlglw lgjf{rs x'g cof]Uo dflgg] 5 .

-#_ lgjf{rsx?n] ;DalGwt /fHodf e]nf eO{ b'O{ hgf JolQmnfO{ dt lbg ;Sg]5g\, h;df Pshgf
JolQm cfkm\gf] /fHosf] afl;Gbf gePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . lgjf{rsx?n] dt k|fKt u/]sf JolQmx?sf] ;"lr,
k|To]sn] k|fKt u/]sf] dt;+Vof tof/ u/L To;df ;lx5fk / k|dfl0ft u/L l;njGbL ;lxtsf] kmf/d
;+o'Qm/fHosf] ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug]5 { g\ . l;g]6sf] cWoIfn] l;g]6 tyf k|ltlglw;efsf] pkl:yltdf
;a} sfuhftx? vf]Ng]5g\ / dtu0fgf sfo{ k|f/De x'g]5 . ;a} eGbf a9L dt k|fKt JolQm /fi6«kltsf]
kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g5 ] . o;sfnflu pQm dt;+Vof ;a} lgjf{rs ;+Vofsf] ax'dt x'g'kg]{5 . olb Ps
eGbf a9L JolQmn] To:tf] ax'dt k|fKt u/]df tyf j/fj/ dt ;+Vof x'g uPdf k|ltlglw;efn] tTsfn}
To:tf JolQmx? dWo]af6 PshgfnfO{ /fi6«klt kbdf lgj{flrt ug]{5 . o;af6 klg s'g} Ps JolQmn]
ax'dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df ;"lrs[t pd]bjf/x? dWo] ;a} eGbf a9L dt k|fKt kfFr pDd]bjf/x?
dWo]af6 k|ltlglw;efn] Ps hgf /fi6«kltsf] rog ug]{5 . t/ /fi6«kltsf] rog ubf{ dtx?
/fHo4f/f lnOg] 5 . k|To]s /fHosf] k|ltlglwnfO{ Ps dtsf] clwsf/ x'g5 ] . o;sfnflu b'O{ ltxfO
/fHosf ;b:o jf ;b:ox?sf] ;+Vof u0fk'/s ;+Vof x'g]5 / lg0f{osfnflu ;a} /fHox?sf] ax'dt
cfjZos x'g]5 . k|To]s cj:yfdf /fi6«kltsf] 5gf]6 eO;s]kl5 lgjf{rsx?af6 ;a} eGbf a9L dt
k|fKt ug]{ JolQm pk/fi6«klt kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g]5 . olb b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L pDd]bjf/x?n] a/fa/L
dt k|fKt u/]df l;g]6n] lgjf{rgsf] dfWod4f/f PshgfnfO{ pk/fi6«klt kbdf 5gf]6 ug]{5 .

-$_ sf+u|];n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;dodf lgjf{rsx?sf] dtbfg x'g]5 / To;/L tf]s]s} lbgdf ;+o'Qm/fHo
e/L g} lgjf{rg x'g]5 .

-%_ hGdhft gful/s jf of] ;+ljwfg nfu" x'Fbfsf avt ;+oQ ' m/fHosf] gful/s ePsf] JolQm afx]s
c? JolQm /fi6«klt kbsfnflu of]Uo dflgg] 5}g, #% jif{ gk'u]sf] tyf sDtLdf !$ jif{ b]lv
cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; gu/]sf] JolQm klg /fi6«kltsf nflu of]Uo dflgg] 5}g .

-^_ d[To' ePsf] jf cfkm\gf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf] jf cfkm\gf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] kfngf ug{
c;Ifd ePaf6 /fi6«kltsf] kb d'Qm ePdf /fi6«kltsf] lhDd]jf/L pk/fi6«klt4f/f axg x'g]5 .
/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltsf] d[To', /fhLgfdf jf c;Ifdtfsf sf/0f kb d'Qm x'g] cj:yf / csf]{
/fi6«klt lgjf{rg geP;Dd jf To:tf] c;Ifdtf d'Qm geP;Ddsf nflu /fi6«kltn] lhDd]jf/L
;DxfNg] ;DalGw Joj:yf sf+u|];n] sfg"gdf tf]s] adf]lhd x'g5
] .

-&_ /fi6«kltn] cfkm\gf] ;]jfsf nflu tf]lsPsf] ;dodf tna ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{5, lgjf{lrt ePsf]
;dofjlw;Dd lghsf] tna ;'ljwfdf s'g} 3l6j9L x'g] 5}g / ;+o'Qm/fHo jf cGo s;}af6 cGo s'g}
tna ;'ljwf lghn] k|fKt ug]{ 5}g .

6
-*_ /fi6«kltsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'cl3 /fi6«kltn] lgDg cg';f/sf] ;ky lng'kg]{ 5 . æd ;Tolgi7f
k"j{s k|lt1f u5'{ ls ;+o'Qm /fHosf] /fi6«kltsf] sfof{nosf] sfo{ef/ OdfGbfl/tfsf ;fy ;DxfNg] 5'
/ d]/f] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd ;+o'Qm /fHosf] ;+ljwfgsf] ;+j4{g ;'/Iff / k|lt/Iff ug]{5' .

efu–
efu–@= -!_ /fi6«klt ;+o'Qm/fHosf] ;}lgs tyf gf};}lgssf] æk/dfwLkltÆ x'Gf]5, / ;+o'Qm/fHosf]
;]jfdf af]nfOPdf cGo /fHox?sf hg;]gfx?sf] klg æk/dfwLkltÆ x'g]5 . lghn] cfkm" cGtu{tsf
k|To]s sfo{sf/L ljefusf k|d'vx?af6 pgLx?sf] st{Jo;Fu hf]l8Psf s'g} klg ljifodf lnlvt /fo
;'emfj dfUg tyf dxfcleof]usf] d'2fafx]ssf ;+o'Qm/fHo lj?4sf ck/fwx?sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL jf
sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ l;g]6sf] ;'emfj / l:js[tLdf lgh;Fu ;GwL ug]{ clwsf/ lglxt /xg] 5 h;sf lglDt l;g]6sf]
b'O{ ltxfO{sf] ;xdtL cfjZos x'g]5 / l;g]6sf] ;'emfj / :jLs[lt lnO{ /fhb"tx?sf], c? ;/sf/L
dGqLx? / jfl0fHob"tx?, ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz / ;+o'Qm/fHosf cGo kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'Qm
ug{ ;Sg]5 . o:tf] lgo'lQm sfg"g cg';f/ dfq} ug{ ;lsg]5, t/ sf+u|];n] sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf
;fdfGo kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ /fi6«klt PSn} jf cbfnt jf ljefuLo k|d'vnfO{
lbg ;Sg]5 .

