This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.

com

FIRST SEMISTER - 3 YEARS LL.B. FIFTH SEMISTER - 5 YEARS LL.B.

1. Law of Contracts I
2. Law of Contracts II
3. Torts & Consumer Protection Act
4. Constitutional Law
5. Legal Language & Legal Writing

Paper-I: CONTRACTS-I
General principles of law of contract:
Unit 1: History and nature of contractual obligations-writs of Debt, Covenant and account-actions on
the case and on assumptionist consideration-moral basis for contractual obligations subjective and
objective theories sanctity of contracts.
Unit 2. Agreement and contract definitions, elements and different kinds.
Unit3: Proposal and Acceptance: Their various forms -Essential elements, communication and
revocation-proposal and invitations for proposal-floating offers-tenders-dumping of goods.
Unit 4Consideration:
Nudum pactum-its need, meaning, kinds, essential elements- privity of
Contact and considerations-its exception adequacy of consideration-present, past and adequate
consideration, unlawful consideration and its effects-views of law commission of India on
consideration-evaluation of the doctrine of consideration.
Unit 5: Capacity to contract:
Meaning-incapacity arising out of status and mental defect-minor's agreements-definition of "minor"-
accessories supplied to a minor-agreements beneficial and detrimental to a minor affirmation-
ratification in cases by a person of an agreement made by him while he was a minor-agreements
and estoppels-evaluation of the law relating to minors agreements-other illustrations of incapacity
to contract.
Unit 6: Free consent; Its need and dentition-factors vitiating free consent
6.1 Coercion-definition-factors elements-duress and coercion-various illustrations of coercion-
doctrine of economic duress-effect of coercion-evaluation of sec. 15.
6.2 Undue influence-definition-essential elements-between which influence-independent advice-
paradarhanash in women-unconscionable bargains effect of undue influence.
6.3 Misrepresentation-definition-misrepresentation of law and of fact-their effects and
illustrations.
6.4 Fraud-definition-essential elements-suggestion-false suppressio veri-when does silence
amounts to fraud? Active concealment of truth-importance of intention.
6.5 Mistake-definition-kinds-fundamental error-mistake of law and of fact-their effects-when does
a mistake vitiate free consent and when does it not vitiate from consent?.
Unit 7: Legaliry of Objects
7.1 Void agreements-;awful and unlawful consideration and objects void. Voidable. Illegal and
unlawful agreements and their effects.
7.2 Unlawful considerations and objects
7.2. 1 Forbidden by law
7.2.2 Defeating the provision of any law
7.2.3 Fraudulent
7.2.4 Injurious to person or property
7.2.5 Immoral
7.2.6 Against public policy
7.3 Agreements without consideration
7.3.1 Agreements without consideration
7.3.2 Agreements in restraint of marriage
7.3.3 Agreements in restraint of trade-its exceptions-sale of good will, sec.11 restrictions, under the
partnership act, trade combinations exclusive dealing agreements, restraints on employees under
agreements of service,
7.3.4 Agreements in restraint of Legal proceedings-its exceptions
7.3.5 Uncertain agreements
7.3.6 Wagering agreements-its exceptions
Unit 8: discharge of a contract and its various moods:
8,1 By performance-conditions of valid tender of performance-how? By whom? Where? When- in
what manner? Performance of reciprocal promises-time essence of contract.
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com

8.2 By breach-anticipatory breach and present breach. Impossibility of performance-specific

grounds of frustration-application to leases-theories of frustration-effect of frustration-frustration and
restitution.
8.4 By period of limitation.
8.5 By agreement recession and alteration-their effect-remission and waiver of performance
extension of time-accord and satisfaction.
Unit 9: Quasi contracts or certain relations resembling those created by contract.
Unit l0; Remedies in contractual relations,
10.1 Damages-kinds-remoteness of damages ascertainment of damages.
10.2 Injunclion-when granted and when reftised-why?
10.3 Refund and restitution
10.4 Specific performance-why? When?
Unit 11 Government as a contracting party
11.1 Constitutional provisions-governments power to contract-procedural requirements-kinds of
government contracts-their usual clauses performance of such contracts-settlement of disputes and
remedies.
unit 12: Standard form contracts:
Nature, advantages, unilateral character, principles of protection against the possibility of
exploitation-judicial approach to such contracts-exemption clauses-dash between two standard form
contracts-Law Commission of India's views Unfair Contract terms Act 1977 and Supply of Goods
(implied Terms) Act, 1973 (Both English Standard Form Contracts and consumer Protection.).
Unit 13: Specific Relief Act 1969:
13.1 Definition
13 .2 Recovering possession of property
13 .3 Specific performance of contracts
13.4 Rectification of instruments
13.5 Recession of contracts
13.6 Cancellation of instruments
13.7 Declaratory decrees
13.8 Preventive relief

