1
RESEARCH PAPER
“HOW TO ENHANCE EFFECTIVENESS OF PAKISTAN
POLICE”
SYED MUHAMMAD HUSSAIN RIZVI
2
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................4
CHAPTER-2 STRUCTURE OF POLICE DEPARTMENT................................6
CHAPTER-3 REASONS OF THE FAILURE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT......8
CHAPTER-4 REFORMS AREAS IN POLICE DEPARTMENT......................11
CHPATER-5 ATTEMPTS TAKEN FOR POLICE REFORMS........................12
CHAPTER-6 TURKISH MODEL OF POLICE REFORMS.............................16
CHPATER-7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND WAY FORWARDS....................18
CHAPTER-8 CONCLUSION...............................................................................21
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................22
3
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to describe the fact that an efficient and well-
operational police system is critical for the internal security and stability of a
country. Though this research will also examine the reasons that why policy
makers in Pakistan have failed to reform the police department. Many
attempts have been made to reforms the police since the inception of
Pakistan. However, it is essential to discuss that either these attempts were
ineffective to meet the required changes, or the will was missing to implement
those reforms to bring accountability and transparency in police department.
To bring reforms in the institutions, it is significant to know the root causes of
the issues. Thus, a comprehensive analysis is required to obtain the desired
results. By understanding the history, challenges and the structural
organization of police department, an effort has been made to point out the
facts and realities which would help policy makers to know the inadequacy of
the previous reforms and hence contribute in the improvement of the police
department.
Keywords: Police Reforms, structure of police, policing policy.
4
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Pakistan is facing various problems since its independence and lack of
good governance is the main problem. It is growing day by day, bringing
instability in the country and paralyzing the complete system. No country can
sustain its self in an unstable environment. External and internal security
considered equally important domains for stabilization of the country. In
Pakistan, internal security challenges are continuously increasing and
destabilizing the environment. The law enforcement institutions are facing
various challenges to counter them.
When Pakistan got independence, more than eighty years old police
system was inherited from the British. That police system was created to
control the population rather than protecting them. To modernize the police
system, some police commissions were formed, starting with the Cornelius
Commission in 1959.1 Later, it stretched to Police Order 2002.
Police in Pakistan is becoming awfully inadequate with growing
influence by the people who are in power. Governments did not give priority
to the idea of reforming police system since its inception in 1947. Several
steps had been taken by various governments to improve the policing for the
social and economic development of Pakistan. However, those reforms either
did not implement in a proper way or failed to bring required outcomes. In
Pakistan, great mistrust exists between police and citizens of the country.
Rather than giving the sense of security and comfort among the citizens, they
actually created the feeling of terror among them. Corruption, illegal arrest,
torture, deaths in custody and extra judicial killings brought the feeling of
mistrust and created fear among the population.
In 1999, under the Musharraf’s regime, police reforms were taken
seriously.2 For this purpose, a focal group was created. After several
1
National Commission for Government Reforms, Prime Minister’s Secretariat, Pakistan,
“Report of the National Commission for Government Reforms on Reforming the Government
in Pakistan,” 26 May 2008, accessed Oct 5, 2019, http://www.ncgr.gov.pk/Forms/Final
%20Report.pdf.
2
Paul Petzschmann. “Pakistan’s Police between Centralization and Devolution.” Norwegian
Institute of International Affairs, 2010, accessed Oct 5, 2019.
5
discussions, the group finalized recommendations in the form of Police Order
2002.3 The order was created to bring professionalism, service orientation
and accountability in the police department. However, due to the lack of
political will, it has faced resistance from the beginning, and ultimately has
withdrawn in two provinces, Sindh and Baluchistan.
Now Pakistan police needs enhancement in both qualitative and
quantitative manners. There is a requirement of bringing solid reforms in
police while providing transparency to the system. We have seen various
technological advancement in police department for instance computerized
FIRs and Safe City Projects. Such advancement provided ease to citizen and
police itself. If the performance of Pakistan police service improved and
enhanced both qualitatively and quantitatively there will be clear improvement
and stability in law enforcement, prosecution, crime prevention, crisis/disaster
management.
