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Tense Theory

The document provides information on English verb tenses: - It outlines the forms, uses, and time expressions for the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, past simple, past continuous, past perfect, future simple, future continuous, future perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses. - The tenses are used to express actions and situations in the present, past, and future, including habitual actions, ongoing actions, completed actions, and actions that have been completed before another point in time.

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47 views

Tense Theory

The document provides information on English verb tenses: - It outlines the forms, uses, and time expressions for the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, past simple, past continuous, past perfect, future simple, future continuous, future perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses. - The tenses are used to express actions and situations in the present, past, and future, including habitual actions, ongoing actions, completed actions, and actions that have been completed before another point in time.

Uploaded by

marin_m_o3084
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENT SIMPLE

AFFIRMATIVE S+ V (inf.)-I, you, we, they

S+V –s/-es: he, she ,it

NEGATIVE S+do (I, you, we, they)/does (he, she, it)+not+V(inf.)

INTEROGATIVE Do/Does+ S+ V(inf.)?

USES:

1. O acţiune obişnuită care se repetă cu regularitate


e.g. I got to school every day.
2. Un adevăr general valabil:
e.g. Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.
3. O situaţie permanentă
e.g. She is a teacher.
4. O acţiune viitoare ca parte a unui program(mijloace de transport în comun, program la cinema, TV,
itinerariul unei călătorii, etc.)
e.g. Te train leaves at 5,30.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

EVERY DAY/HOUR/WEEK/YEAR

ALWAYS,USUALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES, SELDOM, RARELY, EVER, NEVER,


FREQUENTLY,NORMALLY,

ONCE A DAY,TWICE A YEAR, THREE TIMES A MONTH, etc.

ON SUNDAYS, ON MONDAYS, etc.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Aff. S+ am, are, is + V-ing

Neg. S + am,are,is +not +V-ing.

Int. Am,are,is + S+ V-ing.?

USES:

1. O acţiune în desfăşurare în momentul vorbirii


e.g. I am reading a book now.
2. O acţiune temporară:
e.g. I usually go to work by bus but this week I am going by train
3. O situaţie în schimbare (cu vb. GET, BECOME, TURN, CHANGE ,GROW,etc.)
e.g. It is getting dark.
4. Cu expresii de genul: hotter and hotter, colder and colder
e.g . It is getting hotter and hotter every day.
5. Cu adverbul always pentru a exprima iritare.
e.g. You are always leaving zour dirty coffee mug on my desk.
6. O acţiune viitoare ca parte a unui aranjament fix.
e.g. I am seeing John tomorrow.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

NOW, AT THE MOMENT, AT PRESENT, CURRENTLY, TODAY, THIS


WEEK/MONTH/YEAR,THESE DAYS, NOWADAYS etc.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Aff. S+ have/has+ V-ed/forma a III a

Neg. S+ have/has+ not+ V –ed/III

Int. Have/has + S +V-ed/III?

USES:

1. O acţiune trecută al cărei moment nu este specificat


e.g. I have broken my leg.
2. O acţiune trecută cu consecinţe sau rezultate în prezent
e.g. Why are you limping? – I have broken my leg.
3. O acţiune care a început în trecut şi se continuă şi în prezent.
e.g. I have lived in this house for ten years.
4. O acţiune care tocmai s-a încheiat.
e.g. I have just left the house.
5. O experienţă personală.
e.g. She has lost 5 kilos.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

ALREADY, YET, ALWAYS, EVER, NEVER, AFTER, BEFORE, FOR, SINCE, SO FAR, UNTIL NOW,
JUST, IT’S THE FIRST TIME, IT’S THE ONLY, IT’S THE BEST, RECENTLY,LATELY,HOW
LONG,RECENTLY, LATELY,etc.
PAST SIMPLE

FORM

Aff. S+ V-ed/the IInd form

Neg. S+ did+ not+ V(inf.)

Int. Did+S+V(inf.)?

