Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm®

Snapdragon™ 410E processor
Android Display Overview
LM80-P0436-10 Rev D
September 2016

© 2015-2016 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.

MSM and Qualcomm Snapdragon are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Other Qualcomm products referenced herein are products of
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. or its other subsidiaries.

DragonBoard, MSM, Qualcomm and Snapdragon are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other
countries. Other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

This technical data may be subject to U.S. and international export, re-export, or transfer (“export”) laws. Diversion contrary to U.S. and
international law is strictly prohibited.

Use of this document is subject to the license set forth in Exhibit 1.

Questions or comments: https://www.96boards.org/DragonBoard410c/forum

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

5775 Morehouse Drive
San Diego, CA 92121
U.S.A.

LM80-P0436-10 Rev D
Revision history
Revision Date Description
D September 2016 Update to ‘E’ part.
C June 12, 2015 Miscellaneous updates
B May 22, 2015 Updated Revision history and © date for Rev B.
A May 6, 2015 Initial release
 Contents

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Purpose .....................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Scope.........................................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Display hardware in APQ8016E Android ...................................................................................................5
1.4 Display driver in APQ8016E Android .........................................................................................................6
1.5 Acronyms, abbreviations, and terms ..........................................................................................................6
1.6 Additional information ................................................................................................................................ 7

2 System Architecture ............................................................................................................. 8

2.1 MDSS 1.0 multimedia display subsystem overview ...................................................................................8

3 Feature Overview .................................................................................................................12

3.1 Supported interfaces ................................................................................................................................ 12

4 Display and Video Processing Features ............................................................................15

5 APQ8016E Display Features ...............................................................................................16

6 Software Architecture ..........................................................................................................17

6.1 Android display subsystem ...................................................................................................................... 17
6.2 Composition ............................................................................................................................................. 17
6.3 MDSS driver software block diagram ....................................................................................................... 18

7 Source Code Layout ............................................................................................................20

7.1 Software directory structure (userspace) ................................................................................................. 20
7.2 Software directory structure (driver) ......................................................................................................... 20

8 Software Interface Structure (Userspace and Driver) .......................................................21

8.1 Support for standard IOCTLs ofAndroid................................................................................................... 21
8.2 Qualcomm added IOCTLs ....................................................................................................................... 21

EXHIBIT 1.................................................................................................................................22

Figures
Figure 2-1 Display peripheral .........................................................................................................................................9
Figure 2-2 MIPI DSI ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-3 DSI interface ............................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 3-1 Display over WiFi ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 6-1 3D core overlay engine 2D core ................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 6-2 MDSS driver architecture ............................................................................................................................ 19

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview Contents

Tables
Table 1-1 Acronyms, abbreviations, and terms ..............................................................................................................6
Table 3-1 Source Surface Processor Pipes (SSPP) .................................................................................................... 12
Table 3-2 Layer mixer, BG color, and hardware cursor ................................................................................................ 13
Table 3-3 Destination Surface Processor Pipes (DSPP) .............................................................................................. 13
Table 3-4 Rotator and WB ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 3-5 Wireless display ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Table 4-1 Scaling ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 5-1 Performance ................................................................................................................................................ 16
Table 5-2 Image processing ......................................................................................................................................... 16

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 1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose
This document will familiarize you with the Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E (APQ8016E)
Linux Android™ display, including:
 Distinction between display-related hardware and software components.
 Display capabilities and performance benefits of the Multimedia Display Sub-System
(MDSS).
 Control flow and data flow.
 Basic information on source code layout, build, and debugging.

1.2 Scope
This document provides an introduction to the Android display driver on the Qualcomm
Technologies, Inc. APQ ASICs. This document is applicable to:
 Chipset – Snapdragon 410E (APQ8016E) processor
 Platform – Linux/Android

1.3 Display hardware in APQ8016E Android

 Provides hardware-accelerated image processing using MDSS architecture.
 Up to four parallel processing pipes, two RGB pipes, one YUV pipe, and one DMA pipe.
 Supports various image processing for each video and graphics surface.
 Kicks off image data to display interface.
 MIPI DSI (in default use case Bridge chip ADV7533BCBZ converts DSI to HDMI).
 Multiple mixers allows simultaneous update to primary and WFD.
 Enhances the image quality on the screen.
 Post processing and color correction.
 Panel calibration.

