GO O GLE PR IVACY PO LICY

When you use our services, you’re trusting us with your

information. We understand that this is a big responsibility
and we work hard to protect your information and put you
in control.

T his Privacy Policy is meant t o help you underst and what informat ion we collect , why we collect it
and how you can updat e, manage, export and delet e your informat ion.

Effect ive 31 March 2020

Archived versions

We build a range of services t hat help millions of people daily t o explore and int eract wit h t he world in
new ways. Our services include:

Google apps, sit es and devices, such as Search, YouTube and Google Home

Plat forms such as t he Chrome browser and Android operat ing syst em

Product s t hat are int egrat ed int o t hird-part y apps and sit es, such as ads and embedded Google
Maps

You can use our services in a variet y of ways t o manage your privacy. For example, you can sign up for
a Google Account if you want t o creat e and manage cont ent such as emails and phot os, or t o see
more relevant search result s. And you can use many Google services when you’re signed out or
wit hout creat ing an account at all; for example, searching on Google or wat ching YouTube videos. You
can also choose t o browse t he web privat ely using Chrome in Incognit o mode. And across our
services, you can adjust your privacy set t ings t o cont rol what we collect and how your informat ion is
used.

To help explain t hings as clearly as possible, we’ve added examples, explanat ory videos and
definit ions for key t erms. And if you have any quest ions about t his Privacy Policy, you can cont act us.

INFO R MAT IO N T HAT GO O GLE CO LLECT S

We want you to understand the types of information we
collect as you use our services

We collect informat ion t o provide bet t er services t o all our users – from figuring out basic st uff such
as which language you speak, t o more complex t hings like which ads you’ll find most useful, t he
people who mat t er most t o you online or which YouTube videos you might like. T he informat ion
Google collect s, and how t hat informat ion is used, depends on how you use our services and how you
manage your privacy cont rols.

When you’re not signed in t o a Google Account , we st ore t he informat ion t hat we collect wit h unique
ident ifiers t ied t o t he browser, applicat ion or device t hat you’re using. T his helps us do t hings such as
maint ain your language preferences across browsing sessions.

When you’re signed in, we also collect informat ion t hat we st ore wit h your Google Account , which we
t reat as personal informat ion.

Things that you create or provide to us

When you creat e a Google Account , you provide us wit h personal informat ion t hat includes your name
and a password. You can also choose t o add a phone number or payment informat ion t o your
account . Even if you aren’t signed in t o a Google Account , you might choose t o provide us wit h
informat ion – like an email address t o receive updat es about our services.

We also collect t he cont ent t hat you creat e, upload or receive from ot hers when using our services.
T his includes t hings such as email you writ e and receive, phot os and videos t hat you save, docs and
spreadsheet s you creat e and comment s t hat you make on YouTube videos.

Information that we collect as you use our services

Your apps, browsers & devices

We collect informat ion about t he apps, browsers and devices t hat you use t o access Google
services, which helps us provide feat ures such as aut omat ic product updat es and dimming your
screen if your bat t ery runs low.
T he informat ion t hat we collect includes unique ident ifiers, browser t ype and set t ings, device t ype
and set t ings, operat ing syst em, mobile net work informat ion including operat or name and phone
number and applicat ion version number. We also collect informat ion about t he int eract ion of your
apps, browsers and devices wit h our services, including IP address, crash report s, syst em act ivit y,
and t he dat e, t ime and referrer URL of your request .

We collect t his informat ion when a Google service on your device cont act s our servers – for example,
when you inst all an app from t he Play St ore or when a service checks for aut omat ic updat es. If you’re
using an Android device wit h Google apps, your device periodically cont act s Google servers t o provide
informat ion about your device and connect ion t o our services. T his informat ion includes t hings such
as your device t ype, operat or name, crash report s and which apps you’ve inst alled.

Your activity

We collect informat ion about your act ivit y in our services, which we use t o do t hings like recommend
a YouTube video t hat you might like. T he act ivit y informat ion t hat we collect may include:

Terms t hat you search for

Videos t hat you wat ch

Views and int eract ions wit h cont ent and ads

Voice and audio informat ion when you use audio feat ures

Purchase act ivit y

People wit h whom you communicat e or share cont ent

Act ivit y on t hird-part y sit es and apps t hat use our services

Chrome browsing hist ory t hat you’ve synced wit h your Google Account

If you use our services t o make and receive calls or send and receive messages, we may collect
t elephony log informat ion such as your phone number, calling-part y number, receiving-part y number,
forwarding numbers, t ime and dat e of calls and messages, durat ion of calls, rout ing informat ion and
t ypes of calls.

You can visit your Google Account t o find and manage act ivit y informat ion t hat ’s saved in your
account .
 Go t o Google Account

Your location information

We collect informat ion about your locat ion when you use our services, which helps us offer feat ures
such as driving direct ions for your weekend get away or show t imes for movies playing near you.

Your locat ion can be det ermined wit h varying degrees of accuracy by:

GPS

IP address

Sensor dat a from your device

Informat ion about t hings near your device, such as Wi-Fi access point s, cell t owers and
Bluet oot h-enabled devices

T he t ypes of locat ion dat a t hat we collect depend in part on your device and account set t ings. For
example, you can t urn your Android device’s locat ion on or off using t he device’s set t ings app. You can
also t urn on Locat ion Hist ory if you want t o creat e a privat e map of where you go wit h your signed-in
devices.

