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3
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8
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9
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11
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12
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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tjcmrsm;udkawmh NrdKUpm;wkdY&JUta&miftaqmif tqifhtwef;avmufom csD;jr§ifhw,f
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13
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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Munfhawmh]]jyLapmxD;}}[m &Srf;vlrsKd;qkd&ifvJ tawmfuav;ckdifvkHygw,fuG,f/ olY
vufxufrSm yk*Hjynf[m tawmfbJwkd;wufBuD;yGm;w,fwJhuGJU/ ol&JUaumif;rIawmf
bk&m;awGvJ wnfxm;ukd;uG,fxm;'g tckxufxd yk*HrSm &Sdao;w,fuGJY/
uJ...'gjzifh yif;,NrdKUudkwnfwJh&Srf;bk&ifoD[oltaMumif; qufajymygtkH;
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at;at;...'geJY ]]yif;,}}pH&Srf;bk&ifoD[ol[m ewf&GmpHa&mayghuG,f/ wkdwkd

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14
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

BuD;us,fus,fawmif csD;ajr§mufao;w,fuGJY/
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rSm pkd;rkd;tkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfwJh rkd;aumif;NrdKUukd;odef;ocif&Srf;bk&if]]okd[HbGm;}}&JUnDawmf
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tumavmufyJ ,lyghr,fwJh - 'Dawmh ]]okd[HbGm;}}&JUnDawmf ]]okdcsOfbGm;}}u ppf
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15
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

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awmh oem;yD; waeYMuawmh crnf;awmfwpD;&SifoD[olqDrSm ]]apm,Grf;}}vJ oem;
bkdYaumif;ygw,f/ ol[m rif;aoG;rppfayrJh ruif;ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh aumifuav;
ukdvJ NrdKU&GmuHa<u;ay;oem;awmfrlygvkdY avQmufxm;Muawmh/ /wpD;&SifoD[olu
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16
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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17
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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tm;xm;rIudk cHMu&w,fuGJY/ ]]okd[HbGm;}}vkd r[kwfbl;/
&Srf;&,fç Arm&,fvkdY cGJjcm;wJhpdwfr&Sdbl;ayghaemfbkd;bkd;/ w&m;tnD udkufnD
atmif tkyfcsKyf&ifawmh ]]&Srf;&,f}} ]]Arm&,f}}rcGJjcm;bl;qkd'g yif;,wkdY tif;0wkdY
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qufajymtkH;r,fuGJY/ 'geJY ouú&mZf]]734}}ckESpf ]]rkd;n§if;}}&Srf;rif;u xdyg;vmawmh
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rif;acgif}}...jzpfrJholayghuG,f/ /tJ....'DvkdeJY armifv,fESrv,fqufoG,faygufyGm;yD;
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18
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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wkdufzsufawmfvSefaeMuyDr[wfvm;-bkd;bkd;&JU/
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u&Sr;f tbk;d BuD;qdak wmh tjrifbrJ rSev f Ydk bv
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wJhe,fukd wbufu awmfvSefqefYusifyD; atmifjrif'geJYwNydKifeuf tJ'De,fcsJUqefY
usifa&;vkyaf ewJh vlwpk[m e,fcsJUorm;b0ukd tvkv d jdk zpfomG ;rSmbJvYdk bk;d bk;d awmh
xif'gbJuGJY/

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19
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

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20
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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awGawmh aemufrSbJ ajym'gayghuG,f/ tckajym'guawmh &Srf;vlrsKd;&JUorkdif;eJYArm
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21
 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

