PORFOLIO IN

(SOCIAL SCIENCE)

Submitted by:

Alexalyn Malubag
BSAIS – 2A

Submitted to:

MRS. EDNA ALVAREZ

MA in Education
Lesson 1

Stereotype, Prejudice and Discrimination

Stereotype are an over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people.

Can be categorized as explicit meaning the person is aware that they have these thoughts
towards a group of people and they can say it loud. Implicit where in a person does not know
that they have these stereotype since it lies in their subconscious. When the stereotype is
explicit a person can choose not to turn their stereotype into action. While with implicit the
person has no control or awareness of it.

Prejudice- it is unjustified or incorrect attitude, towards individual based on individual

membership of a social group. Prejudice represents our emotional response upon learning of a
person membership to a specific group. ( like, color, age, disability, generation, nationality,
religion, sex, sexual expression and gender expression.)

Discrimination- an actions or behavior towards an individual either exclusion or rejection.

1. Genocide- treated inhumanly and degraded.

2. Apartheid- means separateness. When one race is viewed as less than the other
separation of the black and white.
3. Gender discrimination- women earn less than men. Men are said as less manly when
they do their share of house chores.

LGBT Discrimination- when they are treated as lesser people than straight people.

Freedom and equality- all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. While
discrimination, tradition, policies, ideas and practices and laws exists in many countries. Many
have shifted towards making opportunities and privilege accessible to everyone.

Appreciating diversity of human race is the key to making a safe and more inclusive
environment for everyone regardless of race, sex, religion, sexuality, and sexuality, and gender.

Stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination are a sensitive issue for many people since it
can be trace to our history, culture, tradition, and religion. It is important to create a society that
respects the uniqueness of every human being and upholds everyone’s dignity and rights.

 Activities- Recitation and exam.

 Reflection-
Lesson 2

LGBT Psychology

Sexual and emotional attraction towards the same se has been regarded throughout the history
of mankind.

The ABC’s of the LGBTQ

Lesbian- woman who are emotionally or sexually attracted to woman.

Gay- men who are emotionally or sexually attracted to men.

Bisexual- man or woman who are emotionally or sexually attracted to man and woman.

Transgender- when your identity how you feel is different from your physical sex. (Male or
female)

Queer- We by people who celebrate all gender identities can also mean someone who do not
want to be restricted as lesbian, or gay or bisexual.

Intersex- people who are born with sex genitals patterns that do not fit the typical male or
female body.

Asexuality- asexual are people who does not mean they do not engaged in a romantic or
sexual relationship.

Plus- the sign refers to all sexually that do not fit in the LGBTQI septum.

Other terms:

Gender- your mental internal sense of being masculine or feminine or neither.

Gender identity- how you feel being man, women or neither.

Gender expression- how you express your sense of being male or female or neither, maybe
through hair style, clothes etc.

Sex orientation- your emotional or sexual attraction to a person.

Sex assigned by birth- your given sex when born based on your sex organ.

As gender- when your gender identity matches with the sex you are assigned to birth.

Non-binary- people who are do not feel like a boy or a girl they may feel like they are both or
neither, so they use the pronoun, they, them, and theirs.

Understanding transgenderism

What is transgender? APA defines transgender as an umbrella term for person whose gender
indentity, gender with the sex to which they were assigned at birth. Person who is born male but
living a life as male.

Sexually under Umbrella

Female to male (FTM)- a person whose biological sex is female and transformed to living life
as a male.

Male to female (MTF)- a person whose biological sex is male and transformed to his life as a
female.

Cross dressing- some people want to dress as opposite gender from time to time, however
unlive the transsexual, they are comfortable identifying with their biological sex.

Drag Kings or Queens- these are people who dress as their opposite gender for entertainment
which they do out of passion or for words.

Gender Queen- these are people who feel like their gender doesn’t not fit their binary gender
and view that is limited to the male and female category because they feel that these are two
restrictive.

 Activities- Recitation and exam.