-#_ l;g]6sf] clwj]zg rfn' gePsf] cj:yfdf l/Qm kbx? k"lt{ ug]{ clwsf/ /fi6«kltnfO{ x'g]5,
h;sf] k|efjsfl/tf csf]{ clwj]zgsf] cGTo;Dd x'G5 .

efu–
efu–#= lghn] ;do ;dodf /fHox?sf] ultljlwaf/]df sf+u|];nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 /
cfkm"nfO{ plrt nfu]sf pkfox? cjnDag ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ c;fwf/0f cj:yfdf b'j} jf s'g} Ps
;bgsf] a}7s cfJxfg ug]{, a}7s :ylut ug]{ ;DaGwdf dt ljefhg ePdf cfkm"n] plrt ;Dem]sf]
;dodf a}7s :ylut ug]{, /fhb"t tyf cGo ;/sf/L dGqLx?af6 cf]xbfsf] k|df0fkq u|x0f ug{],
sfg"gx? ljZjf;gLo 9+un] sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] jf/] Wofg lbg] tyf ;+o'Qm/fHosf ;a} txsf
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .

efu–
efu–$= /fi6«klt, pk/fi6«klt tyf ;+o'Qm/fHosf ;a} lghfdtL clwsf/Lx? b]zb|f]x, e|i6«frf/ jf
cGo u+eL/ k|s[ltsf ck/fw tyf v/fa cfr/0fsf] cleof]udf dxfcleof]uaf6 kbd'Qm x'g]5g\ .

wf/f – #

efu–
efu–!= ;+o'Qm/fHosf] Goflos clwsf/ Pp6f ;jf{]Rr cbfnt / sf+u|];åf/f ;do–;dodf sfg"g4f/f
:yfkgf ul/Psf tNnf] txsf cbfntx?df lglxt x'g]5 . ;jf{]Rr tyf dftxtsf b'a} cbfntsf
GofofwLzx? c;n cfr/0f sfod /x];Dd kbdf jxfn /xg]5g\ . lghx?n] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;]jf
;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{5g\ . lghx?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfdf kbdf jxfn /x];Ddsf] cjlwdf s'g} s6f}tL
x'g] 5}g .

efu–
efu–@= -!_ Goflos clwsf/sf] k|of]u sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+ljwfg, k|rlnt jf kl5 aGg] ;GwL
;Demf}tfx?, ;a} cj:yfsf /fhb"t, cGo ;/sf/L dGqL tyf jfl0fHob"tx?, ;a} cj:yfsf
gf};]gfWoIf tyf ;fd'lGb|s If]qflwsf/sf ljifox?, ;+o'Qm/fHo kIf ePsf ljjfbx?, b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf
a9L /fHox?aLrsf] ljjfbx?, ljleGg /fHosf gful/s aLrsf] ljjfb, ljleGg /fHoaf6 cg'bfg
:j?k k|fKt hUufsf] xs bfjL ;DalGw Pp6} /fHo gful/s aLrsf] ljjfb, Pp6f /fHo jf ToxfFsf]
gful/sx? tyf ljb]zL /fHo, gful/s jf ljifox? aLr ;dfg?kn] nfu" x'g]5 .
7
-@_ /fhb"tx?, ;/sf/L dGqLx?, jfl0fHob"tx? tyf /fHo kIf x'g] ;a} ljifox?df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
z'? If]qflwsf/ x'g]5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Psf cGo ljifox?sf] xsdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bsLo
If]qflwsf/ x'g]5 . h; cGtu{t ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] sf+u|];n] sfg"gdf tf]lsPsf ckjfbx?sf] cwLgdf
/xL sfg"g / tYo b'j} dflysf] If]qflwsf/ k|of]u ug]{5 .

-#_ dxfcleof]usf] ljifo b]lv afx]ssf ;a} ck/fwx?sf] k'k{If h'/Ln] ug]{ 5 . To:tf] k'k{If ck/fw
ePsf] /fHodf ul/g] 5, s'g} klg /fHo leq ck/fw gePsf] cj:yfdf sf+u|];n] sfg"g4f/f tf]s]sf]
:yfg jf :yfgx?df To:tf] k'k{If ;DkGg x'g]5 .

efu–
efu–#= -!_ /fHo lj?4sf] o'4df ;+nUg /x]sf] jf /fHosf zq'x?;Fu ldn]/ pgLx?nfO{ ;xof]u jf
/fxt k|bfg u/]sf] sfo{dfq ;+o'Qm/fHo lj?4sf] b|f]x dflgg] 5 . b'O{ k|ToIfbzL{sf] aofg jf cbfnt
;dIf cleo'Qmn] u/]sf] :jLsf/f]lQm lagf s'g} JolQmnfO{ b]zb|f]xL 7x/fpg ldNg]5}g .

-@_ b]zb|f]xLsf] b08;hfo tf]Sg] clwsf/ sf+u|];df lglxt x'g]5 . b]zb|f]xsf] ;hfo kfPsf] JolQmn]
lhGbuL e/ cfˆgf] ;DklQ cfˆgf] pQ/flwsf/Ldf x:tfGt/0f ug{ kfpg] 5}g / lghsf] ;DklQ hkmt
ul/g] 5 . t/ p;sf] d[To' kl5 Tof] ;DklQ pQ/flwsf/LnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ of]Uo dflgGf]5 .

wf/f – $

efu–
efu–!= k|To]s /fHosf] ;fj{hlgs sfo{, clen]v tyf Goflos sfdsf/jfxLdf c? /fHosf] k"0f{
cf:yf / ;Ddfg /xg] 5 . sf+u|];n] To:tf] sfo{ tyf Goflos sfdsf/jxLsf] k|df0fLs/0f / k|efj
sfg'g cg';f/ lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g5
] .

efu–
efu–@= -!_ k|To]s /fHosf gful/sx?n] c? /fHosf gful/s ;/xsf ;'ljwf tyf clwsf/x?
pkef]u ug]{5g\ .