In some circumst ances, Google also collect s informat ion about you from publicly accessible sources.
For example, if your name appears in your local newspaper, Google’s Search engine may index t hat
art icle and display it t o ot her people if t hey search for your name. We may also collect informat ion
about you from t rust ed part ners, including market ing part ners who provide us wit h informat ion about
pot ent ial cust omers of our business services, and securit y part ners who provide us wit h informat ion
t o prot ect against abuse. We also receive informat ion from advert isers t o provide advert ising and
research services on t heir behalf.

We use various t echnologies t o collect and st ore informat ion, including cookies, pixel t ags, local
st orage, such as browser web st orage or applicat ion dat a caches, dat abases and server logs.

W HY GO O GLE CO LLECT S DAT A

We use data to build be er services

We use t he informat ion t hat we collect from all our services for t he following purposes:

Provide our services

We use your informat ion t o deliver our services, such as processing t he t erms you search for in order
t o ret urn result s or helping you share cont ent by suggest ing recipient s from your cont act s.

Maintain & improve our services

We also use your informat ion t o ensure t hat our services are working as int ended, such as t racking
out ages or t roubleshoot ing issues t hat you report t o us. And we use your informat ion t o make
improvement s t o our services – for example, underst anding which search t erms are most frequent ly
misspelled helps us improve spell-check feat ures used across our services.

Develop new services

We use t he informat ion we collect in exist ing services t o help us develop new ones. For example,
underst anding how people organised t heir phot os in Picasa, Google’s first phot os app, helped us
design and launch Google Phot os.

Provide personalised services, including content and ads

We use t he informat ion we collect t o cust omise our services for you, including providing
recommendat ions, personalised cont ent and cust omised search result s. For example, Securit y
Check-Up provides securit y t ips adapt ed t o how you use Google product s. And Google Play uses
informat ion such as apps t hat you’ve already inst alled and videos t hat you’ve wat ched on YouTube t o
suggest new apps you might like.

Depending on your set t ings, we may also show you personalised ads based on your int erest s. For
example, if you search for 'mount ain bikes', you may see an ad for sport s equipment when you’re
browsing a sit e t hat shows ads served by Google. You can cont rol what informat ion we use t o show
you ads by visit ing your ad set t ings.
 We don’t show you personalised ads based on sensit ive cat egories, such as race, religion, sexual
orient at ion or healt h.

We don’t share informat ion t hat personally ident ifies you wit h advert isers, such as your name or
email, unless you ask us t o. For example, if you see an ad for a nearby flower shop and select t he
't ap t o call' but t on, we’ll connect your call and may share your phone number wit h t he flower
shop.

Go t o Ad Set t ings

Measure pe ormance

We use dat a for analyt ics and measurement t o underst and how our services are used. For example,
we analyse dat a about your visit s t o our sit es t o do t hings like opt imise product design. And we also
use dat a about t he ads wit h which you int eract t o help advert isers underst and t he performance of
t heir ad campaigns. We use a variet y of t ools t o do t his, including Google Analyt ics. When you visit
sit es t hat use Google Analyt ics, Google and a Google Analyt ics cust omer may link informat ion about
your act ivit y from t hat sit e wit h act ivit y from ot her sit es t hat use our ad services.

Communicate with you

We use informat ion t hat we collect , such as your email address, t o int eract wit h you direct ly. For
example, we may send you a not ificat ion if we det ect suspicious act ivit y, such as an at t empt t o sign
in t o your Google Account from an unusual locat ion. Or we may let you know about upcoming changes
or improvement s t o our services. And if you cont act Google, we’ll keep a record of your request in
order t o help solve any issues you might be facing.

Protect Google, our users and the public

We use informat ion t o help improve t he safet y and reliabilit y of our services. T his includes det ect ing,
prevent ing, and responding t o fraud, abuse, securit y risks and t echnical issues t hat could harm
Google, our users or t he public.
We use different t echnologies t o process your informat ion for t hese purposes. We use aut omat ed
syst ems t hat analyse your cont ent t o provide you wit h t hings like cust omised search result s,
personalised ads or ot her feat ures t ailored t o how you use our services. And we analyse your cont ent
t o help us det ect abuse such as spam, malware, and illegal cont ent . We also use algorit hms t o
recognise pat t erns in dat a. For example, Google Translat e helps people communicat e across
languages by det ect ing common language pat t erns in phrases t hat you ask it t o t ranslat e.

We may combine t he informat ion we collect among our services and across your devices for t he
purposes described above. For example, if you wat ch videos of guit ar players on YouTube, you might
see an ad for guit ar lessons on a sit e t hat uses our ad product s. Depending on your account set t ings,
your act ivit y on ot her sit es and apps may be associat ed wit h your personal informat ion in order t o
improve Google’s services and t he ads delivered by Google.

If ot her users already have your email address or ot her informat ion t hat ident ifies you, we may show
t hem your publicly visible Google Account informat ion, such as your name and phot o. For example,
t his helps people ident ify an email coming from you.