 Reflection-
Lesson 3:

Men and Masculinity

A growing body of literature theorizing men and masculinities focuses on a variety of

topics, like men violence, fatherhood, pornography, men’s crime, female masculinity,
male feminity. These studies arouse despite the clear dominance of men over global and
political power man make up a large majority of corporate executives, top professionals
and holders of public of office. Worldwide men held 93% of cabinet level post in 1996
and most top positions in international agencies in 1999.
The rise of the woman liberation movement and many feminisms produced a massive
disturbance in the gender system and people assumption about gender large number of
men now acknowledge that their position is under challenge that what they once took for
granted about must be re-thought making means studies and masculinity become
popular. “Why are men the disposable sex?” warren farewell “Men are now the gender
victims as a result of feminism having gone too far with men having increase
responsibilities but few rights around issues of marriage divorce, child custody, and
access to children. Modern legislation are over protective of women interests, resulting
in discrimination against at a time when they are under increasing treat within a rapidly
changing world.
Some researchers argue that these PPC male more movements were only a nation to
feminism. An attempt to accuse women and feminists for creating problems that men
encounter in society.
Masculinity themes
There is no one pattern of masculinity that is found everywhere. Different cultures and
different periods in history construct masculinity differently. Some cultures make heroes
of soldiers and regard violence as the ultimate test of masculinity. Other cultures took at
soldiering which and regard violence as contemptible.
Some countries regard homosexual sex as incompatible which the masculinity other
countries think that no person can be a real man having had homosexual relationship.
The meaning masculinity in working class life is different from the meaning in the middle
class like; and same goes among the very rich and very poor. It is even possible that
more than one king of masculinity can be found within a cultural setting and within a
specific class.
The only shows masculinities cannot be delaminated to a sole definition or description
as various, culture and levels in life view this concept differently.
Hierarchy and Hegemony
The form of masculinity with culturally authority and leadership but not totally dominance
of other firms of masculinity persist alongside.
According to Kimmel 1997- Hegemonic masculinity embodies the image of the man of
power. We equate manhood with being strong, successful, capable, and reliable in
control.
The very definition of manhood which have in our culture maintain the power that some
men have over women.
Hegemonic masculinity- the pattern of practice that allowed men’s dominance over
women to continue. It embodied the currently most honored way being a man as it
required all other men to position themselves in relation to it and ideologically legitimated
the global subordination of women to men.
Men who received the benefits of particularly without enacting a strong version of
masculine dominance could be regarded showing complicit masculinity.
Collective masculinities- gender structures of a society define particular patterns of
conduct of individual or masculine or feminine. These patterns also exist in institution
such as corporations armies government and even schools.
Masculinity also exists impersonally in culture. Cinemas a TV shows masculinity such as
abandoning fatter, dis group, student, abusive partner and the drug convict,
example, violent masculinity.
Aggressive kind of masculinity- is created organizationally by its structure, patterns of
competitions, system of training and hierarchy of levels and records.
Masculinities and well being- men are unlikely to talk about their worries and men
likely to drink and engage in other destructive behavior when stressed.
Culturally domination forms of masculinity which often urge men to practices strict
emotional control, serve as boomer to health or encourages some men to engage in
practices detrimental to their health and that of their families.
Evidence confirms that death and disability rates related to alcohol and substances
abuse and addition predominantly male phenomena worldwide.

Family formation, fathering, caregiving, and domestic roles

Domestic roles- are closely associated with women as carrying them out can evolve a
loss of fare for men. Great deal was heard about increases in women’s labor face
participation, but less about caregiving and domestic works.
Research shows that men on an average not greatly increasing their role in household
work and unpaid careless do they know men are missing out in not engaging more in
their domestic and family roles. It has been shows that being involved in the life of father,
children brings psychological and health benefits to men.
Research on child development - demonstrate lasting benefits to children of their
fathers involvement in terms of their confidence and performance.
However it was said that men may contribute to the “Domestic enterprise” in other
important ways including financial support, accompanying children to activities of school
or home.
Better educated men are more likely to put more time into domestic roles and caregiving.
Men’s schooling may have expanded their sense of norms and broaden their ideas.
Masculine and alcohol and drug use in many setting manes drinking encourage
solidarity and stimulates courage. It is a very peer group ritual as well as being a
recreational activity. When men became drunk, fights are rationalized, and women are
encourage to tolerate men’s drunkenness as natural part of their being.
Drug use and drug dealing can serve as way of contracting a powerfully masculine
identity.
Protest masculinity- a form of marginalized
Protest masculinity- a form of marginalized masculinity which means “Akin to” to
homogeny masculinity but in socially deprive contexts.
This also describes instances of extreme form of sex typed behavior on the part of some
males. This are levels of physical aggression the protest masculinity profile is also
proposed as including destructions, low tolerance for delay gratification, crime, drinking,
and similar dispositions.
Is often a product of narcissism built form deep feelings of powerlessness and
insecurity? Connell compare it to a tense, freaky façade making a claim to where there
are no resources for power.
Caring masculinity- after decades of women demanding equal rights and opportunities
and for the end of male domination and its harmful costs in their live caring masculinities
arises as a strong ally costs in their hegemonic masculinity.
 The concept of a caring masculinity proposes that men are able to adopt a traditionally
feminine. Characteristics , emotional expression, sensitivity, domestication,
interdependence, caring, without departing from rejecting masculinity.
Masculine identities that exclude domination and embrace the effective, relational,
emotional interdependent qualities of care a critical form of men’s engagement in gender
equality because doing are work requires to resist hegemonic masculinity and to adopt
values and characteristics of care that are antithetical to hegemonic masculinity.
Men who approximate these form of masculinities are viewed as a form of new men an
ideal man to live forever.
 Activities- Recitation and exam.
 Reflection-
Lesson 4