Paper-II: SPECIAL CONTRACTS-il

Unit 1; indemnity and guarantee:
1.1 Indemnity and Guarantee (Sec. 134, I27)lndian Contract Act 1872
1.2 Contract of indemnity (A) Definition (B) Rights of indemnity holder (C) Liability of indemnifier.
13 Contract of guarantee
ar Definition
b. Essential characterisrics of contract of guarantee
c. Distinction between contract of indemnity and contract of guarantee
d. Kinds of guarantee
e. Rights and liabilities of surety
f. Discharge of surety
g Contract of Bailment and (sec. 148-181 of lndian contract Act 1872).
Unit 2: Bailmcnt
2.1 Definition
2.2 Essential requisites of Bailment
23 Kinds of Bailment
2.4 Rights and Duties of Bailor and Bailee
2.5 Terminations of Bailment
2.6 Pledge
a) Definition
b) Rights and Duties of Pawnor and Pawnee
c) Pledge by Non Owners.
Unit 3: Contract of Agency (Sec. lS2-233of the Indian contract Act 1872)
3.1 Definition of Agent
3.2 Creation of Agency
3.3 Rights and Duties of Agent
3.4 Delegation of authority
3.5 Personal liability of agent
3.6 Relations of Principal with third parties
3.7 Termination of Agency.
Unit 4: contract of sale of goods (The Indian sale of goods Act 1930).
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com

4.1 Formation of Contract

4.2 Subject matter of Contract of Sale
4.3 Conditions and Warrantees
4.4 Express and Implied conditions and Warranties
4.5 Caveat Emptor
4.6 Properly, Possession and Risk
4.7 Passing of Property
4.8 Sale of non-owners
4.9 Delivery of goods
4.10 Rights and Duties of seller and buyer before and after sale.
4.11 Rights of unpaid seller.
Unit 5: Contracts of partnership (the Indian partnership Act 1932),
5.1 Definition and nature of partnership
5.2 Formation of Partnership
5.3 Test of Partnership
5.4 Partnership and other Associations
5.5 Registration of Firms
5.6 Effect of non-registration
5.7 Relation of Partners
5.8 Rights and Duties ^Partners
5.0 Properties of the Firm
5.10 Relation of Partners to third parties
5.11 Implied authority of a partner
5.12 Kinds of Partners
5.13 Minor as Partners
5.14 Reconstitution of a Firm
5. 15 Dissolution of firm.
Unit 6: Negotiable instruments Act 1881.

Paper-Ill; LAW OF TORTS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS

Unit 1; evolution of law of torts: I.I Its development by courts in England-1.2 Forms of Action.
1.3 Emergence of specific remedies from case to case.
1.4 Reception of Law of Torts in India.
1.5 Principles of Equity Justice and good conscience
16 Uncodificd character-advantages and disadvantages.
Unit 2: definition, nature, scope and objects:
2.1 A wrongful act-violation of a duty (in/rem) imposed by Law, duty which is owed to people
generally, legal damages-damnum sine injuria and injuria sine damno.
2.2 Tort distinguished from crime- Breach of contract etc,,
2.3 The concept of unliquidated damages.
2.4 Changing scope of Law of torts: Expanding character duties owed to people generally due to
complexities of modern society scientific and technological progress, industrialization organization,
specialization, occupational hazards.
2.5 Objects-Prescribing standards of human conduct, redressal of wrongs by payment of
compensation, prescribing unlawful conduct by injections.
Unit 3: principles of liability in torts:
3.1 fault
3.1.2 Wrongful intent
3.1.3 Negligence
3.2 Liability without fault
3.3 Violation of Ethical codes
3.4 Statutory liability
3.4.1 Fatal Accidents Act
3.4.2 Railway Act
34.3 Workmen's compensation Act
3.4.4 Motor vehicles Act.
3.4.5 Carrier Acts
3.4.6 Insurance Laws
3.5 Place of motive in Torts.
Unit 4: Justification in tort:
4.1 Volenti non fit injuria-What is free consent?
Informed consent, mere knowledge and knowledge coupled with assumption of risk.
4.2 Necessity, Private and Public.
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com