We’ll ask for your consent before using your informat ion for a purpose t hat isn’t covered in t his
Privacy Policy.

YO UR PR IVACY CO NT R O LS

You have choices regarding the information we collect and

how it’s used

T his sect ion describes key cont rols for managing your privacy across our services. You can also visit
t he Privacy Check-Up, which provides an opport unit y t o review and adjust import ant privacy set t ings.
In addit ion t o t hese t ools, we also offer specific privacy set t ings in our product s – you can learn more
in our Product Privacy Guide.

Go t o Privacy Check- Up

Managing, reviewing, and updating your information

When you’re signed in, you can always review and updat e informat ion by visit ing t he services you use.
For example, Phot os and Drive are bot h designed t o help you manage specific t ypes of cont ent t hat
you’ve saved wit h Google.

We also built a place for you t o review and cont rol informat ion saved in your Google Account . Your
Google Account includes:

Privacy controls

Activity Controls

Decide what t ypes of act ivit y t hat you’d like saved in your account . For example, you can
t urn on Locat ion Hist ory if you want t raffic predict ions for your daily commut e, or you can
save your YouTube Wat ch Hist ory t o get bet t er video suggest ions.

Go t o Act ivit y Cont rols

Ad se ings

Manage your preferences about t he ads shown t o you on Google and on sit es and apps
t hat part ner wit h Google t o show ads. You can modify your int erest s, choose whet her
your personal informat ion is used t o make ads more relevant t o you, and t urn on or off
cert ain advert ising services.

Go t o Ad Set t ings

About you

Cont rol what ot hers see about you across Google services.

Go t o About You

Shared endorsements

Choose whet her your name and phot o appear next t o your act ivit y, such as reviews and
recommendat ions, which appear in ads.

Go t o Shared Endorsement s

Information that you share

 If you’re a G Suit e user, cont rol wit h whom you share informat ion t hrough your account on
Google+.

Go t o Informat ion You Share

Ways to review & update your information

My Activity

My Act ivit y allows you t o review and cont rol dat a t hat ’s creat ed when you use Google
services, such as searches t hat you’ve done or your visit s t o Google Play. You can browse
by dat e and by t opic, and delet e part or all of your act ivit y.

Go t o My Act ivit y

Google Dashboard

Google Dashboard allows you t o manage informat ion associat ed wit h specific product s.

Go t o Dashboard

Your personal information

Manage your cont act informat ion, such as your name, email and phone number.

Go t o Personal Info

When you’re signed out , you can manage informat ion associat ed wit h your browser or device,
including:

Signed-out search personalisat ion: Choose whet her your search act ivit y is used t o offer you
more relevant result s and recommendat ions.

YouTube set t ings: Pause and delet e your YouTube Search Hist ory and your YouTube Wat ch
Hist ory.

Ad Set t ings: Manage your preferences about t he ads shown t o you on Google and on sit es and
apps t hat part ner wit h Google t o show ads.
Expo ing, removing & deleting your information
You can export a copy of cont ent in your Google Account if you want t o back it up or use it wit h a
service out side of Google.

Export your dat a

You can also request t o remove cont ent from specific Google services based on applicable law.

To delet e your informat ion, you can:

Delet e your cont ent from specific Google services

Search for and t hen delet e specific it ems from your account using My Act ivit y

Delet e specific Google product s, including your informat ion associat ed wit h t hose product s

Delet e your ent ire Google Account

Delet e your informat ion

And finally, Inact ive Account Manager allows you t o give someone else access t o part s of your Google
Account in case you’re unexpect edly unable t o use your account .

T here are ot her ways t o cont rol t he informat ion t hat Google collect s whet her or not you’re signed in
t o a Google Account , including:

Browser set t ings: For example, you can configure your browser t o indicat e when Google has set
a cookie in your browser. You can also configure your browser t o block all cookies from a specific
domain or all domains. But remember t hat our services rely on cookies t o funct ion properly, for
t hings such as remembering your language preferences.
 Device-level set t ings: Your device may have cont rols t hat det ermine what informat ion we
collect . For example, you can modify locat ion set t ings on your Android device.

S HAR ING YO UR INFO R MAT IO N

When you share your information

Many of our services let you share informat ion wit h ot her people, and you have cont rol over how you
share. For example, you can share videos on YouTube publicly or you can decide t o keep your videos
privat e. Remember, when you share informat ion publicly, your cont ent may become accessible
t hrough search engines, including Google Search.

When you’re signed in and int eract wit h some Google services, like leaving comment s on a YouTube
video or reviewing an app in Play, your name and phot o appear next t o your act ivit y. We may also
display t his informat ion in ads, depending on your Shared Endorsement s set t ing.

When Google shares your information

We do not share your personal informat ion wit h companies, organisat ions or individuals out side of
Google except in t he following cases:

With your consent

We’ll share personal informat ion out side of Google when we have your consent . For example, if you
use Google Home t o make a reservat ion t hrough a booking service, we’ll get your permission before
sharing your name or phone number wit h t he rest aurant . We’ll ask for your explicit consent t o share
any sensit ive personal informat ion.

