MUTUALLY COUPLED BRANCHES IN [ Y ] bus
Refer article 2.2-PP.
Example of two mutually coupled coils is a Transformer.
Here direction of current i 1 and i 2 are chosen as toward the dot terminals of both coils. This convention
will lead to positive coefficients in voltage equation.
As the flux linkages are given by
λ 11=N 1 ϕ11
λ 11=L11 i 1
Where λ 11=¿ flux linkages of coil-1 due to current i 1
The mutual flux linkages of coil
-2 due to current i 1is,
λ 21=N 2 ϕ 21= L21 i1
Similarly the mutual flux linkages of coil-2 due to current i 2 and mutual flux linkages of coil-1 due to
currenti 2 are
λ 22=L2 i 2
λ 12=L12 i2
Hence the total flux linkages of coil-1 and 2 are given by
λ 1=λ11 + λ12=L11 i1 + L12 i 2
λ 2=λ22 + λ21=L21 i 1 + L22 i 2
The voltage drops across each coil are (considering flux linkage are also varying with time)
d λ1 d i1 d i2
v1 =r 1 i 1 + =r 1 i 1+ L11 + L12
dx dt dt
d λ2
v 2=r 2 i 2 +
dx
d i1 d i2
¿ r 2 i2 + L21 + L22
dt dt
In phasor form, if the voltage drop due to varying flux linkage is accounted for and inductive voltage
drop (which is +90 w.r.t resistance voltage drop)
v1 =( r 1 + jω L11 ) I 1 +( jω L12 )I 2
v 2=( jω L21) I 1 + ( r 2+ jω L22 ) I 2
Let,
( r 1 + jω L11 ) =Z 11 ; ( jω L21)=Z 21
( jω L12)=Z 12 ; ( r 2 + jω L22 )=Z 22
Then in matrix form:
V1 Z Z 12 I 1
[ ][V2
= 11
][ ]
Z 21 Z 22 I 2
The admittance matrix is calculated by the inverse of coefficient matrix of the above equation.
−1
Y 11 Y 12 Z Z 12 1 Z 22 −Z 12
[ Y 21 Y 22][
= 11
Z 21 Z 22 ] = 2 [
( Z 11 Z 22−Z12 ) −Z 21 Z 11 ]
The primitive impedence matrix of mutually coupled coils can be written as:
Za Z M
[ Z M Zb ] Z M = Mutual impedence b/w coil 1 and 2 = Z12=Z 21
MUTUALLY COUPLED BRANCHES:-
Development of Y bus having mutually coupled branches with the help of Building- Block approach.
Let there are two branch impedances Za (connected b/w node ‘m’ and ‘n’) and Zb( connected between
node ‘p’ and ‘q’ ) and they are mutually coupled by mutual impedance Zm as shown below:
Here ℑ ,∈, Ip and Iq are all injected currents into buses m,n,p and q respectively.
The voltage equation can be written as:
Va Z ZM I a
[ ][Vb
= a
ZM ][ ]
Zb I b
The primitive admittance matrix is given by:
−1
Ya YM Z ZM 1 Z b −Z M
[ YM ][
Yb
= a
ZM Zb ] = 2 [
( Z a Zb −Z M ) −Z M Z a ]
Ya YM Va I
[ YM ][ ] [ ]
Yb Vb
= a …….(i)
Ib
Equation for voltage drops can also be written in terms of node voltages such as:
Va=Vm−Vn
Vb=Vp−Vq
Vm
[ ][Va
Vb
= 1 −1 0 0
Vn
0 0 1 −1 V p
Vq
] []
Vm
V
¿A n
Vp
Vq
[] ………..(ii)
Here the branch voltages Va and Vb are expressed in terms of node voltages. Similarly branch currents
are related to node current as
ℑ=¿∧¿=−Ia
And Ip=Ib∧Iq=−Ia
These current equations in matrix form are:
Im 1 0
[ ] [ ][ ]
In
Ip
Iq
= −1
0
0
0 Ia
1 Ib
−1
Ia
¿A
T
[]
Ib
………..(iii)
Now taking eq ‘1’
Ya YM Va I
[ YM Yb Vb][ ] [ ]
= a
Ib
Va
Substituting the value of
[ ]
Vb
from eq (ii)
Vm
[ Ya
YM
YM
Yb ] [ ][]
V I
A n = a
Vp
Vq
Ib
And in order to replace branch currents Ia and Ib into node current , we multiply both sides of the above
eqn by AT
Vm
AT
[ Ya Y M
YM Yb ] []
V I
A n =A T a
Vp
Vq
Ib[]
And from (iii) substitute the value on RHS
Vm Im
AT
[ Ya Y M
YM Yb ] [ ][ ]
V I
A n = n
Vp
Vq
Ip
Iq
This yields:
Ya −Y a Y M −Y M Vm Im
[ −Y a Y a −Y M Y M
Y M −Y M Y b −Y b
−Y M Y M −Y b Y b
][ ] [ ]
Vn
Vp
Vq
I
= n
Ip
Iq
This admittance matrix of 4*4 order is for two mutually coupled branches, which are part of a large
system. Therefore this matrix is a part of a large matrix of the whole system.
Now writing the term of coefficient matrix
[−11 −11 ] Ya [−11 −11 ] Y
[ [−11 −11 ] Y [−11 −11 ] Y
M
M
b ]
It should be noted that the order of numbering depends on which node is connected to the (dotted)
terminal i.e m appears before ‘n’ and ‘p’ appears before ‘q’
Thus we can form the admittance matrix for mutually coupled coils by multiplying each element by
building- block matrix.