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview Introduction

1.4 Display driver in APQ8016E Android

 Provides the optimized interface to access the hardware.
 SurfaceFlinger, Hardware Composer (HWC), and overlay
 Framebuffer driver
 MIPI DSI interface

1.5 Acronyms, abbreviations, and terms

Table 1-1 provides definitions for the acronyms, abbreviations, and terms used in this document.

Table 1-1 Acronyms, abbreviations, and terms

Term Definition
ABGR Alpha Blue Green Red
API Application Programming Interface
APQ Application Processor Qualcomm
ARGB Alpha Red Green Blue
BG Blue Green
BGR Blue Green Red
BGRA Blue Green Red Alpha
CABL Content Adaptive Backlight
CAF C++ Actor Framework
DMA Direct Memory Access
DSI Display Serial Interface
DSP Destination Surface Processor
DSPP Destination Surface Processor Pipes
HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer
HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface
HWC Hardware Composer
IOCTL Input/Output Control
LM Layer Mixer
LUT Look-Up Table
MDP Mobile Development Platforms
MDSS Multimedia Display Sub-System
MIPI Mobile Industry Processor Interface
MSM Mobile Station Modem
PCMN Phase control M/N
RGB Red Green Blue
RGBA Red Green Blue Alpha
SMP Simple Management Protocol
SSPP Source Surface Processor Pipes

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview Introduction

Term Definition
SVI Sunlight Visibility Improvement
WB Wide Band
WFD Wi-Fi Display

1.6 Additional information

For additional information, go to http://www.96boards.org/db410c-getting-started/.

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 2 System Architecture

2.1 MDSS 1.0 multimedia display subsystem overview

 Source Surface Processor (ViG, RGB, DMA - SSPP)
 Format conversion and quality improvement for source surfaces (video, graphics, etc.)
 Layer Mixer (LM)
 Blend and mix source surface together
 Destination Surface Processor (DSPP)
 Conversion, correction, and adjustment based on panel characteristics
 Write-Back/Rotation (WB)
 Write back to memory
 Perform rotation if required
 Display interface
 Timing generator and interface connecting the display peripheral

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview System Architecture

MDS
S VBIF/fetch

Shared memory pool

Video/graphic
processor0

Processor1
processor0

DMA0
RGB
RGB

Crossbar
LM0 LM3

DSPP0
WB0
Rotator
WB2

DSI 0 WFD

Timing Gen DSI CMD I/F

Figure 2-1 Display peripheral

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview System Architecture

Display Interface

 WFD
 

Figure 2-2 MIPI DSI

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview System Architecture

Figure 2-3 DSI interface

 The DSI controller is implemented to support the MIPI Alliance Standard for Display Serial
Interface (DSI).
 The DSI controller includes one high-speed clock lane and one or more data lanes. Each lane
is carried on two wires and uses low-voltage differential signaling.
 There are two modes of operations for DSI-compliant peripherals: Command mode and
Video mode

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 3 Feature Overview

3.1 Supported interfaces

APQ8016E supports up to two concurrent displays:
 DSI up to 1200 x 800 @ 60 fps (in default use case Bridge chip ADV7533BCBZ converts
DSI to HDMI)
 Wi-Fi display 1280 x 720 @ 30 fps
Table 3-1 Source Surface Processor Pipes (SSPP)

Feature ViG RGB DMA

Number of
1 2 1
pipes
 2s4-bit RGB (888)  24-bit RGB (888)  24-bit RGB (888)
 16-bit RGB (565)  16-bit RGB (565)  16-bit RGB (565)
 16-bit x/ARGB (4444,1555)  16-bit x/ARGB (4444 and  16-bit x/ARGB
 32-bit x/ARGB (8888) (with 1555) (4444,1555)
ARGB/RGBA/ABGR/BGRA  32-bit x/ARGB (8888)  32-bit x/ARGB (8888) (with
and RGB/BGR (with ARGB/RGBA/ABGR/BGR
permutation) ARGB/RGBA/ABGR/BGR A, and RGB/BGR
 YCbCr422 interleaved A, and RGB/BGR permutation)
(YCrYCb, YCbYCr, permutation)  YCbCr422 interleaved
CbYCrY, and CrYCbY) (YCrYCb, YCbYCr,
 AYCrCb444 interleaved CbYCrY, and CrYCbY)
 YCbCr420 pseudo planar  AYCrCb444 interleaved
(NV12 and NV21)  YCbCr420 pseudo planar
 YCbCr422 pseudo planar (NV12 and NV21)
(H1V2 and H2V1)  YCbCr422 pseudo planar
 NV12/NV21 + alpha (H1V2 and H2V1)
 YCbCr422 pseudo planar +  NV12/NV21 + alpha
alpha  YCbCr422 pseudo planar
 YCbCr420 planar + alpha
 YCbCr422 planar  YCbCr420 planar
 YCbCr422 planar
CSC Yes No No
Content
adaptive 256-bin histogram
No No
contrast 256-entry LUT
enhancement
Flip Vertical and horizontal flip

