Service Manual: Series 45 Frame G Open Circuit Axial Piston Pumps
Service Manual: Series 45 Frame G Open Circuit Axial Piston Pumps
Service Manual
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Overview This manual includes information for the installation, maintenance, and minor repair of
the Series 45 frame G open circuit axial piston pumps. The manual includes a description
of the units and their individual components, troubleshooting information, and minor
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repair procedures. Performing installation, maintenance, and minor repair of Series 45 G
Frame axial piston pumps according to the procedures in this manual will not affect your
warranty.
Performing minor repairs requires the unit to be removed from the vehicle/machine.
Thoroughly clean the unit before beginning maintenance, or repair activities. Since dirt
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and contamination are the greatest enemies of any type of hydraulic equipment, follow
cleanliness requirements strictly. This is especially important when changing the system
filter and when removing hoses or plumbing.
Safety precautions Always consider safety precautions before beginning a service procedure. Protect
yourself and others from injury. Take these general precautions whenever servicing a
hydraulic system.
Some cleaning solvents are flammable. To avoid possible fire, do not use cleaning
solvents in an area where a source of ignition may be present.
Use caution when dealing with hydraulic fluid under pressure. Relieve pressure in the
system before removing hoses, fittings, gauges, or components. Never use your hand
or any other body part to check for leaks in a pressurized line. Seek medical attention
immediately if you are cut by hydraulic fluid.
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Personal safety
Warning
Protect yourself from injury. Use proper safety equipment, including safety glasses, at all
times.
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Symbols used in These symbols are in the illustrations and text of this manual. They communicate helpful
Sauer-Danfoss information at the point where it is most useful to the reader.
literature
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In most instances, the appearance of the symbol itself denotes its meaning. The legend
below defines the symbol and explains its purpose.
Torx head
Pressure measurement / gauge
O-ring boss port location or specification
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General description Sauer-Danfoss Series 45 G Frame open circuit piston pumps convert input torque into
hydraulic power. Rotational force is transmitted through the input shaft to the cylinder
block. The input shaft is supported by tapered roller bearings at the front and rear of
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the pump and is splined into the cylinder block . A lip-seal at the front end of the pump
prevents leakage where the shaft exits the pump housing. The spinning cylinder block
contains nine reciprocating pistons. Each piston has a brass slipper connected at one end
by a ball joint. The slippers are held to the swashplate by the spring retainer and block
spring. The block spring also holds the cylinder block to the valve plate. The reciprocating
movement of the pistons occurs as the slippers slide against the inclined swashplate
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during rotation. One half of the cylinder block is connected to pump inlet and the other
half to pump outlet, via the valve plate. As each piston cycles in and out of its bore, fluid
is drawn from the inlet and displaced to the outlet thereby imparting power into the
system circuit. A small amount of fluid is allowed to “leak” from the cylinder block / valve
plate and slipper / swashplate interfaces for lubrication and cooling. Case drain ports are
provided to return this fluid to the reservoir.
The volume of fluid displaced into the system circuit is controlled by the angle of the
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swashplate. The swashplate is forced into an inclined position (into stroke) by the bias
piston and spring. The servo piston opposes the action of the bias piston and spring
forcing the swashplate out of stroke when hydraulic pressure in the control circuit rises
above the spring force.
The pump control, by varying the pressure at the servo piston, controls the displacement
of fluid in the system circuit. Controls designed for Pressure Compensation (PC) or
Load Sensing (LS) are available. For a detailed description of control operation, refer to
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Control options, operation, page 13.
PC spool PC adjustment
Displacement piston
Swashplate
Tapered roller
bearing
Cylinder
block
spring
Tapered
roller Input shaft
bearing
Slipper
Piston
Bias piston
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Bias spring
Bias piston guide
P104 002E
System circuit The pump receives fluid directly from the reservoir through the inlet line. A screen
placed in the inlet protects the pump from large contaminants. The output of the pump
is directed to a PVG-32 multi-section load sensing directional control valve which directs
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fluid to the actuators in the system. Fluid returning from the system is cooled by a heat
exchanger and cleaned by a filter before returning to the reservoir.
The speed of the actuators in the system depends on the volume of fluid being provided
by the pump. The operating pressure varies depending on actuator load, but is limited to
an adjustable maximum setting by the PC section of the pump control and by a system
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relief valve integrated into the side module of the PVG valve.
The position of the PVG valve sets the demand for flow in the system and communicates
this to the pump control by means of a hydraulic signal (load sense signal). The pump will
provide as much flow to the system as it demands1 while limiting the maximum pressure.