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cJhavonf/ xkd]]uarÁmZ}}&GmeD&Srf;wkdY\jynfukd e,faygif;]]33}}e,ftm;jzifh ykdif;jcm;
tpOftvmrysuf e,f&iS rf sm;jzpfaom jrefrmtac:]]aexGub f &k if}}rsm;jzpfMuonf]h ]&Sr;f
rif;}}rsm;onf &kd;&mtvkdufbGm;pHí rdrdwkdY\]]wkdif;}}EkdifiHe,fy,fudk tkyfcsKyfMuav
onf/
]]aexGub f &k if}}jzpfMuukeaf om&Sr;f wkY\
d t&Sio
f cif]]apmfbmG ;BuD;}}wkYd tm; e,f
ole,fom;]]wkdif;}}ac:&Srf;trsKd;om;wkdYu wHaqmifrkef;vwGif wBudrf-ESpfOD;wHul;v
wGifwBudrf wESpfvQif ESpfBudrfMu tcsdeftm;avsmfpGm zl;ajr§mfuHawmhMuavonf/ /
&Srf;wkdYbmomtm;jzifh ]]a[mfcrf;}}jrefrmvkd ]]a&Teef;awmf}}twGif;wGif tedrfhtjrifhtm;
jzifh okH;qifh&Sdaom]]a&Teef;awmf}}usrf;jyif&Sd &mZyv’if\ta&SU omvGefawmfay:wGif
uHawmhcsderf wkid rf uDS rif;\taqmifta,miftcrf;tem;rsm;udk eef;awmfwiG ;f &Sd vlysKd
awmfom;rsm;u cef;em;pGm pDrHcif;usif;íxm;&avonf/ vuf0JbufESifhvusfmbuf
wGif om;awmfnDawmf aqGawmfrsKd;awmfrsm;udk ae&mcsxm;&avonf/
'kwd,qifh\vusfmbufwGif &mxl;tvkduf rl;BuD;rwf&m t&m&Sdt&mcHvkd
onf]]apmfbmG ;BuD;}}\toem;awmfjrwfc&H aom a&TZmtem;owfí yk;d ESichf sKyfxm;aom
0wfvkHt&SnfBuD;rsm;udk &mxl;tvkduf oyf,yfpGm 0wfpm;í cpm;aeMu&avonf/
¤if;wkdY\aemufrS trIawmfxrf;0g&ifhol]][def;BuD;}} ]]xrkefBuD;}} ¤if;wkdYaemufrS]][def
i,f}} ]]xrkeif ,f}}rsm;cpm;Mu&NyD;vQif vuf0b J ufwiG f yifpifpm;t&m&Sad [mif;rsm;ESihf
NrdKUe,fay:rS *kPfoa&&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif;rsm; cpm;aeMu&av\/
wwd,tqifh\vusfmbufwGif omrHtrIxrf;rsm;ESifh&yfol&Gmom;rsm; cpm;
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 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

Mu&í vuf0JbufwGif tcsKdUaome,fBuD;rsm;ü]]r*Fvm}}'l&d,m0dkif;awmfom;rsm;u

toifhcpm;aeMu&avonf/ ¤if;tcrf;tem;wGif ]]ukd,f&Hawmf}}ppfwyfESifh]]trIxrf;}}
ac: ykvdyfwyfwkdYu vufeuftjynfhtpkHESifha&Teef;amwfygwf0Srf;usifukd 0kdif;&Hapmifh
Muyfae&avonf/
tcsdefapha&mufaomtcguxGufvmNyD;vQif]]xGufpnfawmf}}[katmfvkdufvQif
r*Fvm'l&d,m0kdif;awmfu]]xGufpnfawmf}},Gef;&avonf/ xkdtcg yef;a&mifykd;acgif;
aygif; aygif;NyD; xkid rf odr;f tusÐtjzL-uwåyD gabmif;bDtpdr;f udk 0wfqifí ]]ausmuf
pDa&T'g;}}udkxrf;aomvlysKdawmfom;wa,mufESifhyef;a&mifykd;ykqkd;-cg;awmifBudKufí/

