Define Theory and importance of theory, threefold typology of theories, and content of the

research proposal.

Theory and importance of theory:

A formulating regarding the cause and effect relationship between two or more variable, which
may or may not have been tested. Theory is a model or framework for observation and
understanding, which shapes both what we see and how we see it. Theory allows the researcher
to make links between the abstract and the concrete; the theoretical and the empirical; thought
statements and observational statements etc. Theory is a generalized statement that asserts a
connection between two or more types of phenomena – any generalized explanatory principle.
Theory is a system of interconnected abstractions or ideas that condenses and organizes
knowledge about the world. Theory explains and predicts the relationship between variables.
There are three components one is minimum two variables second cause independent, third
effect dependent. The theory composed of four elements, related to ‘what’, ‘how’, ‘why’, and the
fourth group of ‘who’. The first of these may be summarized as; what are the variable or concept
that theory examined? For example the variable in toms ‘s a research question are
communication channels and employee. The second element may be summarized as ;what are
these variable or concept related ? tom’s research question was designed to examine relationship
between communication channel and employee. The third element may be summarized as; why
are these variable or concept related? this is critical element in theory because it explain the
nature of the relationship between the variable or concept .this word is developing ,as you may
be asking what is difference between “why “ and “how “ in the context? To summarize so far,
good theory must not only include “what “element to identify underpinning variable and describe
the nature of their relationship it must as logical reasoning to explain why relationship exist .
Theory is a model or framework for observation and understanding, which shapes both what we
see and how we see it. Theory allows the researcher to make links between the abstract and the
concrete; the theoretical and the empirical; thought statements and observational statements etc.
Theory is a generalized statement that asserts a connection between two or more types of
phenomena – any generalized explanatory principle. Theory is a system of interconnected
abstractions or ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge about the world. Theory explains
and predicts the relationship between variables. Good theory has the power to explain and
predict, it may also subject to limitations.

Kelly argues that the individual who attempt to solve individual who attempt to solve the daily
problems which all face goes about this activity in much the same way as ‘the scientist . Both
continuously make and test hypothesis and revise their concept accordingly. Both organize their
result into what called schemata and into a system of broader schemata which called theories.
Kelly asserts that we need such schemata and theories to make sense of the complexity of the
world in which we live .without these organizing frameworks we would to be overwhelmed by
the unconnected detail we would have to racial. Theory is empirically relevant and always
tentative. The material included in textbooks is theory, whereas what is happening in the real
world is practice. It is a short step from the why research question to the testing of an existing
theory in a new situation or the development of your own theory. This may be expressed as a
hypothesis that is to be tested, or the eventual answer to your research question may be the
development or amendment of a theory.

Threefold typology of theories:

Basically three type of theories that contribute in the business and management research. The
first one is grand theory, second middle-range theory and the last one is substantive theory.
These theories that theoretical contributes and it’s known as threefold typology of theories.
Grand theories usually thought to be province of natural scientists. (That will lead to a whole
new way of thinking about management. The grand theory have the globally scope. The theory
in which the globally research that the benefit for the business management search. Middle
range theories which lack the capacity to change the way in which we think about the world but
are nonetheless of significance. (Some of the theories of human motivation well known to
manager would be in this category. The middle theories have the regional scope. The theory
which have the the regional scope for the business management research. Substantive theories
that is restricted to a particular time, research setting, group or population or problem. The
substantive theory has the specific scope that they have the timely scope. The theory has the
scope for the organization and the group of the people.

Content of the research proposal:

The research proposal, occasionally referred to as a protocol or outline, is a structured plan of

Title: This may be your first attempt at the title. It may change as your work progresses. At this
stage it should closely mirror the content of your proposal.  The text of proposals generally
varies in length between ten and thirty-five pages, followed by the list of references.
However, before you begin, read the assignment carefully and, if anything seems unclear,
ask your professor whether there are any specific requirements for organizing and writing
the proposal . Background: This is an important part of the proposal. It should tell the reader
why you feel the research that you are planning is worth the effort. This may be expressed in the
form of a problem that needs solving or something that you find exciting and has aroused your
curiosity. The reader will be looking for evidence here that there is sufficient interest from you to
sustain you over the long months (or years) ahead. This is where you explain the context of your proposal
and describe in detail why it's important . It can be melded into your introduction or you can create a
separate section to help with the organization and narrative flow of your proposal.
Research questions and objectives :The background section should lead smoothly into a
statement of your research question(s) and objectives. These should leave the reader in no doubt
as to precisely what it is that your research seeks to achieve. Connected to the background and
significance of your study is a section of your proposal devoted to a more deliberate review
and synthesis of prior studies related to the research problem under investigation . Method:
This and the background sections will be the longest sections of the proposal. It will detail
precisely how you intend to go about achieving your research objectives. It will also justify your
choice of method in the light of those objectives. These two aims may be met by dividing your
method section into two parts: research design and data collection. This section must be well-
written and logically organized because you are not actually doing the research, yet, your
reader must have confidence that it is worth pursuing. Timescale: This will help you and
your reader to decide on the viability of your research proposal. It will be helpful if you divide
your research plan into stages. This will give you a clear idea as to what is possible in the given
timescale. Just because you don't have to actually conduct the study and analyze the results,
doesn't mean you can skip talking about the analytical process and potential implications .
Resources: This is another facet of viability. It will allow you and the reader to assess whether
what you are proposing can be resourced. Resource considerations may be categorized as
finance, data access and equipment. The conclusion reiterates the importance or significance
of your proposal and provides a brief summary of the entire study. References: It is not
necessary to try to impress your proposal reader with an enormous list of references. A few key
literature sources to which you have referred in the background section and which relate to the
previous work that is directly informing your own proposal should be all that is necessary.
references -- lists only the literature that you actually used or cited in your proposal.
Bibliography -- lists everything you used or cited in your proposal, with additional citations
to any key sources relevant to understanding the research problem.