Basics

REMAINDERS
Dividend = Quotient Divisor + Remainder
For example 63 = 12 x 5 + 3
Example: On dividing 2124 by a certain number, the quotient is 54 and the remainder is 18.
What is the divisor?
We know from the above relationship : 2124 = (Divisor x 54) + 18. Therefore Divisor = 2106/54
=39

Basics of Remainder
1) When a smaller number is divided:
Remainder When 7 is divided by 13 is 7
Remainder of is 7 93 since (7 93 ) < (9 104 )

2) Remainder when negative number is divided:

What is the remainder when (-50) is divided by 7? -50/7 = (-56 + 6)/7; which gives a
remainder of 6. Or, when we divide - 50 by 7, we get - 1 as the remainder. Now, since
remainder has to be non-negative, so we add 7 (quotient) to it which makes final
remainder as -1+7 = 6.

Negative remainder
When 45 is divided by 7, then remainder is 3. However 45 can also be written as 7 x 7 - 4 and -4
is the negative remainder. 63 = 13 x 5 -2. The remainder is -2, but we conventionally write the
remainder as a positive number.
To get the positive remainder add the negative remainder with the divisor
For example when 9987 is divided by 999, we can see that 9990 is divisible by 999, so the
negative remainder is -3, therefore the positive remainder is 999-3= 996

Remainder Theorem
The product or sum of any two or more than two natural numbers has the same remainder
when divided by any natural numbers, as the product or sum of their remainders.
Simply, remainders can be added or multiplied to get the final remainder.
When are divided by individually the respective remainders obtained are
etc., then when divided by
i. will give the same remainder as
ii. will give the same remainder as

A number x when divided by 7 leaves the remainder 2 and another number y when divided by 7
leaves a remainder 5. So the remainder when divided by 4 for:
i) (x+y) is (2+5)= 7= 0
ii) (x-y) is (2-5)= -3= 4
iii) (y-x) is (5-2)= 3

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iv) (x.y) is (2 5)= -10= 3

Examples
1) Find the remainder when is divided by 14.
Individual remainders are 13, 5, 12, sum of which is 30 which when divided by 14 gives a
remainder of 2. So the remainder is 2.

2) Find the remainder when is divided by 30.

Individual remainders are 29, 8, 17 and 26, sum of which is 80 which when divided by 30 gives a
remainder of 20. So the remainder is 20.

3) What is the remainder when 1278 + 1387 + 1479 + 1597 is divided by 19?
Individual remainders are 13, 0, 16 and 1, sum of which is 30 which when divided by 19 gives a
remainder of 11. So the remainder is 11.

4) What is the remainder when 1543 x 6788 x 9875 x 6424 is divided by 3?

Individual remainders are 1,2, 2 and 1, product of which is 4 which when divided by 3 gives a
remainder of 1. So the remainder is 1.

5) Find the remainder when is divided by 15.

Individual remainders are 12 and 8, product of which is 96 which when divided by 15 gives a
remainder of 6. So the remainder is 6.

6) Find the remainder when is divided by 25.

For 25, divided the last 2 digits of the number
Individual remainders are 8 and 1, product of which is 8 which when divided by 25 gives a
remainder of 8. So the remainder is 8.

7) What is the remainder when (1421 1423 1425) is divided by 12? (CAT 2000)
Remainder of 1421 /12 = 5
Remainder of 1423/12 = 7
Remainder of 1425/12 = 9
Remainder (1421 1423 1425)/12= Remainder (5 7 9)/12 = 3

8) Find the remainder when is divided by 16.

Individual remainders are 15, 13, 11 and 9, which can also be written as (-1, -3, -5 and -7)
product of which is 105 which when divided by 16 gives a remainder of 9. So the remainder is 9.

9) What is the remainder when (1111+1112+1113….1199) is divided by 15?

Remainder when 1111 is divided by 15 is 1, so remainder when 1112, 1113, 1114…1119 is
divided by 15 will be 2, 3, 4…
Sum of the remainders= 1+ 2+3..89=

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4005 when divided by 15 gives a remainder of 0

Therefore remainder is 0

When an is divided by d
Extending this concept, if the remainder when a is divided by d is R 1, then the remainder when
an is divided by d is (R1)n

Examples:
1) Find the remainder when is divided by 4.
Remainder when 7 is divided by 4 is 3
Therefore remainder when is same as when
Remainder when 3 is divided by 4 is 3 or -1
Therefore remainder when is
Since the divisor is 4, therefore is the negative remainder is -1 then the positive remainder is 3
Thus the required remainder is 3

2) What is the remainder when is divided by 6?

