PLANNING

INTRODUCTION

Planning is working out a broad outline, the things that need to be done and the
methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose set for the organizations.
Planning requires preparing for a future that is often impossible to predict, and so
must incorporate uncertainty. Forecasts should usually describe ranges and
probabilities rather than point estimates, and plans should usually incorporate
contingencies. Planning is an intellectual process where one has to visualize and
foresee a situation with its related activities prior to its actual occurrence, anticipate
its outcome, possible advantages and disadvantages based on the date available on
available resources, human and materialistic and financial and other constraints.

It is the responsibility of top level authority, which is the policy

making body, to do overall planning. The authority may be government, public or
private agency. Its primary objective is to meet the health needs of the community.
In the process of Planning, all relevant aspects have to be investigated the most
important aspect being nursing service. The principle of investigation must be
followed in planning. For this purpose, the person who is delegated the direction of
a particular sphere of activities must be consulted. There should be an effective
line of communication between the directing authority and the operating authority.
The importance of channels of communication is that each member should know
and understand not only her part of it, but also the part which others have to play.

MEANING

 Planning refers to deciding in advance (what, who, when, where and how)
about something is to be done.
 It is a continuous process, beginning with the setting of goals and objectives
and then laying out a plan of action to accomplish them, put them into play,
review the process and the outcomes, provide feedback to personnel and
modify as needed.
 Planning occurs at many levels, from day-to-day decisions made by
individuals and families, to complex decisions made by businesses and
governments.
  Planning is a process of setting formal guidelines and constrints for the
behavior of the organization.
 Planning is the process of coping with uncertainty by formulating courses of
action to achieve specified results.
 A plan is a specific documented intention consisting of an objective (end)
and an action statement (means).
 In other words plan is a ‘written blueprint’. Without a plan, the only way
you get where you are going is by accident. So plan converts possibility in to
probability.

DEFINITIONS

 Andrews (1990): Planning is a process that is designed to achieve goals in

dynamic, competitive environments through the allocation of resources.
 Luther (1995): planning defines where the organization is going or where it
is supposed to go.
 Certo SC (2003):Planning is the systematic development of action programs
aimed at reaching agreed business objectives by the process of analyzing,
evaluating and selecting among the opportunities which are foreseen.
 Daniel Gilbert (2006): The human species greatest and most unique ability
is to imagine and anticipate objects and episodes that do not currently exist,
that is to plan for the future. That is our individual and collective strength.
Planners are the coaches.
 According to Haiman: Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done?
When a manager plans, he projects a course of action, for the future,
attempting to achieve a consistent coordinate structure of operations aimed
at the desired results.
 According to Bernard and Walsh: planning is the determination of what is
to be accomplished?
 According to Fayol: It is making a plan of action to provide for the
foreseeable future. This plan of action must have unity, continuity, flexibility
and precision.
 NATURE OF PLANNING

Planning is a comprehensive term for choosing the course of action from all
available alternatives for accomplishing desired goals:

 Planning is goal oriented

 Primacy, i.e. provides the basis for the organizational function as a whole as
well as for the other functions of the administration
 Sketches a complete mental picture by looking ahead
 Continuity , i.e. never ending process
 Rational, dynamic and integrated process
 Copyright process
 Pervasiveness of planning
 Efficiency, economy and accuracy
 Coordination
 Selecting the face with assumptions
 Flexibility
 Planning is an intellectual process
 Unity of purpose and direction.

PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

 Based on clearly defined goals

 Comprehensive: All significant options and impacts are considered
 Efficient : The process should not waste time or money
 Inclusive: people affected by the plan have opportunities to be involved
 Informative: Results are understood by stakeholders (people affected by a
decision)
 Integrated: Individual, short-term decisions should support strategic, long-
term goals
 Logical: Each step leads to the next
 Transparent :Everybody involved understands how the process operates
 Hierarchical: Must follow some order.
PLANNING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF COLLEGE OF NURSING

The planners have to frame the philosophy, formulate the aims and objectives,
mission, identification and selection of learning experience based on the guidelines
issued by Indian Nursing Council.

