CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING -type of wood that has been processed

- Professional Discipline that deals with: into beams and planks, a stage in the process

of wood production.
- Designing
- Planning WOOD
- Construction - Strong
- Management of infrastructures such as - Durable
- Roads - Lightweight
- Tunnels - Ease of working
- Bridges - Fastening
- Airports - Artistic
- Railroads - Natural Beauty
- Facilities - Very Expensive
- Buildings
- Dams Available Sizes:
- Utilities 2”x2”…2”x12”
3”x3”
Civil Technology 4”x4”
- Deals more with the practical aspects of 6”x6”
8”x8”
projects.
1”x4”
1”x6”…1”x12”
Construction Technologist/Construction
Technicians
Available Lengths:
- They are unique such that they are a cross 4’ - 16‘
between civil engineers and construction. 18’ - 20’
ABILITIES Types of wood
- Construction are problem solvers. 1. Finger Joint
- Able to understand infrastructure life cycle
- Mathematics
- Price depends on board for computations
(BD.FT)
- Science
- Critical
2. Tongue & Groove
- Analytical thinking
- Time management - (1”x4”, 1”x6”)x 8’-14’
- People Management
- Good communication skills 3. Plywood
- (1/4”, 3/16”, 1/2”, 3/4”) x 4’x8’ , Marine
EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS - 2 types of plywood
Construction Engineer is a mixture of: - Marine
- Engineering mechanics - Ordinary
- Engineering Design
- Construction Management 4. Plyboard
- General science - Commonly uses:
- Mathematics - Floorings
- Bridgings
- Construction Engineers graduates look for - Headers
possible graduate degree to either: - Trimmers
- Civil Engineering - Ceilings
- Engineering Management - Double Walls
- Business Administration
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS NAILS
LUMBER Available Sizes:
1/2”, 1”, 1.5”, 2”, 2.5”, 3”, 4”, 6”
 - For Roofing
2 types of nails - Gutter
1. Common Nail
2. Finishing Nail
- Flashing
- Ridge roll
MASONRY AND CONRETE - Riveting Strap
Masonry - Down Strap
- Building stone, bricks & concrete - Down spouts
Concrete - Corrugated G.I sheets
- Artificial stone as a result of mixing cement, - Roof Fasteners
aggregates, & water - Roof nails
Mortar
- Umbrella nails
- Mixture of sand, cement, & water
CHB - Tex screw
- Concrete Hollow Blocks - Langueta, etc
- 4”x8”x16”, 6”x8”x16” - Prepainted Steel Ribbed type roofing
SAND
PLUMBING
- Common river sand
- PVC Pipes for water and sewerage (Sloan
AGGREGATES Blue, PPr)
2 types of aggregates - G.P pipes (Galvanized Pipes)
1. Fine LAYING OUT & STAKING
- Sand, passes #4 sieve - process of establishing the points of building
2. Coarse outlines/perimeter on the ground
- Gravel (Natural/crushed) retained in #4 sieve STAKE
- Wooden Sticks sharpened on one end &
CEMENT driven into the ground & serves as boundaries
3 Types of cement BATTER BOARDS
1. Hydraulic Cement - Horizontal wooden sticks nailed
horizontally to the stake & serves as the
- Bonding agent that reacts with water to form a horizontal plane where the building’s technical
hard stone-like substance that is resistant to
measurements are established.
disintegration in water.
HOSE LEVEL
- Transparent tube filed with water
2. Portland cement
- Used to established horizontal Lines
- most widely used in various constructions String/Chord
- Used for connecting established points &
3. Pozzolan Cement lines on the batter boards
- Amorphous silica that hardens as a silica gel
by reacting chemically with alkali in the
presence of water.

