DESIGN OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE WAREHOUSE
BY
VICTOR ROBERT SLADEK
THESIS
FOR THE
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN
ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
1912
f[iz
51i
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
M ay 29............... ...1902
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY
..................................... VIU TD R..ROBERT..SLAQ.EK.................. ...................
ENTITLED............... DE&IGH..OP.. A..BRIKEQBQ1D..OONOHETE.1AREHQ-U8E
IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF.____ Bachelor of Science in____________________________
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF..... ARCHITECTURE
£26391
i
I N T R O D U C T I O N
The most important considerations in designing a warehouse
for this purpose are:
(a) that it should be fireproof;
(b) that there be provided the devices for fire protec
tion necessary to obtain the lowest possible in
surance on stock;
(c) that it should have suitable shipping facilities, both
for the country and city trade;
(d) that conveniences be provided which will minimize the
cost of handling goods between floors;
(e) that the offices be situated so as to give the best
possible supervision of all entrances and exits;
(f) that these results must be obtained at the least pos
sible cost.
Reinforced concrete has proved in tests and in actual fires
to be an excellent fireproof material. Recently the contents of an
Eastern oil refinery built entirely of reinfoced concrete caught
fire and were completely consumed. The burning oils gave off in
tense heat but the building stood and was damaged but slightly.
Instances similar to this have established confidence in reinforced
concrete construction and where it is suitable it is the most econ
omical system of fireproof construction.
1
DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING
The site assumed is a corner lot 144' -6" by 224' -0",
with railroad tracks 6' —6 from the rear building line and the main
street is considered as running along the narrower side of the
building, lour feet of the railroad right of way is taken for an
unloading platform, leaving 2* —6 between the tracks and platform.
The offices are along the side street with an entrance
from the main street, ^his is the only entrance provided* except
shipping doors, thus making it necessary for all employees to pass
thru the office.
The shipping platform is in the rear of the building a-
long the side street. A trucking space 92* by 30' is provided mak—
ing it unnecessary for the teams and trucks to block the sidewalk.
The goods can be trucked from the freight cars directly to the wa
gons if desired.
One freight elevator is near the real wall so that goods
can be carried up immediately to any floor. The other elevator
runs thru the shipping floor. A spiral chute is provided from the
packing room to the shipping floor.
The story heights from floor to floor are as follows;
Basement, 2d, 3rd, and 4th floors 10* -4"
1st floor 13 * _4 U
This gives the following clear story heights:
1st floor 12 ' _o"
Basement, 2d, 3rd, and 4th floors 9' -0"
The basement floor under the trucking space is dropped
2' -0** giving 7' -7’* clear head room.
2.
VALUES USED.
The "Chicago Building Ordinances" are followed in the
design.
Working stresses:
Steel:
16,000#/sq.in. for tension.
16,000
» — 70 r3— for compression in columns.
Concrete:
700#/sq.in. in flexure,
500#/sq.in. in direct compression,
Mixture 1:2:4 where "n" = 15.
The percentage of steel is taken as 1.5^ so that the neutral
axis will be almost at the center of the beam.
The live load =200#/sq.ft.
Pull live loads carried down to footings.
THEORY.
A = area of steel.
d = depth of reinforcement below top of beam.
K d = d e p t h of neutral axis below top of beam.
jd = distance between points of application of horizon
tal tensile and compressive stresses,
b. = breadth of beam.
1 = length of beam.
S =• stress in steel
C — stress in concrete.
M = bending moment.
W = total load.
3.
Then: A = pbd
K = /2pn - (pn)2 - pn = 0.485
j 1 - 1/3K = 0.838
M = Spjbd2 = 13,400Ad
= l/2Cfjbd2 — 142.3 bd2
The bending moment for restrained slabs equals l/24 W1 and for
continous beams l/l2 Wl.
The end beams are considered as continuous as the eccentric load
of the wall on the column exerts a fixing moment.
4
MOMENT EXERTED BY SLAB UPON BEAM
' S-' t
’-\ LI
- — 1-4 —
K14rj- LL
\ ' / ,4 *4
- 4-4 r i "
2o-o
w = total load per sq. ft.