-@_ b]z b|f]x h3Go ck/fw jf cGo ck/fwdf s'g} /fHodf cf/f]lkt JolQm km/f/ eO{ csf]{ /fHodf
km]nfk/]df To:tf] /fHosf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/Lsf] cg'/f]wdf To:tf] km/f/L JolQmnfO{ pQm ck/fwsf]
Ifqflwsf/ ePsf] /fHodf a'emfO{g] 5 .
-#_ Pp6f /fHodf, sfg'g adf]lhdsf] s'g}klg sfd jf >ddf ePsf] dfG5] efu]/ csf{] /fHodf uPdf
ToxfFsf] s'g}klg sfg'g jf lgod cg';f/ p;nfO{ Tof] sfdaf6 5'6\sf/f lbOg]5}g, xs bflj u/]sf]
v08df Tof] kIf hf];Fu p;sf] sfd afFsL 5 p;nfO{ To:tf] JolQmsf] lhDdf nufOg]5 .]

efu–
efu–#= -!_ sf+u|];n] gofF /fHox? ;+3leq ;dfj]z u/fpg ;Sg]5 t/ ;DalGwt /fHosf]
Joj:yflksf / sªu|];sf] ;xdlt lagf Pp6f /fHosf] clwsf/ If]q leq gofF /fHo :yfkgf ug{ jf
s'g} b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L /fHo jf s'g} /fHosf] s]lx efux? ufe]/ gofF /fHo agfpg kfOg] 5}g .

-@_ ;+o'Qm/fHosf] ;Ldf, dof{bf tyf ;DklQsf] /Iff ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ lgod sfg"g lgdf{0f tyf vf/]h
ug]{ clwsf/ sf+u|];df lglxt x'g]5 . ;+o'Qm/fHo cyjf s'g} Ps /fHosf] bfjLnfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg] s'g}
k|sf/sf k|fjwfgx? o; ;+ljwfgdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .

8
efu–
efu–$= ;+o'Qm/fHon] ;a} /fHox?df u0ftflGqs ;+/rgfsf] ;/sf/ ;'lglZrt ug]5 { , / cfqmd0fsf]
k|lt/Iff / cfGtl/s lx+;fsf] lj?4 Joj:yflksf jf काय{kflnsfsf] Joj:yflksf ;+rfng x'g g;s]sf]
v08df sfof{Gjogsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug]{5 .

wf/f – %

b'j} ;bgsf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox?åf/f cfjZos 7flgPdf sf+u|];n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj k]z
ug'{kg]{ 5 . To:t} ljleGg /fHosf b'O{ ltxfO{ Joj:yflksf ;b:ox?sf] cfjb]g k|fKt ePdf sf+u|];n]
clwj]zgåf/f ;+zf]wg k|:tfj ug]{5 . o;/L k|:tfj ul/Psf ;+zf]wgx? tLg rf}yfO{ Joj:yflksf] dt
jf tLg rf}yfO{ Joj:yflksf clwj]zgåf/f cg'df]bg ePdf ;+ljwfgsf] c+usf ?kdf dfGo x'g]5g\ .
cg'df]bgsf] k|lqmof sf+u|];åf/f k|:tfj ul/g]5 . cg'df]bg dfGo x'gsf nflu ;g\ c7f/ ;o cf7 k"j{
ul/Psf cg'df]bgn] wf/f ! sf] efu gf} sf] klxnf] / rf}yf] pk jfSonfO{ c;/ kfg]{ 5}g / s'g}
/fHosf] ;xdlt lagf ;f] /fHonfO{ l;g]6df ;dfg k|ltlglwTjsf] xsaf6 jl~rt ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

wf/f – ^

-!_ of] ;+ljwfg nfu" x'g' k"j{ ;DkGg ePsf s/f/Lo bfloTj Pj+ ;Dem}ftfx? dxf;+3df h:t}
;+o'Qm/fHodf ;d]t o;} ;+ljwfg cg'?k j}w x'g5
] g\ .

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg tyf ;+ljwfg cGtu{t ag]sf ;+o'Qm/fHosf sfg"gx? tyf k|rlnt ;a} ;GwLx? Pj+
;+o'Qm/fHosf] clVtof/ adf]lhd cjnDag ul/g] ;GwLx? d'n'ssf ;jf]{Rr sfg"g x'g]5g\ . k|To]s
/fHosf GofowLzx? To:tf sfg"gsf cwLgdf /xg]5g\ / ;+ljwfg jf s'g} /fHosf sfg"g;Fu aflemg]
;a} ljifo aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5g\ .

-#_ o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Psf l;g]6 tyf k|ltlglwx?, ljleGg /fHo Joj:yflksfsf ;b:ox?
tyf ;+o'Qm/fHo Pj+ cGo /fHox?sf ;a} sfo{sf/L tyf Goflos clwsf/Lx?n] ;+ljwfgn] tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] ;ky u|x0f ug]{5g\, t/ ;+o'Qm/fHo cGtu{tsf s'g} ;fj{hlgs lgsfo jf sfof{nosf
kbLo bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ s'g} k|sf/sf] wfld{s k/LIf0f cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .

wf/f – &

विभन रायहमा यो संवधानको कायवयनको लािग gf} रायका सभाहको अनुमोदन k|ofKt x'g]
5 . xfdL tklznsf /fHox?sf] pkl:yltdf ;g\ !**& sf] ;]K6]Dj/ !& tf/]v tyf !@ cf}+ cd]l/sL
:jtGqtf lbj;sf lbg of] ;+ljwfg cg'df]bg u/L hf/L u/]sf 5f}+ .

hh{ jfl;ª6g – /fi6«klt, / elh{lgof ;xfos

Go" x]d;fo/ hf]g Nofª8f]g
lgs]nf; lunDofg

df;fr';] ; gfyflgn uf]/xfd

9
 ?km"; lsË

sg]l6s6 JoL= :6fd"n hf]g;g

/f]h/ ;]/Dofg

Go" of]s{ Pn]Sh]08/ x]ldN6g

Go" hl;{ ljn= lnleª;g

8]le8 a|]o/ln
ljn= lk6/;g
hf]gfM s]6g

k]lG;neflgof
G;neflgof la= k|mf+slng
yf]d; ldslng
/f]A6 df]l6;\
lhof] SnfOe/
yf];\ lkmh;fOdG;
h]8{ OGu]/;f]n
h]D; pON;g\
uf]pe df]l/;

8]nfjo
fjo/ lhjf] l/8
uflgË j]8kmf]6{ h'g
hf]g l8sS;g\
l/rf8{ af;]6
h]sf]= a'|d\

d]l/Nof08 h]D; Dosx]g/L

8\ofg ckm ;]G6 yf]d; h]lgkm/
8]lgn Sof/f]n

elh{lgof hf]g An]/

h]D; Dofl8;g h'=

gy{
gy{ Sof/f]lngf ljlnod AnfpG6
l/rf8{ 8f]A; :k]6
x' ljlnod;g

;fpy Sof/f]lngf h]= ?6n]h

rfN; sf]6]Zjo{ lkGsgL
rfN; lkGsgL
lko;{ a6\no/

hf]lh{of ljlnod lkmp

10
Pa|f afN8ljg
k|dfl0ftstf{ ljlnod HofS;g– ;lrj

11
 dxfclwj]zg, ;f]daf/
;]K6]Da/ !&, !&*&

pkl:yt /fHox?