With domain administrators

If you’re a st udent or work for an organisat ion t hat uses Google services (such as G Suit e), your
domain administ rat or and resellers who manage your account will have access t o your Google
Account . T hey may be able t o:

Access and ret ain informat ion st ored in your account , such as your email
 View st at ist ics regarding your account , such as how many apps you inst all

Change your account password

Suspend or t erminat e your account access

Receive your account informat ion in order t o sat isfy applicable law, regulat ion, legal process or
enforceable government al request

Rest rict your abilit y t o delet e or edit your informat ion or your privacy set t ings

For external processing

We provide personal informat ion t o our affiliat es and ot her t rust ed businesses or persons t o process
it for us, based on our inst ruct ions and in compliance wit h our Privacy Policy and any ot her
appropriat e confident ialit y and securit y measures. For example, we use service providers t o help us
wit h cust omer support .

For legal reasons

We will share personal informat ion out side of Google if we have a good-fait h belief t hat access, use,
preservat ion or disclosure of t he informat ion is reasonably necessary t o:

Meet any applicable law, regulat ion, legal process or enforceable government al request . We
share informat ion about t he number and t ype of request s t hat we receive from government s in
our Transparency Report .

Enforce applicable Terms of Service, including invest igat ion of pot ent ial violat ions.

Det ect , prevent or ot herwise address fraud, securit y or t echnical issues.

Prot ect against harm t o t he right s, propert y or safet y of Google, our users or t he public as
required or permit t ed by law.

We may share non-personally ident ifiable informat ion publicly and wit h our part ners – such as
publishers, advert isers, developers or right s holders. For example, we share informat ion publicly t o
show t rends about t he general use of our services. We also allow specific part ners t o collect
informat ion from your browser or device for advert ising and measurement purposes using t heir own
cookies or similar t echnologies.
If Google is involved in a merger, acquisit ion or sale of asset s, we’ll cont inue t o ensure t he
confident ialit y of your personal informat ion and give affect ed users not ice before personal
informat ion is t ransferred or becomes subject t o a different privacy policy.

KEEPING YO UR INFO R MAT IO N S ECUR E

We build security into our services to protect your

information

All Google product s are built wit h st rong securit y feat ures t hat cont inuously prot ect your
informat ion. T he insight s we gain from maint aining our services help us det ect and aut omat ically
block securit y t hreat s from ever reaching you. And if we do det ect somet hing risky t hat we t hink you
should know about , we’ll not ify you and help guide you t hrough st eps t o st ay bet t er prot ect ed.

We work hard t o prot ect you and Google from unaut horised access, alt erat ion, disclosure or
dest ruct ion of informat ion we hold, including:

We use encrypt ion t o keep your dat a privat e while in t ransit

We offer a range of securit y feat ures, like Safe Browsing, Securit y Check-Up and 2 St ep
Verificat ion t o help you prot ect your account

We review our informat ion collect ion, st orage and processing pract ices, including physical
securit y measures, t o prevent unaut horised access t o our syst ems

We rest rict access t o personal informat ion t o Google employees, cont ract ors and agent s who
need t hat informat ion in order t o process it . Anyone wit h t his access is subject t o st rict
cont ract ual confident ialit y obligat ions and may be disciplined or t erminat ed if t hey fail t o meet
t hese obligat ions.

EX PO R T ING & DELET ING YO UR INFO R MAT IO N

You can expo a copy of your information or delete it from

your Google Account at any time

You can export a copy of cont ent in your Google Account if you want t o back it up or use it wit h a
service out side of Google.
 Export your dat a

To delet e your informat ion, you can:

Delet e your cont ent from specific Google services

Search for and t hen delet e specific it ems from your account using My Act ivit y

Delet e specific Google product s, including your informat ion associat ed wit h t hose product s

Delet e your ent ire Google Account

Delet e your informat ion

R ET AINING YO UR INFO R MAT IO N

We ret ain t he dat a t hat we collect for different periods of t ime depending on what it is, how we use it
and how you configure your set t ings:

Some dat a you can delet e whenever you like, such as t he cont ent t hat you creat e or upload. You
can also delet e act ivit y informat ion saved in your account , or choose t o have it delet ed
aut omat ically aft er a set period of t ime.

Ot her dat a is delet ed or anonymised aut omat ically aft er a set period of t ime, such as
advert ising dat a in server logs.

We keep some dat a unt il you delet e your Google Account , such as informat ion about how oft en
you use our services.

And some dat a we ret ain for longer periods of t ime when necessary for legit imat e business or
legal purposes, such as securit y, fraud and abuse prevent ion, or financial record-keeping.

When you delet e dat a, we follow a delet ion process t o make sure t hat your dat a is safely and
complet ely removed from our servers or ret ained only in anonymised form. We t ry t o ensure t hat our
services prot ect informat ion from accident al or malicious delet ion. Because of t his, t here may be
delays bet ween when you delet e somet hing and when copies are delet ed from our act ive and backup
syst ems.
You can read more about Google’s dat a ret ent ion periods, including how long it t akes for us t o delet e
your informat ion.

CO MPLIANCE & CO O PER AT IO N W IT H R EGULAT O R S

We regularly review t his Privacy Policy and make sure t hat we process your informat ion in ways t hat
comply wit h it .