This study will be analyzing the current status of police and challenges
they face during their functions. This study will also provide qualitative and
quantitative recommendations that have utmost significance for enhancement
of police performance.
3
Ibid.
6
CHAPTER-2
STRUCTURE OF POLICE DEPARTMENT
Since 1947, there have been no fundamental changes in the police
department. Under the 1973 constitution, procedure and criminal laws are
introduced.4 Federal government is considered responsible to maintain law
and order in FATA (Federally Administrated Tribal Area) and FANA (Federally
Administrated Northern Areas). The basic law and administrative
responsibilities of the provinces are granted to the provincial government.
However, federal government controls the specialized police agencies which
include FIA (Federal Investigation Agency), the Railway Police, the National
Highway and Motorway Police, Frontier Constabulary and the Islamabad
Capital Police.5 These police forces act autonomously without cooperating
with each other in the provinces, so there is no amalgamation and synergies
among them. Though, the federal interior ministry controls over-all command.
According to the Police Act of 1861, an Inspector General (IGs) is the
head of the police department in the province. Two other ranks, Deputy
Inspectors General (DIGs) and Additional Inspectors General (AIGs), are also
the head of police department under the supervision of IGs. 6 These officers
supervise working of police in declared separated areas in the province. The
Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) controls larger districts and the
capitals of province. The Superintendent of Police (SP) heads the police force
at district level. Assistant Superintendent Police (ASPs) and Deputy
Superintendent Police (DSPs) command the police force at sub-district level. 7
In police department, senior positions are appointed through the Police
Service of Pakistan (PSP) cadre. The officers from PSP are further allocated
to different parts of country, agencies or ministries of the federal government. 8
4
Hassan Abbas. "Reforming Pakistan’s police and law enforcement infrastructure." US Institute of
Peace, Washington, DC (2011).
5
Muhammad Shoaib Suddle. “Reforming Pakistan Police: An Overview.” 120th International Senior
Seminar on “Effective Administration of the Police and the Prosecution in Criminal Justice”, in “Annual
Report 2001”, United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime, p. 97.
6
Hassan Abbas. "Reforming Pakistan’s police and law enforcement infrastructure." US
Institute of Peace, Washington, DC (2011).
7
Ibid.
8
Perito, Robert, and Tariq Parvez. Empowering the Pakistan Police. United States Institute of
Peace, 2013.
7
Recruitment process is through the examination held by Federal Public
Service Commission.9 Before entering in one of the four provincial police
forces, members of PSP are hired as (ASP) Assistant Superintendents of
Police, where they receive two years training. They also serve for one year in
the Frontier Constabulary.10
9
Reforming Pakistan’s Police Crisis Group Asia Report N°157, 14 July 2008
10
Ibid. p.g. 3
8
CHAPTER-3
REASONS OF THE FAILURE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT
Police department in Pakistan is considered as the most corrupt
department. Due to continuously rise in corruption, police is considered
incapable to enforce law and order in country. Not only it has affected the law
and order situation in Pakistan, but also badly affected the prosecution of
criminals, the trial of prisoners to appear in court, and created flaws in court
processing. In police department, the leadership has played a very minimal
role. It failed in preventing the department from disease of corruption which
has actually paralyzed the entire society.
Giving recommendations without knowing the root causes of the
problem will not provide the desired solution. The issue must be addressed
rationally and solutions should be based on the root causes of the issues.
a. Political Interference in Police Sector.
Political interference in the government departments is the key
problem which creates instability in functioning of the system. Pakistan
police is one of those departments which have suffered a lot due such
intervention. People with strong political connections have used police for
their personnel and political purposes. Even previous governments have
used police to suppress the political opposition. Ultimately, corruption will
obviously rise in such environment where police is used as a tool to
suppress political figures rather than serving to the people of their country.