OBJECTIVES

Objectives or goals are the ends towards which activity is aimed- they are the
results to be achieved. They represent not only the endpoint of planning, but the
end toward which organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling are aimed.

MISSIONS

 The mission or purposes identifies the basic function or task of an enterprise

or agency or of any part of it. Every kind of organized operation has, or at
least should have if it is to be meaningful, purposes or missions. In every
social system, enterprises have a basic function or task which is assigned to
them by society. For example, the purpose or mission of the a business
generally is the production and distribution of goods and services.
 The purpose of a university is teaching and research.

PHILOSOPHY

The philosophy of an organization is typically embedded in the mission statement.

A careful reading of the mission statement will usually provide a good
understanding of the institutional philosophy or value system. Mission statement
with phrases such as ‘without consideration for ability to pay,’ ‘With respect for
the dignity of each elderly resident,’ provide clues to the type of service that you
could expect from an organization. In the best of words, there is congruence
between the stated mission, vision, philosophy, values, and the behavior of the
organization.

 The philosophy articulates a vision and provides a statement of beliefs and

values that directs one’s practice.
 It should be written, included in appropriate documents and reviewed
periodically.
 Philosophy should not be stated in vague and useless terms.
  Conflicting philosophies between overlapping units cause and should be
avoided.
 When developing or re-evaluating a philosophy, the manager should
consider theory, education, practice, research and the nurse’s role in the total
organization.
 A theory might be adopted and integrated into philosophy or another might
be referred to throughout.
 Value of applying research findings to practice, support research efforts and
the nurse’s role in the overall in the philosophy.

Guidelines and Minimum Requirements to Establish as per Inc Norms

College of Nursing

Guidelines for Establishment of New BSc (N) College of Nursing

 Any organization under:

i. Central Government/State Government/Local boby

ii. Registered Private or Public Trust
iii. Missionary or any other organization registered under Society
Registration Act
iv. Company’s act are eligible to establish BSc (N) College of Nursing.
 Any organization having 100 bedded parent (Own) hospitals is eligible to
establish BSc (N) Course.
 Above organization shall obtain the Essentiality Certificate /No objection
certificate for the BSc (N) program from the respective State Government
The institution name along with Trust Deed/Society address shall be
mentioned in No Objection Certificate/Essentiality Certificate.
 The Indian Nursing Council, on receipt of the proposal from the Institution
to start nursing program, will undertake the first inspection to assess
suitability with regard to the physical infrastructure, clinical facility and
teaching faculty in order to give permission to start the program.
 After the receipt of the permission to start the nursing program from the
Indian Nursing Council, the institution shall obtain the approval from the
State Nursing Council and University.
 Institution will admit the students only after taking approval of the State
Nursing Council and University.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENT TO ESTABLISH BSC (N) PROGRAM

BUILDING

 The College of Nursing should have a separate building. The College of

Nursing should be near to its parent hospital having space for expansion in
an institutional area. For a College with an annual admission capacity of 40-
60 student, the constructed area of the college should be 23720 square feet.
 Adequate hostel/residential accommodation for students and staff should
be available in addition to the above mentioned built-up area of the Nursing
College respectively. The details of the constructed area are given below for
admission capacity of 40 to 60 students (See table).

