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Common Symbols Used in Set Theory

The document defines common symbols used in set theory. It provides the symbol, meaning, and examples of union, intersection, subset, proper subset, not a subset, superset, proper superset, not a superset, complement, difference, element of, not element of, empty set, universal set, power set, equality, Cartesian product, cardinality, such that, for all, there exists, therefore, and defines types of numbers like natural numbers and integers.

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62 views

Common Symbols Used in Set Theory

The document defines common symbols used in set theory. It provides the symbol, meaning, and examples of union, intersection, subset, proper subset, not a subset, superset, proper superset, not a superset, complement, difference, element of, not element of, empty set, universal set, power set, equality, Cartesian product, cardinality, such that, for all, there exists, therefore, and defines types of numbers like natural numbers and integers.

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God is every where
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Common Symbols Used in Set Theory

Symbols save time and space when writing. Here are the most common set symbols

In the examples C = {1,2,3,4} and D = {3,4,5}

Symbol Meaning Example


{} Set: a collection of elements {1,2,3,4}
A∪B Union: in A or B (or both) C ∪ D = {1,2,3,4,5}
A∩B Intersection: in both A and B C ∩ D = {3,4}
A ⊆ B Subset: A has some (or all) elements of B {3,4,5} ⊆ D
A⊂B Proper Subset: A has some elements of B {3,5} ⊂ D
A⊄B Not a Subset: A is not a subset of B {1,6} ⊄ C
A ⊇ B Superset: A has same elements as B, or more {1,2,3} ⊇ {1,2,3}
A ⊃ B Proper Superset: A has B's elements and more {1,2,3,4} ⊃ {1,2,3}
A⊅B Not a Superset: A is not a superset of B {1,2,6} ⊅ {1,9}
Dc = {1,2,6,7}
Ac Complement: elements not in A
When = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
A−B Difference: in A but not in B {1,2,3,4} − {3,4} = {1,2}
a∈A Element of: a is in A 3 ∈ {1,2,3,4}
b∉A Not element of: b is not in A 6 ∉ {1,2,3,4}
∅ Empty set = {} {1,2} ∩ {3,4} = Ø
Universal Set: set of all possible values
 
(in the area of interest)
     
P(A) Power Set: all subsets of A P({1,2}) = { {}, {1}, {2}, {1,2} }
A=B Equality: both sets have the same members {3,4,5} = {5,3,4}
Cartesian Product {1,2} × {3,4}
A×B
(set of ordered pairs from A and B) = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4)}
|A| Cardinality: the number of elements of set A |{3,4}| = 2
     
| Such that { n | n > 0 } = {1,2,3,...}
: Such that { n : n > 0 } = {1,2,3,...}
∀ For All ∀x>1, x2>x
∃ There Exists ∃ x | x2>x
∴ Therefore a=b ∴ b=a
     
Natural Numbers {1,2,3,...} or {0,1,2,3,...}

Integers {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}

Rational Numbers  

Algebraic Numbers  

Real Numbers  

Imaginary Numbers 3i

Complex Numbers 2 + 5i

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