Created by AAA

Group Members

 Ashfaq Ali 2407
 Afzal Ali 2417
 Amir Ashraf 2418
 Abdul Rehman 2426
 Asmah 2429
 Maryyam 2433
 Haider Ali 2440
 History

 First appeared in IBM mainframes in 1972
 Allowed multiple users to share a batch-oriented system
 Formal definition of virtualization helped move it beyond
IBM
1. A VMM provides an environment for programs that is essentially
identical to the original machine
2. Programs running within that environment show only minor
performance decreases
3. The VMM is in complete control of system resources
 In late 1990s Intel CPUs fast enough for researchers to try
virtualizing on general purpose PCs
 Xen and VMware created technologies, still used today
 Virtualization has expanded to many OSes, CPUs, VMMs
 History(con..)

 VMware – Modern Virtual Machine System.
 Founded 1998, Mendel Rosenblum et al.
 Research at Stanford University
 VMware Workstation
 Separates Host OS from virtualization layer
 Host OS may be Windows, Linux, etc.
 Wide variety of Guest operating systems
 Virtual Machine

 :- A virtual machine (VM) is a software
implementation of a machine that executes programs
like a physical machine. It shares physical hardware
resources with the other users but isolates the OS or
application to avoid changing the end-user
experience.
 Virtual Machine is the part of cloud computing.
 Why We Need VM?

 Where are your Machine?
 Who has access to these system?
 How are they managed?
 What security is in place?
 We Do Virtualization

 VM share the centralized server processor, memory
& storage.
 Earlier 800 Million unique server is working.
 But now with VM only 60 Million server is doing the
same work of 800 Million server.
 System Models


(a) Nonvirtual machine (b) Virtual machine

VMware Architecture

 Definitions

 Host Operating System:
 The operating system actually running on the
hardware
 Together with virtualization layer, it simulates
environment for …
 Guest Operating System:
 The operating system running in the simulated
environment
 E.g., the one we are trying to debug
 Types of Virtual Machine

 System virtual machine:
 system virtual machines (also known as full
virtualization VMs) provide a complete substitute
for the targeted real machine and a level of
functionality required for the execution of a
complete operating system.
 System Virtual Machine

APP APP APP APP APP APP APP APP

Operating System Operating System

Simulated Machine Simulated Machine

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

Hardware -- “real machine”

 Process Virtual Machine

 process virtual machines are designed to execute a
single computer program by providing an abstracted and
platform-independent program execution environment. A
process VM, sometimes called an application virtual
machine, or Managed Runtime Environment (MRE).
 It is created when the process is started and destroyed
when it exits.
 A process VM provides a high-level abstraction – that of
a high-level programming language (compared to the
low-level ISA abstraction of the system VM). Process VMs
are implemented using an interpreter; performance
comparable to compiled programming languages is
achieved by the use of just-in-time compilation.
Process Virtual Machines

APP APP APP

OS 2 OS 3

APP
Virtual Machine

Operating System 1

Hardware
 Language Virtual Machine

 This type of VM has become popular with the Java programming
language, which is implemented using the Java virtual machine.

 The Parrot virtual machine, and the .NET Framework, which runs on a VM
called the Common Language Runtime. All of them can serve as
an abstraction layer for any computer language.

 Unlike other process VMs, these systems do not provide a specific

programming language, but are embedded in an existing language;
typically such a system provides bindings for several languages
(e.g., C and FORTRAN).

 Examples are PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) and MPI (Message Passing
Interface). They are not strictly virtual machines, as the applications
running on top still have access to all OS services, and are therefore not
confined to the system model.
The Java Virtual Machine


Own idealized architecture

Stylized machine language
Byte codes
Readily available
interpreter
 What is Hypervisor

 A hypervisor or virtual machine monitor (VMM) is
a piece of computer software, firmware or hardware
that creates and runs virtual machines.
 A computer on which a hypervisor is running one or
more virtual machines is defined as a host machine.
Each virtual machine is called a guest machine
 Hypervisor is a bare metal approach; is installed on
the bare metal and then the operating systems is
installed ( para virtualized)

 Implementation of VMMs

 Vary greatly, with options including:
 Type 0 hypervisors - Hardware-based solutions that provide
support for virtual machine creation and management via
firmware
 IBM LPARs and Oracle LDOMs are examples
 Type 1 hypervisors - Operating-system-like software built to
provide virtualization
 Including VMware ESX, Joyent SmartOS, and Citrix XenServer
 Type 1 hypervisors – Also includes general-purpose operating
systems that provide standard functions as well as VMM
functions
 Including Microsoft Windows Server with HyperV and RedHat
Linux with KVM
 Type 2 hypervisors - Applications that run on standard
operating systems but provide VMM features to guest operating
systems
 Includeing VMware Workstation and Fusion, Parallels Desktop, and
Oracle VirtualBox
Implementation of VMMs (cont.)