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]]ausmufpDa&T'g;tdrf}}xrf;xm;aomvlysKdawmfom;wa,muf - aygif;ESpfa,mufu
0Jbuf,mbuf&Hí/ rif;xGufwHcg;rS ]]apmfbGm;BuD;}}xGufawmfrlvmNyD;vQif/ omvGef
ay:odkY cefYnm;wifhw,fpGm wufxkdifawmfrlí/ cpm;vsufaeolwkdYudk &Ipm;awmfrlav
onf/ /xkdtcg cpm;íaeolrsm;u vuftkyfcsDí ]]OD;okH;Budrf}}csNyD;vQif uefawmh
Muavonf/
þuJhodkY ]]uHawmhcH}}xGufawmfrlaomtcg &Srf;wkdY\tac:]]z&mhwefqm}}a&T
om;twdNyD;aom ]]rif;ajrmufwefqm}}udk 0wfqifawmfrl&kd;&Sdaomfvnf;/ &Hzef&Hcg
&kd;&kd;wef;wef;/ ykd;-zJ-ouúvyftp&Sdaom 0wfvJawmftusÐabmif;bDrsm;udkvnf;
qifjref;awmfrlavh&SdMuonf/ xGufpnfawmf,Gef;NyD;aemuf ]]oHawmfcH}}t&m&Sdu ]]uH
awmfcrH *Fvm}}odYk vma&mufMuukeaf om e,foel ,fom;vltrsm;wkYd u ]]a&Tyef;ckid }f } ]]aiG
yef;ckdif}}tp&Sdaom zG,fzG,f&m&m vufaqmifyEémrsm;ESifhvma&mufuHawmMuaMumif;/
]]awmfbk&m;BuD;}}rSpí ]]r[ma'0D}}ocifr om;awmf o®D;awmf nDawmf aqGawmf rsKd;
awmfwkdYtm;vkH; ]]bkef;awmfBuD;í oufawmf&Snfygapaom0f}}[k &Srf;pmayESifha&;om;
xm;onfh uHawmhqkawmif;Mobmpmwrf;udk bwfMum;wifavQmuf&avonf/ /NyD;
vQif ]]oHawmfqifh}}t&m&Sdu jyefvSefí &Srf;pmayESifha&;om;xm;aom ]]apmfbGm;BuD;}}
\qkay;pmwrf;ukd apmfbmG ;BuD;\ud, k pf m;? uHawmhaeolwYdktm; bwfMum;&avonf/
¤if;aemuf]]awmfbk&m;BuD;}}rsm;udk,fwkdif EIwf>rufqkay;NyD;vQif twGif;awmfaqmifodkY
0ifawmfrlavonf/
twGif;awmfaqmifodkY a&mufaomtcg ]]z&mhwefqm}}ac:rif;ajrmufwefqm}}
udk cRwfNyD;vQif &kd;&kd;t0wftopfudk wzefvJvS,f&jyefavonf/ þuJhodkY 0wfvJ
awmfvv J ,S 0f wfqifaepOf r*Fvm'l&, d m0dik ;f awmfu om,memaysmfb,G jf zpfí r*Fvm
&SdaomBudK;-ywfysKd;,kd;',m;wkdYudk wD;íae&avonf/ /0wfvJawmfvJvS,fNyD;vQif
]]rif;xGuf}}wHcg;rS ukd,f&Hawmfrsm;rygbJ ]]apmfbGm;BuD;}}jyefí xGufawmfrlvmNyD;vQif
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 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

]]omvGe}f }ay:wGif xkid í

f qkid &f mt&m&St d &mcHrsm;ESi]hf ]trsKd;}}]]bmom}}]]omoem}}]]ynm}}
a&;rsm;ESifhwuG e,f\tajctaeukd aqG;aEG;ar;jref;wkdifyifawmfrlavonf/
xkYdaemuf t&nftjcif;tavsmuf qkawmfvwfawmfrsm;udk ay;oem;cs;D ajr§muf
xkdufolrsm;\trnfpm&if;udk ]]twGif;0ef}}u avQmufMum;oHawmfOD;wifaomtcg
toem;awmfjrwfcH&rnfholu omvGefawmf\a&SUwnfwnfh-a&Teef;awmfOD;&Sd r*Fvm
]]rif;wufavSum;}}txnfhtvnfwnfhwnhf? owfrSwfxm;aomvrf;twkdif;rS &kdao
pGmvma&mufNyD;vQi]f ]qkawmf}}udk cH,al omtcg ]]apmfbmG ;BuD;}}uk, d af wmfwidk -f cs;D ajr§muf
awmfrlavonf/ /tjypf'gPfcHaeMu&aom ]]&mZ0wfom;}}rsm;udkvnf; rJcsívTwf
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awmfrlav&Sdayonf/
]]apmfbGm;BuD;}}onf omvGefawmfay:wGif xkdifí uHawmhcHawmfrlaepOf t
wGi;f awmfaqmifrmS vnf; oD;jcm;jyKvkyx f m;aom ]]rSepf aD &Tcscek jf rif}h }ay:wGif ]]r[ma'0D}}
uxkdifí ckHatmuf0Jbuf,mbufwkdYwGif a'0Di,frsm;rSpí t&m&Sdt&mcHuawmfrsm;
]]eef;awmf}}wGif;&Sd tysKdawmfrsm; NrdKUe,fay:&Sd *kPfoa&&SdtrsKd;orD;rsm;wkdYu cpm;
ae&NyD;vQif i,f&G,faomolrsm;u &kdaoaomtm;jzifh OD;okH;Budrfcsí uHawmMuav
onf/