Go" x]D;fo/, df;fr';];, sg]l6s6, Go" of]s{sf ौीमान x]ldN6g, Go" hl;{, k]gl;Neflgof, 8]nfjo/,
d]l/Nof08, elh{lgof, gy{ Sof/f]lngf, ;fpy Sofl/f]lngf / hf]lh{of .

ljZn]
ljZn]if0f of] ;+ljwfg ;+o'Qm/fHosf] s+fu|];sf] e]nfdf k|:t't ul/g]5 / clwj]zgsf] /fo cg';f/
clwj]zgsf k|ltlglwnfO{ a'emfOg]5 h'g x/]s /fHosf hgtfaf6 r'lgPsf x'g]5g\ . Joj:yflksfsf]
l;kmfl/;sf nflu ;xdtL / :jLs[ltsf nflu / x/]s clwj]zgdf ;f]xL ;xdtL / :jLs[ltsf]
hfgsf/L ;+o'Qm/fHosf] e]nfnfO{ lbg]5 .

ljZn]
ljZn]if0f gf}j6f /fHosf ;efx?4f/f of] ;+ljwfgsf] cg'df]bg eP kl5 ;+o'Qm/fHosf] s+fu|];sf] e]nfn]
pko'Qm lbg tf]sL /fHon] rog u/]sf dtbftf cg';f/ :jLs[t ul/g]5, h'g lbg dtbftfx? e]nfeO{
/fi6«kltnfO{ dt v;fNg]5g\, / Tof] ;+ljwfg cGtu{t ;do / 7fpF tf]lsg]5 .

lgjf{rg sfo{qmdsf] k|sfzgkl5 dtbftfx?sf] 5gf]6 ul/g]5, / l;g]6/ tyf k|ltlglwx? lgjf{lrt
x'g]5g\ . tt\ kZrft\, /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu tflsPsf] lbgdf dtbftfx? e]nfx'g]5g\ /
;+ljwfg adf]lhd dtx? v;fnL, k|df0fLs/0f, x:tfIf/, / l;naGbL u/L ;+o'Qm/fHosf] s+fu|];sf]
e]nfdf k7fpg] 5g\ f l;g]6/x? tyf k|ltlglw;ef ;b:ox? tf]lsPsf] ;do / 7fpFdf e]nf x'g]5g\ .
l;g]6/x?n] l;g]6sf] cWoIfsf] rog ug]{5g\, h'g /fi6«kltsf] dtu0fgfsf] nflu dtkq vf]Ng, u0fgf
ug{ / /fi6«klt rog x'g] lalQs} sf+u|]; / /fi6«kltn], lagf s'g} ljnDa ;+ljwfgsf] nfu" ug'{kg]{5 .

clwj]zgsf] ;j{;Ddt cfb]z cg';f/

hh{ jfl;ª6g\ – /fi6«klt
8An"= HofS;g – ;lrj
* ;+zf]wgåf/f sf]i7leqsf] efiffdf kl/jt{g 5 .

12
 ;+zf]wgx¿
gx¿

;+zf]wgM !

s+fu|];n] wfld{s ;+:yfx? :yfkgf ug{], wd{sf] :jtGqtf k"j{s pkef]u ug{ lgif]w ug]{ jf cleJolQm
:jtGqtf, k|]; :jtGqtf, zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf tyf clwsf/sf] k|rngsf nflu ofrgf
bfo/ ug{ ;Sg] :jtGqtfsf] s6f}tL x'g] u/L s'g} sfg"g agfpg ;Sg]5}g .

;+zf]wgM @

Pp6f :jtGq /fHosf] ;'/Iffsf nflu cfjZos Jojl:yt ?kdf ;+rflnt hg;]gfsf nflu hgtfsf]
xftxltof/ /fVg kfpg] clwsf/sf] s6f}tL x'g] 5}g .

;+zf]wgM #

s'g} klg ;}lgsnfO{ zflGtsf] ;dodf 3/ dflnssf] cg'dlt lagf 3/df cf>o lbOg] 5}g / o'4sf]
;dodf sfg"gn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] k|s[of k'/f u/L cf>o lbg ;lsg] 5 .

;+zf]wgM $

hgtfsf] j}olQms ;'/Iff, cfjf; tyf kqklqsfsf] :jtGqtf Pj+ cg'lrt vfgtnf;L Pj+ cltqmd0f
lj?4sf] clwsf/sf] :jtGqtf pNn+3g x'g] 5}g\ . lagf cfwf/ / sf/0f jf lglZrt :yfgsf] pNn]v
gu/L kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug]{ tyf vfgtnf;L Pj+ hkmt ug]{ sfo{ ul/g] 5}g\ .

;+zf]
zf]wgM %

o'4 jf ;fj{hlgs vt/fsf] ;dodf yn, hn jf hg;]gf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox?df afx]s s'g} klg
JolQmnfO{ u|f08 h'/Lsf] cleof]u jf pkl:ylt lagf d[To' b08 jf cGo uDeL/ ck/fwdf ;d]t aofg
lbg afWo ul/g] 5}g . s'g} klg JolQm pk/ To;} s;'/df Ps k6s eGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] / ;hfo
ul/g] 5}gÙ s'g} kmf}hbf/L s;'/sf] cleof]udf cfˆgf] lj?4 ;fIfL x'g s/ nufOg] 5}gÙ sfg"gL k|s[of
afx]s hLjg, :jtGqtf / ;DklQsf] clwsf/af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g / lagf s'g} plrt Ifltk"lt{
JolQmsf] lghL ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs lxtsfnflu clwu|x0f ul/g] 5}g .

;+zf]
zf]wgM ^

;a} kmf}hbf/L cleof]hgx?df cleo'Qmn] ck/fw ePsf] :yfgsf] lhNnf tyf /fHosf] lgikIf h'/L4f/f
l56f] tyf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{sf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug]{5 . To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ cleof]usf] sf/0f tyf
k|s[lt yfxf kfpg], cfkm" lj?4sf ;fIfLx?sf] lh/x ug]{, cfkm\gf] kIfdf ;fIfLx? /fVg kfpg] tyf
cfˆgf] k|lt/Iffsfnlfu k/fdz{sf] ;xfotf lng kfpg] clwsf/ x'g5] .

13
 ;+zf]wgM &

bz 8n/ eGbf a9L ljuf] ;dfj]z ePsf ;fdfGo k|s[ltsf ljjfbx?sf] xsdf h'/L4f/f ul/g] k'k{Ifsf]
clwsf/ k|fKt x'g5
] / h'/L4f/f k/LIf0f ul/Psf s'g} klg tYox? ;fdfGo sfg"gsf lgodx?df
cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s ;+o'Qm/fHosf s'g} klg cbfnt4f/f k'gM k/LIf0f ul/g] 5}g .

