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Millman's Theorem

Millman's theorem provides a formula for calculating the terminal voltage (VON) in a circuit where multiple voltage sources are connected in parallel with their own internal impedances. The formula sums the voltage across each branch divided by its impedance, divided by the sum of the reciprocals of all the impedances. As an example, the theorem can be used to calculate the currents in an unbalanced star-connected load fed from a balanced three-phase supply.

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Sohini Roy
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63 views4 pages

Millman's Theorem

Millman's theorem provides a formula for calculating the terminal voltage (VON) in a circuit where multiple voltage sources are connected in parallel with their own internal impedances. The formula sums the voltage across each branch divided by its impedance, divided by the sum of the reciprocals of all the impedances. As an example, the theorem can be used to calculate the currents in an unbalanced star-connected load fed from a balanced three-phase supply.

Uploaded by

Sohini Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Millman’s theorem

Tapas Kumar Bhattacharya

Department of Electrical Engineering


I.I.T Kharagpur
S
October 23, 2017
PA
TA

1
Tapas K Bhattacharya Millman’s theorem 2

Contents
1 Millman’s Theorem 3
1.1 Unbalanced star connected load fed from a balanced 3-ph supply . . . . . . . . . . . 3

S
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Tapas K Bhattacharya Millman’s theorem 3

1 Millman’s Theorem
Imagine you have number of sources with voltages E1 ,E2 · · · EN , with internal impedances Z1 ,Z2 · · · ZN
respectively and assume that these sources are connected in parallel as shown in figure 1. Millman’s
O

Z Z Z Z
1 2 3 n VON = ?
+ + + +
E E E En
1 2 3
_ _ _ _
N

Figure 1:

theorem gives you a handy formula to calculate the the terminal voltage VON . We write the KCL
at point O.
VON − E1 VON − E2 VON − En
+ +···+ = 0
Z1 Z2 Zn
 
1 1 1 E1 E2 En
or, + +···+ VON = + +···
Z1 Z2 Zn S Z1 Z2 Zn
E1 E2 En
+ + · · · Zn
PA
or, VON = Z1 1 Z2
Z2
+ · · · + Z1n
1
we know, Admittance Y =
TA

Z
E1 Y1 + E2 Y2 + · · · + En Yn
∴ VON =
Y1 + Y2 + · · · + Yn
After knowing VON , we can calculate currents through each branch. For example current through
Z1 from bottom to top is E1 −V
Z1
ON
.

2 Unbalanced star connected load fed from a balanced 3-ph


supply
Look at the circuit 2 where EAN , EBN and ECN represent a balanced three phase voltage, N being
the supply neutral. Magnitudes of the voltages are same and they are mutually 120◦ apart which
means that EAN + EBN + ECN = 0, O being the star point of the load not connected to the
supply neutral N. We want to calculate the currents IA , IB and IC .
E
AN Z1
+
A
IA
E
BN Z2
+
N O
B IB
E CN
Z3
+
C IC

Figure 2:
Tapas K Bhattacharya Millman’s theorem 4

These currents can be calculated provided we know VON which can be calculated by using
Millman’s theorem as follows.
EAN Y1 + EBN Y2 + ECN Y3
VON =
Y1 + Y2 + Y3
where, Y1 = 1/Z1 , Y2 = 1/Z2 and Y3 = 1/Z3. After knowing VON , the currents are calculated as
follows.

IA = VAO Y1 = (VAN − VON )Y1


IB = VBO Y2 = (VBN − VON )Y2
IC = VCO Y3 = (VCN − VON )Y3

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