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Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Explained

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, contain organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, and have more complex structures like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most organelles, contain only plasmids instead of chromosomes, and tend to be unicellular and smaller than eukaryotic cells. The main differences are that eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound nuclei while prokaryotic cells do not, eukaryotic cells are usually multicellular while prokaryotic cells are usually unicellular, and eukaryotic cells have organelles, cytoskeletons and other complex structures that prok

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Dayan Espartero
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144 views2 pages

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Explained

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, contain organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, and have more complex structures like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most organelles, contain only plasmids instead of chromosomes, and tend to be unicellular and smaller than eukaryotic cells. The main differences are that eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound nuclei while prokaryotic cells do not, eukaryotic cells are usually multicellular while prokaryotic cells are usually unicellular, and eukaryotic cells have organelles, cytoskeletons and other complex structures that prok

Uploaded by

Dayan Espartero
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell

Nucleus Present Absent

Number of chromosomes More than one One--but not true chromosome:


Plasmids

Cell Type Usually multicellular Usually unicellular (some


cyanobacteria may be multicellular)

True Membrane bound Present Absent


Nucleus

Example Animals and Plants Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Recombination Meiosis and fusion of gametes Partial, undirectional transfers DNA

Lysosomes and Present Absent


peroxisomes

Microtubules Present Absent or rare

Endoplasmic reticulum Present Absent

Mitochondria Present Absent

Cytoskeleton Present May be absent

DNA wrapping on proteins. Eukaryotes wrap their DNA Multiple proteins act together to fold
around proteins called histones. and condense prokaryotic DNA.
Folded DNA is then organized into a
variety of conformations that are
supercoiled and wound around
tetramers of the HU protein.

Ribosomes larger Smaller

Vesicles Present Present

Golgi apparatus Present Absent

Chloroplasts Present (in plants) Absent; chlorophyll scattered in the


cytoplasm

Flagella Microscopic in size; membrane Submicroscopic in size, composed


bound; usually arranged as nine of only one fiber
doublets surrounding two singlets

Permeability of Nuclear Selective not present


Membrane

Plasma membrane with Yes Usually no


steroid

Cell wall Only in plant cells and fungi Usually chemically complexed
(chemically simpler)

Vacuoles Present Present

Cell size 10-100um 1-10um

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