In the recruitment process of low rank officers, political influence
played a crucial role which ultimately brings incompetent officers and ruins
the system. Basically, now police force, which should serve to the people
of Pakistan, seems as a political force. Through sifarish system, SHOs
and DPOs are chosen on the demand of MNAs and MPAs. 11 The chain of
command and accountability in Police department has been badly affected
11
Jackson, Jonathan, Muhammad Asif, Ben Bradford, and Muhammad Zakria Zakar.
"Corruption and police legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan." British Journal of Criminology 54, no.
6 (2014): 1067-1088.
9
by the interference of political personalities. How an officer, who is
politically manipulated, can do internal accountability in his department.
Moreover, in the remote areas, the feudal and tribal system frequently
uses police for suppressing and torturing their opponents. 12 In Musharraf’s
era, Police Order 2002 would be very effective if those amendments had
fully implemented. But due to the lack of political will, it was impossible to
fully implement them. Therefore, Political will is required to bring
enhancement in the performance of police department.
b. Lack of Innovation/ Modernization and Corruption.
Common people in Pakistan always try to avoid visiting police stations,
report crimes and share their complaints. It is because of the terrible
reputation of police force. The perception in general public about the
police force is that they are cruel, corrupt and unprofessional. Due to this
perception, justice compromises, insecurity among the people increases
and mistrust between the common people and police force increases. As
a result, an ordinary man suffers and becomes the victim of this brutal
system. The situation of police department is not very different from the
other governmental departments like customs, bureaucrats, federal
secretariats of the country.13 Police officers have been blamed much more
because they are visible to everyone and are more closely related to the
common man’s issue and problems.
Pakistan’s police lacks in modern techniques during investigation.
Police use old techniques and torture a person while investigating any
case as they are trained like this.14 Pakistan also lacks in forensic
capabilities as till 1990’s, there was only one laboratory in the country
which was located in Rawalpindi. Recently, four new laboratories have
been established in each provincial capital but still inadequate to fulfill the
12
Hassan Abbas. "Reforming Pakistan’s police and law enforcement infrastructure." US
Institute of Peace, Washington, DC (2011).
13
Muhammad Usman Amin, Khalid Manzoor Butt, and Muhammad Afzaal Siddiqi. "Politicized
Policing in Pakistan: A Constructivist Study of Problems of Policing in Lahore." The Journal of
Political Science 32 (2014): 3.
14
Ibid.
10
required demands.15 Police training schools are in the miserable condition
due to the lack of funds and resources.16 In the past tenure of PTI
government in KPK, some positive actions have been taken to bring
reforms in police department. International community has supported for
the improvement of KPK Police for instance US supported government in
building more police academies in KPK. 17 France sent experts for
conducting the training in police academies of Pakistan. 18 British also had
given assistance to FIA which is also a constructive action in regards to
police reforms.19
c. Lack of Funds.
Current situation of the country with VIP system has ruined our
environment, as most of our police are busy in guarding and other VIP
duties. Salary and allowances which they receive are hardly met their
needs. Almost half of the police force is involved in corruption due to very
low salaries.20 Another main challenge which police faces is the lack of
proper equipment and infrastructure which they highly need to counter
criminals. Old guns and vehicles cannot boost their motivation and
ultimately become the source of dysfunctional and corrupt police
department.
15
Hassan Abbas. “Policing Pakistan: A Quest for Justice.” Lawyers Without Borders
Newsletter, August 2004.
16
Ibid.
17
Hassan Abbas. “Reforming Pakistan’s Police and Law Enforcement Infrastructure.” United
States Institute of Peace, February 2011.
18
“France Provides Pakistan Advanced Security Equipment.” China View, July 25, 2009.
19
Ibid.
20
Ibid.
11
CHAPTER-4
REFORMS AREAS IN POLICE DEPARTMENT
In Pakistan, there is a dire need to bring reforms in police department.
Reforms in police department will primarily require the improvement in
salaries as well as working condition. The organizational culture,
advancement in technology in police department is highly required to counter
the criminals and terrorists. Police forces must have advanced technical
machines and equipment to get access to the terrorists’ communications,
telephone data analysis and should have advance mobile-tracking system.
