Title : Proposed Two – Storey School Building
Project Owner : Clarissa J. Pili
Subject : Structural Design Criteria
Location : San Roque, Iligan City
Structural Engineer : Trishia J. pADON
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1. Introduction
The analysis of the design of the building is based on the design criteria bellow. This design
criteria is used to acquire the desired structural strength and design of the proposed
building. This document would serve as a guide for structural engineers to design the
building according to the desired plan.
Design References:
• NSCP Volume 1, Seventh Edition 2015
• Design or Reinforce Concrete, 2nd Edition by Jack C. McCormac
• Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete Volume 3 (Using USD Method, NSCP
2010) by Besavilla
• Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete Design Second Edition by DIT Gillesania
2. Architectural Plan:
2.1. Initial Sizing:
Structural Member Dimention (m) No. Pieces
Column 0.4 x 0.4 24
Beam 0.6 x 0.3 48
2.2. No. of Storey:
2 Storey School building with roof deck
2.3. Architectural Detail:
Dimension (m) Area (m²) Geometry
27.5 x 16.5 453.75 Rectangular
3. Materials
Compressive Strength, f’c 28 MPa
Unit Weight of Concrete 24 kN/m3
Yield Strength, fy 276 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity for Slab, Ebs 24870 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity for Beam, Ebb 24870 MPa
Density of Insulated Concrete Form 25 kg/m3
Compressive Block Deep 0.85
Capacity Reduction Factor, Ф 0.90
3.1. Concrete and Grout
The design compressive strength (f’c) of concrete and grout, as measured at 28 days, will be
as follows:
• Structural concrete (Class S-1) 3,000 psi
• Structural concrete (Class S-2) 4,000 psi
• Grout (Class G-1) 5,000 psi
The classes of concrete and grout to be used will be shown on engineering design drawings or
indicated in design specifications.
4. Design Loads
4.1. General
Design loads for structures and foundations will comply with applicable building code
requirements.
4.2. Dead loads
Dead loads consist of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into the
building or other structure, including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings,
stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and other similarly incorporated
architectural and structural items, and fixed service equipment, including the weight of
cranes.
Table 1: Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials (kN/m³)
Materials Density
Cast – stone masonry (cement, stone, sand) 22.6
Glass 25.1
Reinforced concrete 23.54
Masonry grout 22.0
Concrete hollow blocks 14.72
Particle board 7.1
Ceramic tile 23.6
Gypsum board 7.9
Table 2: Minimum Design Dead Loads (kPa)
Component Loads
Ceramic tile (20mm) on 25 mm mortar bed 1.10
Gypsum board (per mm thickness) 0.008
Window, glass, frame and sash 0.38
4.3. Live Load
Live loads shall be the maximum loads expected by the intended use or occupancy but in
no case shall be less than the loads required.
Table 3: Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads
Use or Occupancy Uniform Load Concentrated Load
Category Description kPa kPa
Classroom 1.9 4.5²
Corridors above ground floor 3.8 4.5
School
Ground floor corridors 4.8 4.5
Stairs, landing and walkways 4.8 -
Roof Deck Same as area served or occupancy
4.4. Seismic Load
Structures and portions thereof shall, as a minimum, be designed and constructed to resist
the effects of seismic ground motions as provided. The site is located on Seismic Zone 4.
Use Seismic Source Type A and Soil Profile Type Sd for the unknown soil profile.
Structure will be designed and constructed to resist the effects of earthquake loads as
determined in NSCP 2015 Section 208.
Table 4 : Near source factor Na
Seismic Closest Distance to Known
Source Seismic Source
Type ≤ 2 km ≤ 5 km ≤ 10 km
A 1.5 1.2 1.0
B 1.3 1.0 1.0
C 1.0 1.0 1.0
Tabel 5: Near source factor Nv
Seismic Closest Distance to Known Seismic
Source Source
Type ≤ 2 km ≤ 5 km ≤ 10 km ≤ 15 km
A 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.0
B 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0
C 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Table 6: Seismic Coefficient Ca
Soil Profile Type Seismic Zone
Z=2 Z=4
Sa 0.16 0.32 Na
Sb 0.20 0.40 Na
Sc 0.24 0.40 Na
Sd 0.28 0.44 Na
Se 0.34 0.44 Na
Sf See Footnote 1 of Table 208-8
Table 7: Seismic Coefficient Cv
Soil Profile Type Seismic Zone
Z=2 Z=4
Sa 0.16 0.32 Nv
Sb 0.20 0.40 Nv
Sc 0.32 0.56 Nv
Sd 0.40 0.64 Nv
Se 0.64 0.96 Nv
Sf See Footnote 1 of Table 208-8
Table 4: Seismic Importance Factors
Occupancy Category Seismic Importance Seismic Importance²
Factor, I Factor, Ip
I. Essential Facilities 1.50 1.50
Table 5: Seismic Source Type
Seismic Source Definition
Seismic source type Seismic Source Description Maximum Moment
Magnitude M
Faults that are capable of
A producing large magnitude events 7.0 ≤ M ≤ 8.4
and that have a high rate of
seismic activity
4.5. Design Load Combination
The required strength (U) shall be at least equal to the following:
U = 1.4 (D + F)
U = 1.2 (D + F + T) + 1.6 (L + H) + 0.5 (L or R)
U = 1.2 D + 1.6 (L or R) + (1.0 L or 0.80 W)
U = 1.2 D + 1.6 W + 1.0 L + 0.5 (L or R)
U = 1.2 D + 1.0 E + 1.0 L
U = 0.9 D + 1.6 W + 1.6 H
U = 0.9 D + 1.0 E + 1.6 H
U = 1.2 D + 1.6 L
Where:
D = dead loads, or related internal moments and forces
E = load effects of earthquake, or related internal moments and forces
F = loads due to weight and pressures of fluids with well-defined densities
and controllable maximum height, or related internal moments and forces.
H = loads due to weight and pressure of soil, water in soil, or other materials,
or related internal moments and forces.
L = live loads, or related internal moments and forces.
R = rain load, or related internal moments and forces.
T = cumulative effects of temperature, creep, shrinkage, differential
settlement and shrinkage compensative concrete.
W = wind load, or related internal moments and forces.
4.6. Special Considerations for Structures and Loads during Construction
For temporary structures, or permanent structures left temporarily incomplete to facilitate
equipment installations, or temporary loads imposed on permanent structures during
construction, the allowable stresses may be increased by 33 percent.
Structural backfill may be placed against walls, retaining walls, and similar structures when
the concrete strength attains 80 percent of the design compressive strength (f’c), as
determined by sample cylinder tests. Restrictions on structural backfill, if any, will be
shown on the engineering design drawings.
Design restrictions imposed on construction shoring removal that are different from normal
practices recommended by the ACI codes will be shown on engineering design drawings.
Metal decking used as forms for elevated concrete slabs will be evaluated to adequately
support the weight of concrete plus a uniform construction load of 2.4 kPa, without increase
in allowable stresses.
5. Geotechnical:
Datum
Site topographic elevation will be based on an elevation survey conducted using known
elevation benchmarks.