Data transfers
We maint ain servers around t he world and your informat ion may be processed on servers locat ed
out side of t he count ry where you live. Dat a prot ect ion laws vary among count ries, wit h some
providing more prot ect ion t han ot hers. Regardless of where your informat ion is processed, we apply
t he same prot ect ions described in t his policy. We also comply wit h cert ain legal frameworks relat ing
t o t he t ransfer of dat a, such as t he EU-US and Swiss-US Privacy Shield frameworks.

When we receive formal writ t en complaint s, we respond by cont act ing t he person who made t he
complaint . We work wit h t he appropriat e regulat ory aut horit ies, including local dat a prot ect ion
aut horit ies, t o resolve any complaint s regarding t he t ransfer of your dat a t hat we cannot resolve
wit h you direct ly.

AB O UT T HIS PO LICY

When this policy applies

T his Privacy Policy applies t o all of t he services offered by Google LLC and it s affiliat es, including
YouTube, Android, and services offered on t hird-part y sit es, such as advert ising services. T his
Privacy Policy doesn’t apply t o services t hat have separat e privacy policies t hat do not incorporat e
t his Privacy Policy.

T his Privacy Policy doesn’t apply t o:

T he informat ion pract ices of ot her companies and organisat ions t hat advert ise our services
 Services offered by ot her companies or individuals, including product s or sit es t hat may include
Google services, be displayed t o you in search result s, or be linked from our services

Changes to this policy

We change t his Privacy Policy from t ime t o t ime. We will not reduce your right s under t his Privacy
Policy wit hout your explicit consent . We always indicat e t he dat e when t he last changes were
published and we offer access t o archived versions for your review. If changes are significant , we’ll
provide a more prominent not ice (including, for cert ain services, email not ificat ion of Privacy Policy
changes).

R ELAT ED PR IVACY PR ACT ICES

Speci c Google services

T he following privacy not ices provide addit ional informat ion about some Google services:

Chrome & t he Chrome Operat ing Syst em

Play Books

Payment s

Fiber

Google Fi

G Suit e for Educat ion

YouTube Kids

Google Account s Managed wit h Family Link, for Children under 13 (or applicable age in your
count ry)

Voice and audio collect ion from children’s feat ures on t he Google Assist ant

Other useful resources

T he following links highlight useful resources for you t o learn more about our pract ices and privacy
set t ings:

Your Google Account is home t o many of t he set t ings you can use t o manage your account

Privacy Check-Up guides you t hrough key privacy set t ings for your Google Account

Google’s safet y cent re helps you learn more about our built -in securit y, privacy cont rols and t ools
t o help set digit al ground rules for your family online

Privacy & Terms provides more cont ext regarding t his Privacy Policy and our Terms of Service

Technologies includes more informat ion about :

How Google uses cookies

Technologies used for Advert ising

How Google uses pat t ern recognit ion t o recognise t hings such as faces in phot os

How Google uses informat ion from sit es or apps t hat use our services

Key terms

A liates

An affiliat e is an ent it y t hat belongs t o t he Google group of companies, including t he following

companies t hat provide consumer services in t he EU: Google Ireland Limit ed, Google Commerce Lt d,
Google Payment Corp and Google Dialer Inc. Learn more about t he companies providing business
services in t he EU.

Algorithm

A process or set of rules followed by a comput er in performing problem-solving operat ions.

Application data cache

An applicat ion dat a cache is a dat a reposit ory on a device. It can, for example, enable a web
applicat ion t o run wit hout an Int ernet connect ion and improve t he performance of t he applicat ion by
enabling fast er loading of cont ent .

Browser web storage

Browser web st orage enables websit es t o st ore dat a in a browser on a device. When used in 'local
st orage' mode, it enables dat a t o be st ored across sessions. T his makes dat a ret rievable even aft er
a browser has been closed and re-opened. One t echnology t hat facilit at es web st orage is HT ML 5.

Cookies

A cookie is a small file cont aining a st ring of charact ers t hat is sent t o your comput er when you visit
a websit e. When you visit t he sit e again, t he cookie allows t hat sit e t o recognise your browser.
Cookies may st ore user preferences and ot her informat ion. You can configure your browser t o refuse
all cookies or t o indicat e when a cookie is being sent . However, some websit e feat ures or services
may not funct ion properly wit hout cookies. Learn more about how Google uses cookies and how
Google uses dat a, including cookies, when you use our part ners’ sit es or apps.

Device

A device is a comput er t hat can be used t o access Google services. For example, deskt op comput ers,
t ablet s, smart speakers and smart phones are all considered devices.

Google Account

You may access some of our services by signing up for a Google Account and providing us wit h some
personal informat ion (t ypically your name, email address and a password). T his account informat ion
is used t o aut hent icat e you when you access Google services and prot ect your account from
unaut horised access by ot hers. You can edit or delet e your account at any t ime t hrough your Google
Account set t ings.

IP address
Every device connect ed t o t he Int ernet is assigned a number known as an Int ernet prot ocol (IP)
address. T hese numbers are usually assigned in geographic blocks. An IP address can oft en be used
t o ident ify t he locat ion from which a device is connect ing t o t he Int ernet .