USES:

 acţiune care a început şi s-a terminat în trecut;


e.g. He left the houe an hour ago.
 un obicei in trecut;
e.g. When I was young, I went to the seaside every year.
 o succesiune de venimente scurte într-o naraţiune;
e.g. She enterred the room, turned on the TV and sat on the sofa.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

YESTERDAY, TWO HOURS AGO, FIVE WEEKS AGO, LAST MONTH, LAST YEAR, WHEN, THEN,
IN 1980, HOW LONG AGO.

PAST CONTINUOUS

FORMS

Aff. S+was/were+ V-ing

Neg. S+was/were+not+V-ing

Int. Was/Were+S+V-ing?

USES

 o acţiune în curs de desfăşurare într-un moment din trecut;


e.g. I was sleeping yesterday at five.
 o acţiune în desfăşurare în trecut întreruptă de o altă acţiune scurtă;
e.g. I was having a shower when the phone rang.
 două sau mai multe acţiuni simultane din trecut;
e.g She was cooking while I was reading.
 fundalul într-o naraţiune;
e.g. The sun was shining, the birds were singing,……

TIME EXPRESSIONS

WHILE, AS, WHEN


PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

FORMS

Aff. S+HAD+V-ed/IIIrd form

Neg. S+ had+ not+V-ed/IIIrd form

Int. Had+S+V-ed/IIIrd form

USES

 o acţiune trecută care a avut loc înaintea unei alte acţiuni trecute;
e.g. When I arrived, the train had already left.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Toate expresiile de la Present perfect. (after, before, for, since, etc.)

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORMS

Aff. S+ had+been +V-ing

Neg. S+had+not+been +V-ing

Int. Had+S+been+V-ing?

USES

 o acţiune trecută care a durat ceva timp şi a avut loc înaintea unei alte acţiuni trecute.
e.g. When I arrived ,they had been waiting for five hours.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Toate cele de la present perfect.


FUTURE SIMPLE(WILL)

FORMS

Aff. S+will +V(inf.)

Neg. S+ will +not+ V(inf.)

Int. Will+ S+ V(inf.) ?

USES

 O previziune bazată pe ceea ce ştiu, cred sau îmi imaginez(cu vb. THINK, IMAGINE, HOPE,
BELIEVE, etc. sau cu adv. PERHAPS, PROBABLY, CERTAINY.)
e.g. I think it will rain tomorrow.
 O hotărâre luată în momentul vorbirii(la cmpărături, la restaurant, etc.)
e.g.I will take the red shoes.
 O promisiune
e.g. I will help you with this exercise.
 Un avertisment
e.g. If you keep bothering the dog, it will bite you.
 O ameninţare:
e.g.I will take care of you!
 O cerere:
e.g. Will you carry that bag for me, please?
 O ofertă:
e.g. Shall I open the window?

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

NEXT WEEK, THE FOLLOWING YEAR, TOMORROW,IN TWO DAYS, TONIGHT, THE DAY
AFTER TOMORROW, SOON, IN A WEEK/MONTH,etc.

FUTURE SIMPLE( BE GOING TO)

FORMS

Aff. S+ am,are ,is+V-ing.

Neg. S+am,are,is +not+V-ing

Int. Are, are,is+S+V-ing ?

USES

 O previziune bazată pe o dovadă evidentă.


e.g. Look at those clouds! It is going to rain.
 O intenţie(plan) pentru viitor.
e.g. I am going to study French next year.
TIME EXPRESSIONS

Aceleaşi de la Future cu Will.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

FORMS

Aff. S+ will+ be+V-ing

Neg. S+will+not+be+V-ing

Int. Will+S+be+V-ing?

USES

 O acţiune în curs de desfăşurare într-un moment din viitor.


e.g. This time next week I will be lying on the beach.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Cele de la future simple cu Will

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

FORMS

Aff. S+will+have+ V(-ed/IIIrd form)

Neg. S+will+not+have+V(-ed/III)

Int. Will+S+have+V(-ed/III)

USES

 O acţiune care va fi avut loc înaintea unui moment din viitor.


e.g. By the time we get to the cinema , the film will have started.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

BY THE TIME, BY,BEFORE, BY THEN,UNTIL.

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