Structure of GHG emissions calucation tool for thermal power sector - Table of contents

Introduction (Click here)

1 Flow sheet (Click here) - The flowsheet gives a decision tree that guides the SMRC plants in using the various
worksheets that follow in this calculation tool

2 General plant information (Click here) - This sheet provides basic information on the plant and other basic data related to
power generation

3 Direct emissions from stationary combustion - CO2 and SO2 (Click here) - This sheet calculates the CO2 and SO2 emissions from the fuel burnt

4 Direct emissions from stationary combustion - CH4 and N2O(Click here) - This sheet calculates the CH4 and N2O emissions from the fuel burnt in the stationary
combustion equipments

5 Direct emissions from fuel combustion from mobile sources(Click here) - This sheet calculates CO2 emissions from various company owned vehicles used in
upstream and downstream activities

6 CH4 emissions from the facility(Click here) - This sheet calculates the total CH4 emissions from coal handling and storage in SMRC
facilities

7 HFC emissions from the facility(Click here) - This sheet calculates total HFC emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning
equipment

8 Indirect CO2 emissions from the purchased electricity(Click here) - This sheet calculates the indirect CO2 emissions accruing from the consumption of
electricity purchased from the grid.

9 Summary inventory for facilities(Click here) - This sheet summarizes the inventory of emissions at facility level

10 Summary inventory for company(Click here) - This sheet summarizes the inventory of emissions at company level

11 Default Values(Click here) - This sheet provides default values for emissions factors of CO2, CH4 and N2O, NCV of
fuels and grid specific emission factors
12 Conversion factors(Click here) - This sheet provides unit conversion factors for mass, volume and energy parameters

Important Note:
In case, "Macro" in the users system is not activated, the user must
activate the same before using this tool. For activation, the user should
create "Digital Certificate" by using following file path:

In Microsoft Windows Explorer, locate and double-click SelfCert.exe

(usually found in the C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office10 folder)
If the SelfCert.exe file is not on your computer, you might need to install it.
 Tool Introduction
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Spreadsheets for calculating GHG emissions from Indian power sector - Version 2.0
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This customized India specific power sector tool has been developed by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New
Delhi through a multi stakeholder consultative process involving interaction with different experts in the field. The tool
is based upon the existing corporate GHG Inventory Protocol and tools developed by the World Resources Insitute
(WRI), a Washington based NGO and World Buisness Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a Geneva based
coalition of international companies under their "Greenhouse Gas Protocol" initiative. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) has supported this first version of the customized power sector tool for India. I, Abhishek
Kumar, MBA student from NITIE has modified this tool as per the requirements of SMRC Automotive for calculation
of GHG Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions. This tool presents a simple approach for inventorising the GHG emissions from
SMRC facility, which can then be extended to corporate level. This is an integrated air emissions calculation tool which
can be used to calculate both GHG emissions and other air emissions such as SO 2 emissions (similar quantification
methodologies can be applied to estimate these particular air emissions).

Before using this tool, users are encouraged to refer to the revised edition of "The Greenhouse Gas Protocol" - A
Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (available at www.ghgprotocol.org), which provides GHG accounting
principles, guidelines for setting boundaries, and additional guidance on other aspects of developing GHG inventory.
Although the tool has been designed in a simplistic manner that enables the users to directly fill in the information,
users should refer to the accompanying Guidance Document concurrently for using this customised tool, which gives the
purpose and scope of the customized tool and instructions for filling the different worksheets in this tool.

These worksheets have been adapted from other WRI and WBCSD calculation tools to represent conditions in the Indian
SMRC facilities. These worksheets enable the user to apply internationally accepted methodological approaches such
as the GHG Protocol and IPCC guidelines (incorporating India-specific information where and when appropriate) to
more accurately estimate GHG and SO2 emissions.
ontent (click here)

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(1) Flow chart estimating GHG emissions from Indian Manufacturing Company

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General plant information

Based on plant specific

information on fuel
properties
Direct emissions from stationary
combustion -CO2 (Scope 1) & SO2 OR
Based on default fuel
properties

Direct emissions from stationary

combustion - CH4 & N2O (Scope 1)

Based on actual fuel

consumption
Direct emissions from fuel combustion
from different mobile sources- CO2
OR
(Scope1) & SO2 Based on distance
travelled