Therefore flow and pressure in the system are compensated to meet requirements.
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Pictorial circuit diagram
Double-acting cylinder
G Frame Series 45
open circuit axial
piston pump with
load sensing control
PVG 32
mulit-section
load
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sensing
control
valve
Bi-directional
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gear motor
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System pressure
Servo pressure
Heat exchanger
Actuator pressure
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Reservoir Filter
Load sense pressure
Actuator return
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Full available flow is a function of pump displacement, operating speed, and efficiency. Refer to Series 45 Axial
Piston Open Circuit Pumps Technical Information, 520L0519 for details.
Control options
PC: Pressure Compensator
LS: Load Sensing (with PC)
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Port options
Inlet and system ports: SAE flanged ports, code 61 Inlet Code 62 outlet.
Axial (end) ports or radial (side) ports.
Direction of rotation
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Clockwise or counterclockwise.
Installation position
Installation position is discretionary. To satisfy inlet pressure conditions, it is
recommended that the pump always be located below the lowest level of hydraulic fluid
in the reservoir. The housing must always be filled with hydraulic fluid.
Technical specifications
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Features and options Model
Feature Unit G74B G90C
Maximum Displacement cm³ [in³] 74 [4.52] 90 [5.49]
Flow at rated speed (theoretical) l/min 177.6 198
[US gal/min] [46.9] [52.3]
Input torque at maximum displacement N•m/bar 1.178 1.432
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1. Input speeds are valid at 1 bar absolute [0 in Hg vac] inlet pressure. See Inlet pressure vs. speed charts.
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Hydraulic Inlet pressure
parameters Minimum pressure, continuous = 0.8 bar absolute [6.7 inch Hg vac]
(at reduced maximum pump speed)
Minimum pressure, cold start = 0.5 bar absolute [15.1 inch Hg vac]
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Pressure compensator valve setting
Case pressure
Maximum continuous: 0.5 bar [7 psi] Above inlet
Intermittent: 2 bar [29 psi] Cold start
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Hydraulic fluid
Refer to Sauer-Danfoss publication Fluids and Filtration BLN-9887 or 520L0463.
For information on biodegradable fluids refer to Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluids,
520L0465. See Fluid and filter maintenance, page 17 for recommended fluid and filter
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change intervals.
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Filtration
Required cleanliness level: ISO 4406 Class 18/13 or better. Refer to Sauer-Danfoss
publications Fluids and Filtration BLN-9887 or 520L0463 and Design Guidelines for
Selecting and Maintaining the Required Hydraulic Fluid Cleanliness 520L0465. See Fluid and
filter maintenance, page 17 for recommended fluid and filter change intervals.
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1
Hydraulic fluid viscosity must be maintained within the prescribed limits.
2
As measured at the hottest point in the system, e.g. drain line.
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Input shafts Series 45 G Frame pumps are available with a variety of splined and straight keyed shafts.
For information on shafts refer to Series 45 Axial Piston Open Circuit Pumps Technical
Information 520L0519.
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Control options The Series 45 Frames G have two possible control options, a Load Sensing (LS) control
with Pressure Compensator (PC) or a PC only control.
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Operation Cross-section pump
General
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The bias piston and spring (1) acts at
all times to push the swashplate (2) to
maximum angle causing the pump to
stroke. The servo piston (3) acts against
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the bias piston and spring to reduce
the swashplate angle causing the
pump to destroke. Swashplate angle
determines pump outlet flow. The pump
control, depending on conditions in the
system circuit, sets swashplate angle
by metering system pressure to the
servo piston. 2 P106 068E
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Bias spring and servo piston set swashplate
position
Because the swashplate is biased to maximum angle, the pump attempts to deliver
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full flow to the hydraulic system. When the flow being delivered exceeds demand, the
pressure delta across the ECV is great enough to overcome spring force and shift the
LS spool porting system pressure to the servo piston. The pump de-strokes reducing
flow until the delta across the ECV becomes equal to the LS setting. When flow being
delivered is less than demand, the delta across the ECV drops below the LS setting and
the LS spring shifts the spool connecting the servo piston to pump case. The pump
strokes increasing flow until the delta across the ECV becomes equal to the LS setting.
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When the external control valve is placed in neutral, it connects the LS signal line to
drain. With no LS pressure acting on the non-spring end of the LS spool, the pump
adjusts stroke to whatever position necessary to maintain system pressure at the LS
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Because of the series arrangement of the LS and PC spools, the PC spool will override
the LS spool. If at any time system pressure reaches the PC setting, the PC spool will shift
blocking the passage that connects the LS spool with the servo piston, thus porting
system pressure to the servo piston causing the pump to destroke.