(dead and live) r- Zo — b
/Tv
\
4 \ l^ r
11 \ I
4 X >-o
----- J- 4 - - ^
'x
X - - 1-
/
K- fjp-} |----
f 1/ T ' '
Weight of strip = 2yw.dx ^ _ 4 ^ T T
^-4
y= 10 - b/2 - x ' j 14 / 1
i N" vt /
Therefore Wt. = 2w((10 -b/2)dx-xdx) *— /
/
Moment of loads = /Ly--- moments of Wts. l b K
r \0 - 2-
r lo~A f
— 2w(l0 - b/2)Jxdx -2wjx2dx
w/3 (1000 - 150b + 15b2/2 -b5/8
Reaction - w(10~b/2)2
Total moment 3 M of reaction - M of loads
«■ w/3(2000 - 150b 4- b3/8)
5.
PANEL INVESTIGATION
Assume inner panel = 16'xl6' = 256 sq. ft.
" dead load - 75#/sq.ft
Then W = 275 x 256 - 70,500#
M - Y/l/20 » 70,500 x 12 x 16/20 = 677,000#"
d2 = 24.7
d = 4.97"-+-covering = 6"
d.l. « 1/2 x 150 - 75#0K
M due to slab =92(2000 - 600 + 8)12 = 1,555,000#"
b - 4' — 0"
Assume dead load = 200#'/sq.'
M = l/l2 x 400 x 4 x 400 x 12 - 640,000#"
Total moment = 2,195,000#"
a2 « 320
d = 1 7 . 9 " + covering -+ 19"
d.l. = 19/l2 x 150 =• 238#(assumption too low)
______________ Beam will be over 20" deep^. ___ _
Assume inner panel = 14* x 14' = 196 sq. ft.
" d.l. - 60#/sq.'
Then W = 260 x 196 = 51,000#
M = 428,000#"
d = 4 . 2 3 + covering = 5"
d.l. = 5/12 x 150 = 62.5# OK
M due to slab = 87.5(2000 - 900 + 27)12 - 1,185,000#"
b = 6' - 0 ‘‘
Assume d.l. = 200#/sq.ft.
M - l/l2 x 400 x 120 x 240 * 960,000#"
Total L » 2,145,000#"
d * 14.4 + covering - 15.5"
d.l = 15.5/12 x 150 =* 194#0K
6 .
Assume inner slab = 1 2 x 12 = 144 sq. '
" d.l. - 60#/sq.<*
Then W - 37,400#
M = 37400 x 144/20 = 270,000#"
d = 3.64 •+- covering = 4.5"
d.l. = 4.5/12 x 150 = 56.1#0K
M from slab =85.4(2000-1200 + 64)12 = 885,000#"
b = 8* - 0"
Assume d.l. = 175#/sq.1
M = 1/12 x 375 x 160 x 240 = 1,2000,000#"
Total moment =. 2,085,000#"
d = 12.35 4 covering = 13.25"
______ d.l. = 15.25/12 x 150 = 166# OK
Inner slab Wt. of panel
16* x 16» 55,200#
14»x 14' 51,680#
12' x 12' 50,580#
The smallest inner panel gives the lowest dead load but
the column head would have to be too large to give the beam a
full support. For this reason a beam 5' -0" wide was chosen,
giving an inner panel of 15* x 15'.
7.
DESIGN OP TYPICAL PANEL
Inner panels 15* x 15' = 225 sq.'
Assume d.l. = 65#/sq.'
Then W = 225 x 265 = 59,600#
M = 59600 x 180/24 447,000#”
d2 = 17.5
d = 4.2+coverlng = 5"
d.l. = 5/l2*150 = 62.5#0K
b = 5* -0"
M due to slab = 87.5(2000 - 750)12 = 1,310,000#”
Assume d.l. = 195#/sq. '
M = 1/12 x 395 x 87 x 240 = 686,000#”
Total M = 1,996,000#"
d2 = 234
d = 1 5 . 2 5 + covering = 16"
d.l. = 16/12 x 150 - 200#/sq.J _ _ OK
SLAB:
A =• 0.015 x 180 x 4.2 = 13.5 sq.” of steel per slab width.
use 60 - 3/8” round rods spaced 3" / to /
BEAM:
A = 0.015 x 60 x 15.25 =• 13.75 sq.” of steel in beam.
Use 20 - 15/16” round rods spaced 3" / to /
9.
DESIGN OF BEAMS OVER SHIPPING SPACE
1 = 4 0 ’ -0"
t = 16"
Assume d = 72"
Then t - 0.222d and N - 0.155
Take b = 96"
M that beam will carry = 0.155 x 700 x 72 x 96 = 54,100,000#"
d .1.= 1500#/ lineal foot
Reaction = 30,000 + 210,000 - 240,000#
M =(240,000 x 20 - 30,000 x 1 0 ) 1 2 - 54,000,000#”
Beam will carry it.