4.3 Plaintiffs default

44 Act of good and Inevitable Accident
4.5 Private defense
4.6 Statutory Authorization
4.7 Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Acts
4.8 Parental and Quasi Parental Authority
Unit 5: extinguishments of liability in certain situations:
5.1 Death. Actio peisonalis moritum cumpersona- Exceptions-Law reform (Miscellaneous
Provisions) Act, 1934.
5.2 Waiver and Acquiescence
5.3 Release
5.4 Accord and satisfaction
5.5 Limitation
Unit 6: standing:
6.1 Who may sue in torts
6.1.1 Aggrieved individuals
6.1.2 Class action 0 1 R 8
6.1.3 Social Action Groups
6.1.4 Statutes granting standing to certain persons or groups
6.2 Who may not be sued
6.2.1 Ambassadors
6.2.2 Lunatics
6.23 Infants
Unit 7: doctrine of sovereign immunity and its relevance in India.
7.1 Liability of state-sovereign and non-sovereign functions, crown Proceedings Act of U,K,r
Federal Tort Claims Act of U,S,A. Constitution of India (Arts 294 and 300).
7.2 Act of state.
Unit 8: vicarious liability:
8. 1 Busia, Scope and Justification
8.1.1 Express Authorization
8.,1.2 Ratification
8.1.3 Abetment
8.2 Special Relationships
8.2.1 Master and servant-arising out of and in the course of employment who is master? Control
test who is servant Borrowed servant Independent contractor.
8.2.2 Principal and Agent
8.2.3 Corporation and Principal Officer
Unit 9: Torts against persons and personal relations:
9.1 Assault, Battery, Mayhem
9.2 False Imprisonment
9.3 Defamation-Libel, slander including law relating to privileges
9.4 Marital Relations, Domestic Relations, Parental Relations, Master and Servant Relations.
9.5 Malicious prosecution
9.6 Shortened Expectation of life.
9.7 Nervous shock.
9.8 Defences.
unit 10: wrongs affecting property:
10.1 Trespass lo land, Trespass ab initio, dispossession
10.2 Movable property-Trespass to goods, Detinue, Conversion
10.3 Torts against Business interests-Injurious Falsehood, Misstatements passing off.
10.4 Defences.
Unit 11: absolute/strict liability:
11.1 Basic concepts
11.1.1 Theories of Negligence
11.1.2 Standards of care. Duty to take care, carelessness inadvertence
11.1.3 Doctrine of ccmlributive Negligence.
11.1.4 Rcsipsa liquitor and its due to Negligence with special reference lo consumer protection law,
11.2 Professional liability due lo Neghgcnec with special reference to consumer protection law.
Unit 12: absolute/strict liability
12.1 The rule in Ryland Vs Fletcher Principle for application of these rules.
12.1.1 Storing of dangerous things
12.1.2 Escape of dangerous things-application of
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com

Principles in concrete cases of damage arising out of industrial activity. (The Bhopal Disaster,
Delem, Gas Escape. Machua Dam Burst. M.C. Mehta sace, Nuclear Installations and their haxards).
12.2 Defences
12 3 Liability under Motor Vehicle Act, Railway Act etc.
Unit 13: Nuisance
13. 1 Definition. Essentials. Types
13.2 Acts which constitute nuisance-obstructions of highways, pollution of air. water, noise,
interference with light and air.
Unit 14: Legal Remedies:
14.1.1 Legal remedies
14.1.2 Award of dam ages-simple, special, punitive
14.1.3 Remoteness of damages-forcseability and directness tests
14.1.4 Injunction
14.1.5 Specific restitution of property
14.1.6 Extra-legal remedies-self help, re-entry inland, recapture of goods, distress damage feasant
abetment to nuisance
Unit 15: Judicial process in Tort
15.1 Dilatoriness
15.2 Complicated rules of procedures and evidence
15.3 Experts in trial process, reports of testing labs
15.4 Court fees, problems of access
Unit 16: Common Law and the Consumer:
16.1 duty to take care and liability for negligence: Manufacturers and traders and providers of
services such as lawyers, doctors and other professionals
16.2 Caveat emptor and Caveat Venditor
16.3 Deceit and false advertisement
16.4 Liability for hazardous and inherently dangerous industrial activity.
16.5 Product liability-EEC directives
16.6 Right to common property resources-right to pass and repass on pathways
Unit 17: Consumer Protection Act, 1986