Non-personally identi able information

T his is informat ion t hat is recorded about users so t hat it no longer reflect s or refers t o an
individually ident ifiable user.

Personal information

T his is informat ion t hat you provide t o us which personally ident ifies you, such as your name, email
address or billing informat ion, or ot her dat a t hat can be reasonably linked t o such informat ion by
Google, such as informat ion we associat e wit h your Google Account .

Pixel tag

A pixel t ag is a t ype of t echnology placed on a websit e or wit hin t he body of an email for t he purpose
of t racking cert ain act ivit y, such as views of a websit e or when an email is opened. Pixel t ags are
oft en used in combinat ion wit h cookies.

Referrer URL

A Referrer URL (Uniform Resource Locat or) is informat ion t ransmit t ed t o a dest inat ion web page by a
web browser, t ypically when you click a link t o t hat page. T he Referrer URL cont ains t he URL of t he
last web page t he browser visit ed.

Sensitive personal information

T his is a part icular cat egory of personal informat ion relat ing t o t opics such as confident ial medical
fact s, racial or et hnic origins, polit ical or religious beliefs or sexualit y.

Server logs
Like most websit es, our servers aut omat ically record t he page request s made when you visit our
sit es. T hese “server logs” t ypically include your web request , Int ernet Prot ocol address, browser t ype,
browser language, t he dat e and t ime of your request , and one or more cookies t hat may uniquely
ident ify your browser.

A t ypical log ent ry for a search for 'cars' looks like t his:

123.45.67.89 - 25/Mar/2003 10:15:32 -

http://www.google.com/search?q=cars -
Firefox 1.0.7; Windows NT 5.1 -
740674ce2123e969

123.45.67.89 is t he Int ernet Prot ocol address assigned t o t he user by t he user’s ISP. Depending
on t he user’s service, a different address may be assigned t o t he user by t heir service provider
each t ime t hey connect t o t he Int ernet .

25/Mar/2003 10:15:32 is t he dat e and t ime of t he query.

http://www.google.com/search?q=cars is t he request ed URL, including t he search query.

Firefox 1.0.7; Windows NT 5.1 is t he browser and operat ing syst em being used.

740674ce2123a969 is t he unique cookie ID assigned t o t his part icular comput er t he first t ime it
visit ed Google. (Cookies can be delet ed by users. If t he user has delet ed t he cookie from t he
comput er since t he last t ime t hey’ve visit ed Google, t hen it will be t he unique cookie ID assigned
t o t heir device t he next t ime t hey visit Google from t hat part icular device).

Unique identi ers

A unique ident ifier is a st ring of charact ers t hat can be used t o uniquely ident ify a browser, app or
device. Different ident ifiers vary in how permanent t hey are, whet her t hey can be reset by users and
how t hey can be accessed.

Unique ident ifiers can be used for various purposes, including securit y and fraud det ect ion, syncing
services such as your email inbox, remembering your preferences and providing personalised
advert ising. For example, unique ident ifiers st ored in cookies help sit es display cont ent in your
browser in your preferred language. You can configure your browser t o refuse all cookies or t o
indicat e when a cookie is being sent . Learn more about how Google uses cookies.

On ot her plat forms besides browsers, unique ident ifiers are used t o recognise a specific device or
app on t hat device. For example, a unique ident ifier such as t he Advert ising ID is used t o provide
relevant advert ising on Android devices, and can be managed in your device’s set t ings. Unique
ident ifiers may also be incorporat ed int o a device by it s manufact urer (somet imes called a
universally unique ID or UUID), such as t he IMEI-number of a mobile phone. For example, a device’s
unique ident ifier can be used t o cust omise our service t o your device or analyse device issues relat ed
t o our services.

ads that you’ll nd most useful

For example, if you wat ch videos about baking on YouTube, you may see more ads t hat relat e t o
baking as you browse t he web. We also may use your IP address t o det ermine your approximat e
locat ion, so t hat we can serve you ads for a nearby pizza delivery service if you search for 'pizza'.
Learn more about Google ads and why you may see part icular ads.

adve ising and research services on their behalf

For example, advert isers may upload dat a from t heir loyalt y-card programs so t hat t hey can bet t er
underst and t he performance of t heir ad campaigns. We only provide aggregat ed report s t o
advert isers t hat don’t reveal informat ion about individual people.

Android device with Google apps

Android devices wit h Google apps include devices sold by Google or one of our part ners and include
phones, cameras, vehicles, wearables and t elevisions. T hese devices use Google Play Services and
ot her pre-inst alled apps t hat include services such as Gmail, Maps, your phone’s camera and phone
dialler, t ext -t o-speech conversion, keyboard input and securit y feat ures.

combine the information we collect

Some examples of how we combine t he informat ion we collect include:

When you’re signed in t o your Google Account and search on Google, you can see search result s
from t he public web, along wit h relevant informat ion from t he cont ent t hat you have in ot her
Google product s, such as Gmail or Google Calendar. T his can include t hings such as t he st at us
of your upcoming flight s, rest aurant and hot el reservat ions or your phot os. Learn more

If you have communicat ed wit h someone via Gmail and want t o add t hem t o a Google Doc or an
event in Google Calendar, Google makes it easy t o do so by aut o-complet ing t heir email address
 when you st art t o t ype in t heir name. T his feat ure makes it easier t o share t hings wit h people
you know. Learn more