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Required tools The service procedures described in this manual can be performed using common
mechanic’s hand tools. Special tools, if required are shown. Calibrate pressure gauges
frequently to ensure accuracy. Use snubbers to protect gauges.
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Port locations and The illustration below shows gauge port locations. Recommended pressure gauges and
gauge installation fittings are in the table.
S B
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M2
L1 L2 Legend
M4
B = Main pressure line
S = Suction line
L1, L2 = Case drain lines
X = Load sensing pressure port
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*Same pressure
P106 072E
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General Follow this procedure when starting-up a new Series 45 installation or when restarting
an installation in which the pump has been removed.
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Warning
Unintended movement of the machine or mechanism may cause injury to the technician
or bystanders. To protect against unintended movement, secure the machine or
disable / disconnect the mechanism while servicing.
Prior to installing the pump, inspect for damage incurred during shipping. Make certain
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all system components (reservoir, hoses, valves, fittings, heat exchanger, etc.) are clean
prior to filling with fluid.
Start-up procedure 1. Connect the pump to the prime mover. Ensure that pump shaft is properly aligned
with the shaft of the prime mover.
CAUTION
Incorrect shaft alignment 2. Fill the reservoir with recommended hydraulic fluid. Always filter fluid through a 10
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may result in damage micron filter pouring into the reservoir. Never reuse hydraulic fluid.
to drive shaft, bearings,
or seal which can cause 3. Fill the main pump housing with clean hydraulic fluid. Pour filtered oil directly into
external oil leakage. the upper most case drain port.
4. Fill the inlet line leading from the pump to the reservoir. Check the inlet line for
properly tightened fittings. Be certain it is free of restrictions and air leaks.
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5. To ensure the pump stays filled with oil, install the case drain line in the upper most
case drain port.
Follow recommendations in the vehicle / machine operator’s manual for prime mover
start up procedures.
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7. While watching the pressure gauge installed at M1 or M2, jog the prime mover
or run at the lowest possible speed until system pressure builds to normal levels
(minimum 11 bar [160 psi]). Once system pressure is established, increase to full
operating speed. If system pressure is not maintained, shut down the prime mover,
determine cause, and take corrective action. Refer to Troubleshooting, page 17.
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8. Operate the hydraulic system for at least fifteen minutes under light load conditions.
10. Shut down the prime mover and remove the pressure gauge. Replace plug at port M1
or M2.
11. Check the fluid level in the reservoir; add clean filtered fluid if necessary.
Recommendations To ensure optimum life of Series 45 products, perform regular maintenance of the fluid
and filter. Contaminated fluid is the main cause of unit failure. Take care to maintain fluid
cleanliness when servicing.
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Check the reservoir daily for proper fluid level, the presence of water, and rancid fluid
odor. Water in the fluid may be noted by a cloudy or milky appearance or free water
in the bottom of the reservoir. Rancid odor indicates the fluid has been exposed to
excessive heat. Change the fluid immediately if these conditions occur. Correct the
problem immediately.
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Change the fluid and filter per the Fluid and filter change interval
vehicle / machine manufacturer’s Reservoir type Maximum change interval
recommendations or at these intervals: Sealed 2000 hours
Breather 500 hours
Change the fluid more frequently if it
becomes contaminated with foreign
matter (dirt, water, grease, etc.) or if the fluid is subjected to temperature levels greater
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than the recommended maximum.
Change filters whenever the fluid is changed or when the filter indicator shows that it is
necessary to change the filter. Replace all fluid lost during filter change.
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cavitation which can Inspect inlet screen. Clean screen / remove blockage.
damage internal pump causes high inlet vacuum.
components. Too many fittings, bends, or long Eliminate fittings to make path
Check inlet piping.
piping causes high inlet vacuum. more direct.
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PC control PC setting is indicated in the pump model code. Refer to the Series 45 Open Circuit Axial
Piston Pumps Technical Information Manual, 520L0519, for more information.
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Warning Before performing adjustments, read page 14, Pressure measurement.