Gender-based violence: Survivor, Victim, Perpetrator, and Human rights

Gender based violence

Any harmful act that is perpetrated against a persons’ will and that is based on socially-ascribed
(gender) differences between males and females. (Inter-agency Standing Committee Guidelines
for Integrating Gender-based Violence in Interventions in Humanitarian Action 2015)

Gender-based violence is one of the most widespread and human rights abuses, but least
recognized in the world. It refers to any harm perpetrated against persons’ will on the basis of
gender, the socially ascribed differences between males and females.

Gender-based violence has devastating consequences not only for victims, but also for society
as a whole. It results in physical, sexual and psychological harm to both men and women and
includes any form of violence or abuse that targets men or women on the basis of their sex.

In the Philippines, gender-based violence has clearly been placed in the realm of women’s
rights over the past decade. Prior to 1993, most governments regarded violence against women
largely as a private matter between individuals.

Gender-based violence experienced by women and girls refer to battering and other forms of
intimated partner violence including marital rape, sexual violence, dowry-related violence,
female infanticide, sexual abuse of female children in the household, honor crimes, early
marriage, forced marriage, female genital cutting and other traditional practices harmful to
women, sexual harassment in the workplace and educational institutions, commercial sexual
exploitations, trafficking of girls and women, and violence perpetrated against domestic workers.

Gender-based violence cuts across public and private spheres, including home, school and
work, and takes place during peace time and conflict. It is both human rights and a development
issue, with negative consequences for both women and men.

Consequences of gender-based violence

Health consequences include unwanted pregnancies, complications from unsafe abortions,

sexually transmitted infections including HIV, injuries, mental health and psychological effects
(depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, suicide and death). Violence also affects children’s
survival, development, and school participation.

Social consequences extend to families and communities. Families can also be stigmatized as a
consequence of gender-based violence. For example, when children are born following a rape,
or if family members choose to stand by survivor, fellow members of their community may avoid
them.

Economic consequences include the cost of public health and social welfare systems and the
reduced ability of many survivors to participate in social and economic life.
Survivor, Victim and perpetrator

Survivor is the preferred term (not a “victim”) of a person who has lived through an incident of
gender-based violence.

Perpetrator is a person, group or institution that inflicts, supports, or condones violence or other
abuse against a person or group of persons.

In all incidents of GBV, there is always a survivor/victim and a perpetrator. Therefore, all actions
in the prevention and responses to GBV need to address both the survivor and the perpetrator.

Human rights

Human rights are universal, inalienable, indivisible, interconnected and interdependent.

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms without distinction of any kind, such as color,
race, sex, language, religion, political, or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth
and other status.

Prevention of and response to gender-based violence is directly linked to the protection of

human rights. Acts of gender-based violence violate a number of human rights principles
enshrined in international human rights instruments and in our Philippine Constitution.

Summary

GBV is a worldwide phenomenon which must be given attention nationally and

internationally. The consequences capture almost all spheres of our lives (family, socially,
economically and health). A main focus of gender-based violence is violence against women
(VAW) affecting women and girls across their life span. VAW also covers a continuum of
violence which appeared to be unending, with an array of elements of abuse, coercion or force.

The survivor and perpetrator are important actors in GBV and VAW cases. GBV and
VAW are clear violations of human rights. All these point to the essence that these acts of
violence are a global and national concern.