CLASSROOMS

 There should be at least four classrooms with the capacity of

accommodating the number of students admitted in each class.
 The rooms should be well ventilated with the proper lighting system.
 There should be built in Black/Green/White Boards. There should be a
desk/dais/a big table and a chair for the teacher and racks/cupboards for
keeping teaching aids or any other equipment needed for the conduct of
classes also should be there.
DEPARTMENT COLLEGE SHOULD HAVE FOLLOWING
DEPARTMENTS
 Funamentals of nursing including nutrition
 Medical surgical nursing
 Community health nursing
 Obstetric and gynecological nursing
 Child health nursing
 Psychiatric and mental health nursing
LABORATORIES
 Nursing foundations and medical-surgical
 Community health nursing
 OBG and pediatrics
 Nutrition
 Computer with 10 computers
 Preclinical science lab (biochemi stry, microbiology, biophysics, anatomy
and physiology)
AUDITORIUM
Auditorium should be spacious enough to accommodate at least double the
sanctioned/ actual strength of students, so that it can be utilized for hosting
functions of the college, educational conferences/ workshops, examinations, ect….
It should be well-ventilated and have a proper lighting system. There should be
arrangements for the use of all kinds of basic and advanced audio-visual aids.
MULTIPURPOSE HALL
College of nursing should have multipurpose hall, if there is no auditorium.
LIBRARY:
There should be a separate library for the college. The size of the library should be
of minimum 24000 square. It should be easily accessible to the teaching faculty
and the students. The library should have seating arrangements for at least 60
students for reading and having good lighting and ventilation and space for
stocking and displaying of books and journals. The library should have at least
3000 books facility.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Adequate provision for extinguishing fire should be available as per the local bye-
laws.
PLAYGROUND
= playground should be spacious for outdoor sports like volleyball, football,
badminton and for athletics.
= canteen: there should be provision for a canteen for the students, their guests, and
all other staff members.
= transport: college should have separate transport facility under the control of the
principal. 50 seater buses are preferable.
RESIDENTIAL ACCOMMODATION
Residential family accommodation for faculty should be provided, according to
their marital status. Telephone facility for the principal accommodation with all
facilities is to be provided to the hostel warder.
CRECHE
There should be a creche in the college campus.
ORGANIZING

INTRODUCTION
Organizing basically involves analysis of activities to be performed in achieving
organization objectives, grouping them into various departmental and section. So
that can be assigned individual and delegating them appropriately so that they can
carry the work properly.
MEANING
Organization is a group of people working together cooperatively under authority
toward achieving goals and objectives that mutually benefit the participants and the
organization .
DEFINITION
 An organization is a group of individuals coordinate into different levels of
authority and segments of specialization or the purpose of achieving the goals
and objectives of the organization.
 Organization is the process of combining the work in which individuals and
groups have to perform with the facilities necessary for its execution. So that
the units so firmed provide the best channels foe efficient, systematic, positive
and coordinated application of the available effort.
- Olive Sheldon
Organization is a system of cooperative activities of two or more persons.
- Chester Bernard
Organization is a formal structure of authority through which work subdivisions
are arranged, defined and coordinated for the defined objective.
- Luther gullick

Organization is a social unit or human grouping, deliberately structured for the

purpose of attaining specific goals.
Amitai Etzioni
APPLICATION TO NURSING
Most health care organizations are structured based on the applied principles of
classical organizational theory
 Health care organization have specific chains of commands, clearly
delineated levels of authority written policies and procedure, specific riles
and regulations for employees.
 Health care organization emphasizes task efficiency and productivity in
patient care.
 Functional and tram system or patient care is based on this theory.
  Nurse and other professionals receive training , in the form of in-service and
orientation, to job expertise

STAFFING

INTRODUCTION

Staffing is a selection, training, motivating and retaining of a personnel in the

organization . nurse staffing is a constant challenge for health care facilities.
Before the selection of the employees, one has to make analysis of the particular
job, which is required in the organization, then comes the selection of personnel.

DEFINITION

*staffing is the function by which manager builds an organization through the

recruitment, selection and development of individuals as capable employees.

MC farland

*staffing involves manning the organization. Structure through proper and

effective selection, appraisal and development of personnel to fill the roles
designed into the structure.