Escaping hydraulic fluid
under pressure can
have sufficient force 1. Install a pressure gauge in port M1 PC control adjustment
to penetrate your skin or M2 to measure system pressure. Case drain port L1
causing serious injury Install a pressure gauge in case G 0 - 10 bar [0 - 145 psi]
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and/or infection. Relieve drain port L1 or L2 to measure case I 3/8 in LS adjusting plug
pressure in the system pressure. C B 7/8-14 I6 mm
before removing hoses, t 54 - 136 N•m
fittings, gauges, or 2. Start the prime mover and allow [40 - 100 lbf•ft]
LS set screw
components. fluid to reach normal operating
I 4 mm
temperature. Operate a hydraulic
t 7.5 - 10.8 N•m
Unintended movement of function to its full extension, loading
[5.5 - 8 lbf•ft]
the machine or mechanism the pump at maximum pressure and
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may cause injury to the zero flow.
technician or bystanders. X Port
To protect against 3. Loosen the PC set screw and turn the G 0-300 bar
unintended movement, PC adjusting plug until the desired [0-5000 psi]
secure the machine or setting is indicated on the pressure I 3/16 in
disable / disconnect gauge at port M1 or M2 . Clockwise B 7/16-20
the mechanism while rotation increases pressure, t 13-27 N•m
servicing. counterclockwise rotation decreases; [10-20 lbf•ft]
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approximate gain 42 bar [610 psi]
P106 069E
per turn.
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P C setting is referenced to case pressure. Subtract case pressure from system pressure to compute the actual
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setting.
LS control The LS setting is indicated in the pump model code. Refer to the Series 45 Open Circuit
Axial Piston Pumps Technical Information Manual, 520L0519, for more information.
Warning
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Escaping hydraulic fluid Before performing adjustments, read page 15, Pressure measurement.
under pressure can
have sufficient force 1. Install a pressure gauge in port M1
to penetrate your skin or M2 to measure system pressure. LS control adjustment
causing serious injury Install a pressure gauge in drain port Case drain port L1
and/or infection. Relieve L1 or L2 to measure case pressure. G 0 - 10 bar [0 - 145 psi]
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pressure in the system Tee-in a gauge to the LS / remote PC I 3/8 in LS adjusting plug
before removing hoses, signal line (port X). C B 7/8-14 I6 mm
fittings, gauges, or t 54 - 136 N•m
components. 2. Start the prime mover and allow fluid [40 - 100 lbf•ft]
LS set screw
to reach normal operating temperature.
I 4 mm
Unintended movement of Slowly operate a hydraulic function
t 7.5 - 10.8 N•m
the machine or mechanism that will demand approximately half
[5.5 - 8 lbf•ft]
may cause injury to the flow from the pump, but keep system
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technician or bystanders. pressure below the PC set point.
To protect against X Port
unintended movement, 3. Loosen the LS set screw. While G 0-300 bar
secure the machine or watching the pressure gauges, [0-5000 psi]
disable / disconnect turn the LS adjusting plug until I 3/16 in
the mechanism while the desired pressure differential B 7/16-20
servicing. between port M1 or M2 and t 13-27 N•m
port X is achieved1. Clockwise [10-20 lbf•ft]
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Caution rotation increases the setting,
P106 069E
Contamination can counterclockwise rotation
damage internal will decrease it; approximate
components and void the gain = 17 bar [250 psi] per turn. Gauge port M2
manufacturer’s warranty. G 0 - 300 bar [0 - 4351 psi]
Take precautions to ensure 4. While holding the position of the I 3/16 in
system cleanliness when LS adjusting plug, torque the LS set B 7/16-20
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removing and reinstalling screw to 7.5 - 10.8 N•m [5.5-8 lbf•ft]. t 34-68 N•m
system lines. [25-50 lbf•ft]
5. Operate a hydraulic function to its
full extension loading the pump at
Adjusting plug, set screw, and gauge
maximum pressure and zero flow.
locations shown
If the pressure does not 6. Loosen the PC set screw and turn the
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increase, an external PC adjusting plug until the desired setting is indicated on the pressure gauge at port
system relief valve may M1 or M22. Clockwise rotation increases pressure, counterclockwise rotation decreases
require adjustment. it; approximate gain = 42 bar [610 psi] per turn.
External system relief
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valve must be set above 7. While holding the position of the PC adjusting plug, torque the PC set screw to
the PC setting for proper 7.5 - 10.8 N•m [5.5-8 lbf•ft].
operation.
8. Stop the prime mover, remove the pressure gauges, and return the system to its
normal operating configuration.
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The LS setting is a differential pressure. Subtract pilot pressure at port X from system pressure at port M2 to
compute the actual setting.
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PC setting is referenced to case pressure. Subtract case pressure from system pressure to compute the actual
setting.