CH4 emissions from storage and

handling of coal from coal based power
plants (Scope 1)

For equipment users

who service their own
equipment Sales based approach

Quantification of HFC emissions from OR

refrigeration and air-conditioning Life cycle stage
equipment (Scope 1) approach
For equipment users
who have contractors to
service their equipment

Indirect CO2 emissions from consumption

of purchased electricity (Scope 2)

Summary of GHG emissions (Scope 1

and Scope 2) and SO2 emissions from
the facility

Summary of inventory for the company

(2) General plant information
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User entry Default values Auto calculated value
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Color code

Step 1a: Plant name and location of facility

SMRC, Pune

Plant address
Pune

Telephone / Fax numbers

Email address

[email protected]

Contact person at plant and designation at plant

Anurag Srivastava

Company name

SMRC

Country
India

Ownership (State/Private)

Private

Step 1b: Describe the operational boundries of the facility, e.g., "Facility is
owned and controlled by reported company" (See Section 4.0) of the
Guidance Document for further information on operational boundary
approaches)

Step 1c: Any other additional information

Step 2: Inventory Reporting Period
Reporting period (Type annually/quarterly/monthly) Annually
Start report date 1/1/2020
End report date 12/31/2020

Step 3: Operations that are included in the facility boundary for inventorisation
Area

Mining No
Company owned mining equipment No

On-site transportation (including residential colony) with company owned Yes

vehicles (cars/buses/jeeps/trucks, etc)
Company owned refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment
Yes
Purchase of power from grid, if any Select
Yes
Combustion equipment
1. Diesel generator Select
Yes
Select
No
2. Furnace
3. Any others (Mention here)
Select
Yes
No
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Reset
 (5) Scope 1: Direct emissions from fuel combustion from mobile sources
User entry Default values Auto calculated value Go to Table of Content (click here)
Color Code
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Worksheet Introduction
(1) This sheet calculates CO2 emissions from various company owned vehicles only.

(2) User should use either Method-1 or Method-2 for estimating emissions from mobile sources,
depending on availability of data.

(3) Examples of mobile sources are company owned trucks, cars, buses for transportation of employees, etc.

(4) Emissions from vehicles owned by the contractors but operating for activities concerning the
power plant are generally optional and reported under Scope -3, which is however not reported
in this power tool.

Companies should estimate direct mobile emissions by either of the following methods

Method 1: Emissions calculated based on actual fuel consumption Click Here

Method 2: Emissions calculated based on distance travelled Click Here

Method 1: Emission calculated based on actual fuel consumption

Source description Type of fuel Quantity of fuel Units CO2 emission factor* Units SO2 emission Units CO2 emission SO2 emission
(Buses, Trucks, Cars etc.) factor* (tonne) (tonne)

A B C D E F G H I = C*E*0.99 /1000 J = C * G /1000

Example : Trucks Diesel 750 liter 2.75 kg CO2 / liter 0.031 kg SO2 / liter 2.04 0.02

Cars Gasoline / Petrol

Gasoline / Petrol 0.00 0.00

Trucks Diesel 0.00 0.00

Mopeds Diesel 0.00 0.00

Bus Diesel 0.00 0.00

Select the fuel 0.00 0.00

Select the fuel 0.00 0.00

Select the fuel 0.00 0.00

Select the fuel 0.00 0.00

Select the fuel 0.00 0.00

Select the fuel 0.00 0.00

Total emissions based on actual fuel consumption (tonne) 0.00 0.00

Notes for Method 1
1. The fuel consumption in various vehicles should be entered separately as independent entries. Reset
2. Default emission factors of CO2 & SO2 as provided in Table 1 in the sheet "13-Default Values" have been used.
In case plant specific data is available, the same should be preferred.