;+zf]wgM *

cToflws hdfgt, cToflws hl/jfgf tyf cdfgjLo Pj+ c;fwf/0f b08–;hfo tf]lsg] 5}g .

;+zf]wgM (

;+ljwfgk4Q clwsf/x?sf] JofVof hgtf4f/f k|fKt cGo clwsf/x?sf] lj?4 x'g] u/L ul/g] 5}g .

;+zf]wgM !)

;+ljwfg4f/f ;+o'Qm/fHonfO{ k|Tofof]hg gul/Psf tyf /fHox?nfO{ lgif]w gul/Psf clwsf/x?

;DalGwt /fHo jf hgtfx?df lglxt /x]sf] dflgg] 5 .

;+zf]wgM !!

sf+u|];n] kfl/t dfr{ $, !&($ cg'df]bg km]j|'c/L &, !&(% -gf]6 ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b # sf] Ps
v08df efu @, !! cf}+ ;+zf]wgn] kl/dflh{t u/]sf] .

;+o'Qm /fHosf] Goflos clwsf/ csf]{ /fHosf gful/s jf s'g} ljb]zL /fHosf gful/s jf ljifo4f/f
;+o'Qm/fHosf] s'g} Ps /fHo lj?4 k|f/De jf cleof]hg ug]{ s'g} sfg"g jf Gofosf] ljifo ;Dd
lj:tfl/t x'g] u/L JofVof ul/g] 5}g .

;+zf]wgM !@

lgjf{rsx?n] cfkm\g} /fHodf uf]Ko dtbfg dfkm{t\ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltnfO{ dtbfg ug{ kfpg]5g\ .
o;/L dtbfg ubf{ /fi6«klt jf pk/fi6«klt b'O{ hgfdWo] Ps hgf To:tf] /fHosf] afl;Gbf x'g' x'Fb}g .
/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltnfO{ 5'§f—5'§} dtkqdf uf]Ko dtbfg ug'{ kg]{5 . dtbfg eO;s]kl5 /fi6«klt
/ pk/fi6«kltsf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ pgLx?n] kfPsf] dt;+Vof k|dfl0ft / x:tfIf/ ul/g] 5 . o:tf]
;"rL df]x/ nufP/ l;g]6sf cWoIfnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . l;g]6sf cWoIfn] l;g]6sf ;b:ox? /
k|ltlglw;efsf] ;b:ox?sf] pkl:yltdf ;a} dtkqx? / sfuhftx¿ vf]Ng]5g\ . dtu0fgf cg';f/
h;n] ax'dt k|fKt u5{ To:tf] JolQm /fi6«klt x'g]5g\ . s'g} klg JolQmn] ax'dt xfl;n ug{ g;s]df
clwstd tLg hgf /fi6«klt k|ltlglwx?sf] ;"rL k'gM agfOg]5 . o:tf] ;"rL tof/ kfbf{ k|fKt
clwstd dt k|fKt ug]{ tLg hgfnfO{ छािनने छ। k|ltlglw;efn] ;"rLs[t k|ltlglwx?nfO{ uf]Ko
dtaf6 /fi6«kltsf nflu r'Gg ;Sg]5 . o;/L /fi6«klt 5fGbf /fHon] dtbfg ug{ kfpg]5 . k|To]s
/fHosf k|ltlglwx?n] Ps dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug]{5g\ . o;/L dtbfg ubf{ k|To]s /fHosf b'O{ ltxfO{
k|ltlglwx? pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . o;/L dtbfg ubf{ /fi6«kltsf nflu of]Uo x'g] ;a} /fHox?sf] ax'dt
xfl;n ug'{kg]5
{ . -o;/L k|ltlglw;efsf ;b:ox?n] lglZrt cjlwdf dfr{sf] rf}yf] lbgeGbf cufl8

14
5fGg g;s]df pk/fi6«kltn] /fi6«kltsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg]5g\ . h:t}M d[To' / cGo sfg"gL cof]Uotfsf]
cj:yfdf ._

pk/fi6«kltsf pDd]bjf/x¿dWo], ;jf{lws dt k|fKt ug]{ JolQm pk/fi6«kltdf 5flgg]5 . o:tf] k|fKt
dt ;"lrs[t lgjf{rsx?sf] ax';+Vos x'g'k5{ . olb s'g} klg k|ltlglwn] ax'dt xfl;n ug{ g;s]df
k|fKt dt;+VofnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cToflws dt k|fKt ug]{ b'O{ pk/fi6«klt k|ltlglwx?sf] ;"rL tof/
ul/g]5 . l;g]6n] pk/fi6«klt 5fGg]5 . o;/L pk/fi6«klt 5fGg l;g]6sf b'O{ ltxfO{ k|ltlglwx?
pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 / pkl:yt k|ltlglwx?sf] ax''dtn] pk/fi6«klt 5fGg ;Sg]5 . ;+o'Qm /fHosf] nflu
/fi6«klt kbdf cof]Uo 7xl/Psf] JolQm pk/fi6«klt kbsf nflu of]Uo 7xl/g]5 .

;+zf]wgM !#

hgj/L #!, !*^% df sf+u|];åf/f kfl/t, l8;]Da/ ^, !*^% df cg'df]bg ul/Psf] .

-gf]6M ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b -3_ efu @ nfO{ t]x|f}+ ;+zf]wgn] kl/dflh{t u/]sf] 5 ._

efu–
efu–!= sfg"g adf]lhd cf/f]k k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;+o'Qm/fHo jf To; cGtu{tsf
c? s'g} e"efudf bf;tf jf bf;Tj ;DalGw cj:yf ljBdfg /xg] 5}g\ .

efu–
efu–@= pko'Qm sfg"gåf/f o; efusf] nfu" ug]{ clwsf/ sfFu|];df lglxt /xg]5 .