T he Google app can use dat a t hat you have st ored in ot her Google product s t o show you
personalised cont ent , depending on your set t ings. For example, if you have searches st ored in
your Web & App Act ivit y, t he Google app can show you news art icles and ot her informat ion about
your int erest s, for example sport s scores, based on your act ivit y. Learn more

If you link your Google Account t o your Google Home, you can manage your informat ion and get
t hings done t hrough t he Google Assist ant . For example, you can add event s t o your Google
Calendar or get your schedule for t he day, ask for st at us updat es on your upcoming flight or
send informat ion such as driving direct ions t o your phone. Learn more

customised search results

For example, when you’re signed in t o your Google Account and have t he Web & App Act ivit y cont rol
enabled, you can obt ain more relevant search result s t hat are based on your previous searches and
act ivit y from ot her Google services. You can learn more here. You may also get cust omised search
result s even when you’re signed out . If you don’t want t his level of search cust omisat ion, you can
search and browse privat ely or t urn off signed-out search personalisat ion.

deliver our services

Examples of how we use your informat ion t o deliver our services include:

We use t he IP address assigned t o your device t o send you t he dat a you request ed, such as
loading a YouTube video

We use unique ident ifiers st ored in cookies on your device t o help us aut hent icat e you as t he
person who should have access t o your Google Account

Phot os and videos you upload t o Google Phot os are used t o help you creat e albums, animat ions
and ot her creat ions t hat you can share. Learn more

A flight confirmat ion email t hat you receive may be used t o creat e a 'check-in' but t on t hat
appears in your Gmail

When you purchase services or physical goods from us, you may provide us informat ion like your
delivery address or delivery inst ruct ions. We use t his informat ion for t hings like processing,
fulfilling and delivering your order, and t o provide support in connect ion wit h t he product or
service t hat you purchase.
detect abuse

When we det ect spam, malware, illegal cont ent and ot her forms of abuse on our syst ems in violat ion
of our policies, we may disable your account or t ake ot her appropriat e act ion. In cert ain
circumst ances, we may also report t he violat ion t o appropriat e aut horit ies.

devices

For example, we can use informat ion from your devices t o help you decide which device you’d like t o
use t o inst all an app or view a movie t hat you buy from Google Play. We also use t his informat ion t o
help prot ect your account .

ensure and improve

For example, we analyse how people int eract wit h advert ising t o improve t he performance of our ads.

ensure our services are working as intended

For example, we cont inuously monit or our syst ems t o look for problems. And if we find somet hing
wrong wit h a specific feat ure, reviewing act ivit y informat ion collect ed before t he problem st art ed
allows us t o fix t hings more quickly.

information about things near your device

If you use Google’s Locat ion services on Android, we can improve t he performance of apps t hat rely
on your locat ion, such as Google Maps. If you use Google’s Locat ion services, your device sends
informat ion t o Google about it s locat ion, sensors (like acceleromet er) and nearby cell t owers and Wi-
Fi access point s (such as MAC address and signal st rengt h). All t hese t hings help t o det ermine your
locat ion. You can use your device set t ings t o enable Google Locat ion services. Learn more

legal process, or enforceable governmental request

As wit h ot her t echnology and communicat ions companies, Google regularly receives request s from
government s and court s around t he world t o disclose user dat a. Respect for t he privacy and securit y
of dat a t hat you st ore wit h Google underpins our approach t o complying wit h t hese legal request s.
Our legal t eam reviews each and every request , regardless of t ype, and we frequent ly push back
when a request appears t o be overly broad or doesn’t follow t he correct process. Find out more in our
Transparency Report .

make improvements

For example, we use cookies t o analyse how people int eract wit h our services. And t hat analysis can
help us build bet t er product s. For example, it may help us discover t hat it ’s t aking people t oo long t o
complet e a cert ain t ask or t hat t hey have t rouble finishing st eps at all. We can t hen redesign t hat
feat ure and improve t he product for everyone.

may link information

Google Analyt ics relies on first -part y cookies, which means t he cookies are set by t he Google
Analyt ics cust omer. Using our syst ems, dat a generat ed t hrough Google Analyt ics can be linked by t he
Google Analyt ics cust omer and by Google t o t hird-part y cookies t hat are relat ed t o visit s t o ot her
websit es. For example, an advert iser may want t o use it s Google Analyt ics dat a t o creat e more
relevant ads, or t o furt her analyse it s t raffic. Learn more

pa ner with Google

T here are over t wo million non-Google websit es and apps t hat part ner wit h Google t o show ads. Learn
more

payment information

For example, if you add a credit card or ot her payment met hod t o your Google Account , you can use it
t o buy t hings across our services, such as apps in t he Play St ore. We may also ask for ot her
informat ion, such as a business t ax ID, t o help process your payment . In some cases, we may also
need t o verify your ident it y and may ask you for informat ion t o do t his.

