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Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The document summarizes several sexually transmitted diseases including their causative agents, clinical manifestations, diagnostic exams, treatments, and nursing interventions. It covers gonorrhea, herpes genitalia, trichomoniasis, moniliasis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, condyloma acuminatum, and syphilis. For each disease, it provides key details about the bacterium or virus that causes it, associated symptoms, how it is diagnosed, recommended treatments, and the role of nursing in management and prevention.

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181 views5 pages

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The document summarizes several sexually transmitted diseases including their causative agents, clinical manifestations, diagnostic exams, treatments, and nursing interventions. It covers gonorrhea, herpes genitalia, trichomoniasis, moniliasis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, condyloma acuminatum, and syphilis. For each disease, it provides key details about the bacterium or virus that causes it, associated symptoms, how it is diagnosed, recommended treatments, and the role of nursing in management and prevention.

Uploaded by

reghpineda28
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

GONORRHEA
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
Neisseria Gonorrhea
 Gram (-) diplococci
 Produces an endotoxin
 Pathogenic to humans only

INCUBATION PERIOD:
3 – 5 days

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Women: asymptomatic  PID
Men: urethritis and yellowish, greenish discharge and dysuria

DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
Gram stain

TREATMENT:
3rd Generation Cephalosporin

NURSING INTERVENTION:
All information are confidential
Infants born to mothers positive for gonorrhea should be given crede’s prophylaxis
Case finding
Sex education

HERPES GENITALIA
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV 2)

INCUBATION PERIOD:
3 – 6 days

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Vesicles or ulceration on vagina
Vesicles are painful

DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
Tzanck test
(+) giant cells and inclusion bodies on cells
Serology

TREATMENT:
Acyclovir

NURSING INTERVENTION:
1. Sex education
2. Case finding
3. Prevent secondary bacterial infection

TRICHOMONIASIS
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
Trichomonas Vaginalis
 Does not have a cyst form

INCUBATION PERIOD:
1
4 days to 1 month

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Vaginal itching
Burning pain on urination
Yellowish-greenish frothy vaginal discharge

DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
Demonstration of the protozoa on microscopic examination of discharge

TREATMENT:
Metronidazole

NURSING INTERVENTION:
Sex education
Case finding

MONILIASIS/CANDIDIASIS
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
Candida Albicans

INCUBATION PERIOD:
Variable

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Vaginal itching
Thick curd like discharge

DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
KOH stain to detect presence of hyphae

TREATMENT:
Nystatin vaginal suppositories

NURSING INTERVENTION:
 Prevent secondary bacterial infection
 Identify cause of candidiasis through history taking

CHANCROID
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
Haemophilus Ducreyi
 Gram (-)

INCUBATION PERIOD:
3 – 5 days

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Soft chancre
Painful genital ulcers + unilateral swelling of lymph node in the groin (purulent discharge)

DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
Gram stain

TREATMENT:
Erythromycin
3rd generation cephalosporin

NURSING INTERVENTION:

2
 Instruct to avoid sexual conact until healing is complete (2 weeks)
 Check for drug allergy
 Prevent secondary bacterial infection

LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
Chlamydia
A, B, C
 Cause trachoma (scarring of the eye)  blindness
D
 Causes non-gonococcal urethritis in males and cervicitis and PID in females
L1, L2, L3
 Cause Lymphogranuloma Venerum
 Painless papule or ulceration

INCUBATION PERIOD:
Variable

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Cause trachoma (scarring of the eye)  blindness
Causes non-gonococcal urethritis in males and cervicitis and PID in females
Painless papule or ulceration

DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
Serology

TREATMENT:
Doxycycline – for adults
Erythromycin – for infants and pregnant women
Azithromycin

NURSING INTERVENTION:
 All patients with other STDs should be treated with Chlamydia
 Check newborns for signs of chlamydial infection
 Sex education

CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
Papillomavirus (type 6, 7 and 11)

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Presence of warts on the genital area

DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
Biopsy

TREATMENT:
Podophyllin
Liquid nitrogen
Laser ablation

NURSING INTERVENTION:
Sex education

SYPHILIS
CAUSATIVE AGENT:
3
Treponema Pallidum

INCUBATION PERIOD:
Variable

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
PRIMARY SYPHILIS
 Painless chancre
 Resolve spontaneously over 4 – 6 weeks
 Patient can be asymptomatic for years and then progress to secondary syphilis

SECONDARY SYPHILIS
 Appears 6 weeks after primary chancre has appeared
 T. pallidum has reached the bloodstream
 SYPHILITIC RASH
o (+) generalized rash characterized as flat lesions and can be seen in palms, soles and
mucous membrane
 Condyloma Latum
o Painless ulcer found in the warm moist areas of the body
 Resolve over 6 weeks
 Patient can be asymptomatic for years and then progress to tertiary syphilis

TERTIARY SYPHILIS
 Occur after 3 to 10 years after the primary infection
 Appearance of GUMMAS
o Chronic superficial granulomatous lesions that is solitary
 CV syphilis
o Asymptomatic
o Presence of aneurysm
 Neurosyphilis
o Presence of Tabes Dorsalis
 slow degeneration of the nerve cell and nerve fibers that carry sensory
information to the brain
 Decrease reflexes, paresthesia, unsteady gait
o Argyll Robertson Pupil
 Lesion of the midbrain
 Constrict to near vision but not to light

CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
IN UTERO:
 Miscarriage/Still birth
EARLY:
 Snuffles – runny nose
LATE:
 Deafness
 Saddle nose
 Sabershin
 Bowing of tibia
 Hutchinson’s teeth
 Upper central incisirs are widely separated with a central notch in each tooth
 Mulberry molars
 Too many cusps in the molars

DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
1. VDRL (Venereal Disease Reaearch Lab)
2. RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
3. Dark Field microscopy

4
TREATMENT:
Penicillin G

NURSING INTERVENTION:
Sex education

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