-Knootz and donnell

STAFFING FUNCTION

*manpower planning

*development of people
*determination of employment standards

*scientific selection of employees

*determining the sources of personnel

*training is essential

*other functions

The nurse- patient ratio as per the norms of TNAI and INC (the Indian
nursing council, 1985)

The norms are based on hospital beds

 Chief nursing officer: 1 per 500 beds

 Nursing superintendent: 1per 400beds or above

 DNS : 1per 300 beds and 1 additional for every 200 beds

 ANS : 1 for 100-150 beds or 3-4 wards

 Ward sister: 1 for 25-30 beds or one ward. 30% leave reserve

 Staff nurse: 1 for 3 beds

The staffing patter for teaching faculty in institutes of nursing (as per INC norms)

 Principal cum professor, Msc (N) with 15 years experience after msc (N)
out of which 12 years should be teaching experience with a minimum of 5
years in the collegiate program phD (N) is desirable.

 Professor/ vice principal in any specialty msc (n) with 12 years experience
after msc (N) out of which 10 years should be teaching experience with
minimum of 5 years in college program phD (N) is desirable.

 Professor: Msc (N) with 10 years experience after Msc (N) out of which 8
years should be teaching experience phD(N) is desirable

 Associate professor/ reader: Msc (N) with 8 years experienceafter Msc (N)
out of which 5 years should be teaching experience phD (N) is desirable.
  Assistant professor: Msc (N)with 3years experience after msc (N)

 medical-surgical nursing
 Community health nursing
 OBG nursing
 Child health nursing

 Mental health nursing

Nursing titors: Msc (N)/ PB BSc (N) / BSc (N) with one year experience

part time lecturers for the following subjects

*English

*Sociology

*Biophysics

*Microbiology

*Psychology

*Physical education

*Hindi/ any other languages

*Nutrition

*Computer science

Other staff (minimum requirements):

To be received and revised and rationalized keeping in mind the mechanization

and contract service.

* Ministerial

-administrative officer 1

-office superintend 1

-PA to principal 1
 -Accountant/ cashier 1

* Upper division clerk 2

*Lower division clerk 2

*storekeeper 1

- Maintenance of stores 1

-Classroom attendants 2

-sanitary staff As per the physical space

-security staff As per the physical space

* Peons/ office attendants 4

* Library:

-Librarian 2

- Library attendants As per the requirement sanitary staff

- Ayas /peons As per the requirement

-Security staff As per the requirement

- Gardeners and dhobi Depends on structural facilities

(desirable)
BUDGETING
INTRODUCTION
Budget, as a control device is an extension of planning . after the planning and
programming decision, the approved program is translated into a totaled statement of monetary
requirement and financial consequence.

Budgeting though primarily recognized as a device for controlling becomes a major part of the
planning process in any organization. Budgeting is done for indicating the expected results of the
business and the possible future lines of action to be followed for the attainment of such results.

MEANING OF BUDGET :

The word “budget” derived from the old English word “budget tee “ means a sack or pouch
which the chancellor of the exchequer use to take out his papers for lying before the parliament ,
the government, financial scheme for the ensuring year,

DEFINITIONS

Budget is a concrete, precise picture of the total operation of an enterprise in monetary terms

- HM Donovan

Budgeting is the formulation of plans for a given period in numerical terms

- Harold KoortZ

A budget is a plan that uses numerical data to predict that activities of an organization over a
period of time

PURPOSES:

 Fiscal planning and decision- making

 Controllable and uncontrollable cost areas

 Useful format for communicating fiscal objectives

 Feedback of utilization of budget

 Identify problem areas and facilities for effective solution

 For measuring and recording financial success with the objectives of the institution.
FEATURES OF BUDGET:

=: It should be flexible

=: It should synthesis of past, present and future

=: It should be product joint venture, cooperation of executives

=: It should be in the form of statistical standard

PRINCIPLES OF BUDGET

 Budget should ensure the most effective use of scarce and financial and non-financial
resources

 Budget should focus objects and policies of the organization

 Budget period must be appropriate to the nature of business or service and to the type of
budget

 Budget the prepared under direction and supervision of the administrator or financial
officer

BUDGET PROCESS

INDIAN METHOD

o Annual method, i.e. annual budget will be made in india.

o Month: start from sep /oct of current years

o Made by: directorate of health and family welfare.

