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BRM Assignment Sample Size - Tahir Khan Abdali

The document discusses two papers on determining sample size in applied statistics research. [1] The first paper discusses Cohen's d for determining sample size given desired power and effect size. It also discusses using tables or formulas like the cumulative distribution function. [2] The second paper discusses simple formulas for determining sample size including Yamane's formula for proportions and Rao's formulas for field surveys estimating prevalence rates and quantitative research estimating means. Both papers provide methods and formulas for accurately determining sample size in research.

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Syed Shahid Sherazi
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72 views3 pages

BRM Assignment Sample Size - Tahir Khan Abdali

The document discusses two papers on determining sample size in applied statistics research. [1] The first paper discusses Cohen's d for determining sample size given desired power and effect size. It also discusses using tables or formulas like the cumulative distribution function. [2] The second paper discusses simple formulas for determining sample size including Yamane's formula for proportions and Rao's formulas for field surveys estimating prevalence rates and quantitative research estimating means. Both papers provide methods and formulas for accurately determining sample size in research.

Uploaded by

Syed Shahid Sherazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

SUBJECT: Business Research Methods focus on SCM

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Sabeen

SUBMITTED BY: Syed Shahid Sherazi

CLASS: MS. SCM – Fall 2019 -2A

ASSIGNMENT NO# 08
Q. Read two papers in which a sample size has been calculated through a certain
method and discuss that method in detail in your assignment.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES & DETERMINATION


OF SAMPLE SIZE IN APPLIED STATISTICS
RESEARCH: AN OVERVIEW
Masuku, Micah B

Required Sample sizes for hypothesis tests by Cohen’s d and Power

Calculating the sample size required to yield a certain power for a test, given a predetermined
Type I error rate α. As follows, this can be estimated by pre-determined tables for certain
values, by Mead's resource equation, or, more generally, by the cumulative distribution
function:

 The desired statistical power of the trial, shown in column to the left.

 Cohen's d (=effect size), which is the expected difference between the means of the target
values between the experimental group and the control group, divided by the expected
standard deviation.

Determination of sample size by cumulative distribution function Let Xi, i = 1, 2, ...,n be


independent observations taken from a normal distribution with unknown mean μ and known
variance σ2 . Let us consider two hypotheses, a null hypothesis: H0 : μ = 0 and an alternative
hypothesis: H1 : μ = μ* For some 'smallest significant difference μ * >0.

This is the smallest value for which we care about observing a difference. Now, if we wish to
reject H0 with a probability of at least 1-β when H1 is true (i.e. a power of 1-β), and second
reject H0 with probability α when H0 is true, then we need the following: If Zα is the upper α
percentage point of the standard normal distribution, then P x > Zασ / √ n H0] = α
Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How
to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research

Hamed Taherdoost

A Simplified Formula for Proportions

Yamane (1967) provides a simplified formula to calculate sample sizes. This formula was
used to calculate the sample sizes in Tables 2 and 3 and is shown below. A 95% confidence
level and P = .5 are assumed. n = N / [1 + N ( e )2 ] Where n is the sample size, N is the
population size, and e is the level of precision. When this formula is applied to the above
sample, we get. n = N / [1 + N ( e )2 ] Rao (1985) presented some another calculation for
sample size under different circumstances in simple manner. These determinations are also
more useful for medical or clinical research investigations.

a. When it is a field survey to estimate the prevalence rate of specific event or cases or
disease the sample size is calculated by the formula

n = 4 p q / L2

where n is the required sample size, p is the approximate prevalence rate for which the
survey is to be conducted. The knowledge of this is to be obtained from previous
surveys or from pilot survey. q = 1 – p and L is the permissible error in the estimate.
Similarly, calculated sample size for different levels are presented in the Table

b. When conducting research investigation on quantitative data, the sample size is calculated
by the given formula n = tα 2 s 2 / ε2 Where n is the desired sample size, s is the standard
deviation of observations, ε is the permissible in the estimate of mean and tα is the value of at
5%level of significance.

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