Method 2: Emission calculated based on distance travelled

Type of vehicle Distance travelled CO2 emission factor SO2 emission factor CO2 emissions SO2 emissions
(Bus, Trucks, Cars etc.) (km) (gm CO2/km) (gm SO2/km) (tonne) (tonne)

A B C D E = B*C/106 F = B*D/106

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.000

Reset
Notes for Method 2

1. Use only customised CO2 & SO 2 emission factor since kg CO 2/km varies with vehicle type, age, loading, road conditions, etc.
2. For more details on distance based emission, please refer "Calculating CO 2 emissions from mobile combustion tool" on www.ghgprotocol.org

504.72899522733

1057.2727866329

Marine diesel

Bunker oil

Aviation fuel

Gasoline / Petrol

Diesel 36.311039392405

Residual fuel oil

LPG

Others

tonne

kilolitre

m3

GJ/tonne

10.056218518987

18.377499801799
(6) Scope 1: Methane (CH4) emissions from storage and handling of coal
User entry Default values Auto calculated value Go to Table of Content (click here)
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Worksheet introduction

(1) Handling and storage of coal is a source of fugitive methane (CH 4 ) emissions. For instance,
different types of coals desorb methane at different rates, but since coal is usually removed
from a mine within hours or days of being mined, some CH 4 remains and gets released
from the coal during handling operations.

(2) Calculations provided here would help to estimate conservative CH 4 emissions associated with coal
handling and storage within power plant.

(3) For further details, please refer to "Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories", Volume 2, Chapter 1.5.

Amount of coal purchased tonne

Type of coal mine Underground

2.50 std m3 / tonne of coal

Default Methane emission factor

Calculate Reset

Total Methane emissions tonne

Total equivalent CO2 emissions tonne

 (9) Scope 2 : Indirect CO2 emissions from the consumption of purchased electricity
User entry Default values Auto calculated Go to Table of Content (click here)
Color Code value
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Worksheet Introduction

(1) Indirect emissions are consequence of the actions of a reporting entity, but are produced
by sources owned or controlled by another entity.

(2) This sheet calculates indirect CO 2 emissions assciated with the consumption of electricity
purchased by the power plant from the grid (e.g. purchase of electricity from the grid
during plant start-up or shut down).

(3) The emissions estimated in this sheet are reported under Scope 2.

(4) Grid specific default emission factors are provided in Table 4 of Sheet "13-Default values".

Electricity purchased kWh 0 MWh

Name of the state Select

Name of the power grid

Default CO2 emission factor 0.00 t CO2/ MWh

F
Calculate Reset
Click here

Total CO2 emissions tonne

 (12) Summary of greenhouse gas emissions from the company
User entry Auto calculated
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Default values
value
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Worksheet introduction

For each plant, enter the cumulative Scope-1 emissions in column E and Scope 2 emissions in column F

Company name SMRC

Organisational boundaries chosen 0

Reporting period Annually

Start report time 01/01/20

End report time 12/31/20

Facility Control Equity Power Scope1: Scope 2: Scope 1 for Scope 1 for
(%) Share generation Direct emissions Indirect CO2 emissions control equity
(%) (Total equivalent CO2 (Indirect emissions from purchased
emissions) electricity)

A B C D E F G H
0 or 100% million kWh tonnes CO2 tonnes of CO2 Absolute CO2 Absolute CO2
Plant 1 per plant per plant

Plant 2

Plant 3

Plant 4

Total for company 0 0 0 0 0

 (13) Default values
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Fuel Type Net calorific value CO2 emission factor SO2 emission factor
GJ/tonne kg CO2 / GJ kg SO2 / GJ
Solid fossil fuel
Non-coking coal 19.63 95.81 0.54
Imported non-coking coal 23.53 96.00 3.95
Lignite 9.89 106.15 1.01
Solid biomass fuel
Mustard stalk 17.58 93.38 0.01
Rice husk 13.39 101.41 0.07
Baggase 16.75 32.84 0.01
Wood, wood waste 15.22 100.44 (EIA) 0.03
Source:
1) Indian non-coking coal and Lignite NCV & emission factors - Ministry of Environment & Forest, GoI, 2004: Report on "India's National communication (NATCOM)
to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", Table no. 2.3, Page no. 37
2) Mustard stalk and Rice husk NCV and emission factors - PVR Iyer, TR Rao, TD Grover and NP Singh (1997),
Biomass thermo-chemical characterisation, Table 4.2, Proximate analysis and calorific values of difference biomass species, Page no. 41 and 4.2.