FUNCTION OF BUDEGT IN NURSING

 Identifies the importance of and develop short a long range fiscal plan that reflects unit
needs

 Articulate and documents units need effectively to higher administrative levels

 Demonstrate knowledge of budgeting and uses appropriate technique

 Provide opportunities for subordinates to participate in relevant fiscal planning

 Coordinates the monitoring aspects of budget control

 Coordinates unit level fiscal planning to be congruent with organizational goals and
objective.
BUDGET PLANNING FOR COLLEGE OF NURSING

*budget for college of nursing is designed to support the college staff and student to carry-out
various activities and to protect money from being misused or wasted

*In a government setting the financial sources available to college are less or very limited. Out of
which about 60% of the budget allocated is required to be spent on salaries and wages and
remaining 40% of the budget spent in stores, supplies and equipments .

PREPARATION OF BUDGET

Generally the items which have to be included in the budget for college of nursing are
following :

Salaries for professional, clinical and domestic staff

Stipends for students

New equipments and repair

Linen and other household supplies

Office supplies, including stationary and postage

Maintenance of library .
RECRUITMENT
INTRODUCTION
Recruitment is a positive process of searching the prospective employee and selection is a
negative process because it involves the rejection of unsuitable candidates. However, both
recruitment and selection are the two phases of the same process. Recruitment , being the first
phase, envisages taking decisions on the choice. Selection is the second phase, which involves
giving various types of tests to the candidates and interviews them in order to select the most
suitable candidates.

DEFINITION

Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for emplyement and stimulating them to
apply for jobs in the organization

-Flippo

Recruitment is the development and maintanance of adequate man power resources . it involes
the creation of a pool of available labour up on whom the organization can depend when it needs
additional employees .

- Dales S beach

IMPORTANCE OF RECRUITMENT METHOD

 It determines the number of qualified applicants applying for a particular position.

 It can sometimes effect the subsequints turnover rates of employees.

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF RECRUITMENT

A. Direct method

B. Indirect method

C. Third party methods

A) Direct method: ding traveling instruction, employees contacts with public and manned
exhibitis.

B) Indirect method :indirect method involves mostly advertising in newspapers, on the

radio, in trade and professional journals and in technical magazines.
C) Third party methods: these include the use of commercial or private include the use of
state agencies, and placement of offices of schools, college and professional associations,
recruiting firms , management consulting firms, indocritation seminars for college
professesr and friends and relatives.

Private EMPLOYEMENT AGENCIES

 Schools , college and professional institutes

 Professional organization or recruiting firms or execute recruiting

 Indoctration seminar for college

 Employee referals

 Trade unions

 Casual labour or applicant at the gate

 Inconsolidated applications

 Valentory organization

 Computer data banks

DISCIPLINE

INTRODUCTION

The word discipline comes from the latin term “ disciplina” which means instruction. In the
most general sence “ discipline” refers to giving systematic instruction, but in real life, discipline
is the bridge between goals and accomplishment . discipline directs work, making it fruitful and
excellent The word discipline is derived from disciples means pupils and discipere means to
comprehend. Broadly considered, the term discipline may be used to refered to the orderly
activities used by a person in her progress toward the attainment of some goal which either she
her self desires are which someone desire for her .

DEFINITION

Discipline can be defined as a training or molding of the mind or character to bring about desired
behaviours

Training to improve strength or self – control.

To train by instructions and practice , especially to teach self – control.

It can be difened as a training or modling of the mind and character to bring about desored
behaviours .