There are other areas too, which should be reformed. Police force has
futile command and control system, they have poor public dealing, corruption,
trust deficit, misuse of power, and political interference which is truly an
intimidating task. So, there is a need to depoliticize the police, and Police
Order 2002 should be implemented all over the country. Even with few
amendments according to the need the Police Order 2002 has all specified
areas where police can enhance its performance.
PTI-led government is giving priority to this serious issue and doing
efforts to bring reforms in the police department, especially in Punjab Police.
There is a requirement from police itself to show a strong will towards the
reforms, so that government would not make delays in reforming different
areas of police.
The other miscellaneous areas which need focus includes, education,
facilities, defined duties and responsibilities, police and public relations, better
salaries, reduction of extra duties, psychological counseling, and community
interaction.
12
CHPATER-5
ATTEMPTS TAKEN FOR POLICE REFORMS
After getting independence in 1947, government of Pakistan
established various national commissions to reform police system. For this
purpose, delegations from different countries were invited so that they can
give some recommendations and suggestions to reform police system in the
country.21 But unfortunately, none of these recommendations and suggestions
was implemented because of political interference. Political authorities have
always wanted to have control on police force to suppress their opponents
and to have their influence on the local population. So, for this purpose, they
opposed to include these recommendations into the law.
a. Police Order 2002.
In 1999, under Musharraf’s regime, a focal group was created to
reform the police system in the country.22 The task of that group was to give
recommendations to the government on the restructuring of the police. In
2001, a think tank on police reforms was established by the Government’s
National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB), which was consisted of senior police
administrators. In 2002, after doing many discussions, NRB came up with the
following conclusions.23
i. Firstly, the matters which are related to maintain law and order in
country will be remain under the responsibility of police force. The
police officers are not only responsible for the organization and
internal administration of the force but will also be responsible for
matters which are related to law and order. In this regard, the
Chief Executive abolished the “dual control” system of 1861 and
terminated the office of District Magistrate.
ii. Secondly, NRB concluded that police reforms should be
institutionalized, and new regulations should be formed
21
Gohar Saeed, Waqar Ahmad, Salman Bangash, and Nasar Khan Naz Arab. "The
Emergence of the Rule of Law and Policing in Pakistan, A Historical Overview." Journal of
Law and Society 45, no. 65 (2014).
22
Paul Petzschmann. “Pakistan’s Police between Centralization and Devolution.” Norwegian
Institute of International Affairs, 2010, accessed Oct 5, 2019.
23
Ibid.
13
accordingly for the efficient police operations, professionally
competent police force, and for better internal accountability
mechanism.
iii. Thirdly, to overcome the issue of political involvement, NRB
decided to create a Public Safety Commission System by
adopting the Japanese Public Safety Commission System at
national, provincial and district levels.
iv. Fourthly, they decided to re-define the role, duties and
responsibilities in a way that service functions should get priority
and the act of preventing and detecting the crime would be seen
as social obligation. If this recommendation would have been
adopted and implemented properly, there would be the sense of
cooperation among common people and police force. It would
also enable the police force to work proactively for implementing
rule of law in the country.
v. Fifthly, police force cannot work efficiently and effectively if the
common public does not trust them. The police officers would not
have gain public confidence. To resolve this issue, Police
Ordinance 2002, suggested to establish an independent
institution with the name of Police Complaints Authority, to control
the serious police misconduct and to gain the public confidence. 24
vi. Sixthly, to enhance the methods and quality of investigation and
prosecution and to have a check and balanced system, this
ordinance suggested establishing an independent Prosecution
Service in each province of the country.
vii. Lastly, the ordinance suggested that to become an effective
police force, political and police leadership should understand that
the expectations of the common people should be fulfil and police
should become more responsible to satisfy the needs of public. 25
b. Other Significant Attempts.
24
Salma Malik. "Security Sector Reforms in Pakistan: Challenges, Remedies and Future
Prospects." South Asian Survey 16, no. 2 (2009): 273-289.