;+zf]wgM !$

sfFu|];n] h'g !#, !*^^ df kfl/t, h'nfO{ ( !*^* df cg'df]bg u/]sf]

-gf]6M ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b ! efu @, rf}wf}+ ;+zf]wgdf efu @ åf/f kl/dflh{t u/]sf] .

efu–
efu–!= ;+o'Qm/fHo jf o;sf] If]qflwsf/ leq hlGdPsf jf c+lus[t gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf JolQmx?
;+o'Qm/fHo tyf /fHosf gful/sx? x'g]5g\ . ;+o'Qm/fHosf gful/sx?sf] xs clwsf/ tyf ;'ljwfx?
क6f}tL x'g]u/L s'g} klg /fHon] s'g} sfg"g agfpg] jf nfu" ug]{ 5}g, sfg"gsf] plrt k|s[of ljgf
s'g} klg /fHon] JolQmsf] hLjg, :jtGqtf jf ;DklQsf] clwsf/af6 jl~rt x'g]u/L s'g} sfg"g
agfpg] 5}g / s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ leq sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 jl~rt ul/g]
5}g .

efu–
efu–@= s/sf] bfo/fdf gcfpg] cfbLjf;L hghftLx? afx]s k|To]s /fHodf hg;+Vofsf] u0fgf u/L
;f]sf] cg'kftdf ljleGg /fHox?sf nflu k|ltlglwx? 5'6\ofOg] 5 . t/ ;+o'Qm/fHosf] /fi6«klt /
pk/fi6«klt, sf+u|];sf k|ltlglwx?, /fHosf sfo{sf/L tyf Goflos clwsf/Lx? jf Joj:yflksf
;b:ox?sf nflu lgjf{rssf] 5gf]6 ug]{ s'g} klg lgjf{rgdf @! jif{ gk'u]sf To:tf /fHosf k'?if
afl;Gbfx? tyf z;:q ljb|f]x jf cGo ck/fwdf ;+nUg ePsf JolQmx? dtflwsf/sf nflu of]Uo
dflgg] 5}gg\ .

efu–
efu–#= sf+u|];sf] ;b:o, ;+o'Qm/fHosf] kbflwsf/L, s'g} klg /fHo Joj:yflksfsf] ;b:o jf s'g}
/fHosf] sfo{sf/L jf Goflos clwsf/Lsf] x}l;otdf kbef/ lnO{ ;s]sf] JolQm jf /fHo lj?4sf]
ck/fwdf ;+nUg, jf /fHosf zq'x?nfO{ ;xof]u jf /fxt k|bfg ug]{ s'g} klg JolQm l;g]6/ jf

15
sf+u|];sf] k|ltlglw jf /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rs jf s'g} klg /fHo jf ;+o'Qm/fHo
cGtu{tsf s'g} lghfdtL jf ;}lgs ;]jfdf /xg] 5}g .

efu–
efu–$= sfg"g4f/f clwsf/ k|fKt lgj[lQe/0fsf] e'QmfgL tyf ljb|f]x jf /fhb|f]xnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{
;DaGwdf ePsf vr{nufot ;+o'Qm/fHosf ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] j}wtf dfly k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g . t/ s'g}
/fHo cyjf ;/sf/nfO{ /fhb|f]xL / ljb|f]xL lqmofsnfkdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg / bf;x?sf] aGwgd'lQmsf
nflu s'g} lsl;dsf] vr{ jf bfloTj k"lt{ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ /xg]5}g / To:tf vr{x? u}x|sfg"gL tyf
cdfGo dflgg]5g\ .

efu–
efu–%= o; efudf pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx?sf] plrt sfg"gL Joj:yf cg';f/ nfu" ug]{ clwsf/
sf+u|];df lglxt /xg] 5 .
* @^ ;f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f efu ! kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 .

;+zf]wgM !%

k]ma|'c/L @^, !*^( df sf+u|];n] kfl/t u/L km]a|'c/L #, !*&) df :jLs[t .

efu–
efu–!= hft, j0f{ jf bf;Tjsf] k"j{ cj:yfsf] cfwf/df ;+o'Qm/fHosf hgtfx?sf] dtbfg ug{ kfpg]
clwsf/ ;+o'Qm/fHo jf s'g} klg /fHo4f/f jl~rt jf s6f}tL ul/g] 5}g .

efu–
efu–@= pko'Qm sfg"gåf/f o; efusf] nfu' ug]{ clwsf/ sfFu|];df lglxt /xg]5 .

;+zf]wgM !^

h'nfO{ @, !()( df sf+u|];n] kfl/t u/L km]a|'c/L #, !(!# df :jLs[t .

-gf]6M ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b !, efu (, ;f]x|f} ;+zf]wgn] kl/dflh{t_

w]/} /fHox?df ;+ljefhg gu/L jf hgu0fgf jf ;lj:tf/ j0f{g gu/L s'g} klg ;|f]taf6 cflh{t
cfox?df s/ nufpg] / ;+sng ug]{ clwsf/ s+fu|];df /xg]5 .

;+zf]wgM !&

d] !#, !(!@ df sf+u|];n] kfl/t u/L clk|n *, !(!# df :jLs[t .

-gf]6M ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b !, efu #, ;qf}+ ;+zf]wgn] kl/dflh{t_

k|To]s /fHoaf6 5 jif{sf nflu b'O{hgfsf b/n] hgtf4f/f lgjf{lrt l;g]6/x?af6 ;+o'Qm/fHo
cd]l/sfsf] l;g]6 u7g x'g]5 / k|To]s l;g]6/nfO{ Ps dtsf] clwsf/ /xg]5 . /fHosf]
Joj:yflksfsf w]/} c+ux?sf nflu cfjZos of]Uotf g} k|To]s /fHosf lgjf{rsx?sf] nflu cfjZos
of]Uotf x'g]5 .

s'g} /fHosf] l;g]6df k|ltlglwTj l/Qm x'g uPdf To:tf] /fHosf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/Ln] To:tf] l/Qm
:yfg k"lt{ ug{ lgjf{rg;DaGwL cfb]z kq hf/L ug]{5 . o; efudf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
k|To]s /fHosf] Joj:yflksfn] sfo{kflnsfnfO{ Joj:yflksfn] lgb]{z u/] cg';f/ lgjf{rgsf]
16
dfWod4f/f hgtfn] To:tf l/Qm :yfgx? k"lt{ gu/];Ddsf nflu c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug{ clVtof/L lbg
;Sg]5 .

of] ;+zf]wg ;+ljwfgsf] c+usf] ?kdf nfu" x''g' k"j{ lgwf{l/t e};s]sf] s'g} l;g]6/sf] kbfjwL jf
lgjf{rgnfO{ c;/ ug]{ u/L of] ;+zf]wgsf] JofVof ul/g]] 5}g .