Fuel Type Net calorific value CO2 emission factor SO2 emission factor Typical density
GJ/tonne GJ/liter kg CO2 / GJ kg CO2 / liter kg SO2 / GJ kg SO2 / liter x 1000 kg/m3
Liquid fossil fuel
Aviation gasoline 44.30 0.03 70.09 2.45 0.045 0.002 0.79
Bunker oil 40.90 0.04 77.40 3.11 1.959 0.079 0.98
Diesel 43.00 0.04 74.13 2.86 0.820 0.032 0.90
Furnace oil 40.19 77.40 2.000
Gasoline / petrol 44.30 0.03 69.36 2.43 0.045 0.002 0.79
LPG 47.30 0.03 63.12 1.62 0.008 0.000 0.54
Marine diesel 43.00 0.04 74.10 3.15 0.930 0.040 0.99
Naphtha 44.50 73.40 1.333
Residual Fuel oil 40.40 0.04 77.44 3.11 1.973 0.079 0.99
Source:
3) Emission factors (kg CO2 /GJ) and Net calorific values are from IPCC, 2006, Volume 2, Energy. Typical densities are from API, 2001. Other values are drived
arithmatically except as commented.
4) Diesel & Furnace oil Sulphur emission factor - BIS standards and technical memento - Thermax Pvt. Ltd.
5) Furnace oil & Naphtha Calorific value- Greenhouse gas inventory workbook- Revised 1996 IPCCguidelines for national GHG inventories (Vol.2),
Page no. 1.6 Table 1-3 Selected net calorific values.
6) Naphtha sulphur content - B I Bhatt S M Vora (1992), "Stochiometry", Second edition, Table no. 7.5, Typical characteristics of liquid fuels (page no. 377).

Fuel Type Net calorific value CO2 emission factor SO2 emission factor Typical density

GJ/tonne GJ/liter kg CO2 / GJ kg CO2 / liter kg SO2 / GJ x 1000 kg/m3

Gaseous fossile fuel

Natural gas 48.00 0.029 GJ / m3 (std.) 56.06 2.19 0.28 0.60
Source:
7) Natural gas sulphur content - "Union gas" official website

Note:
Conversion of GCV (Gross calorific value) to NCV (Net calorific value)
NCV = GCV - 53 x H Where H is the % of hydrogen content in the fuel

Table 2: Default CH4 and N2O Emission Factors from Stationary Sources

Fuel Type kg CH4 / GJ kg N2O / GJ

Coal 0.001 0.0013
Natural gas 0.001 0.0001

Petroluem (Oil) 0.003 0.0006

Wood and wood waste 0.029 0.0038
Other biomass and wastes 0.029 0.0038
Source:
Default values are based on Tier 1 Uncontrolled values from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines (Tables 1-7 and 1-8).

Table 3: Average Fugitive CH4 emission factors for coal (post mining)

Emission factor
Coal mine type
(m3/tonne)
Underground 2.5

Surface 0.1

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Page 4.12, 4.19
Table 4: Grid specific emission factors for the different grids

Emission factor
Grid States covered (tCO2/MWh)
NEW NE Grid 0.97
Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan,
Uttaranchal,Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh,
Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra,
Goa, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Arunacahl Pradesh, Assam, Manipur,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kereala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry,

Southern Grid 0.99
Lakshadweep

Source:

CEA Baseline Carbon Dioxide Emission Database Version 10.0 (Emission factor based on Combined Margin in tCO2/MWh incl. Imports)

Table 5. GWPs of Common Greenhouse Gases and Refrigerants

Refrigerants GWP Source Refrigerants GWP Source
CO2 1 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-410A 1725 ASHRAE Standard 34

CH4 25 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-410B 1832.5 ASHRAE Standard 34

N2O 298 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-411A 15.4 ASHRAE Standard 34

SF6 22800 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-407E 1363 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-23 14800 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-408A 1944 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-32 675 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-409A 0 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-41 92 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-409B 0 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-125 3500 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-410A 1725 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-134 1100 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-410B 1832.5 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-134a 1430 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-411A 15.4 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-143 353 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-411B 4.2 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-143a 4470 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-412A 350 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-152 53 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-413A 1774 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-152a 124 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-414A 0 ASHRAE Standard 34