 Other variations include:


 Para virtualization - Technique in which the guest operating
system is modified to work in cooperation with the VMM to optimize
performance
 Programming-environment virtualization - VMMs do not virtualize
real hardware but instead create an optimized virtual system
 Used by Oracle Java and Microsoft.Net
 Emulators – Allow applications written for one hardware
environment to run on a very different hardware environment,
such as a different type of CPU
 Application containment - Not virtualization at all but rather
provides virtualization-like features by segregating applications
from the operating system, making them more secure, manageable
 Including Oracle Solaris Zones, BSD Jails, and IBM AIX WPARs
 Much variation due to breadth, depth and importance of
virtualization in modern computing
 What is Virtualization

Virtualization is defined as the abstraction of objects
("things"), creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of
objects such as a server or storage device.
For example, when you partition a hard drive into two
partitions - C and D, say - you create virtual drives but the
physical hard drive has not changed.
OR
Virtualization is a technology to run multiple same or
different operating systems which is completely isolated
from each other . ”Ex: Run both Windows and Linux on the
same machine.
 Types of Virtualization

 Server Virtualization
 Desktop Virtualization
 Application Virtualization
 Memory
 Storage
 Data
 Network
 Server Virtualization

 Hardware virtualization or platform virtualization refers to the creation of
a virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system.
Software executed on these virtual machines is separated from the
underlying hardware resources.
 Different types of hardware virtualization include:
 Full virtualization – almost complete simulation of the actual hardware to
allow software, which typically consists of a guest operating system, to run
unmodified.
 Partial virtualization – some but not all of the target environment is
simulated. Some guest programs, therefore, may need modifications to run
in this virtual environment.
 Para virtualization – a hardware environment is not simulated; however,
the guest programs are executed in their own isolated domains, as if they
are running on a separate system. Guest programs need to be specifically
modified to run in this environment.
 Normal Server Issue

 Backup / Restore
 Re-build OS
 Data recovery
 Disaster Recovery
 Same Vendor
 Same Model
 Solution

 Consolidation
 Shared CPU, Memory, NIC ,DISK
 Maximum utilization – 90-95%
 Centralized Management
 Migration
 Less space
Server Virtualization- Benefits

 Host servers connected over SAN
 Hardware fail tolerance
 High availability
 Online live migration
 Easy management
 Disaster Recovery
 Easily scalable, Adjustable
 Different Vendor, Type, Model servers controlled by Hypervisor
 Less hardware management / maintenance cost
 Better efficiency with less cost
 Maintain average utilization %
 Desktop Virtualization

 Same as server Virtualization
 User’s desktop runs on data servers as Virtual machines
 Secured by design
 Multiple OSes runs on same Hypervisor host
 Centralized management
 Shared resources with maximum utilization
 Supports multimedia / memory intensive apps on VM
Desktop Pool

Desktop Virtualization - Benefits

 Centralized Service pack upgrade / OS patch
installation
 OS upgrade from one version to another
 High availability
 Fault tolerance
 Thin / Thick provisioned storage
 Accessed via LAN, WAN, Internet & Mobile
 Offline use with help of VM Player / XenClient on
Desktop, Laptop and ThinClients.
 Application Virtualization

 Business applications runs on servers located in
datacenter
 Secured by design
 One / more apps runs on same set of servers
 Centralized application management
 Shared resources with maximum utilization
 Supports multimedia / memory intensive apps
 Reduces licensing cost
 Role based user access controlled by policies
How it Work?

Application Virtualization - Benefits

 Applications delivered on-demand
 No need to install and manage on every user desktop
 Increased performance
 Easily upgraded and deliver instantly
 Published either locally installed or steamed to server
Application Virtualization - Benefits

 Offline access via streamed on client machines with
help of offline plug-in
 Role based application functionality
 Multiple version of same application accessibility
 Application isolation
 Accessed via LAN, WAN, Internet & Mobile
 Content Redirection
 Server to client
 Client to server
Top 10 Virtualization Technology Companies


 VMware
 Citrix
 Oracle
 Microsoft
 Red hat
 Amazon
 Google
 Virtual bridges
 Proxmox
 Parallels
 Summary

 Virtual machines are a number of discrete identical
execution environments on a single computer, each
of which runs an operating system. This can allow
applications written for one OS to be executed on a
machine which runs a different OS which provide a
greater level of isolation between processes than is
achieved when running multiple processes on the
same instance of an OS.