;+zf]wgM !*

l8;]Da/ !*,!(!& df sf+u; |] n] kfl/t u/L hgj/L !^, !(!( df :jLs[t, @! cf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f
l8;]Da/ %,!(## df vf/]h .

efu–
efu–!= o; efusf] cg'df]bg ePsf] ldltn] ! jif{kl5 ;+o'Qm/fHo / af}l4s clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt
;a} If]qdf dfbs kbfy{sf] pTkfbg, a]rljvg, 9'jfgL, cfoft jf lgof{t k]osf] p2]Zon] lgif]w
ul/Psf] 5 .

efu–
efu–@= sf+u|]; tyf ljleGg /fHox?nfO{ plrt sfg"g4f/f o; efusf] sfof{Gjg ug]{ ;+o'Qm clwsf/
x'g]5 .

efu–
efu–#= ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/P cg';f/ ljleGg /fHosf Joj:yflksfx?n]] sf+u|];4f/f /fHonfO{
:jLs[ित k|bfg u/]sf] ldltaf6 ;ft jif{ leq ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wgsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ cg'df]bg gu/];Dd
of] efu lgis[o ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
;+zf]wgM !(

sf+u|];n] kfl/t h'g $, !(!( cg'df]bg cui6 !*, !(@)

lnËsf] cfwf/df ;+o'Qm/fHo jf cGo s'g} /fHo4f/f ;+o'Qm/fHosf gful/sx?sf] dtbfg ug]{
clwsf/sf] jl~rt jf s6f}tL ul/g] 5}g .

pko'Qm sfg"gåf/f o; efusf] nfu' ug]{ clwsf/ sf+u|];df lglxt /xg]5 .

;+zf]wgM @)

-dfr{ @, !(#@ df sf+u|];åf/f kfl/t, hgj/L @# !((# df cg'df]bg ul/Psf]_

-gf]6M ;ljwfgsf] wf/f !sf] efu @ n] cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf cnfjf !@ cf}+ ;+zf]wgsf] v08nfO{
wf/f ! efu # n] /2 u/]sf] 5 ._

efu–
efu–!= o; efusf] cg'df]bg geP;Dd /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltsf] kbfjwL hgj/Lsf] @) sf]
dWofGt/df / l;g]6/ k|ltlglwx?sf] kbfjwL hgj/L # sf] dWofGt/df ;dfKt x'g]5 / pgsf
pQ/flwsf/Lx?sf] kbfjwL z'? x'g]5 .

efu–
efu–@= sfg"gn] csf]{ Joj:yf gu?Gh]n;Dd sf+u|];sf] a}7s jif{df sDtLdf klg Ps k6s a:g]5 /
o:tf] a}7s hgj/Lsf] t];|f] lbgsf] dWofGt/df z'? x'g]5 .
17
efu–
efu–#= olb lgjf{lrt /fi6«kltsf] sfo{cjlw tf]lsPsf] ;do cjlw cufj} d[To' ePdf lgjf{lrt
pk/fi6«kltn] /fi6«kltsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg] 5 . olb tf]lsPsf] sfo{cjlwsf] ;dodf /fi6«klt
lgjf{lrt x'g g;s]df cyjf lgjf{lrt /fi6«klt cof]Uo 7xl/Pdf lgjf{lrt pk/fi6«kltn] /fi6«klt
of]Uo g7xl/Psf] ldlt ;Dd sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg] 5 . /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt lgjf{lrt b'a} cof]Uo
7xl/Psf] cj:yfdf sfFu|];n] sfg"g cg';f/ s;nfO{ /fi6«kltsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg lbg] eGg] clwsf/
lglxt /xg] 5 . o;/L lgo'Qm ul/Psf] JolQmsf] sfo{cjlw /fi6«klt jf pk/fi6«klt of]Uo
g7xl/~h]n;Dd /xg] 5 .

efu–
efu–$= 5gf]6sf] clwsf/ k|ltlglwx?df lglxt /xg] Joj:yf ePdf sf+u|];n] s'g} klg /fi6«klt kbsf]
nflu of]Uo pd]b/jf/sf] d[To' ePdf ;f] kbsf nflu pd]bjf/ k|ltlglw;efsf ;b:ox?af6 5gf}6 ug{
;Sg]5, / 5gf]6sf] clwsf/ l;g]6df lglxt /xg] Joj:yf ePdf l;g]6n] s'g} klg pk/fi6«klt kbsf]
of]Uo pd]bjf/sf] d[To' ePdf ;f] kbsf nflu pd]bjf/ l;g]6af6 5gf]6 ug{ ;Sg]5 .

efu–
efu–%= o; efusf] cg'df]bg ePkZrft\ cS6f]a/ !% b]lv efu ! / @ nfu" x'g]5 .

efu–
efu–^= ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/P cg';f/ ljleGg /fHosf Joj:yflksfx?n]] sf+u|];4f/f /fHonfO{
:jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] ldltaf6 ;ft jif{ leq ljwflosfsf] तीन-च*थाई ax'dtåf/f ;++ljwfgsf]
;+zf]wgsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ cg'df]bg gu/];Dd of] efu lgis[o ePsf] dflgg] 5 .

;+zf]wgM @!

km]a'|c/L @), !(## df sf+u|];åf/f kfl/t, l8;]Da/ %, !(## df cg'df]bg ul/Psf] .

efu–
efu–!= ;+o'Qm/fHosf] ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wgsf] !* cf}+ efu vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

efu–
efu–@= ;+o'Qm/fHo jf s'g} /fHosf] If]qleq dfbs kbfy{sf] u}/sfg"gL pTkfbg, a]rlavg, 9'jfgL,
cfoft jf lgof{t lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 .

efu–
efu–#= ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/P cg';f/ ljleGg /fHosf Joj:yflksfx?n]] sf+u|];4f/f /fHonfO{
:jLs[t k|bfg u/]sf] ldltaf6 ;ft jif{ leq ;++ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wgsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ cg'df]bg gu/];Dd
of] efu lgis[o ePsf] dflgg] 5 .

;+zf]wgM @@

-dfr{ @!, !($& df s+u|];åf/f kfl/t, km]a|'c/L @&, !(%! df cg'df]lbt_

efu–
efu–!= s'g} klg JolQm /fi6«klt kbdf b'O{k6s eGbf a9L sfo{sfnsf nflu lgjf{lrt x'g kfpg] 5}g\
. /fi6«kltsf] kbef/ u|x0f gu/]sf] JolQm jf /fi6«kltsf] kbef/ b'O{ jif{eGbf sd ;dosf nflu
;Dxfn]sf] JolQm csf]{ Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu /fi6«klt kbsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 . sf+u|];n] k|:tfljt
ubf{ /fi6«kltsf] kbef/ ;Dxfln/x]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf eg] of] Joj:yf nfu' x'g]5}g\ . o:t} /fi6«klt jf
sfo{jfxs /fi6«klt sfo{/t ;do /fi6«klt jf sfo{वाहs /fi6«kltsf] xsdf of] wf/f nfu' x'g]5}g\ .
18
efu–
efu–@= ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/P cg';f/ ljleGg /fHosf Joj:yflksfx?n]] sf+u|];4f/f /fHonfO{
:jLs[t k|bfg u/]sf] ldltaf6 ;ft jif{ leq ljwflosfsf] तीन-च*थाई jx'dtåf/f ;++ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wgsf]
?kdf o;nfO{ cg'df]bg gu/];Dd of] efu lgis[o ePsf] dflgg] 5 .