The remainder when 10 is divided by 6 is 4
The remainder when 100 is divided by 6 is same as when 42 is divided by 6 i.e. 4
The remainder when 1000 is divided by 6 is same as when 43 is divided by 6 i.e. 4
The remainder when 10000 is divided by 6 is same as when 44 is divided by 6 i.e. 4
The remainder when 100000 is divided by 6 is same as when 45 is divided by 6 i.e. 4
So the required remainder can be obtained by dividing by 6. Thus the
required remainder is 2

3) What is the remainder when 361001 is divided by 7?

Remainder when 36 is divided by 7 is 1
So remainder when 361001 is divided by 7 is 11001 = 1

4) What is the remainder when 6810 is divided by 11?

Remainder when 68 is divided by 11 is 2
So remainder when 6810 is divided by 11 is 210
210 = 1024; when 1024 is divided by 11, the remainder is 1

The method of 1
1) will always give 1 as the remainder.
2) When N is even, remainder is (-1)N so, remainder is 1 when N is even and when N is
odd, remainder is A itself.

When an is divided by b: Try to find ax such that when ax is divided by b the remainder is 1 or -1
(i.e. b-1) and then write an in terms of ax and divide by b

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Example: what is the remainder when 3103 is divided by 11.

35 =243 when divided by 11 leaves a remainder of 1
3103 =
Remainder when is divided by 11 is 1
Remainder when is divided by 11 = 5
So remainder when 3103 is divided by 11 is 1 x 5= 5

Examples:
1) What is the remainder when 9100 is divided by 8?
Remainder when 9 is divided by 8 is 1, therefore remainder = 1
2) What is the remainder when 210 is divided by 3?
Remainder when 2 is divided by 3 is -1, Remainder = -110 =1
3) Find the remainder when is divided by 4.
Remainder
Thus the remainder is 0.

4) Find the remainder of

4
7 = 2401
Remainder when 2401 is divided by 60 = 1
Remainder
( )
=
=
Remainder = 1 x 43
Thus the remainder is 43.

5) The remainder when is divided by 78 is :

( )
The remainder of [ ] is 5.

Since gives remainder when is odd.

6) The remainder of is :
( )
As given
Therefore the remainder is -1 or 26

7) The remainder when is divided by 82 :

gives remainder -1.

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Thus will also give the remainder 1 since 101 i.e. EVEN so -1even = 1

8) The remainder of is :
2
11 = 121
121 when divided by 61 gives a remainder of -1
1159! = 114k = 112x2k
Therefore remainder when 1159! Is divided by 61 is -1even = 1

9) What is the remainder when 5101 is divided by 31?

Remainder when 53 is divided by 31 is 1
So remainder when is divided by 31 is 133 =1
5101 = x 52
Remainder when 52 is divided by 31 is 25
So remainder when 5101 is divided by 31 = 1 x 25 = 25

10) Find the remainder when is divided by 9.

Remainder of is same as remainder of
3
When 4 (=64) is divided by 9, the remainder is 1
Therefore 43k when divided by 9 will give a remainder of 1
460 = 43x20 , therefore remainder is 1
Thus the final remainder is 1

11) Find the remainder when is divided by 7.

As given,
Remainder when (8) is divided by 7 is 1.
Remainder when is divided by 7= =1
Therefore remainder of
Thus the final remainder is 2.

12) The remainder of is :

As given,
Since 888 and 222 both (bases) are divisible by 3.

13) The remainder of is :

As given,
=

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=
( ) ( )
=
=
=
Thus the remainder is zero.
Alternatively : [To check the divisibility by 5 just see the sum of the unit digits which is

Therefore
and
Hence it is divisible. So there is no remainder

When there is a common factor

Fraction cannot be changed for example remainder of 2/4 is 2, you cannot convert 2/4 as ½ and
find the remainder as 1.
Remainder of (38/12) is 2, you cannot convert (38/12) as (19/6) and find the remainder as 1

When ab is divided by c and a and c have a common factor, divide both numerator and
denominator by the common factor and find the remainder. Now multiply this remainder with
the common factor.

Examples:
1) Find the remainder of .
4 4
Here 324 = 3 x 4. So 3 is the common factor between the numerator and denominator. After
dividing both by 34, the expression is
Remainder when 9 is divided by 4 is 1
So remainder 94 is divided by 4 is 1
So remainder when 274 is divided by 324 is 1 x 34 = 81

2) What is the remainder if 630 is divided by 40?

630 6  6  6  627 27  627
  . Do remember that the numerator and denominator have been
40 8 5 5
divided by 8. This aspect will have to be adjusted later to get the correct answer.
Now the remainder when 27 is divided by 5 is 2 and when 627 is divided by 5 is 1. Hence the
remainder when 27 × 627 is divided by 5 is 2 × 1 = 2.
The correct answer to the remainder when 630 is divided by 40 is 2 × 8 = 16

3) What is the remainder when 630 is divided by 16?

Obviously 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 ×… is divisible by 8 and hence the remainder will be zero.

Basics ABS Classes 6