SEASONING OF WOOD
METAL REINFORCEMENTS - Drying of lumber
- Steel Bars (Deformed)
- Lengths Two methods of Seasoning wood
- 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, ..etc 1. Natural or Air Seasoning
- Longer Process
STRUCTURAL STEEL - One of the best process
- Prefabricated form in different sections and 2. Artificial Seasoning
- Quick Drying of Wood
lengths
- inferior in Quality
ROOFING MATERIALS
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
- Plain G.I Sheet
- Branch of civil engineering
- Concerned with the behaviour of earth - Irrigation process
materials - Burial sites
- Also has applications in: - Building foundations, construction material for
- Military buildings
- Mining
- Petroleum - First use of soil was used in traces of dykes,
dams, and canals
- Other Engineering Principles - 2000 BCE
- Uses principles of soil mechanics and rock - Ancient Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia,
mechanics Fertile Crescent, Mohenjo Dark, Harappa in Indus
- To investigate subsurface conditions Valley.
and materials.
- Determine the physical and chemical *Ancient Greece notably constructed pad
properties of materials. footings and strip & raft foundations
- Evaluate the the stability of natural
slopes. Foundation Problems
- Assess risk posed by site conditions - Leaning tower of Pisa
- Design earthworks and structure
foundations
SOIL MECHANICS
3 phase materials
Typical Geotechnical Engineering
1. Rock
- Site investigation 2. Water
- Soil 3. Air
- Rock
- Fault distribution Engineering properties are affected by 4 main
- Bedrock properties factors
1. Predominant size of the mineral particles
- Site investigation can include assessment of 4. Type of mineral particles
the risk of the humans 5. Grain size distribution
- Earthquakes 6. Relative quantities of mineral
- Landslides
- Sinkholes Geotechnical Investigation
- Soil liquefaction - Obtain information on the physical properties
- Debris flows of soil and rock underlying a site to design
earthworks and foundation proposed
- Rockfalls
structure, and for repair of distress to
earthworks and structures caused by
Geotechnical Engineer determines and
subsurface conditions
design the:
- Geophysical Methods are used to obtain data
- Type of foundations about sites
- Earthworks
- Pavement subgrades - Subsurface exploration usually involves in-situ
Geotechnical Engineering testing
- Also related to coastal and ocean engineering. - Standard penetration test
- Coastal Engineering - Cone penetration test
- Designing of wharves, marinas, and jetties
- Ocean Engineering
- Involve foundation and anchor systems for BUILDING FOUNDATIONS
offshore structures such as oil platforms. Geotechnical engineers
1. Estimate the magnitude and location of the
HISTORY loads to be supported
SOIL 2. Explore the subsurface
3. Determine the necessary soil parameters
- used for flood control through field and lab testing
4. Design foundation in the safest and most - Density of soil is increased and
economical manner. permeability of soil is decreased.

3 Types of Foundation GROUND IMPROVEMENTS

Shallow Foundations - Technique that improves the engineering
- Transfers building load to the very near the properties of the treated soil mass.
surface
- Have a depth to width ratio of less than 1 SLOPE STABILIZATION
- The potential of soil covered slopes to
Footings withstand and undergo movement.
- “Spread Footings” - Determined by the balance of shear stress and
- Normally constructed from reinforced concrete shear strength.

Slab foundations OFFSHORE GEOTECH ENGINEERING

- Slab must be thick enough to provide - Concerned with foundations in:
sufficient rigidity to spread the bearing loads - Sea
somewhat uniformly, and to minimise - Away from the Coastline
differential settlement across the foundations. - Oil Platforms
Deep Foundations
- Artificial Islands
- Used for structures or heavy loads. - Submarine Pipelines
- Site investigation are more expensive in
offshore geotech because of the wider range
LATERAL EARTH SUPPORT STRUCTURES of geo hazards.
- Retaining wall is a structure that holds back - Offshore structures are exposed to various
the earth. environmental loads
- Retaining walls stabilised soil and rock from - Wind
downslope movement or erosion - Waves
- Provide support for vertical or near-vertical - Currents
changes.

Gravity walls GEOSYNTHETICS

- Depends on the size and weight of the wall to - Improve engineering performance while
resist pressure from behind. reducing costs
Cantilever Walls - Includes:
- Made from a relatively thin stem of steel- - Geotextiles
reinforced, cast in place concrete or - Geogrids
mortgaged masonry. - Geomembranes
EXCAVATION SHORING - Geocells
- Shoring of temporary excavations frequently - Geocomposites
requires a wall design which does not extend
laterally beyond the wall. INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
1. Translucent Wood
- Shoring extends below the planned base of 2. Cooling System in Bricks
the excavation.
3. Cigarette Butts as Bricks
4. Martian Concrete
EARTHWORKS
5. Light generating Cement
1. Excavation
6. Cabkoma Strand Rod
- Process of training earth according to
7. Biologically Produced Furniture
requirement by removing the soil from the site.
8. Floating piers
2. Filling
9. Pollution Absorbing Bricks
- Training earth according to requirement.
10. Self-Healing Concrete
3. Compaction