eef;odrf;r*Fvm]]&Srf;}}&mZm
a&Teef;awmfodrf;yGJtcef;tem;rsm;wGif ]]apmfbGm;}}ac:&Srf;rif;rsm;wkdYonf a&T
twdNyD;aom ]]z&mhwefqm}}rif;ajrmufwefqmudk 0wfqifNyD;vQif/ a&TcsDx;dk acgif;aygif;
odkYr[kwf ]]rukd#fawmf}}qifjref;í xD;jzLawmf]]4}}vufjzefYrkd;NyD; ]]a&SU0if;}}]]aemuf0if;}}
cif;cg qkid &f mqkid &f m rl;rwfrsm;jcH&v
H suf a&SUqk;H rS ajrmufpnfw;D NyD;vQif ,m,Daqmuf
vkyfxm;aom r*FvmwJeef;odkY xGufjref;awmfrl&avonf/ /toifha&muf&Sdaeaom
ykPmÖ ;awmfrsm;wkYd u apmfbmG ;BuD;\qHawmfukd a&S;a&S;aomrif;wkYd \tpOftvmtwkid ;f
oa&mf-uif;yGef;a&wkdYESifhaq;avQmfNyD;vQif *gxmrEÅ,m;rsm;ESifh&Gwfbwfo&q,fMu
&avonf/ NyD;vQif rlvu <uvmawmfrlonfhenf;wl taqmifta,miftcef;tem;
ESiahf &Teef;awmfoYkd jyef<u&avonf/ eef;awmfe;D odYk a&mufawmfral omtcg/ ]]rif;wuf
avSum;}} y|rtqifhay:odkY]]apmfbGm;BuD;}}u ajcawmfwifvkdufaomtcg qkdif&mt&m
&Sdt&mcHrsm;u ]]a&TxD;a&Teef;}}udk odrf;jref;pkd;pHawmfrlyg&ef tyfESHqufoMuaMumif;udk
avQmufxm;oHawmfOD;wif&avonf/ /¤if;aemuf &Srf;jynfqkdif&m]]NAdwdoQ}}wkdY\0ef
&Siaf wmfrif;BuD;u &mZyv’iaf y:odYk<ujref;awmfr&l ef avQmufxm;NyD;vQif ]]apmfbmG ;BuD;}}
tm; usr®mícsrf;omawmfrlapaMumif; arwåmydkYoqkawmif;ygaMumif;udk ajymMuav
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 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

onf/
a&Teef;awmftwGif;&Sd &mZyv’if\0Jbuf,mbufwkdYwGif xD;jzLawmf]]av;}}
vufukd jzefYr;dk íxm;&avonf/ apmfbmG ;BuD;onf ]]a&TovGe}f }ay:pHjref;íxkid af eawmf
rlaomtcg ykPÖm;awmfwkdYu omvGefawmf\av;a'gifhü y&dwfawmfa&rsm; yufjzef;
NyD;vQif]]a&Teef;awmfodrf;}}bdwfodufr*FvmawmfoGif;pmwrf;udk bwfMum;avQmufxm;
í t&m&Sdt&mcHwkdYu ]]r*FvmMobm}}pum;udk toD;toD;ajymMum;Muavownf;/
0J,mbufwkdYü r[ma'0DrSpí ]]tv,faqmif}} ]]ajrmufaqmif}} ]]taemuf}}aqmif
a'0Drsm;ESifh om;awmfç o®D;awmf aqGrsKd;awmfrsm; t&m&Sdt&mcHrsm;ESifhuawmfZeD;rsm;