Paper-lV CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Unit 1; historical perspective:
1.1 Constitutional Development since 1868 to 1947 Morle Mi mo Reform Dyarchy-Monlague-
Chelmsford Reforms. Indian National Congress 1885-Various trends of opinion-social Reform Vs.
Political Independence. Protest against British Repression. Jalianwala Baag. Rowlett Act-Sedition
Trials of Tilak.
1.2 Making of India's Constitution-Concept of constitution and Constitutionalism-Salient
features-Constitution Assembly-Sovereignty.
1.3 Preamble-status and its goals.
Unit 2: parliamentary government:
2.1 West minister Model-Indian experience before Independence-Choice of Parliamentary
Government.
2.2 President of India-Election, Qualifications, Impeachment salary
2.3 Council of Ministers-President's constitutional position.
2.4 Governor and State Government-Constitutional Relationship
2.5 Legislative Process-Privileges, freedom of speech. Practice of law making etc.,
2.6 Legislative Privileges Vs Fundamental Rights. In re. Art. 143 of the Constitution of India,
2.7 Prime Minister-Cabinet System-Collective responsibility Individual responsibility. President-
Prime minister relation ship.
2.8 Party system-Ami -defection law. Freedom of an A,P./ML.A to dissent.
Unit 3: federalism:
3.1 Federalism-Principles-Comparative study of other Federations. Why India has a Federal
Government.
3.2 Indian Federalism-President of India-Council of state-Process of constitutional
Amendment. Identification of Federal features.
3.3 Legislative relations between the Centre and the State
3.4 Administrative Relations-Centre States.
3.5 Financial Relations-centre-states
3.6 Governor's position from the Perspective of Federalism.
3.7 Center’s Powers-over the States-Art. 356.
3.8 I&K-Special status.
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com

3.9 Critical problems of Indian Federalism. Sarkaria Commission-Greater Autonomy vs. Central
Control. One party domination. Emergence of Political Federalism. Growth of Regional
Parties.
Unit 4: constitutional process of adaptation and alteration:
4.1 Methods of Constitutional Amendments-Written-Unwritten, Rigid-flexible Constitutions.
Provisions which can be amended by ordinary procedure-Special procedure. Review of
Constitutional Amendments.
4.2 Limitations upon Constitutional amendments Shankari Prasa4, Sajjari Singh.
43 Golaknath Vs Punjab-Why should federal Rights be immune from the process of
Constitutional Amendment.
4.4 Basic structure doctrine as a limitalicm-Kesavanand Bharathi.
4.5 Development of the Basic Structure Doctrine-Constituent Power of the Supreme Court.
Vaman Rao Vs Minerva Mills.
4.6 Indira Gandhi Vs Raj Narain; Judicial Consensus on
Basic Structure Doctrine
-4.7 Legislative and Judicial Attempts to bury the Basic Structure Doctrine; Legitimation of the
Basic
Structure Doctrine. Special Bench to Reconsider the Basic Structure Issue. Forty-second
Constitutional Amendment. Forty-fourth Constitutional Amendment.
4.8 Minerva Mills and subsequent developments of the Basic Structure Doctrine- Responsibility
of the
Court; Activism Vs Restraint
Unit 5: secularism:
5.1 Concept of Secularism-Indian Constitutional Provisions Historical perspective of
Indian
Secularism.
5.2 Religion and State-in India-state control and non interference with Religion. Concept of
Secularism; American Model-Separation of State-Church-Is it relevant to India Tradition in India-
Equal respect for all Minority-
5.3 Minority Rights Why? Scope-Meaning of Minority.
5.4 Minority Rights 1o Educational Institutions,
Unit 6; equality and social justice:
6.1 Equality before the law and equal protection of laws-meaning constitutional Provisions-Total
Conspectus-Art. 14,15, 17, 29(2), 325.
6.2 Classification for Differential Treatment.
6.3 Gender Justice. Art. Nos. 15(1), (2), (3), 16,29(2).
6.4 Administrative discretion and Equality.
6.5 Compensatory Discrimination for Backward Classcs/SC & ST.
Unit 7:freedoms and social control:
7.1 Freedom of Speech and Expression,
7.2 Freedom of the Press.
7.3 Freedom of Speech and Contempt of Court.
7.4 Freedom of Assembly.
7.5 Freedom of Association
-7.6 Freedom of Movement-
7.7 Freedom of Reside and Settle.
7.8 Freedom of Profession/Business, etc.,
7.9 Property and Social Control 1950 to 1978. 7,10 Property and Social Control-After 1978.
Unit 8: personal liberty:
8.1 Rights of an accused-Double jeopardy
8.2 Rights against self incrimination
8.3 Rights against Retroactive Punishment
8.4 Rights to life and Personal Liberty-Meaning of Art. 21 Gopalan case.
8.5 "Personal Liberty"-meaning of -Maneka Gandhi, Sunil Batra, etc..
8.6 procedure established by law-Gopalan, Kharak Singh.
8.7 Procedure established by law-Due process-Maneka Gandhi & after
8.8 Preventive Detention-Constitutional Policy Art. 22
8.9 Preventive Detention-Safeguards under the constitution.
Unit 9: fundamental rights and directive principles'
9.1 Directive Principles-Reasons for in corporation.
9.2 Directive Principles-Directions of social change-A new social order.
9.3 Fundamental Rights and directive Principles-Inter relationship-Judicial balancing.
This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com