We may also use payment informat ion t o verify t hat you meet age requirement s, if, for example, you
ent er an incorrect dat e of birt h indicat ing t hat you’re not old enough t o have a Google Account . Learn
more
personalised ads

You may also see personalised ads based on informat ion from t he advert iser. If you shopped on an
advert iser’s websit e, for example, t hey can use t hat visit informat ion t o show you ads. Learn more

phone number

If you add your phone number t o your account , it can be used for different purposes across Google
services, depending on your set t ings. For example, your phone number can be used t o help you
access your account if you forget your password, help people find and connect wit h you and make
t he ads you see more relevant t o you. Learn more

protect against abuse

For example, informat ion about securit y t hreat s can help us not ify you if we t hink your account has
been compromised (at which point we can help you t ake st eps t o prot ect your account ).

publicly accessible sources

For example, we may collect informat ion t hat ’s publicly available online or from ot her public sources
t o help t rain Google’s language models and build feat ures like Google Translat e.

rely on cookies to function properly

For example, we use a cookie called ‘lbcs’ t hat makes it possible for you t o open many Google Docs in
one browser. Blocking t his cookie would prevent Google Docs from working as expect ed. Learn more

safety and reliability

Some examples of how we use your informat ion t o help keep our services safe and reliable include:

Collect ing and analysing IP addresses and cookie dat a t o prot ect against aut omat ed abuse.
T his abuse t akes many forms, such as sending spam t o Gmail users, st ealing money from
 advert isers by fraudulent ly clicking on ads or censoring cont ent by launching a Dist ribut ed Denial
of Service (DDoS) at t ack.

T he 'last account act ivit y' feat ure in Gmail can help you find out if and when someone accessed
your email wit hout your knowledge. T his feat ure shows you informat ion about recent act ivit y in
Gmail, such as t he IP addresses t hat accessed your mail, t he associat ed locat ion and t he dat e
and t ime of access. Learn more

sensitive categories

When showing you personalised ads, we use t opics t hat we t hink might be of int erest t o you based
on your act ivit y. For example, you may see ads for t hings such as 'Cooking and Recipes' or 'Air Travel'.
We don’t use t opics or show personalised ads based on sensit ive cat egories such as race, religion,
sexual orient at ion or healt h. And we require t he same from advert isers who use our services.

Sensor data from your device

Your device may have sensors t hat can be used t o bet t er underst and your locat ion and movement .
For example, an acceleromet er can be used t o det ermine your speed and a gyroscope t o figure out
your direct ion of t ravel.

servers around the world

For example, we operat e dat a cent res locat ed around t he world t o help keep our product s
cont inuously available for users.

services to make and receive calls or send and receive messages

Examples of t hese services include:

Google Hangout s, for making domest ic and int ernat ional calls

Google Voice, for making calls, sending t ext messages and managing voicemail

Google Fi, for a phone plan

show trends
When lot s of people st art searching for somet hing, it can provide useful informat ion about part icular
t rends at t hat t ime. Google Trends samples Google web searches t o est imat e t he popularit y of
searches over a cert ain period of t ime and shares t hose result s publicly in aggregat ed t erms. Learn
more

speci c Google services

For example, you can delet e your blog from Blogger or a Google Sit e you own from Google Sit es. You
can also delet e reviews t hat you’ve left on apps, games and ot her cont ent in t he Play St ore.

speci c pa ners

For example, we allow YouTube creat ors and advert isers t o work wit h measurement companies t o
learn about t he audience of t heir YouTube videos or ads, using cookies or similar t echnologies.
Anot her example is merchant s on our shopping pages, who use cookies t o underst and how many
different people see t heir product list ings. Learn more about t hese part ners and how t hey use your
informat ion.

synced with your Google Account

Your Chrome browsing hist ory is only saved t o your account if you’ve enabled Chrome
synchronisat ion wit h your Google Account . Learn more

the people who ma er most to you online

For example, when you t ype an address in t he To, Cc or Bcc field of an email you’re composing, Gmail
will suggest addresses based on t he people you cont act most frequent ly.

third pa ies

For example, we process your informat ion t o report usage st at ist ics t o right s holders about how
t heir cont ent was used in our services. We may also process your informat ion if people search for
your name and we display search result s for sit es cont aining publicly available informat ion about you.
Views and interactions with content and ads

For example, we collect informat ion about views and int eract ions wit h ads so t hat we can provide
aggregat ed report s t o advert isers, like t elling t hem whet her we served t heir ad on a page and
whet her t he ad was likely t o have been seen by a viewer. We may also measure ot her int eract ions,
such as how you move your mouse over an ad or if you int eract wit h t he page on which t he ad
appears.

your activity on other sites and apps

T his act ivit y might come from your use of Google services, for example from syncing your account
wit h Chrome or your visit s t o sit es and apps t hat part ner wit h Google. Many websit es and apps
part ner wit h Google t o improve t heir cont ent and services. For example, a websit e might use our
advert ising services (like AdSense) or analyt ics t ools (like Google Analyt ics), or it might embed ot her
cont ent (such as videos from YouTube). T hese services may share informat ion about your act ivit y
wit h Google and, depending on your account set t ings, and t he product s in use (for inst ance, when a
part ner uses Google Analyt ics in conjunct ion wit h our advert ising services), t his dat a may be
associat ed wit h your personal informat ion.

Find out more about how Google uses dat a when you use our part ners' sit es or apps.