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Review of Engine Cycles: Lecture #7 - Week3

The document provides an overview of different engine cycles including the Otto, Dual, and Miller cycles. It analyzes the thermodynamic states of each cycle using principles of thermodynamics. For the Otto cycle example, it calculates all state properties including temperatures, pressures, masses, and thermal efficiencies. For the Dual cycle, it outlines the calculations needed to determine the state properties and thermal efficiency. Finally, it provides the parameters for analyzing the Miller cycle and calculating the state temperatures, pressures, and indicated thermal efficiency.

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Isyraf Fitri
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317 views

Review of Engine Cycles: Lecture #7 - Week3

The document provides an overview of different engine cycles including the Otto, Dual, and Miller cycles. It analyzes the thermodynamic states of each cycle using principles of thermodynamics. For the Otto cycle example, it calculates all state properties including temperatures, pressures, masses, and thermal efficiencies. For the Dual cycle, it outlines the calculations needed to determine the state properties and thermal efficiency. Finally, it provides the parameters for analyzing the Miller cycle and calculating the state temperatures, pressures, and indicated thermal efficiency.

Uploaded by

Isyraf Fitri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REVIEW OF ENGINE CYCLES

Lecture #7 – week3

Lesson Outcome:

To analyze states of gas cycles using thermodynamics


principles
OTTO CYCLE

A four-cylinder, 2.5-liter, SI automobile engine


operates at WOT on a four-stroke air- standard Otto
cycle at 3000 RPM. The engine has a compression ratio
of 8.6:1, a mechanical efficiency of 86%, and a stroke-
to-bore ratio S/B = 1.025. Fuel is isooctane with AFR =
15, a heating value of 44,300 kJ/kg, and combustion
efficiency 100%. At the start of the compression
stroke, conditions in the cylinder combustion chamber
are 100 kPa and 60°C.

Do a complete thermodynamic analysis of this engine.


Intro/2
OTTO CYCLE

Intro/3
For one cylinder: 2.5
Displacement volume: 0.625 0.000625
4
0.000625
8.6

0.0000822

1.025 0.000625
4 4

0.0919 1.025 0.0942

Intro/4
State 1:
60 333 ; 100

0.000625 0.0000822 0.000707

100 0.000707
0.000740
0.287 . 333
State 2:
100 8.6 . 1826

333 8.6 . 707 434

Intro/5
15
0.000740 0.000694
16
1
0.000740 0.00004625
16

State 3:

0.00004625 44,300 1
0.000740 0.821 · 707

3915 3642
3915
1826 10,111
707
State 4:
1/ 3915 1/8.6 . 1844 1571
1/ 10,111 1/8.6 . 554

1
0.00074 0.287 1844 3915
·
1.257Intro/7
1 1.35
1
0.00074 0.287 707 333
·
0.227
1 1.35

1.257 0.227 1.030

0.00004625 44,300 1
2.05
333
1.03 1 1
50% 707
2.05
≅ 50% Intro/8
DUAL CYCLE

A small truck has a four-cylinder, 4-liter CI engine that operates


on the air-standard Dual cycle using light diesel fuel at an air-
fuel ratio of 18. The compression ratio of the engine is 16:l and
the cylinder bore diameter is 10.0 cm. At the start of the
compression stroke, conditions in the cylinders are 60°C and
100 kPa with a 2% exhaust residual. It can be assumed that half
of the heat input from combustion is added at constant volume
and half at constant pressure.
Calculate:
1. The temperature and pressure at each state of the cycle
2. The indicated thermal efficiency
Intro/9
Intro/10
For one cylinder:

Vd = (4 L)/4 = 1 L = 0.001 m3
0.001m3
8.6

0.0000667 m3

Intro/11
Mass of gas in one cylinder at start of compression:

Mass of fuel injected per cylinder per cycle:

Intro/12
Note: ‘0.98’ because 2% is exhaust gas
State 2:

(You do not need to calculate this)


State x:

Note: QHV can be found n a table


If half of Qin occurs at constant volume:
Or

State 3:

Intro/14
State 4:

Intro/15
Intro/17

Intro/17
MILLER CYCLE

The four-cylinder, 2.5-liter SI automobile engine of the previous


OTTO cycle is converted to operate on an air-standard Miller
cycle with early valve closing (cycle 6-7-1-7-2-3-4-5-6 in
Fig. 3-15). It has a compression ratio of 8:1 and an expansion
ratio of 10:1. A supercharger is added that gives a cylinder
pressure of 160 KPa when the intake valve closes, as shown in
Fig. 3-15. The temperature is again 60°C at this point. The same
fuel and AFR are used with combustion efficiency of100%.
Assume an exhaust residual of 4%.
Calculate:
1. temperature and pressure at all points in the cycle
2. indicated thermal efficiency Intro/18
Intro/19
Intro/20
Intro/21
(Ideal gas law)

(Given n OTTO cycle problem)

Intro/22
Note: Supercharger is added when intake valve closes

Intro/23
Thank You

Intro/24

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