94 Constitutional Amendments-Arts. 31-A, 31-B and 3 l-C to strengthen Directive Principles.

9.5 Judicial Policy towards directive Principles from Champakam to Minerva Mills.
96 What is "State”? Art. 12
9.7 Naresh Vs. Maharashtra-Is Judiciary "State".
Unit 10: emergency:
10.2 Emergency-need lor such a provision. Types of Emergencies, Experience in other
democracies
10.3 Proclamation of emergency-conditions-Art, 352-ElTect of Emergency on Centre-State
Relations.
10.4 Emergency and suspension of Fundamental Rights Arts, 358, 359- Makhan Singh Tarasikha to
A.D.M. Jabalpore.
10.5 Financial emergency.
Unit 11: judicial process under the constitution.
11.1 Judicial Review-Art. 32, 226, 227,
11.2 Naturcof Judicial Review.
11.3 Court system in India: Backlogs, Arrears, Alternatives, Lok AdaJats, etc.,
11.4 Judges, Appointments, Conditions of service etc.,
11.5 Subordinate Judiciary.
11.6 Jurisdiction of Supreme Court and High court.
11.7 Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
11.8 Public interest Litigation.
Unit 12: services under the constitution.
12.1 Doctrine of Pleasure (Art. 310)
12.2 Protection against Arbitrary Dismissal, Removal or Reduction in Rank (An. 311).
12.3 Tulsirani Patel-Exceptions to Art. 311,

Paper-V: LEGAL LANGUAGE AND LEGAL WRITING

Part-A
Unit l: fundamental principles of legal writing:
1.1 Conscision-clarity, cogency
1.2 Simplicity of structure.
1.3 Attention and awareness of practical, legal import of sentences,
1.4 Communicative skills.
Unit 2; generally used legal terms and explanations in Telugu/English
Part-B
unit 3: The student shall he explained about reading for understanding the contents and
organization of the text, reading for details and language stud? Vocabulary, identification of
source of law and cast law. Use of legal dictionaries. For the about purpose a passage from a
referred law book, journal or judicial decision may be given from the passage "['he student may be
asked to-
Identify "legal terms";
ii) Explain those terms;
iii) Use equivalent other terms;
iv) Identify case law;
v) Analyze the point of law involved
vi) Precise
vii) Answer the questioned put based on that passage.
Part-C
Unit 4: constitution: salient features of Indian constitution
Unit 5: contracts: Essentials of valid contract-Indemnity] Guarantee, bailment. Pledge,
Partnership Negotiable instruments. Hindu marriage ground of divorce.
Unit 6: transfer of property: Classification of movable ant immovable properties, essentials of gift,
lease] mortgage, sale of agreement to sell, will,
Unit 7: Evidence: Definition of Evidence-Fact. Fact it issue. Relevance of facts.
Unit 8: crimes: Essentials of Crime-Various categories of crimes,
Unit 9: torts: Definition of Torts-Various categories o| Torts.
Unit 10: criminal procedure Code; Cognizable, non-cognizable offences arrest, warrant, bail, FIR-
Hierarchy of Courts.
Unit 11: civil procedure code: Meaning of Order, Rule, Decree Judgment-Hierarchy of Courts.
Part-D Snit 12: Translation of legal forms-English to Telugu or
Writing of Legal terms in English. (Unit 13: pleadings and convincing in Telugu/English
Plaint,. Written Statement, Sale and Agreement to sell. Gift Lease, Mortgage, Will.
Note: Those whose mother tongue is not Telugu they may be permitted to write in English