25
Mohammad Shoaib Suddle. "Reforming Pakistan Police: An Overview." United Nations
Asia, (2003).
14
Following are the several significant attempts taken place over the
years in reforming the police of Pakistan 26
i. In 1948, the Sindh assembly passes the bill to establish modern
police force. It was to be implemented by the bureaucracy. They
amend the bill with minor changes to be resubmitted. After that
the bill was never went in to the process for the approval which
ultimately unimplemented.
ii. In 1951, a committee suggested some recommendations to
completely change the police system in Karachi, but the
bureaucracy opposed those recommendations and again
recommendations were unimplemented because of the lack of the
political will.
iii. In 1960-62, two commissions observed that the metropolitan
police system can be formulated for Lahore and Karachi, but the
decision makers had rejected this idea and one more time the
issue of police reforms became unaddressed and unresolved.
iv. In 1985, the police committee suggested that the Police Act of
1861 should be amended, and the metropolitan policing system
should be introduced in the major cities of Pakistan. But like the
previous suggestions, this recommendation also remains
unimplemented.
v. In 1989-90, the British delegation visited Pakistan and suggested
some solid recommendations to improve policing system in the
country. Delegation recommended that the whole police system
which is still based on the Police Act of 1861, needs to be
amended entirely and new system should be establish according
to the requirements of a modern country. But it as also ignored by
the authorities.
vi. In 1995, a UN mission visited Pakistan and proposed the
establishment of an independent but publicly accountable police
for the development of stable democratic government in the
Asad Jamal. “Police Organizations in Pakistan.” Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative,
26
May 2010.
15
country. The mission advised to strengthen the law enforcement
institutes and the whole police system should be revised.
vii. In 1996, Japanese police experts visited the country and advised
to focus on building of trustful relationship between police force
and people. They recommended amendments in the four stages.
The first step was to establish an institute which assures the
political non-involvement and democratic control. Second step
was about the clear division of the responsibilities between
federal and provincial governments. Third one focused on the
integrated chain of command. Last step recommended the merit-
based system for appointing and selecting the police officers.
viii. In 1999, a delegation of Colombian police experts visited Pakistan
and suggested the politically neutral, professionally competent
and democratically controlled police system. Like the previous all
suggestions and recommendations, these were also ignored by
the authorities and brought no change in the policy.
From 2010 till now, further changes were suggested, and few were
implemented by the provincial government as under the 17 th and 18th
amendment, provinces are responsible for the framing of their own policing
laws. KPK and now Punjab adopted some portion of the Police Ordinance
2002, while Baluchistan and Sindh decided to remain under the colonial laws
and adopted the Police Act 1861 for running the police department. In 2016,
KPK adopted a new Police law “Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police Ordinance
2016”. For the transparency in the external and internal accountability of the
police, this law gives the power of transfers and postings equivalent to the
level of AIG to the IG police.27
27
Hassan Abbas. “Reforming Pakistan’s Police and Law Enforcement Infrastructure.” United
States Institute of Peace, February 2011.
16
CHAPTER-6
TURKISH MODEL OF POLICE REFORMS
Turkey has dual forces, one is military force and the other one is
civilian police force. Both the forces share power. In urban areas, civilian
police force has authority and military controls the rural areas of the country.
This system is quite complex at cultural, political and administrative level.
However, reforms in Turkish police force seemed positive. The reforms were
taken place in three areas of democratic governance: Professionalization,
Accountability, and Enhancing transparency. 28
a. Professionalization
Through organizing programs and increasing the quality of
training, Turkey has developed professionalism in their police force.
With the support of “twinning” programs, under Police Organizations
in EU, these programs were organized for the police of Turkey. In
these programs, Turkish police worked and get trained by the
professional police organizations. Police force learnt techniques and
practices by professionally competent and efficient police
organizations.
For example, the method of taking the statement had been
changed entirely. Police officers were trained and prepared by the
professional police organizations to take statements properly. Special
emphasized on the utilization of evidences were improved in a
productive way, which were collected during investigation. Moreover,
to enhance the collaboration between the police force, prosecutors and
the lawyers, a special Joint Working Group was established.