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview Feature Overview

Table 3-2 Layer mixer, BG color, and hardware cursor

Feature DragonBoard 410C support

Number of layer mixers 2
Maximum number of surfaces blended 4 + BG color + hardware cursor
Total number of pipes for blending 4 (1ViG + 2 RGB + 1 DMA)
Alpha blending Constant alpha, per pixel alpha, pre-multiplied alpha, modulation alpha.
Reverse alpha for all the above.
Alpha blending for BG color Yes
BG color generation Yes (no data fetch for BG color)
Transparency color key Source color key, destination color key, simultaneous source and
destination color key, and color key range
Arbitrary blending order Yes
Blending in linear space Yes
Blending color depth 12-bits/component
Hardware cursor size 64 x 64

Table 3-3 Destination Surface Processor Pipes (DSPP)

Feature DragonBoard 410C support

Sunlight Visibility Improvement (SVI) Global tone mapping
Content Adaptive Backlight (CABL) scaling 256-bin histogram and 256-entry LUT
Panel color correction 3 x 11 polynomial
Bit-depth for color correction 12-bits/component
Gamma correction 3-channel LUT
Picture adjustment Smooth curve, soft clip, memory, and 6-zone color adjustment
Dither 4 x 4 ordered dithering performed without panel depth reduction

Table 3-4 Rotator and WB

Feature DragonBoard 410C support

Rotator
Input format support Same as ViG
Rotation modes 90, 180, 270°
WB
Number of WBs 2 – WB0 and WB2
WB performance WB0 – 1280 x 800 @ 60 fps and WB2 – 1280 x 720 @ 30 fps

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview Feature Overview

Feature DragonBoard 410C support

WB format  24-bit RGB (888)
 16-bit RGB (565)
 16-bit x/ARGB (4444 and 1555)
 32-bit x/ARGB (8888) – With ARGB/RGBA/ABGR/BGRA and RGB/BGR
permutation
 YCbCr420 pseudo planar (NV12 and NV21)
 YCbCr422 pseudo planar (H1V2 and H2V1)
 NV12 + alpha
 YCbCr422 pseudo planar + alpha
 YCbCr420 planar
 YCbCr422 planar

Table 3-5 Wireless display

Feature DragonBoard 410C support

Number of WBs used 1 (WB2 with display processing)
WFD WB2 – 720p at 30 fps
WFD possible formats  24-bit RGB (888)
 16-bit RGB (565)
 32-bit x/ARGB or BGRx/A(8888)
 YCbCr420 pseudo planar (NV12)
Composition WB for the final composition surface and WB2 with hardware cursor

Figure 3-1 Display over WiFi

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 4 Display and Video Processing Features

Table 4-1 Scaling

Feature ViG pipe RGB pipe

Scaling Scaling ratio 1/64-20x No
(decimation for <1/4)
Upscaling filter  4-tap CAF (32 phases) No
 2-tap bilinear (32 phases)
 Nearest neighbor (32 phases)
Downscaling filter PCMN (8 phases) No
Content Adaptive Filter (CAF) – Adjust filter coefficients based on content
Phase control M/N (PCMN) – Phase control M/N. Fractional averaging filter for downscaling.