VALUE OF DISCIPLINE

Discipline is the first law of nature.The sun rises and brings the day.Its sets and there is night and
the moon and the stars are visible. Man is also a unit of nature ,and so just like nature ,if human
beings do not observe discipline the entire social structure would fall like a house of cards
discipline is necessary in all walks of life, school, college ,workplace or society.

DISCIPLINE IN STUDENT LIFE

Discipline is extremely important in student life. They form the core of other virtues like
punctuality, cleanliness, and honesty .A discipline student is a ruler of his own .As he can rule
his own wishes and habits. Thus ,discipline lays foundation of achieving better results
,outshining in class and more importantly achieving higher goals in life, Goals higher than aimed
.The decay of discipline in our society is reflected in violence , bad traffic sense in people and
bad behavior.

CLASSROOM DISCIPLINE FOR STUDENTS

 Have rules and remind them often

  Keep rules short and simple

 Be nice to teacher and classmates

 Raise hand to speak

 Be silent or whisper

 Resist giving attention to the disruptuor ‘Someone is disturbing the class ‘.

 Involve the teacher to solve your problems

 Talk privately to the teacher ;

 ‘What can I do to get your help’

INDISCIPLINE

 Elements of uniformity despite several differences in formal behavior .

 Indiscipline means disorderliness, insubordination and not following the rules and
regulation of an organization.

CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE

 Faulty disciplinary actions taken by the authorities may lead to indiscipline

 Neglect of employees grievances

 Wrong placement and promotion or remunerations also leads to indiscipline

 Deficiency of well -defiend code of discipline

 Devide and rule policy

 Improper attitude towards employees problem

PRINCIPLES FOR MAINTANANCE OF DISCIPLINE

The most important principles to be abseverd in the maintenance of discipline have been outlined
by yoder , heneman, turnbull and Harold stone.

 All the rules should be framed in cooperation and collaboration with the representatives
of employees

 Rules should vary with changes in the working condition of employees

 Rules should uniformly enforced if they are to be effective

  Penalties for any violation of any rules should be clearly started in advance

 Extreme caution should exercised to ensure that infringements or not encouraged

PUBLIC RELATION
INTRODUCTION

Public relations commonly refered as PRis modern phenomenon , which goes a long way in
building the image of nursing as a profession. Public relations is the management through
communication, of perception and strategic relationships between an organization and its
internal and external stakeholders.

FIRST THE WORD PUBLIC WHICH MEANS

 The community of or the people as a whole

 A group of people sharing a common interest

SECOND WORD RELATIONS WHICH MEANS

 A logical or natural association between two or more things

 Relevance of one to another

 Connection

DEFINITIONS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS

GOOD PERFORMANCE, publicity appreciated because adequatly communicated.

- Fortune (magazine)

“ public relation is a combination of philosophy, sociology, economics, language, psychology,

journalisum, communication and other knowledge in to a system of human understanding.

- Herbert M baus

NEED FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS

 Investing in public relations will help the organization to achieve its objective effectively
and smoothly.

 Keeping the health consumers informed about the availability of the range and types of
the health care survices

 Giving the clientele information on the procedural aspects of health care

  Informing the clientele about the hospital medical and nursing service profile

CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC RELATION

 It is a dynamic

 It is analytical

 It is planed

 It implies action

 It requires evaluation

 It demands adjustment

THE COMPONENTS AND TOOLS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS

o Advertising

o Publicity

o Propaganda

o Diplomacy

o Promotions

o Campaigns

Lobbying

Public affairs

Public relations counseling

Public relations budgeting

QUALITIES OF PUBLIC RELATION OFFICER (PRO)

Abundant common sence

First class organizing ability

Good judgment andobjectivity

Imagination and the ability to appreciate the other persons point of view
A lively inquest mind

