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Basic Networking Terminology Explained

A computer network connects two or more devices to share information like emails, documents, websites, audio and video through protocols. Protocols are sets of rules that connected devices follow to communicate over the network. Common protocols include IP, FTP, SMTP and HTTP. Network reference models like OSI and TCP/IP serve as blueprints detailing how protocols should communicate. Networks can be categorized by size as LANs, MANs and WANs or by function like storage area networks and virtual private networks. In a network, connected devices called hosts can act as clients requesting information, servers providing information, or peers doing both.

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213 views1 page

Basic Networking Terminology Explained

A computer network connects two or more devices to share information like emails, documents, websites, audio and video through protocols. Protocols are sets of rules that connected devices follow to communicate over the network. Common protocols include IP, FTP, SMTP and HTTP. Network reference models like OSI and TCP/IP serve as blueprints detailing how protocols should communicate. Networks can be categorized by size as LANs, MANs and WANs or by function like storage area networks and virtual private networks. In a network, connected devices called hosts can act as clients requesting information, servers providing information, or peers doing both.

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Ali Saivi
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  • Introduction to basic Networking terminology

Introduction to basic Networking terminology

For a specific purpose if things are connected together, are referred as a NETWORK. A
network can be of many types, like a telephone network, television network, computer
network or even a people network.
Similarly, a COMPUTER NETWORK is also a kind of setup, where it connects two or
more devices to share a range of services and information in the form of e-mails and
messages, databases, documents, web-sites, audios and videoes, Telephone
calls and video conferences etc among them.
A PROTOCOL is nothing but set of defined rules, which has to be followed by every
connected devices across a network to communicate and share information among
them. To facilitates End to End communication, a number of protocols worked together
to form a Protocol Suites or Stacks.
Some basic Protocols are:
• IP : Internet Protocol
• FTP : File Transfer Protocol
• SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
The Network reference models were developed to allow products from different
manufacturers to interoperate on a network. A network reference model serves as a
blueprint, detailing standards for how protocol communication should occur.
The most widely recognized reference models are, the Open Systems
Interconnect ( OSI ) Model and Department of Defense ( DoD, also known
as TCP/IP ) model.
Network Types are often categorized by their size and functionality. According to the
size, the network can be commonly categorized into Three types.

• LANs (Local Area Networks)


• MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks)
• WANs (Wide Area Networks)
An Internetwork is a general term describing multiple networks connected together.
The Internet is the largest and most well-known internetwork.
Some networks are categorized by their function, as opposed to their size. For example:
• SAN (Storage Area Network): A SAN provides systems with high-speed, lossless
access to high-capacity storage devices.
• VPN (Virtual Private Network): A VPN allows for information to be securely sent
across a public or unsecure network, such as the Internet. Common uses of a VPN
are to connect branch offices or remote users to a main office.
In a network, any connected device is called as host. A host can serve as following ways:
• A host can acts as a Client, when he is requesting information.
• A host can acts as a Server, when he provides information.
• A host can also request and provide information, is called Peer.

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