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 5 APQ8016E Display Features

Table 5-1 Performance

Features APQ8016E
Panel resolution 1200 x 800 @ 60 fps
Number of displays 2
External resolution WFD – 1280 x 720 @ 30 fps
Maximum concurrency 1200 x 800 @ 60 primary + 1280 x 720 @ 30 WFD

Table 5-2 Image processing

Item APQ8016E
Scaling 1/64 to 20x (Only VG pipe)
Composition layers 4 (1 ViG + 2 RGB + 1 DMA) + BG color + hardware cursor
SMP blocks 8 blocks of 8 KB
MDP clock 320 MHz

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 6 Software Architecture

6.1 Android display subsystem

 Android frameworks – Surface texture and SurfaceFlinger
 HALs – Overlay, graphics allocation, and hardware composer
 Primary panel interfaces – MIPI DSI
 External display – WFD
 MDP core – MDP drivers, overlay pipe management, clocks/power/performance
 Post processing and color management – CABL, color conversion, etc.

6.2 Composition

Application

HWC_FRAME
BUFFER
SurfaceFlinger Layers to be
composited
EGL/GL wrapper
Framework

HWC_FRAME HWC_OVE HWC_COP

BUFFER PLAY YBIT
Hardware
Composer HAL
Graphics Adreno libs

HWC_OVE HWC_COP
PLAY YBIT

Overlay Lib C2D Copy Bit

HALs

Frame
Copy to FB Buffer

3D Core Overlay Engine 2D Core

Copy to FB

DISPLAY
Hardware

Figure 6-1 3D core overlay engine 2D core

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview Software Architecture

6.3 MDSS driver software block diagram

 mdss_fb → Top-level IOCTL/native framebuffer interface
 mdss_mdp.c → MDP resources (clocks/irq/bus-bw/power)
 mdss_mdp_overlay → Overlay/DMA top-levelAPI
 mdss_mdp_ctl → Controls the hardware abstraction to club the (LM + DSPP + Ping-pong +
interface)
 mdss_mdp_pipe → SRC pipe related handling
 mdss_mdp_intf_cmd/mdss_mdp_intf_video/mdss_mdp_intf_writeback → MDP panel
interface relatedhandling
 mdss_mdp_pp → Postprocessing related implementation
 mdss_mdp_rotator → Rotator APIs (overlay_set/overlay_playinterface)
 mdss_mdp_pp.c → Postprocessing related material

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DragonBoard™ 410c based on Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 410E processor Android Display Overview Software Architecture

Figure 6-2 MDSS driver architecture

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 7 Source Code Layout

7.1 Software directory structure (userspace)

 SurfaceTexture – frameworks\native\libs\gui
 SurfaceFlinger – frameworks\native\services\surfaceflinger
 Overlay HAL – hardware\qcom\display\liboverlay
 Graphics alloc –hardware\qcom\display\libgralloc
 Hardware composer – hardware\qcom\display\libhwcomposer

7.2 Software directory structure (driver)

 MDSS driver – kernel\drivers\video\msm\mdss
 Source surface process
– mdss_mdp_overlay.c
– mdss_mdp_pipe.c
 Layer Mixer
 mdss_mdp_ctl.c
 Destination Surface Processor (DSP)
 mdss_mdp_intf_cmd.c
 mdss_mdp_intf_video.c
 mdss_mdp_intf_writeback.c
 mdss_mdp_rotator
 Display peripheral interface
 mdss_dsi.c
 mdss_dsi_host.c

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 8 Software Interface Structure (Userspace
and Driver)

8.1 Support for standard IOCTLs of Android

 FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO – Gets variable information of framebuffer device
 FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO – Put variable information of framebuffer device
 FBIOBLANK – Turns on/off framebuffer device (display on/off)
 FBIOPAN_DISPLAY – Updates display/framebuffer device with new image

8.2 Qualcomm added IOCTLs

 MSMFB_OVERLAY_GET – Gets overlay pipe/rotator information
 MSMFB_OVERLAY_SET – Sets parameters/allocating overlaypipe/rotator
 MSMFB_OVERLAY_UNSET – Closes pipe/rotator
 MSMFB_OVERLAY_PLAY_ENABLE – Controls overlay update
 MSMFB_OVERLAY_PLAY – Queues buffer to pipe
 MSMFB_OVERLAY_PLAY_WAIT – Waits for vsync
 MSMFB_CURSOR – Hardware cursor support
 MSMFB_SET_LUT – Gamma look up table setup for CABL
 MSMFB_HISTOGRAM – Reading histogram
 MSMFB_HISTOGRAM_START – Starting Histogram
 MSMFB_HISTOGRAM_STOP – Stopping Histogram

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