Infinity capacity of taking pains

PUBLIC RELATION IN HOSPITALS

OPERATIVE METHODs

-cheerful and courteous behavior

-prompt and efficient treatment

-clean surrounding and well appearance of workers

ROLES OF ADMINISTRATER IN MAINTANING PUBLIC RELATIONS

 She has to be whether PRO is appointed

 Needed arrangements should be given

 Evaluate the effectiveness

 She her self can go to round the hospital, check the compliance and collect information
consecutive criticism can be accepted

SENSITIVE AREAS ARE:

1. reduce high waiting time in OPD

2. Reduce delay at the dispensary and laboratory counter

3. Casualty department should be organized to be with any type of casuality

OTHER ACTIVITY

The hospital premises should be keep clean at all times

Hospital visitors should be dealt with courteous one nursing or medical staff should be available
in a ward during visiting hours to answer their queries.

COOMUNICATIVE METHODS

THESE METHODs employees means of communication in all posoble forms to enable the
hospital to convey its message to public.

*administrative rounds by hospital administrators at different levels

*provision to listen to verbal complaints instead of insisting on written ones.

*provision of suggestion box at an appropriate place.

*hospital tours by various group should be encouraged

FUNCTIONS

1. It studies the actions of the management and their impact on the public preseption of the
hospital

2. It establishes channels of communication between public and the management team

3. It helps in raising funds for the support of the hospitals

FUNCTION PUBLIC RELATIONS IN CONTEXT OF NURSING

1. He/she should have a through knowledge about the hospital -its philosophy, objective
commitments, obligations and policies.

2. He/she should be a good and an able communicator with knowledge about PR

techniques.

3. He/she should be alert toward the needs of the nursing staff members .

4. He/she should be imaginative and innovative with thoroughness about details.

5. Art or science of developing reciprocal understanding and good will.

 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL:

INTRODUCTION

The employee performance appraisal is a sensitive and important part of the management
process, requiring much skills. When accurate and appropriate appraisal assessment are
performed, the outcome can be very positive. It is a powerful tool to calibrate, refine and reward
the performance of the employee.

DEFINITIONS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

“ performance appraisal is the systematic, periodic and an impartial rating of an employees

excellence in the matters pertaining to his present job and his potential for a better job”.

- Flippo

“ A basic human tendency to make judgments about those one is working with as well as about
oneself”.

AIMS/ OBJECTIVES/PURPOSES OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL:

Generally , the aims of a performance appraisal are to:

o Give employee feedback on performance

o Identify employee training needs

o Form a basis for personnel decision: salary increases, promotions, disciplinary action,
bonuses, etc…

o Provide the opportunity for organizational diagnosis and development.

o To improve performance through counseling, coaching and development.

o To establish standards of job performance

o To improve commitment and satisfaction

PREREQUISITES FOR EFFECTIVE AND SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL:

The essential of an effective performance system are as follows:

  Documentation

 Standards / goals

 Practical and simple format

 Evaluation technique

 Communication

 Feedback

 Personal bias

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL TOOLS/ METHODS/ TECHNIQUES OF PERFORMANCE

APPRAISAL:

 Traditional methods of performance appraisal

*Essay appraisal method

*Straight ranking method

*Paired comparison

*Critical incidents methods

*Field review

*Checklist method

*graphic rating scale

*peer- review

MODERN METHODS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL:

1. Management by objective

2. 360 degree performance appraisal

WELFARE SERVICES

STUDENT WEIFARE SERVICES

INTRODUCTION

Student are the most important aspect in school or college of nursing just as a patient to a
hospital. So administration of students is one of the challenging tasks.

DEFINITION

A welfare service refers to those services which aid the individual student in developing his
abilities and potentials.

PURPOSES

 To help the students to know himself/ herself as an individual

 To help the student to develop goals which are in keeping with his abilities, interests and
personality

 To help in the overall development of students.

TRENDS AND TYPES OF STUDENTS WELFARE SERVICES

The range and type of personal services vary