'• = u.015 x 96 x 72 =• 105 SO.," of steel required
Use 6 3 - 1 l/4" square bars spaced in 5 rows 9,12,13,14,15.
b' must — 36” Total depth = 6 ’ -6"
V
Area in shear - 3,370 sq."
3370 x 100 — 337,000# that beam will carry in shear if bars
are bent up.
Actual shear=240,000#. OK
10
COLUMN LOADS
Typical Heavy
Roof Columns Columns
Load above roof-------- 0
4 th " from " -------- 12,000#
Story
Estimated wt. of column 1,000
4th fl Total- 43,000
Load above 4th floor— - 43,000
3d " from " " — - 129,000
Story
Estimated wt. of column 1,500
3d fl Total- 173,500
Load above 3d floor-- - 173,500
2d " from " " 129,500
Story
Estimated wt. of column 2,000
2d fl Total- 304,500
Load above 2d floor---- 304,500 304,500#
1st " from " " --- 129,000 360,000
Story
Estimated wt. of column 2,500 6,500
1st fl Total- 436,000 671,000
Load above 1st floor--- 436,000 671,000
Bas. " from " " — 129,000 165,500
Estimated wt. of column 3,000 6,500
B. fl Total- 568,000 843,000
11
DESIGN OF TYPICAL COLUMN
4th STORY:
Load = 43,000#
Use 2 % reinforcement
Then l/l.28 x 43000 =■ 33,600# to be carried by concrete.
= 67.3.sq. " of concrete required.
Make core 9 l/2" in diameter with 1 3/4" protection
A = 0.02 x 70.88 = 1.418 sq." of steel required.
Use 10-3/8" square rods.
3rd STORY:
Load = 173,500#
Reinforcement - 8 angles 3" x 3" x l/4"
S = 13,100#sq."
11.52 x 13100 — 151,000# carried by steel
22500 = 45 sq." of concrete required
500
Core of steel column will carry it
Make total diameter •=* 13"
2d STORY:
Load * 304,500 #
Add 8 - 1" sq. bars then steel will carry 255,800#
-
1P.7PP. = 97.4 sq." concrete
500
Make column 12 l/2." with 1 l/4" protection
1st STORY:
Load — 436,000#
Reinforcement - 8 angles 4" x 4" x l/2"
S = 12,300#/sq,"
30 x 12300 = 369,000# carried by steel
12.
67QQ0 = 1 3 4 sq." of concrete
Make column 14 l/2" with 1 1/ 4 ” protection = 17"
BASEMENT:
Load = 568,000#
S - 13,200#/sq.”
Add 8 - 1M square bars, then steel will carry 501,600#
66400
-"gQo = 133 sq." of concrete required, ^ake column the
same as for 1st story.
13
DESIGN OF COLUMNS TO SUPPORT HEAVY BEAMS
1st STORY:
Load 671,000#
Reinforcement - 8 angles 3 1/2" x 3 1/2" x 5/l6"
S 15,650#/sq."
14,25 x 15,650 223,000# carried by steel
--.8000 895 sq." of concrete
Make column 34" with 1" protection
BASEMENT:
Load 803,000#
Add 8-1" square bars and steel will carry 348,000#
455000
910 sq." concrete
500
Make column same size as for 1st story.
These columns are made 3' -0" in diameter so
that the beams will have sufficient support.
14
FOOTINGS
Footings for typical columns,
Bearing power of soil taken as 4,000# sq.*
Load 568,000# and requires 140 sq.'
A 121 by 12' footing will carry it.
Reinforcement 24 - 3/8" round rods 6" to / in each direc
tion.
Footings for columns under trucking space,
Load 132,000# and requires 33 sq.'
A 6' by 6' footing will carry it.
Reinforcement 12 - l/4" round rods 6" i to £ in each direc
tion.
Footings for 3' columns,
Load 803,000# and requires 201 sq.1
A 14' -6" by 14* -6" footing will carry it.
Reinforcement 29 - l/2" round rods 6" to in each direc
tion.
Footings for columns along party wall,
Load 400,000# and requires 100 sq.'
A continuous footing 5' by 24 4 ’ will carry the columns.
Reinforcement 20 - l/2" round rods 3” to running longi
tudinally, and 488 - 1/4" round rods 6" to j/ across
the beam.
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