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Formula Sheet PDF

The document defines various vector derivatives - including gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian - in Cartesian, spherical, and cylindrical coordinate systems. It also provides vector identities and fundamental theorems relating these derivatives. Key formulas are given for the gradient, divergence, and curl in each coordinate system.

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62 views

Formula Sheet PDF

The document defines various vector derivatives - including gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian - in Cartesian, spherical, and cylindrical coordinate systems. It also provides vector identities and fundamental theorems relating these derivatives. Key formulas are given for the gradient, divergence, and curl in each coordinate system.

Uploaded by

Anjuma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VECTOR DERIVATIVES

Cartesian. dl = d x x̂ + dy ŷ + dz ẑ; dτ = d x d y dz

∂t ∂t ∂t
Gradient : ∇t = x̂ + ŷ + ẑ
∂x ∂y ∂z

∂vx ∂v y ∂vz
Divergence : ∇ · v = + +
∂x ∂y ∂z
     
∂vz ∂v y ∂vx ∂vz ∂v y ∂vx
Curl : ∇×v = − x̂ + − ŷ + − ẑ
∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x ∂x ∂y

∂ 2t ∂ 2t ∂ 2t
Laplacian : ∇ 2t = + +
∂x2 ∂ y2 ∂z 2

Spherical. dl = dr r̂ + r dθ θ̂ + r sin θ dφ φ̂; dτ = r 2 sin θ dr dθ dφ

∂t 1 ∂t 1 ∂t
Gradient : ∇t = r̂ + θ̂ + φ̂
∂r r ∂θ r sin θ ∂φ

1 ∂ 2 1 ∂ 1 ∂vφ
Divergence : ∇ · v = (r vr ) + (sin θ vθ ) +
r 2 ∂r r sin θ ∂θ r sin θ ∂φ
 
1 ∂ ∂vθ
Curl : ∇×v = (sin θ vφ ) − r̂
r sin θ ∂θ ∂φ
   
1 1 ∂vr ∂ 1 ∂ ∂vr
+ − (r vφ ) θ̂ + (r vθ ) − φ̂
r sin θ ∂φ ∂r r ∂r ∂θ
   
1 ∂ 2 ∂t 1 ∂ ∂t 1 ∂ 2t
Laplacian : ∇ t= 2
2
r + 2 sin θ +
r ∂r ∂r r sin θ ∂θ ∂θ r 2 sin2 θ ∂φ 2

Cylindrical. dl = ds ŝ + s dφ φ̂ + dz ẑ; dτ = s ds dφ dz

∂t 1 ∂t ∂t
Gradient : ∇t = ŝ + φ̂ + ẑ
∂s s ∂φ ∂z

1 ∂ 1 ∂vφ ∂vz
Divergence : ∇ · v = (svs ) + +
s ∂s s ∂φ ∂z
     
1 ∂vz ∂vφ ∂vs ∂vz 1 ∂ ∂vs
Curl : ∇×v = − ŝ + − φ̂ + (svφ )− ẑ
s ∂φ ∂z ∂z ∂s s ∂s ∂φ
 
1 ∂ ∂t 1 ∂ 2t ∂ 2t
Laplacian : ∇ t=
2
s + 2 2+ 2
s ∂s ∂s s ∂φ ∂z
VECTOR IDENTITIES

Triple Products

(1) A · (B × C) = B · (C × A) = C · (A × B)

(2) A × (B × C) = B(A · C) − C(A · B)

Product Rules

(3) ∇( f g) = f (∇g) + g(∇ f )

(4) ∇(A · B) = A × (∇ × B) + B × (∇ × A) + (A · ∇)B + (B · ∇)A

(5) ∇ · ( f A) = f (∇ · A) + A · (∇ f )

(6) ∇ · (A × B) = B · (∇ × A) − A · (∇ × B)

(7) ∇ × ( f A) = f (∇ × A) − A × (∇ f )

(8) ∇ × (A × B) = (B · ∇)A − (A · ∇)B + A(∇ · B) − B(∇ · A)

Second Derivatives

(9) ∇ · (∇ × A) = 0

(10) ∇ × (∇ f ) = 0

(11) ∇ × (∇ × A) = ∇(∇ · A) − ∇ 2 A

FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS

b
Gradient Theorem : a (∇ f ) · dl = f (b) − f (a)
 
Divergence Theorem : (∇ · A) dτ = A · da
 
Curl Theorem : (∇ × A) · da = A · dl
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS

0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 /Nm2 (permittivity of free space)

μ0 = 4π × 10−7 N/A2 (permeability of free space)

c = 3.00 × 108 m/s (speed of light)

e = 1.60 × 10−19 C (charge of the electron)

m = 9.11 × 10−31 kg (mass of the electron)

SPHERICAL AND CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES


Spherical ⎧
⎧
⎨ x = r sin θ cos φ ⎪
⎨ x̂ = sin θ cos φ r̂ + cos θ cos φ θ̂ − sin φ φ̂
y = r sin θ sin φ ŷ = sin θ sin φ r̂ + cos θ sin φ θ̂ + cos φ φ̂
⎩ ⎪
⎩ ẑ = cos θ r̂ − sin θ θ̂
z = r cos θ
⎧ ⎧
⎪
⎨ r = x +
2 y2 + z2  ⎨ r̂ = sin θ cos φ x̂ + sin θ sin φ ŷ + cos θ ẑ
θ = tan−1 x 2 + y 2 /z θ̂ = cos θ cos φ x̂ + cos θ sin φ ŷ − sin θ ẑ
⎪
⎩ ⎩
φ = tan−1 (y/x) φ̂ = − sin φ x̂ + cos φ ŷ

Cylindrical
⎧ ⎧
⎨ x = s cos φ ⎨ x̂ = cos φ ŝ − sin φ φ̂
y = s sin φ ŷ = sin φ ŝ + cos φ φ̂
⎩ ⎩
z =z ẑ = ẑ
⎧ ⎧
⎨ s = x 2 + y2 ⎨ ŝ = cos φ x̂ + sin φ ŷ
φ = tan−1 (y/x) φ̂ = − sin φ x̂ + cos φ ŷ
⎩ ⎩
z =z ẑ = ẑ

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