28
Gemma Collantes Celador, Eduard Solar i Lecha, Stuart Reigeluth, Volkan Aytar, and
Mehmet Arican, “Fostering an EU Strategy for Security Sector Reform in the Mediterranean:
Learning from Turkish and Palestinian Police Reform Experiences.” Euromesco, Paper no.
66, January 2008, 7–14.
Twinning is a European Union instrument for institutional cooperation between Public
Administrations of EU Member States and of beneficiary or partner countries.
17
This strategy has greatly enhanced the capacity of Turkey
National Police in taking statement efficiently and overall increased the
professionalism in the police force.
b. Accountability and Transparency
Turkey followed a democratic model of ‘civilian oversight’ to
bring transparency and accountability in the police force. Earlier, the
system was disorganized, and the focus was on the bureaucratic
administration. However, reforms brought changes and the law
enforcement system supervised by the Interior Ministry and Public
Administrators. A working framework was established by the
Parliament’s standing committee on Internal Affairs and Planning
Budget Commissions to enhance collaboration with the Ministry of
Interior and the Grand National Assembly.29
Moreover, an independent police complaints commissions were
established by the Turkey to increase public trust on the police force.
Establishing government organizations to increase the internal
supervision measures automatically led media and civilians to increase
the external oversight capacity.
Pakistan can draw lessons from these reforms by Turkey for its own
police force. Firstly, there should be a developing strategy. For this purpose,
Pakistan can use Police Ordinance 2002, for planning the reform program.
The strategy should focus on strengthening the democratic governance of
police force by over sighting at all levels. Secondly an independent police
complaint commission should be established for transparency and
accountability of the police force and to build public confidence on police.
Thirdly, there should be a strategy for updating investigation techniques,
evidence and statement taking process with other several functions of the
police force. Lastly, Pakistan should train its police force as Turkey did by
organizing “twinning” programs with EU Police Organizations.
29
Gemma Collantes Celador, Eduard Solar i Lecha, Stuart Reigeluth, Volkan Aytar, and
Mehmet Arican, “Fostering an EU Strategy for Security Sector Reform in the Mediterranean:
Learning from Turkish and Palestinian Police Reform Experiences.” Euromesco, Paper no.
66, January 2008.
18
CHPATER-7
RECOMMENDATIONS AND WAY FORWARDS
Original Police Act 2002 should implement in the entire police
department of country, as it will make the police force more accountable and
more efficient. All the provinces of Pakistan should adopt one law for the
police. There should be a strong system for accountability for both, low rank
officers as well as high rank officers in the police department. A fair system is
required for the recruitment, transfer and promotions of the officers.
Unfortunately most of the international training facilities are available to
the high-level officers. Such high level training facilities should be given to the
low-level officers so that modern techniques for the investigation should be
adopted by the officers to counter modern criminal techniques and tools.
The most important issue is the political interference in the police.
Independent working and de-politicization of the police department is highly
required. In the history, we have seen that many attempts to reform the
policing system have been made but due to the involvement of political
figures and lack of political will, those attempts became unimplemented. So,
without the will of political authorities, this issue cannot be resolved.
Modernization of the department is highly recommended in the police.
Modern vehicles, weapons and miscellaneous facilities should be provided to
police department for effectiveness of the force and to counter the modern
crimes like cyberspace. In Pakistan, most of the police officers, especially
low-rank officers, are generally unaware of the new technical machines and
equipment which may use for the criminal activities. Similarly, they are not
trained to counter terrorist activities. So, training should be provided
according to the changing circumstances, on the technical basis, so that
police can fight with the criminals and terrorists in an efficient manner.
Low rank officers are usually not much educated persons. Therefore,
there is a need to improve the structure and process of recruitment of junior
officers by enhancing the standards of academic, physical and psychological
test. The working of police academies should be enhanced, and instructors
19
should be highly qualified in their respective fields including modern
investigation techniques, forensic sciences, morality, law and the use of fire
arms. There should be an updated curriculum for the investigating officers at
the police academies and trained them according to the modern and non-
coercive techniques for investigating from the witnesses and suspects.