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a&Teef;awmfwiG ;f &Sd vlysKdawmfrsm;u ¤if;wkYd r&S &Sad om 0wfpm;wefqmtaqmifta,mif
rsm;ESifhtjynfhtpkH0wfpm;í zdwfzdwfawmufrQ cpm;íaeMu&avonf/
a&Teef;awmftwGif;&Sd tvHwkdifteD; pifjrifhay:rS nae 6-em&DESifhnOfh ]]9}}
em&DwBudrf em&D0ufcefY om,mí emaysmfbG,faumif;aom]]e&D}}oHrsm;vnf; wD;rIwf
í a&Tem;awmfqufoGif;&avonf/
apmfbmG ;BuD;rsm;xHoYdk wpdr;f w&Hqv H rl sm;cpm;awGYqv
Hk adk omf a&S;OD;pGm twGi;f
0efxH oGm;a&mufajymqkdí¤if;/ twGif;0efu tpDtpOfvkyfay;rS zl;ajr§mfcpm;cGifh&av
onf/ /a'0Daqmifac: rdef;raqmifwdYkwGif a,musfm;rsm;0ifcGifh xGufcGifh rjyKay/
wpdr;f w&HqrH ed ;f rrsm;yifvQif 0ifa&mufcpm;vkad omf]]eef;awmfwiG ;f &S}d } ]]tysKad wmfBuD;}}tm;
a&S;OD;pGm taMumif;Mum;í 0ifciG ahf wmif;&avonf/ ¤if;tysKdawmfBuD;u toifah vsmf
[kxifjrifvQif oifhovkd tvkduftxkdufajymqkdNyD; 0ifcGifhrjyKajc/ /oifhonf[kxif
jrifaomolrsm;udk 0ifcGifh&atmif pDpOfay;NyD;vQif udk,fwkdifaomf¤if;/ vufatmufc
tysKad wmfi,fuav;rsm;ukad omf¤if; {nfo h nfred ;f roGm;&m twGi;f a'0DaqmifoYdkvu dk vf H
ykdYoavonf/
apmfbGm;BuD;rsm;rSm Ak'¨bmomomoe'g,umrsm; jzpfawmfrlonfhtwkdif; pH
awmfr&l m a&Teef;awmf0if;twGi;f ]]bk&m;wefaqmif;}}a&Tausmif;ç a&Tjyó'fawmfBuD;rsm;
ESifhwnfxm;udk,fuG,fawmfrlí ]]Oykofawmfaqmif}}]]'uf}}]]OD;uif;}}]]&mZyv’if}}tp&Sd
onfwYdkjzifh wifw h ,fpmG aqmufvyk í f qifxm;aom bkaH qmifeef;jrift h qift h qift h m;
jzif&h adS om a&Teef;awmftaqmifBuD;rsm;ESio hf m;awmf o®;D awmf r,fawmfrsm; aexkid Mf uaom
tdrfawmfaqmifrsm;udk oyf,yfcrf;em;pGm aqmufvkyfpHjref;awmfrlMuonfrSm crf;em;
BuD;us,fvSygayonf/
þuJhodkYaom crf;rbkHaqmif a&Teef;awmf\taqmif a&S;a&S;aomr[m&mZm
apmfbGm;BuD;rsm;onf rif;\pnf;pdrfukd cHpm;aeawmfrlMuaomfvnf; ,cktcgrSmrl/
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 &Srf;wkdY&JUwuJhjzpfcJhykHrsm;

acwfumvtavsmuf Ek;d Mum;x<uawmfrMl uí omrHy*k K¾ v d w

f a,mufuo hJ Ykd vTwaf wmf
wGif trwftjzpfESifhaqmif&Gufjcif; 0efBuD;0efuav;tp&Sdaom &mxl;rsm;udk vu©H
í &Srf;jynfESifh&Srf;vlxktusKd;udk ajr§mfudk;rSef;qí pdwfxm;udk wrsKd;ajymif;NyD;vQif/
oD;cHí aqmif&GufawmfrlaeMu&onfudk/ uREkfyfwkdY&Srf;ESifhArmtrsKd;om;rsm; jrifae&
Mum;ae&NyDjzpfygaMumif;/
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