MSE 510 – Microstructural Characterization
Techniques - Lecture 24
• Reminders:
• Final Project Deadlines – Final Paper and Presentation for ALL Groups are due
on Friday, April 24, 2020 at 11:59 PM.
• Links for uploading the paper and presentation on BB are both posted in the
“Submit Final Project Here” folder.
• Paper upload – each student must submit
• Presentation upload – only 1 student per group must submit and make sure to follow
directions for the video upload.
• Pandemic pick-me-up
• Diffraction – Introduction, Reciprocal Lattice, Structure Factor
Apr. 21, 2020 1
Remember your PPE…
Diffraction
• What aspects of materials are we interested in with respect to
diffraction?
• What can we learn from diffraction?
• What types of particles/waves are typically used for diffraction
analyses?
Recall Diffraction Experiments …
Recall Diffraction Experiments - 2 …
m
sin m 1, 2, 3, ...
W
Recall Diffraction Experiments - 3 …
One Slit
Two Slits
m
sin
d http://physics.kenyon.edu/coolphys/FranklinMiller/protected/Diffdouble.html
Diffraction in Crystals
Wavelengths of Particles and Photons
Scattering from Planes of Atoms - 1
• Consider a planar wavefront (flat wavefront and k is normal to this
wavefront)
BOOKS
DOCS
FINANCE
WALLET
CALENDAR
DRIVE
GMAIL
NEWS
PLAY
YOUTUBE
MAPS
Williams & Carter, 2013.
Scattering from Planes of Atoms - 2
• Consider a planar wavefront (flat wavefront and k is normal to this
wavefront)
BOOKS
DOCS
FINANCE
WALLET
CALENDAR
DRIVE
GMAIL
NEWS
PLAY
YOUTUBE
MAPS
Williams & Carter, 2013.
Scattering from Planes of Atoms - 3
Scattering from Planes of Atoms - 4
Reciprocal Lattice
• What is it?
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Rcprwrld2.png
Bravais Lattices
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sangals/crystosim/crystaltut.html
Construction of the Reciprocal Lattice
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice - 1
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice - 2
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice - 3
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice – 4
Calculating the Reciprocal Lattice – 5
Example of Determining Reciprocal Lattice
Visualization of X-ray Interactions with Crystal
to Produce Reciprocal Lattice
http://www.xtal.iqfr.csic.es/Cristalografia/archivos_04/reciprocal-space.gif
Notation
Williams & Carter, 2013.
How to Produce the Reciprocal Lattice from a
Given Crystal Structure? - 1
Diffraction Rules
Unit Cell Type Allowed Reflections Forbidden Reflections
Primitive Any H,K,L None
Body-centered H+K+L = 2n (even) H+K+L = 2n+1 (odd)
Face-centered H,K,L all odd or all even H,K,L mixed odd, even
FCC Diamond H,K,L all odd H,K,L mixed odd, even
H,K,L all even and H+K+L = 4n H,K,L all even and H+K+L 4n
Hexagonal (HCP) L even L odd and H+2K = 3n
H+2K 3n
Interplanar Spacing
How to Produce the Reciprocal Lattice from a
Given Crystal Structure? - 2
Why Do We Need the Structure Factor and
What Is It?
Structure Factor - 1
Structure Factor - 2
Example of Structure Factor Calculation
e2πi = e4πi = e6πi = 1
eπi = e3πi = e5πi = -1