Some other suggestions which would be required on the urgent basis are
as:-
a. Improve the salaries while giving allowances and benefits to the low
rank officers would be very effective in overall environment of police.
Enhance the living condition of the police officers. There should be
an enhanced and improved pension and insurance system for the
families of police officers who killed or injured while serving to the
country.
b. The police work should be computerized by minimizing the use of
pen. All the police record should keep in computers. Proper training
should be provided to the police officers to use the modern
equipment like computers and modern network systems.
c. There is a dire need to increase number of female police in the
whole department. Female police stations and cells should be
established by giving them authority to register and investigate
cases. For this purpose, improving the training procedure of female
especially at the police academies should be encouraged.
d. The research institutes should be established to bring changes in
the police department according to the changing environment and
system of the country. With this police forces can work according to
the changing environment and will be aware of the new threats.
Research institutes will provide guidance to the senior police officers
in terms of academic recommendation which is absent in police
department.
e. At federal and provincial level, independent human right
commissions should be established. With this the violation of human
rights at the hands of police force can be documented and reported
to the concerned department for further action. This can reduce the
20
illegal use of power of police which is creating terror among the
general public.
f. Make it mandatory that FIRs should be registered in all the cases
and hire a field inspector to keep a check on the proper registration
of FIRs.
g. There is a requirement of assigning the defined duties and reduce
extra duties of police officers. With this police officers will get
relaxation from the over duties.
h. Discipline is missing in police which is also a serious issue in
regards to the inefficiency of police. It should be strictly taken care
that while training officer should get disciplinary training as well.
i. There should be smooth and friendly police and public relations. For
this the attitude of the police officers matters. Usually the police is
harsh with the citizens. For this matter, there is a requirement of
establishing public relation office at every police station. There is a
requirement of the appointment of (PRO) Public Relation Officer of
BSP 17 who will be responsible for the public dealing and concerns
in good manners. With the help of it, the community interaction will
get promote while creating police and public harmony.
21
CHAPTER-8
CONCLUSION
The police force of Pakistan has significant worth in maintenance of
stability inside the country. The situation of law enforcement and police
system in Pakistan is filled with flaws and is inadequate. After got
independence, Pakistan inherited the colonial administrative system for the
institutions. Similarly, police department also adopted the colonial system for
their functioning. However, many attempts were made to reform the policing
system to bring stability in the country but none of them were properly
implemented. No one can deny the fact that to maintain the law and order
situation in the country, an efficient and professional police force is required.
In Pakistan, police department is not independent. There is a great
involvement of political authorities who uses the police force for their personal
objectives.
There is a dire need to make police institution independent without the
political involvement in the transferring and posting of the police officers.
Police institution should work autonomously, so that forces will be able to
implement laws without the discrimination among strong and weak citizens.
The given recommendations and suggestions are indeed very
challenging to adopt but not impossible. There are few things which depend
upon the will of the department that bring efficiency in police. These are the
qualitative aspects of reforms which should be implemented with quick pace.
Rest, the quantitative reforms need time and budget but should always
remain on the top of debates and should bring in.
22
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Celador, Gemma Collantes., Eduard Solar i Lecha, Stuart Reigeluth, Volkan
Aytar, and Mehmet Arican. 2008. “Fostering an EU Strategy for
Security Sector Reform in the Mediterranean: Learning from Turkish
and Palestinian Police Reform Experiences.” Euromesco, Paper no.
66, pp. 7–14.
“France Provides Pakistan Advanced Security Equipment.” China View, July
25, 2009.
Jamal, Asad. 2010. “Police Organizations in Pakistan.” Commonwealth
Human Rights Initiative.
Malik, Salma. 2009."Security Sector Reforms in Pakistan: Challenges,
Remedies and Future Prospects." South Asian Survey 16, no. 2: pp.
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