Shaft seal The Series 45 open circuit variable pumps use a lip-type shaft seal. You can replace this
replacement seal without major disassembly of the unit. Replacing the shaft seal requires removing
the pump from the machine.
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Removal
1. Using the appropriate snap-ring Shaft seal and retaining ring
pliers, remove the retaining ring
(K010) from the housing. K010
lpd
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C Caution 2. Remove the shaft seal (K020) from
Don’t damage the pump the bore in the pump housing and K020
b
housing or shaft. discard. C
Caution 6. Keeping the seal perpendicular to the shaft, press the new seal into the housing just
Premature bearing failure far enough to clear the retaining ring groove. Install seal with the cupped side
can result if the shaft seal toward the shaft bearing. Do not damage the seal during installation.
contacts the shaft bearing.
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Press the seal into the 7. Using the appropriate snap ring pliers, install the seal retaining ring.
housing only far enough
to clear the retaining ring 8. Remove the installation sleeve.
groove.
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Auxiliary pads You may install auxiliary mounting pads on pumps equipped with through-drive radial
ported end caps. Follow these steps to either remove, replace, or exchange auxiliary
mounting pads.
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Removal
1. Remove the screws (J130), retaining the cover plate (J110) or auxiliary pump (not
shown). Remove the shipping cover or auxiliary pump and its seal (J120).
Installation
4. Lubricate new O-ring (J090) with petroleum jelly. Install the pad adapter to the
endcap.
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5. Install the 4 screws (J100 ) and torque to 47.5 - 61 N•m [35 - 45 lbf•ft].
J090 dg
J095
J140
J080
J120 J095
J080
J100
I10 mm J140
J090 dg
t47.5 - 61 N•m
J110 J095
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[35 - 45 lbf•ft]
J120
J130 J110 J080
h3/4 inch
t91 - 111 N•m J100 J140
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P106 029E
J120
J110
J130
h3/4 inch
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dC118A
6. Remove the LS set screw (C102), dC118B
LS adjusting plug (C118), O-ring iC118
(C118A), back‑up rings (C118B),
springs (C114, C115), and seat (C113). LS control shown; parts C104 through C106 and
Discard the C118A O-ring. C112 through C118 are not used on PC control
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7. Remove the C104 plug, C104A O-ring, and C112 LS spool from the control housing;
discard the O-ring. Note orientation of the spool for reassembly.
Inspection
8. Inspect the adjusting plugs for wear at the tips and where they contact the seat;
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replace as necessary.
9. Inspect the springs and spring guides for wear or damage; replace as necessary.
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10. Carefully inspect the spools. Ensure the sealing lands are free of nicks and scratches.
Check the ends that contact the spring guides for wear. Replace spools as necessary.
11. Inspect the control housing for damage. Check the spool bores for excessive wear.
12. Clean all parts and lubricate spools, springs, guides and new O-rings with clean
hydraulic fluid.
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18. Using petroleum jelly to retain them, install the 4 interface O-rings (C200) in the
recesses on the control housing.
19. Install the control assembly onto the endcap using the 4 screws (C300). Torque the
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screws to 5.4 - 7.5 N•m [4 - 5.5 lbf•ft]. Torque screws in a criss-cross pattern and re-
torque the first screw to ensure proper torque retention.
20. Check and adjust the control setting. See Adjustments, page 21.
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Plug and fitting sizes If any plugs or fittings are removed from the unit during service, install and torque as
and torques indicated here. This drawing is a composite. Your configuration may differ but here is the
appropriate wrench size and torque:
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Plug locations, sizes, and torques
K130
K120 B 7/8 inch
B 7/16 inch I 3/8 inch
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I 3/16 inch t 93 N•m
t 10.8-13.5 N•m [70 lbf•ft]
[8-10 lbf•ft]
J020
J040
B 7/16 inch
I 3/16 inch
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t 10.8-13.6 N•m
[8-10 lbf•ft]
L020
B 1-3/16 inch
h 1-3/8 inch
t 176-244 N•m
[130-180 lbf•ft]
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P106 071E
J040
B 7/16 inch
K120
I 3/16 inch
B 7/16 inch
t 10.8-13.6 N•m
I 3/16 inch
[8-10 lbf•ft]
t 10.8-13.5 N•m
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Local address:
Comatrol
www.comatrol.com
Schwarzmüller-Inverter
www.schwarzmueller-inverter.com
Sauer-Danfoss (US) Company Sauer-Danfoss ApS
2800 East 13th Street DK-6430 Nordborg, Denmark
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Hydro-Gear
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www.sauer-danfoss.com
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