HFC-236fa 9810 IPCC AR4, 2007 R-414B 0 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-401A 18.2 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-415A 25 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-401B 15.4 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-415B 105 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-401C 21 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-416A 767 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-402A 1680 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-417A 1954.8 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-402B 1064 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-418A 3.5 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-403A 1400 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-419A 2403 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-403B 2730 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-420A 1144 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-404A 3260 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-500 36.68 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-406A 0 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-503 4691.7 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-407A 1770 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-504 313.3 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-407B 2285 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-505 0 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-407C 1525.5 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-506 0 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-407D 1428 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-507 or R-507A 3300 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-407E 1363 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-508A 10175 ASHRAE Standard 34

R-408A 1944 ASHRAE Standard 34 R-508B 10350 ASHRAE Standard 34

Table 6. Default Assumptions from IPCC Good Practice Guidelines*

Application Charge (kg) Lifetime (years) Emission Factors (% of initial charge/year)

Assembly Annual Leakage Rate Recycling Efficiency

Domestic Refrigeration 0.05 - 0.5 12 - 15 0.2 - 1 % 0.1 - 0.5 % 70% of remainder

Medium and Large Commercial 50 - 2000
refrigeration 7 - 10 0.5 - 3 % 10 - 30 % 80 - 90% of remainder
Transport Refrigeration 3.0 - 8.0 6-9 0.2 - 1 % 15 - 50 % 70 - 80% of remainder
Industrial Refrigeration 10 - 10000 10 - 20 0.5 - 3 % 7 - 25 % 80 - 90% of remainder
including Food Processing and
Cold Storage
Chillers 10.0 - 2000 10 - 30 0.2 - 1 % 2 - 15 % 80 - 95% of remainder
Mobile Air Conditioners Not provided 12 0.50% 10 - 20 % 0%
* These values are from IPCC Good Practice Guidelines and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2000).These default values are provided for reference purposes only as
their wide range can result in highly variable calculation outcomes. If a value is chosen from within the range, that value should be used consistently from reporting period to reporting period or year to
year.They should only be used if entity-specific data are not available, but an inventory that uses these values should be considered preliminary.
 (14) Conversion factors

Mass
1 pound (lb) 453.6 grams (g)
1 kilogram (kg) 2.205 pounds (lb)
1 short ton (ton) 2'000 pounds (lb)
1 metric ton 2'205 pounds (lb)

Volume
1 cubic foot (ft3) 7.4805 gallons (gal)
1 cubic foot (ft3) 28.32 liters (L)
1 gallon (gal) 0.0238 barrel (bbl)
1 barrel (bbl) 42 gallons (gal)
1 litre (L) 0.001 cubic meters (m3)
1 cubic meter (m3) 6.2897 barrels (bbl)

Energy
1 kilowatt hour (kWh) 3412 Btu (btu)
1 megajoule (MJ) 0.001 gigajoules (GJ)
1 gigajoule (GJ) 0.9478 million Btu (million btu)
1 Btu (btu) 1'055 joules (J)
1 million Btu (million btu) 1.055 gigajoules (GJ)
1 therm (therm) 100'000 btu
1 kcal 4.186 kJ

Other
kilo 1'000
mega 1'000'000
giga 1'000'000'000
tera 1'000'000'000'000
1 psi 0.06895 bar
1 kgf / cm3 (tech atm) 0.9807 bar
1 atmosphere (atm) 1.01325 bar
1 mile (statue) 1.609 kilometers
1 metric ton CH4 21 metric tons CO2 equivalent
1metric ton N2O 310 metric tons CO2 equivalent
1 metric ton carbon 3.664 metric tons CO2
onversion factors
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0.4536 kilograms (kg) 0.0004536 metric tons (tonne)

907.2 kilograms (kg)

1'000 kilograms (kg) 1.1023 short tons (tons)

0.1781 barrel (bbl)

0.02832 cubic meters (m3)
3.785 liters (L) 0.003785 cubic meters (m3)
158.99 liters (L) 0.1589 cubic meters (m3)
0.2642 gallons (gal)
264.2 gallons (gal) 1'000 liters (L)

3'600 kilojoules (KJ)

277.8 kilowatt hours (kWh) 238891.5 Kcal

293 kilowatt hours (kWh)

0.1055 gigajoules (GJ) 29.3 kilowatt hours (kWh)
0.000004186 gigajoules (GJ) 0.001162778 kilowatt hours (KWh)

101.325 kilo pascals 14.696 pounds per square inch (psia)