;+zf]wgM @#

h'g !^, !(^) df s+u|];åf/f kfl/t, dfr{ @(, !(^! df cg'df]bg ul/Psf] .

efu–
efu–!= sf+u|];n] lgb]{zg u/] adf]lhd ;+o'Qm/fHosf lhNnf ;/sf/x? lgDg adf]lhd u7g x'g]5g\ M
lhNnf g} Ps/fHo ePsf] cj:yfdf clwsf/k|fKt l;g]6/ / sfFu|];sf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;+Vof
a/fa/sf] /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf lgjf{rsx? r'lgg]5g\ . t/ ;a}eGbf sd hg;+Vof ePsf] /fHosf]
xsdf /fHon] dgf]gog u/]sf JolQmx? dfq /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu ;/f]sfl/t
x'g]5g\ . lghx?sf] a}7s lhNnfdf a:g]5 / lghx?n] ;+zf]wgsf] !@ cf}+ efuåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhdsf
st{Jox? k'/f ug]{5g\ .

efu–
efu–@= pko'Qm sfg"gåf/f o; efusf] nfu' ug]{ clwsf/ sf+u|];df lglxt /xg]5 .

;+zf]wgM @$

cui6 @&, !(^@ df sf+u|];åf/f kfl/t, dfr{ @( !(^! df cg'df]bg ul/Psf] xf] .

efu–
efu–!= k|f/lDes r/0fsf lgjf{rg Pj+ c? /fi6«klt Pj+ pk/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg jf /fi6«klt Pj+
pk/fi6«kltsf lgjf{rs r'lgg] lgjf{rg cyjf l;g]6/ Pj+ sf+u|];sf k|ltlglw r'Gg] lgjf{rgdf dt
lbg kfpg] ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsf hgtfsf clwsf/nfO{ lgjf{rg s/ jf c? s/ glt/]sf] sf/0f
b]vfO{ jl~rt u/fpg kfpg] 5}g .

efu–
efu–@= pko'Qm sfg"gåf/f o; efusf] nfu' ug]{ clwsf/ sfFu|];df lglxt /xg]5 .

;+zf]wgM @%

s+u|];n] kfl/t h'nfO{ ^, !(^%, cg'df]bg km]j|'c/L !), !(^&_

-gf]6M ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b @, efu !, @% cf}+ ;+zf]wgn] kl/dflh{t_

efu–
efu–!= /fi6«klt kbaf6 d'QmePdf, lghsf] d[To' ePdf jf lghn] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPdf
pk/fi6«klt /fi6«klt aGg]5g\ .

efu–
efu–@= pk/fi6«kltsf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf /fi6«kltn] pk/fi6«kltsf] dgf]gog ug]{5g\ / sf+u|];sf
b'a} ;bgx?sf] ax'dtåf/f To:tf] dgf]gog kfl/t ul/g]5 .

19
efu–
efu–#= /fi6«kltn] cfkm\gf] पद-य clwsf/ tyf st{Jox? axg ug{ g;Sg] 3f]if0ff lnlvt ?kdf
l;g]6sf sfo{afxs cWoIf tyf k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'v ;dIf k]z u/]df To:tf] lhDd]af/L
pk/fi6«kltåf/f sfo{jfxs /fi6«kltsf] x}l;otdf axg ul/g]5 .

efu–
efu–$= pk/fi6«klt tyf sfo{sf/L ljefusf d'Vo kbflwsf/Lx? jf sf+u|];n] sfg"gåf/f tf]s]sf
lgsfosf clwsf/Lx?sf] ax'dtn] cfˆgf] पद-य clwsf/ / st{Josf] kfngf ug{ /fi6«klt c;Ifd 5
egL lnlvt ¿kdf l;g]6sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf tyf k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'v ;dIf k|:tfj k]z u/]df
pk/fi6«kltn] sfo{jfxs /fi6«kltsf] x}l;otdf tTsfn kb u|x0f ug]{5 . pk/fi6«klt tyf sfo{sf/L
ljefusf d'Vo kbflwsf/Lx? jf sf+u|];n] sfg"gåf/f tf]s]sf lgsfosf clwsf/Lx?sf] ax'dtn] $
lbgleq cfˆgf] पद-य clwsf/ / st{Josf] kfngf ug{ /fi6«klt c;Ifd 5 egL lnlvt ¿kdf
l;g]6sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf tyf k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'v ;dIf k|:tfj k]z ug{ g;s]df / /fi6«kltn]
l;g]6sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf tyf k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'v ;dIf cfkm' c;Ifd gePsf] lnlvt hjfkm
k]z u/]df lghn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jo k'नवहाली ug]{5 .

o; ;DaGwdf sf+u|];n] clwj]zg ga;]sf] cj:yfdf $* 306fleq clwj]zg af]nfO{ To;af/]df

lg0f{o ug]{5 . kl5Nnf] lnlvt k|:tfj k|fKt u/]sf] @! lbgleq jf sf+u|];sf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ePsf]
@! lbgleq a}7s a:g g;sL b'j} ;bgs]f b'O{ ltxfO{ dtåf/f /fi6«klt cfkm\gf] पद-य clwsf/ tyf
st{Jo axg ug{ c;Ifd 5 egL lg0f{o ePdf, pk/fi6«kltn] sfo{jfxs /fi6«kltsf] x}l;otdf pQm
kbsf] lg/Gt/tf lbg]5 . cGoyf /fi6«kltn] To:tf] पद-य clwsf/ tyf st{Jox¿ k'gM axg ug]{5 .

;+zf]wgM @^

sf+u|];n] kfl/t dfr{ @#, !(&!, cg'df]bg h'nfO{ !, !(&! .

-gf]6M ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg !$, efu @, @^ cf}+ ;+zf]wg efu ! af6 kl/dflh{t_

efu–
efu–!= pd]/sf] cfwf/df ;+o'Qm/fHosf !* jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L pd]/sf hgtfsf] dtbfg ug]{
clwsf/ ;+o'Qm /fHo jf s'g} klg /fHon] jl~rt jf s6f}tL ug]{5}g\ .

efu–
efu–@= pko'Qm sfg"gåf/f o; efusf] nfu' ug]{ clwsf/ sf+u|];df lglxt /xg]5 .

;+zf]wgM @&

k|yd k|:tfj ;]K6]Da/ @%, !&*(, cg'df]bg d] &, !((@ .

lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?åf/f cGoyf lg0f{o ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} klg sfg"gåf/f l;g]6/ tyf
k|ltlglwx?sf] ;]jf—;'ljwfdf x]/km]/ ug{ kfO{g]5}g\ .

20